BOILER & Its AUXILIARIES

Presented By:-
Gyanendra Sharma
NPTI Delhi

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 WHAT IS BOILER

Boiler is container into which water can be fed

and steam can be taken out at desired
Pressure and temp.In boiler chamical energy
of fuel is converted to heat energy and heat
energy transferred to water for converting into
steam.

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 WATER TUBE BOILER
Water flow in the tubes and hot flue gases flow
on the tubes . Water converted into steam.

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 •

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 Circulation in Boiler
The steam generator has to produce steam at highest purity,
and at high pressure and temperature required for the
turbine. Water must flow through the heat absorption surface
of the boiler in order that it be evaporated into steam Natural
circulation is the ability of water to circulate continuously,
with gravity and changes in temperature being the only
driving force known as "thermal head“.

Cold feedwater is introduced into the steam drum where, because the density of
the cold water is greater, it comes in the 'downcomer' towards the lower bottom
ring header, displacing the warmer water up into the front tubes.
Continued heating creates steam in the front tubes, which are separated from
the hot water in the steam drum.
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 BOILER
MAJOR COMPONENT
• BOILER DRUM
• WATER WALLS
• COAL FIRING
• SUPERHEATER
• RE HEATER
• ECONOMISER
• AIR PRE HEATER
• FD FAN
• ID FAN
• WIND BOX

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 BOILER DRUM.

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 Boiler Drum
• It is an enclosed Pressure
Vessel
• Heat generated by
Combustion of Fuel is
transferred to water to
become steam
• Process: Evaporation

Steam volume increases to

1,600 times from water and
produces tremendous force

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 DRUM Lifting in progress

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 DRUM SERVES TWO MAIN
FUNCTIONS

 IT CONTAINS WATER AND WATER-STEAM

MIXTURE

 SEPERATING STEAM FROM THE MIXTURE

OF WATER AND STEAM

 IT HOUSES ALL EQUIPMENTS USED FOR

PURIFICATION OF THE STEAM
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 DRUM INTERNALS

1. PRIMARY SEPERATORS

CONSISTS OF BAFFLE ARRANGEMENT

DEVICES WHICH CHANGE THE
DIRECTION OF FLOW
OF STEAM AND WATER MIXTURE

2. SECONDARY SEPERATORS

SEPERATORS EMPLOYING SPINNING

ACTION

3. SCREENING DRYERS

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 Drum Internals

The steam drum

contains steam
separating
equipment and
internal piping for
distribution of
chemicals to the
water, for distribution
of feedwater and for
blowdown of the
water to reduce
solids concentration.

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 Drum Internals

Steam
Separator

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 Downcomers
• There are six down comers in which carry
water from boiler drum to the ring header.
• They are installed from outside the furnace to
keep density difference for natural circulation
of water & steam.

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 WATER
WALLS
• HEATING AND EVAPORATING THE FEED WATER SUPPLIED TO THE
BOILER FROM THE ECONOMISERS.

• THESE ARE VERTICAL TUBES CONNECTED AT THE TOP AND BOTTOM

TO THE HEADERS.

• THESE TUBES RECEIVE WATER FROM THE BOILER DRUM BY MEANS

OF DOWNCOMERS CONNECTED BETWEEN DRUM AND WATER
WALLS LOWER HEADER.

• APPROXIMATELY 50% OF THE HEAT RELEASED BY THE COMBUSTION

OF THE FUEL IN THE FURNACE IS ABSORBED BY THE WATER WALLS.

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 Construction of Water Walls

• Tangent tube The

construction consists of
water wall placed side
by side nearly touching
each other. An
envelope of thin sheet
of steel called "SKIN
CASING" is placed in
contact with the tubes,
which provides a seal
against furnace leakage.

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 WATER WALLS
LOOKING FROM
OUTSIDE

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 WATER WALLS - LOOKING FROM INSIDE THE BOILER

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 COAL FIRING
Combustion of fuel in the furnace. pulverized
coal is used in furnace for firing having 99%
combustion eff.compared to stocker firing.
fuel and air projected from corner of the
furnace toward the centre of furnace.
Intensive mixing occurs where these streams
meets.

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 Economiser
Boiler Economiser are feed-water heaters in which the heat
from waste gases is recovered to raise the temperature of
feed-water supplied to the boiler.

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 Economiser

• Modern power plants use steel-tube-type economizers.

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 Finned Economizers

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 Advantages of Economiser

6oC raise in feed water

temperature, by
economizers
corresponds to a
1% saving in fuel
consumption
220 C reduction in flue
gas temperature
increases boiler
efficiency by 1%
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 Location and Arrangement

• Ahead of air-heaters
• Following the primary super-heater & re-heater
• Counter-flow arrangement
• Horizontal placement
• Supported to prevent sagging
• Ash hopper below as flue gas takes a turn

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 ECONOMISER PANEL

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 SUPERHEATER
When steam comes out from drum is not
superheated but having some moisture
contents which can be the cause of corrosion
and errosion of turbine blade. So to meet this
requirement boiler is provided with separate
tube circuit in flue gas path. This heat transfer
area called as superheater. Steam comes from
superheater in dry form and at high temp.

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 SUPERHEATER TUBES

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 RE-HEATER
Like superheater, re-heater are also a tube
circuit placed in path of flue gases . In reheater
the steam brought back at low pr. from HP
turbine and heated to higher temp. before
enterning the IP turbine . It improve cyycle
efficiency.

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 REHEATER PANEL

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 VARIOUS PIPE CONNECTION AT BOILER DRUM

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 FD FAN
FD fan supply air necessary for fuel combustion
through windbox.

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 ID FAN
ID fan evacuate combustion products from the
boiler furnace by creating sufficient negative
pressure in the furnace.

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 PA FAN
This fan supply the air which is needed to dry
and transport the coal from coal mill to
furnace

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 AIR PREHEATER
Air heater is an important boiler aux. which
preheat air for rapid and efficient combustion
in furnace. APH recover the waste heat from
the outgoing flue gases of boiler.

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 THANKS

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