Student ID:

Richelle Adams
Q1 Q2 Q3 Total
20 70 10 100

ECNG 2001 Communication Systems I (Semester II 2015/2016)

Midterm (10%)
Friday 04 March 2016
Please show ALL working

1
Question 1 (20 marks)

The signals s1 (t), s2 (t), s3 (t), . . . , sN (t) comprise an orthonormal set. A signal f (t) can be
expressed as a weighted sum of these signals s1 (t), s2 (t), s3 (t), . . . , sN (t), so that
N
X
f (t) = wi si (t) (1)
i=1

where wi is a scalar for i = 1, 2, . . . , N .

(a) In mathematical terms, what is meant by an “orthonormal” set of signals.

(5 marks)
q q
(b) Let us say, that s3 (t) = T2 sin(6πf0 t) and s5 (t) = T2 cos(10πf0 t), where T is the period
of f (t) and f0 is the fundamental frequency of f (t). Show that these two signals are
indeed orthonormal to each other.

(5 marks)

(c) If f (t) is as given in Figure 1, then determine the contributions of s3 (t) and s5 (t) to
f (t). In other words, determine the weight w3 and w5 . It should be noted that f (t) is
periodic.

(10 marks)

2
3
Figure 1
Question 2 (70 marks)

A baseband signal vm (t) shown in Figure 2 can be expressed as in Eq.( 2).

3 3
20.2k cos(2πkf0 t) + 3(1−0.1k) sin(2πkf0 t)
X X
vm (t) = 12 + (2)
k=1 k=1

where f0 is the fundamental frequency of the signal. This signal is made to pass through
a filter with transfer function as in Eq.( 3). Denote the signal at the output of the filter as
vo (t).

1
H(s) = (3)
as2 +s+1
where a = 6.33 × 10−7

(a) Plot the magnitude spectrum and phase spectrum of vm (t). Please annotate the plot
with the appropriate values of magnitude and phase.

(5 marks)

(b) Determine the power and bandwidth of vm (t).

(5 marks)

(c) Plot the magnitude spectrum and phase spectrum of vo (t). Please annotate the plot
with the appropriate values of magnitude and phase.

(15 marks)

(d) What is the time-domain expression for vo (t).

(5 marks)

4
5
Figure 2
(e) The unfiltered message signal, vm (t) amplitude-modulates a carrier signal vc (t) = 2 cos(50000πt)
using Standard Amplitude Modulation (AM).

(i) Neatly sketch and fully annotate the amplitude modulated wave in the time domain.
(10 marks)
(ii) Derive, sketch and fully annotate the magnitude spectrum of the Standard AM
wave.
(10 marks)
(iii) What is the bandwidth and power of the standard AM wave.
(5 marks)
(iv) At the receiver, a synchronous detector is used to demodulate the Standard AM
wave. However, the local oscillator frequency is 25020 Hz. Draw the magnitude
spectrum of the demodulated wave.
(15 marks)

6
Question 3 (10 marks)

Derive and sketch the magnitude spectrum of the Single Sideband Amplitude Modulated
(SSB-AM) carrier when the phasing method is used and the input baseband signal is of
the form f (t) = a20 + ∞ a0
P
k=1 ck cos(2πkf0 t + θk ) where 2 and ck (for k = 1, 2, 3, . . .) are
constants and f0 is the fundamental frequency. NOTE: the unmodulated carrier signal
vc (t) = Vc cos(2πfc t)

(10 marks)