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British Standard: A Single Copy of This British Standard Is Licensed To
British Standard: A Single Copy of This British Standard Is Licensed To
British Standard: A Single Copy of This British Standard Is Licensed To
Licensed Copy: KEO International, KEO International, 12 August 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
Specification for
UDC 669.3-42
BS 2874:1986
The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard,
through subcommittees and panels:
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Contents
Page
Committees responsible Inside front cover
Foreword iii
1 Scope 1
2 Definitions 1
3 Designations for material conditions 1
4 Information to be supplied by the purchaser 1
5 Chemical composition 1
6 Tensile properties 1
7 Residual stress level 2
8 Resistance to dezincification (applicable to alloy CZ 132 only) 2
9 Freedom from hydrogen embrittlement (applicable to
copper C 103 only) 2
10 Tolerances on dimensions for rods 2
11 Selection of test samples 2
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12 Expression of results 3
13 Retests 3
Appendix A Designations, nominal compositions and product forms
specified for alloys in the BS 2870 to BS 2875 series 12
Appendix B Conversion of stress units 15
Appendix C The rounding of numbers rule 15
Appendix D Cross-references between the wrought copper
designations in this standard and the raw material designations for
copper refinery shapes in BS 6017 16
Appendix E Methods for the determination of tensile properties 16
Appendix F Method for the detection of residual stress in copper
alloys by the mercurous nitrate test 16
Appendix G Method of test to establish dezincification resistance of
material designated CZ 132 17
Figure 1 — Illustration of dezincification resistance test 18
Table 1 — Chemical composition, tolerance group and
mechanical properties of coppers 4
Table 2 — Chemical composition, tolerance group and
mechanical properties of alloyed coppers 5
Table 3 — Chemical composition, tolerance group and
mechanical properties of brasses 6
Table 4 — Chemical composition, tolerance group and
mechanical properties of bronzes and copper nickel alloys 9
Table 5 — Dimensional tolerances for round rod in material
groups I and II 10
Table 6 — Dimensional tolerances for square rod in material
groups I and II 10
Table 7 — Dimensional tolerances for hexagonal rod in material
groups I and II 10
Table 8 — Dimensional tolerances for rectangular bar in material
groups I and II 10
Table 9 — Dimensional tolerances for rods in material group III 11
Table 10 — Nominal batch sizes (masses) for sampling of rods
and sections 11
Table 11 — Designations, nominal compositions and product forms
specified for alloys in the BS 2870 to BS 2875 series 12
© BSI 11-1998 i
BS 2874:1986
Page
Table 12 — Conversion of stress in N/mm2 to kgf/mm2, tonf/in2
and lbf/in2 15
Table 13 — Designation cross-references between this standard
and BS 6017 16
List of references Inside back cover
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ii © BSI 11-1998
BS 2874:1986
Foreword
This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Non-ferrous
Metals Standards Committee. It is the second metric revision of BS 2874, which
was originally published in 1962 and subsequently revised in 1969 and it
supersedes the 1969 edition, which is withdrawn. It is one in a series of standards
for copper and copper alloys in various wrought forms, intended for general
engineering purposes. The others in the series are:
BS 2870, Specification for rolled copper and copper alloys: sheet, strip and foil.
BS 2871, Copper and copper alloys. Tubes.
BS 2872, Copper and copper alloys. Forging stock and forgings.
BS 2873, Copper and copper alloys. Wire.
BS 2875, Copper and copper alloys. Plate.
In this revision, due regard has been given to the work of the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO) and in particular to Technical Committee
ISO/TC 26, Copper and copper alloys, in respect of chemical compositions, testing
requirements, properties and dimensional tolerances. Whenever possible and
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appropriate, the requirements of this standard have been aligned with those of
corresponding international standards.
Certain alloys that are considered to be in sufficient demand to warrant inclusion
have been added. The additions are:
C 112, copper-cobalt-beryllium.
C 113, copper-nickel-phosphorus.
CA 107, 6 % aluminium-silicon bronze.
CC 101, copper-chromium.
CC 102, copper-chromium-zirconium.
CN 102, 90/10 copper-nickel-iron.
CN 107, 70/30 copper-nickel.
CZ 133, naval brass, uninhibited (a modified version of CZ 113, now withdrawn).
CZ 134, naval brass, high leaded.
CZ 135, high tensile brass, with silicon.
CZ 136, manganese brass.
PB 104, 8 % phosphor bronze.
The alloy previously known as CZ 123 in BS 2874 has been redesignated CZ 137
to avoid confusion with the similar but purer alloy CZ 123 which is included in
BS 2870 and BS 2875.
The demand for nine of the alloys included in the last edition of this standard is
considered to be insufficient to warrant their retention and they have
consequently been withdrawn. The alloys withdrawn are CA 103, CA 106,
CZ 103, CZ 106, CZ 113, NS 102, NS 111, NS 112 and NS 113.
In this revision, and for the purposes of this standard only, each of the alloys has
been placed in one of three material groups, designated I, II and III, used to
specify the dimensional tolerances in Table 5 to Table 9. The tolerances specified
have been reviewed in the light of current demand and practice. Account has been
taken of ISO work when revising the tolerances and the break-points.
All mechanical properties have been reviewed and revised where appropriate. All
bend test requirements have been deleted.
In previous editions of this standard, clauses have been included entitled
“Inspection” and “Facilities for testing”. As these clauses are contractual and not
relevant to the standard for the product, they have been omitted from this
revision.
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.
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Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv,
pages 1 to 18, an inside back cover and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on
the inside front cover.
iv © BSI 11-1998
BS 2874:1986
square millimetre (N/mm2), this unit now being in common use a) for rod within the size ranges given in Table 5 to Table 7
in the industry. and Table 9, whether closer than normal tolerances are
NOTE 3 The titles of the publications referred to in this required, and for rod outside the size ranges given in Table 5
standard are listed on the inside back cover. to Table 9, the tolerances agreed between the purchaser and
the supplier (see clause 10 and Table 5 to Table 9);
2 Definitions b) whether the material is required to pass the mercurous
nitrate test for the detection of residual (internal) stress
For the purposes of this British Standard the (see clause 7);
following definitions apply. c) whether tensile tests are required (see clause 6);
d) whether special tests are required (see clauses 7, 8 and 9)
2.1 and, if hydrogen embrittlement testing of C 103 or testing for
rod dezincification resistance of CZ 132 is required, the batch size,
the method of selection of samples and the provisions for
a solid product of round, square, rectangular or retests for these tests;
regular polygonal cross section, uniform throughout e) whether a statement of compliance, or a certificate of
its length, usually supplied in straight lengths, and conformity of the material, to the requirements of the
standard is required (see note 2).
which if rectangular in cross section has a thickness NOTE 2 In normal commercial practice, two levels of
that exceeds one tenth of the width certification of the quality of the product are available at the
request of the purchaser, as follows.
2.2 a) Statement of compliance. This is usually available from
section the supplier when traceability of the product is not a
requirement. The goods will have been manufactured to
a product of uniform cross section along its whole comply with the conditions and requirements of the purchaser
length (other than round, square, rectangular or in accordance with the supplier’s quality control procedures.
regular polygonal), usually supplied in straight The goods may not themselves have been tested before
lengths delivery.
b) Certificate of conformity. This is normally supplied with
NOTE 1 The term “profile” is synonymous with “section”. material for which the purchaser has requested traceability to
NOTE 2 The term “bar” is often used to denote a rod of a manufacturing batch. The certificate is issued on the basis
comparatively large cross section and especially heavy of tests, requested by the purchaser, having been carried out
rectangular cross section. on the manufacturing batch from which the material supplied
has been taken.
© BSI 11-1998 1
BS 2874:1986
NOTE Rods and sections in the copper alloys C 112, C 113, 9 Freedom from hydrogen
CC 101 and CC 102 are supplied in the TH condition only. To
achieve the properties given in Table 2, the rods and sections are embrittlement (applicable to copper
normally cold worked after solution treatment and before C 103 only)
precipitation hardening. The cold working may exceptionally
follow the precipitation hardening or may even be omitted, at the When tested in accordance with BS 5899, rods and
discretion of the manufacturer. sections in copper C 103 shall show no evidence of
During subsequent processing operations, including final
assembly of finished components, the purchaser should avoid
cracking when the stressed surface is examined
heating these rods and sections above the following with the unaided eye, corrected for normal vision if
temperatures: necessary, thus indicating freedom from hydrogen
embrittlement.
C 112 copper-cobalt-beryllium 500 °C
C 113 copper-nickel-phosphorus 475 °C
The test pieces shall be of a convenient length and of
either the full cross section of the material or a
CC 101 copper-chromium 500 °C
convenient thickness or diameter not greater
CC 102 copper-chromium-zirconium 525 °C.
than 12 mm. Any edges shall be rounded or
These temperature maxima are given for information only; they
are based on the lowest temperature that, if maintained for 2 h, smoothed. Test pieces not of the full cross section
would give a reduction in hardness equivalent to 20 % of the shall contain part of the original surface of the
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2 © BSI 11-1998
BS 2874:1986
12 Expression of results Should all of the further samples pass the test, the
stress relieved batch shall be deemed to comply with
The results obtained from analysis and tensile tests
the requirements of this standard for freedom from
shall be rounded to the last place of figures specified
residual stress and shall then be subjected to all the
as limits by the application of the rounding rule in
mechanical tests called for on the purchase order.
accordance with BS 1957 (see appendix C). Should any one of the further samples fail the test,
the stress relieved batch shall be deemed not to
13 Retests comply with this standard.
13.1 Tensile test 13.3 Dezincification resistance test
Should any one of the test pieces fail the tensile test Should any of the test pieces fail the dezincification
(see appendix E), two further samples from the resistance test (see appendix G), two further
same batch shall be permitted to be selected for samples from the same batch shall be selected for
testing. One of these samples shall be taken from testing. One of these further samples shall be from
the same length of rod or section as that from which the same length of rod, or section, as that from
the original failed test sample was taken, unless which the original failed test sample was taken,
that length had been withdrawn by the supplier. unless that length of rod or section has been
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Should both of the further samples pass the tensile withdrawn by the supplier.
test, the batch represented shall be deemed to Should both the further samples pass the
comply with the tensile property requirements of dezincification resistance test, the batch
this standard. Should either of the further samples represented shall be deemed to comply with the
fail the tensile test, the batch represented shall be dezincification resistance requirements of this
deemed not to comply with this standard. standard. Should either of the further samples fail
NOTE If a batch of rods or sections in copper or copper the test, the batch represented shall be deemed not
alloy C 112, C 113, CC 101, CC 102 or CZ 132 O condition fails
the tensile test when retested, the supplier has the option to
to comply with this standard.
further heat treat the whole batch and resubmit the batch for all NOTE If a batch of rods or sections or CZ 132 O condition fails
the tests called for on the order. the dezincification resistance test when retested, the supplier has
the option to further heat treat the whole batch and resubmit the
13.2 Mercurous nitrate test batch for all the tests called for on the order.
Should any one of the test pieces fail the mercurous
nitrate test (see appendix F), the batch of rods or
sections represented by the failed test piece shall be
permitted to be retested after the whole batch has
been subjected to a stress relieving treatment.
Further samples shall be selected from the stress
relieved batch in accordance with 11.2.
© BSI 11-1998 3
Table 1 — Chemical composition, tolerance group and mechanical properties of coppers
4
BS 2874:1986
Material group for tolerances
BS Material Chemical composition Mechanical properties Nearest
designation ISO
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Condition
and
incl.
C 106 Phosphorus I 99.85 0.01 0.010 0.030 0.10 0.05 0.01 — 0.013- Se+Te0.020 0.0030 0.06 (excl. O 6 — 210 min. 33 Cu-DHP
deoxidized min. 0.050 0.010 Ag, As Ni
non- (incl. and P)
arsenical Ag) M 6 — 230 min. 13
copper
NOTE For essential alloying elements, limits are in bold type. Unless otherwise stated, figures in the total impurities column include those that are not in bold type. Unless otherwise indicated, all single limits are maxima.
© BSI 11-1998
Licensed Copy: KEO International, KEO International, 12 August 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
Table 2 — Chemical composition, tolerance group and mechanical properties of alloyed coppers
© BSI 11-1998
M 6 50 260 — 8
50 — 240 — 8
C 112 Copper- II Rem. Ni+Fe — — — 2.0– 0.4– — — 0.10 — 0.2 — — 0.05 TH — — 690 — 9 CuCo2Be
cobalt- 0.5 2.8 0.7 (excluding
beryllium Fe, Ni
and Si)
CC 101 Copper- II Rem. 0.02 0.01 — 0.3– — — — 0.001 0.08 0.002 0.2 0.08 0.008 0.05 TH — 25 410 — 15 CuCr1
chromium 1.4 (excluding 25 — 370 — 15
Fe, Si
and S)
CC 102 Copper- II Rem. 0.02 0.01 — 0.5– — — 0.02– 0.001 0.08 0.002 0.2 — 0.008 0.05 TH — 25 410 — 15 CuCr1Zr
chromium- 1.4 0.2 (excluding 25 — 370 — 15
zirconium Fe and Si)
NOTE For essential alloying elements, limits are in bold type. Unless otherwise stated, figures in the total impurities column include those that are not in bold type. Unless otherwise
indicated, all single limits are maxima.
BS 2874:1986
5
Table 3 — Chemical composition, tolerance group and mechanical properties of brasses
6
BS 2874:1986
BS Material Material Chemical composition Mechanical properties Nearest ISO
designation group for Cu Sn Pb Fe Al Mn As Ni Si Zn Total Conditio Size Tensile 02 % Elongation designation
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CZ 114 High tensile II 56.5– 0.2– 0.5– 0.3– 1.5 0.5– — — — Rem. 0.5 M 6 18 460 270 12 CuZn39
brass 58.5 0.8 1.5 1.0 2.0 (excluding 18 40 440 250 15 AlFeMn
Al) 40 80 440 210 18
H 6 40 520 290 12
CZ 115 High tensile II 56.5– 0.2– 0.5– 0.3– 0.1 0.5– — — — Rem. 0.5 M 6 18 460 250 12 CuZn39
brass 58.5 0.8 1.5 1.0 2.0 18 80 440 210 15 AlFeMn
(restricted
aluminium)
HS 6 40 520 290 12
40 60 500 240 14
60 80 450 210 18
CZ 116 High tensile III 64.0– — — 0.25– 4.0– 0.3– — — — Rem. 0.5 M 6 18 650 370 10
brass 68.0 1.2 5.0 2.0 18 40 620 340 12
40 — 580 300 15
Cu 2 % Pb 40 80 380 — 25
80 — 350 — 25
NOTE For essential alloying elements, limits are in bold type. Unless otherwise stated, figures in the total impurities column include those that are not in bold type. Unless otherwise indicated, all single limits
are maxima.
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1
/2H 6.0 12 — 25 340 160 9
1/
2 H 6.0 12 25 150 310 105 12
1
/2H 12 50 — 50 310 105 18
1
/2H 12 50 50 150 280 95 18
1
/2H 50 — 50 100 280 95 18
NOTE For essential alloying elements, limits are in bold type. Unless otherwise stated, figures in the total impurities column include those that are not in bold type. Unless otherwise indicated, all single
limits are maxima.
BS 2874:1986
7
Table 3 — Chemical composition, tolerance group and mechanical properties of brasses
8
BS 2874:1986
BS Material Material Chemical composition Mechanical properties Nearest ISO
designation group for Cu Sn Pb Fe Al Mn As Ni Si Zn Total Condition Size Tensile 0.2% proof Elongation designation
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CZ 129 Leaded brass I 58.5– — 0.8– 0.2 — — — — — Rem. 0.5 M 6 18 380 — 25 CuZn39
60 % Cu 1 % Pb 61.0 1.5 18 40 380 — 25 Pb1
40 80 350 — 28
80 — 350 — 28
CZ 130 Leaded brass I 55.5– — 2.5– — 0.5 — — — — Rem. 0.7 M 6 — 350 — 20 CuZn43
for sections 57.5 3.5 (excluding Pb2
AI)
CZ 132 Dezincification I Rem. 0.2 1.7– 0.2 — — 0.08– — — 35.0– 0.5 O 6 — 280 — 30
resistant brass 2.8 0.15 37.0
M 6 18 380 — 20
18 40 350 — 22
40 80 350 — 25
CZ 133 Naval brass II 59.0– 0.50– 0.20 0.10 — — — — — Rem. 0.4 M 6 18 400 170 20
(uninhibited) 62.0 1.0 18 40 350 150 25
CZ 134 Naval brass II 59.0– 0.50– 1.3– 0.10 — — — — — Rem. 0.2 M 6 18 400 170 15
(high leaded) 62.0 1.0 2.2 18 40 350 150 20
CZ 135 High tensile III 57.0– 0.3 0.8 0.5 1.0– 1.5– — 0.2 0.3– Rem. 0.5 M 6 40 550 270 12 CuZn37Mn3
brass with 60.0 2.0 3.5 1.3 (excluding Al2Si
silicon) Sn, Pb, Fe
and Ni)
NS 101 Leaded 10 % II 44.0– — 1.0– 0.4 — 0.2– — 9.0– Rem. 0.3 M 6 80 460 — 8 CuNi10
nickel brass 47.0 2.5 0.5 11.0 (excluding Zn42Pb2
Fe)
NOTE For essential alloying elements, limits are in bold type. Unless otherwise stated, figures in the total impurities column include those that are not in bold type. Unless otherwise indicated, all single limits
are maxima.
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Table 4 — Chemical composition, tolerance group and mechanical properties of bronzes and copper nickel alloys
© BSI 11-1998
CA 107 Copper- III Rem. 0.10 0.05a 0.5– 6.0– 0.10 — 0.10 2.0– 0.40 — — 0.5 M 6 40 520 270 20 CuAl7Si2
aluminium-
silicon 0.7 6.4 2.4 40 — 520 230 20
½H 6 18 630 350 10
18 40 600 310 12
40 — 550 250 15
CN 102 90/10 copper- III Rem. — 0.01 1.00– — 0.50– — 10.0– — — 0.05 0.05 0.30 M 6 — 280 — 27 CuNi10
nickel-iron 2.00 1.00 11.0 Fe1Mn
CN 107 70/30 copper- III Rem. — 0.01 0.40– — 0.50– — 30.0– — — 0.08 0.06 0.30 M 6 — 310 — 27 CuNi30
nickel-iron 1.00 1.50 32.0 Mn1Fe
PB 102 5 % phosphor III Rem. 4.0– 0.02 0.1 — — 0.02– 0.3 — 0.30 — — 0.5 M 6 18 500 410 12 CuSn5
bronze (copper- 5.5 0.40 18 40 460 380 12
tin-phosphorus)
40 60 380 320 16
60 80 350 250 18
80 100 320 200 20
100 120 280 120 22
120 — 260 80 25
PB 104 8 % phosphor III Rem. 7.5– 0.05 0.1 — — 0.02– 0.3 — 0.30 — — 0.3 M 6 18 550 400 15 CuSn8
bronze (copper- 9.0 0.40 18 40 500 360 18
tin-phosphorus)
40 80 450 300 20
BS 2874:1986
NOTE For essential alloying elements, limits are in bold type. Unless otherwise stated, figures in the total impurities column include those that are not in bold type. Unless otherwise
indicated, all single limits are maxima.
a
For welding, lead to be 0.01 max.
9
BS 2874:1986
Table 5 — Dimensional tolerances for round Table 6 — Dimensional tolerances for square
rod in material groups I and II rod in material groups I and II
Specified diameter Close tolerance Normal Width across flats Close tolerance Normal
tolerance tolerance
Over Up to and Group I Group II Groups I Over Up to and Group I Group II Groups I
including and II including and II
mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm
10 © BSI 11-1998
BS 2874:1986
Table 10 — Nominal batch sizes (masses) for sampling of rods and sectionsa
Nominal batch size (mass)
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© BSI 11-1998 11
Appendix A Designations, nominal compositions and product forms specified for alloys in the BS 2870 to
12
BS 2874:1986
BS 2875 series
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Designations, nominal compositions and product forms specified for alloys in the BS 2870 to BS 2875 series are given in Table 11.
Table 11 — Designations, nominal compositions and product forms specified for alloys in the BS 2870 to BS 2875 series
BS Material description Nominal composition Specified in BS Nearest
designation 2870 2871 2872 2873 2874 2875 ISO designation
Pt 1 Pt 2 Pt 3
C 101 Electrolytic, tough pitch high conductivity 99.90 % min. Cu Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Cu-ETP
copper
C 102 Fire refined, tough pitch high conductivity 99.90 % min. Cu Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Cu-FRHC
copper
C 103 Oxygen free, high conductivity copper 99.95 % min. Cu Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Cu-OF
C 104 Tough pitch non-arsenical copper 99.85 % min. Cu Ï Ï Cu-FRTP
C 105 Tough pitch arsenical copper 99.20 % min. Cu, 0.4 % As Ï
C 106 Phosphorus deoxidized, non-arsenical copper 99.85 % min. Cu, 0.04 % P Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Cu-DHP
C 107 Phosphorus deoxidized, arsenical copper 99.20 % min. Cu, 0.4 % Ï Ï
As, 0.04 % P
C 108 Copper-cadmium Cu-0.8 % Cd Ï Ï CuCd1
C 109 Copper-tellurium Cu-0.5 % Te Ï CuTe
C 111 Copper-sulphur Cu-0.4 % S Ï Ï CuS
C 112 Copper-cobalt-beryllium Cu-2.4 % Co, 0.5 % Be Ï Ï CuCo2Be
C 113 Copper-nickel-phosphorus Cu-1.0 % Ni, 0.2 % P Ï Ï
NOTE The product forms indicated take account of the alloys to be included in the revisions of BS 2871:1971/72 and BS 2872:1969, which are in preparation.
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Table 11 — Designations, nominal compositions and product forms specified for alloys in the BS 2870 to BS 2875 series
© BSI 11-1998
BS 2874:1986
CZ 123 60/40 brass, low lead 60 % Cu, 0.5 % Pb, remainder Zn Ï Ï Ï CuZn40Pb
CZ 124 Leaded brass, 62 % copper, 3 % lead 62 % Cu, 3 % Pb, remainder Zn Ï CuZn36Pb3
CZ 125 Cap copper 96 % Cu, remainder Zn Ï CuZn5
CZ 126 Special 70/30 arsenical brass 70 % Cu, 0.04 % As, remainder Zn Ï Ï CuZn30As
13
Table 11 — Designations, nominal compositions and product forms specified for alloys in the BS 2870 to BS 2875 series
14
BS 2874:1986
BS Material description Nominal composition Specified in BS Nearest
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NS 101 Leaded, 10 % nickel brass 45 % Cu, 10 % Ni, 2 % Pb, 0.3 % Mn, Ï CuNi10Zn42Pb2
remainder Zn
NS 103 10 % nickel silver 63 % Cu, 10 % Ni, 0.2 % Mn, remainder Zn Ï Ï CuNi10Zn27
NS 104 12 % nickel silver 63 % Cu, 12 % Ni, 0.2 % Mn, remainder Zn Ï Ï CuNi12Zn24
NS 105 15 % nickel silver 63 % Cu, 15 % Ni, 0.2 % Mn, remainder Zn Ï Ï CuNi15Zn21
NS 106 18 % nickel silver 63 % Cu, 18 % Ni, 0.2 % Mn, remainder Zn Ï Ï CuNi18Zn20
NS 107 18 % nickel silver (low copper) 55 % Cu, 18 % Ni, 0.2 % Mn, remainder Zn Ï Ï CuNi18Zn27
NS 108 20 % nickel silver 63 % Cu, 20 % Ni, 0.3 % Mn, remainder Zn Ï
NS 109 25 % nickel silver 57 % Cu, 25 % Ni, 0.5 % Mn, remainder Zn Ï
NS 111 Leaded 10 % nickel silver 60 % Cu, 10 % Ni, 1.5 % Pb, 0.3 % Mn, Ï CuNi10Zn28Pb1
remainder Zn
Ï Ï
PB 104 8 % phosphor bronze Cu-8 % Sn, 0.2 % P Ï CuSn8
BS 2874:1986
Appendix C The rounding of numbers a) If the figure immediately after the last figure to
rule be retained is less than five, the last figure to be
retained should be kept unchanged.
For the purposes of determining compliance with b) if the figure immediately after the last figure to
compositional limits and mechanical properties (not be retained is either greater than five, or equal to
dimensional tolerances), an observed value or a five and followed by at least one figure other than
calculated value obtained from the analysis or test zero, the last figure to be retained should be
is rounded to the same number of decimal places as increased by one.
used in the relevant standard in expressing the
specified limit. The following rules, based those c) If the figure immediately after the last figure to
given in BS 1957, should be used for rounding. be retained is equal to five and followed by zeros
only, the last figure to be retained should be left
unchanged if even and increased by one if odd.
© BSI 11-1998 15
BS 2874:1986
16 © BSI 11-1998
BS 2874:1986
of carbonaceous matter and oxide films. testing in such a way that the properties of the
material are unaffected (e.g. by sawing and grinding
Remove the specimen, wash it well in cold water and
with light pressure).
totally immerse it in the mercury (I) nitrate test
solution (F.2.2). Use at least 1.5 mL of test solution For forgings and castings, take one test piece from
for each 100 mm2 of exposed surface of the the area with the thinnest section and one from the
specimen. area with the thickest section.
After 30 min, remove the specimen and wash it well For materials with a specific extrusion or rolling
in cold water. Wipe off excess mercury from the direction (e.g. tube, rod or section), take one test
surface of the specimen and examine the specimen piece to expose a surface parallel to, and the other
immediately for evidence of cracks with the unaided piece to expose a surface perpendicular to, the
eye, corrected for normal vision if necessary. extrusion or rolling direction [see Figure 1(a)]. Cut
test pieces from rod samples in such a way as to
Appendix G Method of test to establish include points midway between the axis and the
periphery.
dezincification resistance of material
designated CZ 132 For each test piece ensure that the area to be
exposed to the test solution is
G.1 Principle approximately 100 mm2. If the size of the
component or the cross section of the rod to be tested
The susceptibility of a brass specimen to is too small to provide test areas of this size, take the
dezincification is determined by immersing the largest possible test area.
specimen in a controlled test solution for a fixed
Embed the test pieces in the mounting
time, followed by microscopic examination of
medium (G.3.4) and grind the test surface using
sections of the specimen to measure the depth of
successively finer grades of wet abrasive
dezincification that has occurred.
paper (G.3.5), finishing with 500 grade or finer.
G.2 Reagents G.4.2 Exposure of samples to the test solution
G.2.1 Test solution, Copper (II) chloride solution Clean the test surfaces with ethanol or
prepared by the following method. Dissolve 12.7 g methanol (G.2.2). Place a beaker (G.3.3) containing
CuCl2·2H2 O (analytical quality) in distilled or fresh test solution (G.2.1) in the water bath or oil
demineralized water and dilute to 1 000 mL. Mix bath (G.3.2). Maintain the temperature of the test
well. solution during the entire exposure at 75 ± 3 °C.
Use at least 250 mL of test solution for
G.2.2 Ethanol or methanol, for cleaning test pieces.
each 100 mm2 of exposed test piece surface.
G.3 Apparatus Place the test pieces in the beaker (G.3.3)
containing the test solution in such a way that the
G.3.1 Optical microscope with scale, to provide a
test surface is vertical and at least 15 mm above the
suitable magnification (a combination of × 100
bottom of the beaker. Do not test different alloys
and × 500 is satisfactory) and a method of
simultaneously in the same beaker.
measurement of dezincification depth.
NOTE An eyepiece graticule calibrated using a stage graticule
is satisfactory.
© BSI 11-1998 17
BS 2874:1986
After 24 h, remove the test pieces from the beaker Using the microscope (G.3.1), examine the
and wash in distilled or demineralized water to microsection prepared from each test area and
remove residual test solution from the surface. record the depth of dezincification, adjusting the
G.4.3 Preparation of microsections for degree of magnification to ensure the greatest
examination accuracy. Examine a total length of section of 5 mm
for each of the test pieces (10 mm for rod
Resection each of the test pieces in the mount at over 25 mm diameter). If this is not possible, due to
right angles to the exposed test surface the dimensions of the test area, examine the
[see Figure 1(b)]. Embed each of these test piece maximum possible length of the section and record
sections in the mounting medium (G.3.4) such that this length when reporting the results.
the resectioned surface can be examined
NOTE In some cases there is a greater depth of dezincification
[see Figure 1(c)]. Grind the surfaces of these along the line of the interface between the mounting material and
microsections using successively finer grades of wet the brass during exposure to the test solution (edge effect).
abrasive paper (G.3.5), finishing with 500 grade, or Ensure that the measurement of the maximum depth of
dezincification is at a sufficient distance from this interface for
finer. edge effects to be negligible.
G.4.4 Examination of microsections and
recording of dezincification depth
Licensed Copy: KEO International, KEO International, 12 August 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
18 © BSI 11-1998
BS 2874:1986
Publications referred to
© BSI 11-1998
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