3

stress within words • prefixes

A Discussthese questions.
1 When do you use ICT or see ICT being used around you in your everyday life?
2 What are the benefits of ICTto your life?
3 Are there any disadvantages?
alarm application automated
B Study the pictures on the opposite page. biometric control device global
1 What aspects of life do they show? Talk machine monitoring online passport
about each picture using words from box a. positioning protocol receiver
(You will not need all the words.)
remote system teller wireless
2 How does each item work?

C Look at the words in box a.

1 Underline the stressed syllable in each word.
2 Which of these words has the same stress pattern as global?
3 Sort the other words into groups according to their stress patterns.

D Complete each sentence with a word from box a. Change the form if necessary.
1 The system went off when someone tried to break into the house.
2 You need a personal identification number (PIN) to take money out of the _
teller machine.
3 The microchip in a biometric contains information about an individual,
such as their fingerprints or a face scan.
4 __ shopping is a convenient way to buy things, but many people worry about
Internet fraud.
5 Global systems use signals from satellites to triangulate their position. This
information can then be displayed in map form to help drivers travel from one place to another.
6 Use the remote to select the channel you want to watch.
7 Body function . devices give information which doctors can use to treat a
patient's condition.
SWAP phones use wireless protocol.

E Study the words in box b. Find the prefix and try to work out the meaning in each case.

automated binary embed output predecessor

automation bidirectional encode outsource preformat
automaton biannual enable outline preprogram

F Complete each sentence with a word from box b. Change the form if necessary.
1 Manufacturing processes which are controlled by computers are said to be _
2 A system uses only two numbers, '1' and '0'.
3 Laser printers and VDU screens are examples of __ ___ devices.
4 The latest computers are much faster than their __
5 Most of today's washing machines have ICT systems.

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-------------------------------------------..,., ....,~"ftV'uu ...-.V.. ..,-V~I................. - .'.,.... ------

D' ~~.
:\~~
. .'

-~ - - -- _. ~ - - - _.:::

23
 preparing for a lecture· predicting lecture content • making notes

Study the handout on the right from a lecture about ICT

systems.
!)IHADFORD University
1 What do you expect to hear in the lecture? Make a list
of points. Faculty: icr
2 Write down some key words you expect to hear. Lecture: Introduction to ICTsystems
3 Check the pronunciation of the key words, with other
students or with a dictionary. ..~ I
4 How are you going to prepare for this lecture?
'-_-----:------= A«.,,"CD'Nf'Y

g Listen to Part 1 of the lecture.

1 What exactly is the lecturer going to talk about today?
Tick the topic(s) you heard.
• how people use ICT systems
• communications systems
• what ICT systems are
• what ICT systems do
• different types of computers
2 What does the lecturer give definitions of?
3 What is a good way to organize notes for this lecture?

g Listen to Part 2 of the lecture.

1 What is the main idea of this section?
2 What example of an information system does the
lecturer give?
3 What does a control system do?
4 What three examples of communication channels does
the lecturer mention?
5 What do you expect to hear in. the next part of the
n=-~
-l .. ·.. _-~--_;o.-k- ~,' fo' " -.._ ,-~

Super.narJcet Deliver --- ..... -

lecture? o""''''~''''~
- - . - . - - --

g Listen to Part 3 of the lecture.

1 How could you write notes for this part?
2 What two components of ICT systems are discussed
and what are their definitions?

g Listen to Part 4 of the lecture.

1 Check your definitions of the two components.
2 What is the research task?

F g Listen and say whether these sentences are true or false according to the lecture.
1 23___ 4 5 _ 6 _

Look at the pictures in the Hadford University lecture handout.

1 What does each picture show?
2 Ask and answer questions about each item.

24
 stress within words • using information sources • reporting research findings

A "Listen to some stressed syllables. Identify the word below in each case. Number each word.
Example:
You hear: 1 lee /lek/ You write:
application database management
automated electrical process
binary embedded regulate
communicate function satellite
component information storage
control instruction system

B Where is the stress in each multi-syllable word in

Exercise A?
1 Mark the stress.
2 Practise saying each word.

C Work in pairs or groups. Define one of the words in

Exercise A. The other student(s) must find and say the
correct word.

D Look at the items in the photos on the right.

1 Decide whether the I(T systems shown are input
devices (I), output devices (0) or storage devices (5).
2 Say what each item is used for.
3 How many other items can you add to each of the
three categories?

Item 1/015
I Flash drive 5 Portable memory
. device

~ HADFORD University
Before you attend a lecture you should do some research.
1 How could you research the lecture topics on the right? Faculty: icr
2 What information should you record? Encoding data

3 How could you record the information? 2 Microprocessors: a brief history

3 Data processing
F You are going to do some research on a particular lecture
topic. You must find: 4 Computers of the future: quantum
computing
1 a dictionary definition
2 an encyclopedia explanation
3 a useful Internet site

Student A Student B
• Do some research on encoding data. • Do some research on data processing .
• Tell your partner about your findings. • Tell your partner about your findings.

25
 asking for information • reporting information

A You are going to listen to a continuation of the lecture in Lesson 3.2.

1 Make a list of points from that lecture.
2 What is the lecturer going to talk about today? (Clue: Lesson 3.2. research task)
3 g Listen to the end of the last lecture again and check your ideas.
4 Report your findings from the research task in Lesson 3.3, Exercise F.

B Look at the slides for today's lecture on the opposite page.

1 What is shown in Slide 1?
2 What is shown in Slides 2 and 3?
3 What does the system in Slides 2 and 3 do?

C "Listen to Part 1 of today's lecture.

1 What are the three stages that data goes through?
2 What is the difference between data and information?
3 What is the best way to make notes from this lecture? Prepare a page in your notebook.

D g Listen to Part 2 of the lecture. Make notes. If necessary, ask other students for information.

E What is the lecturer going to talk about next?

1 "Listen to the beginning of Part 3 and check your ideas.
2 "Now listen to the rest of the lecture. Make notes. If necessary, ask other students for
information.

F Match the words and definitions.

1 device D a move information from one place to another
2 instruction D b a set of connected devices which work together
3 decode D c one of a number of parts that form something bigger
4 transmit D d a continuous process with no beginning or end
5 control (v) D e an order to do something
6 component D f regulate or instruct something
7 cycle D 9 change from a coded form to a recognizable form
8 system [Q] h an object invented to perform a function

G Draw and label a simple diagram of a control system cycle. Working with a partner, explain your
diagram, using some words and definitions from Exercise F.

H Think of a word from this unit for each definition in the blue box.

a binary digit information without a context change information into data

a small device which acts on input data

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 S'IRTRODUCTIOII TO ICT SYSTEMS

Data capture 1..............................................

I
•
Data storage and processing
I

I •
Data output 1

Data
information
• I
Data
system I r

Slide 1

Valve opened to
let out water

Sensor detects water Water level falls

level is too high too low

Valve opened to let Sensor detects level

water in is too low

Slide 2

450 m ---,-----
Flood control zone. • __ Floodgate valve
400 m :t

Minimum level
200m-

Control valveJ

Floodgotes

Floodgates
Woter level
sensor

Slide 3 This diagram shows a control program for a hydroelectric dam.

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 Stress within words
Nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs are called content words because
they carry the meaning in a sentence.

One-syllable words
Some content words have one syllable or sound. This is always stressed.
Examples: 'screen, 'text, 'mouse

1\No-syllable words
Some content words have two syllables. Two-syllable nouns and adjectives
are often stressed on the first syllable. Two-syllable verbs are often stressed
on the second syllable.
Examples: Exceptions:
Nouns 'data, 'storage Nouns de'vice, ma'chine, re'sult
Adjectives 'modern, 'central Adjectives u'nique, se'cure
Verbs in'stall, con'trol Verbs 'program, 'input

Multi-syllable words
Some content words have three or more syllables. Multi-syllable words are
normally stressed three syllables from the end.
Example:
000 0000 00000

This is true for most words ending in:

-izei-ise 'authorize, 'summarise
-sis a'nalysis
-ete 'automate, 'regulate
-ify 'classify, 'specify
-icet 'physical, nu'merice!
-ity u'tility, a'bility
-uler par'ticular, 'regular
-al 'decimal, con'tinual
-ology metho'dology
-cy e'fficiency

Exceptions:
Multi-syllable words ending in the following letters are normally stressed
two syllables from the end.

-ic auto'matic, bio'metric

-ion appli'cation, con 'version
-ent com'ponent, e'fficient
-tiel diffe'rential

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Getting information from other people
From the lecturer
We can sometimes ask a lecturer questions at the end of a lecture.
Introduce each question in a polite or tentative way.
Examples:
Could you go over the bit about data storage again?
I didn't quite understand what you said about encoding data.
I wonder if you could repeat the four hardware components, please.
Would you mind giving the definition of an embedded system again?

From other students

It is a good idea to ask other students after a lecture for information to
complete your notes.
Examples:
What did the lecturer say about applications software?
Why did she say that leT systems can be embedded or general purpose?
I didn't get the bit about the difference between systems software and
applications software.

Be polite!
It sometimes sounds impolite to ask people a direct question. We often add
a polite introduction.
Examples:
How do computers store data?
-+ (polite) Do you know how computers store data?
What does 'encode' mean?
-+ (polite) Can you remember what 'encode' means?
What is trilateration?
-+ (polite) Could you tell me something about 'trileteretion'?

Reporting information to other people

We often have to report research findings to a tutor or other students in a
seminar. Make sure you can give:
• sources - books, articles, writers, publication dates
• quotes - in the writer's own words
• summary findings - in your own words

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