Becoming a

Member of Society
Quarter 4: Lesson 1
Socialization
and
Enculturation
a. Identity Formation
b. Norms and Values
c. Statuses and Roles
 Socialization
• Hunt (1982) primarily consists of
processes and techniques
observed by members of the
society towards an “acceptable,
proper, and desirable way of
living” and occurs through social
interaction and transmission of
culture in a particular group

• It helps shape and develop an

individual’s personality, allowing
the person to learn and adopt
the culture of the society where
he/she belongs
Socialization
• Lifelong process of social interaction
through which people acquire their
identities and necessary survival skills in
a society.
• it is considered as the central process of
social life, and is also a process of
member recruitment and replacement.
• enables the person to gradually become
a self – aware and knowledgeable human
being, and learn the ways, values, rules,
and culture of his / her society
•
“ Socialization is a process by
which the individual learns to

”
conform to the norms of the
group.

—W.H. Ogburn
“ Socialization as the process of
working together, of developing
group responsibility, of being

”
guided by welfare needs of
others,

—Bogardus
“ Socialization is the process
which the child acquires a

”
cultural content, along with
selfhood and personality.

—Green
Personality

• Social experience is also the

foundation of personality, a
person’s fairly consistent
patterns of acting, thinking
and feeling (Macionis 2012:
102).
 Identify
Formation 1
 Personality vs. Identity
Personality Identity

• An organization of forces – • The qualities, behavior, values,

consistent attitudes, values,
and modes of perception –
within an individual which
results in his/her consistent
behavior (Barnouw, 1963)
• The interrelation of an
individual’s ideas, actions, and •
attitudes with the many
nonhuman aspects of his/her
environment and heritage
(Dewey and Humbers, 1951)
beliefs, personality, looks
and/or expressions that make a
person.
• It is flexible and can therefore
change according to situations
and circumstances.
A piece that is observed by
other people’s eyes; what others
mostly remember about you
 Biological
Determinants Inheritance
(Nature)
of Personality and
Formation Environment
(Nurture)
 1. Biological Inheritance (Nature)
• The genetic characteristics of
one’s parents have something
to do with his/her personality
• Genes provide “raw materials”
from which personality is
formed, such as biological
structures, psychological
processes, reflexes, urges,
capacity, intelligence, and
traits
 2. Environment (Nurture)
a. Geographic Environment
➢ The location, climate, topography and natural resources in one’s
society. Geography is responsible for the varying experiences in
response to the stimuli posed by the physical world (Panopio, et.al)
b. Cultural Environment
➢ refers to the learned ways of living – the norms, values, and beliefs
one gets accustomed to in a society. A person incorporates the
patterns, values, and attitudes of the group he/she belongs to into
his/her personality
c. Social Environment
➢ Interactions happening in a particular group are all parts of a person’s
social environment; one’s social role is also a contributing factor in
developing one’s personality
2 Norms and
Values
 Norms and Values

• Norms are culturally determined rules that

guide people regarding what is right, wrong,
proper, or improper.
• Values are standards people use to
determine desirable goals and outcomes;
are criteria on which people base their
judgments regarding behaviors and
decisions.
 Norms

• Were initially designed and created by people who

benefitted from their existence or suffered from
their absence (Coleman, 2000)
• An order was established through practice of such
norms – an order which allows those who created
them benefit from the result
• People are subjected to norms when they become
part of society; they are also subjected to the
sanctions and rewards
 Norms in the Philippines
• Norm of Appropriateness and Decency –
wearing decent and appropriate clothes for
a particular occasion or event

• Norm of Tact and Courtesy – when

somebody makes a mistake, we do not
laugh or make fun of the person in order not
to embarrass him/her and at the same time,
express our respect and courtesy
 Values
• In the Philippine setting, values are often
used as parameters in separating what is
considered normal and moral from taboo and
predatory.
• Examples: respect for elders, caring for one’s
parents during old age, eating together as
one family during meals, a sense of
volunteerism during emergencies and
disasters in the community
 Values in the Philippines
Two most important values tha tFilipinos
possess are :
Value of Industry
➢ When Filipinos take pride in their work because they worked
hard for it; Filipinos credit success to love one’s work and
hardwork.
Reciprocity or debt of gratitude (utang na
loob)
➢ Is a priceless value that sustains and strengthens human
relations beyond the individual, family, society, and even
nation
Statuses
and Roles
3
 Statuses and Roles
Status – any position that an individual
can occupy in society (Newman, 2012);
a label that implies certain roles that
must be performed
Roles – refers to the behavior expected
of someone who holds a particular
status
 Statuses and Roles
Status – any position that an individual
can occupy in society (Newman, 2012);
a label that implies certain roles that
must be performed
Roles – refers to the behavior expected
of someone who holds a particular
status
 Status
Ascribed Status – fixed for an individual at
birth. Include those based upon sex, age, race
ethnic group and family background.

Achieved Status – those which the individual

acquires during his or her lifetime because of
the exercise of knowledge, ability, skill and/or
perseverance.
 Role Strain / Role Conflict
• stems out from the challenging and
opposing pressures of two or more
roles that struggle for our time and
attention.
e.g. A student’s role is different if the
individual is a full-time student or a
working student.
Social Processes
All members of a society experience socialization in
varying extent.
However, it is impossible for socialization to happen
without social processes, or the repetitive patterns of
interaction commonly found in a social life.
Enculturation
Process of being
socialized into a
specific culture.
Individuals learn
cultural symbols,
norms, values, and
language by observing
and interacting with
family, friends, and the
rest of society.
 Acculturation
• process in which a person
adapts to the influence of
another culture by
borrowing many of its
aspects
• it refers to the
psychological changes
stimulated by cross-
cultural imitation (Powell,
1883)
• immersion in another
culture while maintaining
one’s mother culture
 Assimilation
• denotes complete or almost
total adaptation of the
minor culture to the major
one
• an individual learns a new
culture, tending to lose
entirely his/her previously
held cultural identity
• Ex: a Filipino who migrate to
Canada, he/she ,ay entirely
forget his/her Filipino
identity to become a full-
fledged Canadian
 Cooperation
• a form of social interaction
wherein two or more persons
work together for a common
end purpose (Merrill &
Eldredge. 1965)
• teamwork in a class, bonding
among peers, helping family
members or relatives, and
sharing expertise with fellow
workers to maintaining peace
between nations through
diplomatic negotiations,
bayanihan
 Differentiation

• the ways through which major

social spheres become
disconnected in order to focus
on specialized roles and create
a stronger organizational
framework (Eisenstadt, 1971)

• process of designating each

member of a society with
particular functions and roles
intended for the society to
achieve stability and order
 Amalgamation
• happens when two
families or groups
become one thorugh a
formal union (e.g.,
marriage)
• it promotes
acculturations and
assimilation
 Stratification
• the hierarchical
arrangement and
establishment of social
categories that may
evoke into social groups
• the division of society
into social categories
that in turn develop
social groups, mainly
based in wealth and
income differences
 Stratification
• involves dividing the
members of a society into
different strata
• Each stratum or social
class is made of individuals
who possess similar
economic, political and
cultural interests
• Members from different
strata have varied
privileges, responsibilities,
ideas, dispositions, and
attitudes toward the society
 Conflict
• is a struggle over values
and claims to scarce
statues, power, and
resource (Coser, 1956)
• also involves individuals,
groups, or a combination
of both
• happens when
communication fails
 Competition
• suggests the struggle
between two or more
persons or groups that
can be translated to
innovation in the long
run
• Ex.: if there is a tough
competition in the PH
telecommunication
companies, this may
pave way for cheaper
products and services
Social Control, Conformity
and Deviance
 CONFORMITY
• involves the acceptance of the cultural goals and
means of attaining those goals
• Adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to correspond with
a group criterion.
• A social psychology phenomenon wherein people tend
to make themselves blend into the environment.

Why do people Conform?

The need for acceptance and approval of others; Fear of
embarrassment, ridicule, or rejection by group.
 DEVIANCE
● the opposite of conformity
● A behavior, trait, belief, or other attributes that
defies or violates a norm and triggers an
undesirable outcome.
● is a behavior that violates the standards of
conduct or expectations or social norms of a
group or society.
● Alcoholics, gamblers, sex deviants, drug addicts
or latecomers in the class are all classified as
deviants or deviant acts
 Forms of Deviance

1. Innovation- use of unadvised or illegal

methods to achieve social goals
2. Ritualism- abandon of goals but maintain
expected behaviors
3. Retreatism- individual try to escape from
achieving social goals because they
cannot fulfill them
4. Rebellion- seek to substitute new goals
and means for existing goals and means
 SOCIAL CONTROL
● involves teaching, persuading, and or
forcing members and non-members of a
group to comply with and not deviate
from its norms and expectations.
 Social Control
● When a person violates the behavioral norms
of his/her society, he/she will be subjected to
corresponding social sanctions.
○ Formal – fine, imprisonment, or death
○ Informal – disapproval, ridicule, gossip, or deprivation

Not all societies rely on punishment alone to

maintain social control. Others provide
rewards to those who strictly conform to
rules. Rewards may occur in the form of
praise, promotions, salary increases, and
more.
 Human Dignity, Rights, and the Common Good
● Human Dignity refers to an individual or group's sense
of self-respect and self-worth, physical and
psychological integrity and empowerment.
● Rights are the privileges and entitlements a person must
enjoy in the attainment and protection of his/her human
dignity
○ Bill of Rights - natural rights, civil rights, political rights, economic
rights as well as rights of the accused before, during and after trial.
○ Human rights - are rights inherent to all human beings, whatever
our nationality, place of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin,
color, religion, language, or any other status.
● Common good, which benefits society as a whole, in
contrast to the private good of individuals and sections
of society. In effect, the notion of the common good is a
denial that society is and should be composed of
atomized individuals living in isolation from one another