PRESENTATION (THEORY)

(SPEAKING FOR FORMAL)

Arranged by:
GROUP 2
Dwi astuti zebua
Elfin kurnia telaumbanua
Ester zebua
Innes Lestari Zebua (202108037)

Class/ Sem : B/2

INSTITUT KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN

(IKIP)
GUNUNG SITOLI
Preface

Thanks and praise we Presence to God Almighty, because of His blessings and Mercy
we were able to complete a paper with the title “Presentation (theory).

Thanks to the lecturer who took the time to read and assess this paper. And to all those
who have helped in completing this paper, both prayer support and encouragement and
experience in the completion process

In preparing this paper, the author realizes that the author's knowledge and experience
is still very limited, there are many deficiencies in the writing of this paper. Therefore, the
authors really expect criticism and suggestions from various parties in order to complete this
paper so, this paper becomes better and useful in the future.

Gunung sitoli 3rd March 2021

Group 2
Table of content

PRESENTATION (THEORY)................................................................................................................ 1
(SPEAKING FOR FORMAL)....................................................................................................................... 1
............................................................................................................................................................ 1
Preface.................................................................................................................................................... 2
Table of content...................................................................................................................................... 3
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 Background................................................................................................................................... 4
1.3 Problem Solving Methods............................................................................................................ 4
CHAPTER 2 CONTENT.............................................................................................................................. 5
A. Defenition of presentation.......................................................................................................... 5
B. TYPES OF PRESENTATION............................................................................................................ 5
C. The steps of presentation........................................................................................................... 6
D. Presentation in formal and informal situation............................................................................ 7
a) Formal Presentations.............................................................................................................. 7
b) Informal Presentations........................................................................................................... 8
CHAPTER 3 Closing................................................................................................................................ 10
Conclusion............................................................................................................................................ 10

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Presentation is an activity that is always carried out in the life of the world of science.
The presentation activity is useful for the dissemination of scientific information, both
research information using reliable references, as well as information on application
knowledge of a popular scientific nature. Such presentations are more applicable to the
campus world which is carried out by students who are currently studying. The students are
always in touch with the world of research and data searches that require presentation.
Therefore, presentations for students are a basic requirement. Students need to train
themselves in making the presentation so that they are able to compile a presentation
discussion with the help of information technology, be able to present it, and also be able to
revise it based on the feedback from the participants.

Language skills include four basic components, namely listening, speaking, reading, and
writing. These four skills are acquired gradually and regularly and are related to one another.

Although this speaking skill has been acquired by everyone as a child, the student's need
for speaking ability cannot be ignored. Presentation can be aligned with speaking. The
student's need to speak is more oriented to the process of oral presentation or presentation as
a medium for conveying an idea. Proficiency in presentation does not only require the use of
good and fluent language but also requires other requirements, for example: truth, calm
attitude, ability to react quickly and accurately, ability to present ideas smoothly and
regularly, as well as indecision and motion awkwardness. . Along with the development, that
presentation has become one of the needs of students. The reason is that in addition to
students having to be able to express their thoughts, ideas, and scientific attitudes into various
forms of quality scientific work, they must also be able to present scientific works written in
front of forums according to the criteria of good presentation.

1.2 Problem Formulation

The formulations of the problems that will be discussed in this paper are:

1.What is the meaning of presentation?

2. What are types of presentation

3. what are the steps of presentation?

4.what the different of formal and informal presentation?

1.3 Problem Solving Methods

The method used to solve this problem is by conducting reviews on several sources and
selecting the source that is considered the most appropriate and making it the main reference
for the preparation of this paper.

CHAPTER 2 CONTENT
A. Defenition of presentation
A presentation is the process of communicating a topic to an audience. It is typically a
demonstration, introduction, lecture, or speech meant to inform, persuade, inspire,
motivate, or to build good will or to present a new idea or product. The term can also
be used for a formal or ritualized introduction or offering, as with the presentation of a
debutante. Presentations in certain formats are also known as keynote address
A presentation program is commonly used to generate the presentation content, some
of which also allow presentations to be developed collaboratively, e.g. using the
Internet by geographically disparate collaborators. Presentation viewers can be used
to combine content from different sources into one presentation. Some of the popular
presentation products used across the globe are offered by Apple, Google and
Microsoft.

Microsoft PowerPoint and Google Slides are effective tool to develop slides, though
Google Slides allows groups to work together using Google Drive to update each
account as it is edited. Content such as text, images, links, and effects are added into
each of the presentation programs to deliver useful, consolidated information to a
group.

B. TYPES OF PRESENTATION
1) Providing Information. This format encompasses anything from a team meeting
that gives updates on a project or upcoming event to a demonstration that shows
product functions.

2) Teaching a Skill. Your company just installed a new system or implemented a new
process that requires people to learn how to use the new tool and apply the process.

3) Reporting Progress. As you integrate the new system into your daily routine, your
boss wants to know how it’s working. You might schedule a divisional meeting or
group off-site to share the progress.

4) Selling a Product or Service. A briefing like this might include a recap of the
product or service, next steps and action items, or a discussion of needs and
improvements before the product is ready to sell.
5) Making a Decision. It’s time for the annual holiday party and ideas are being tossed
around the office. When giving your input on the location, make sure to share the
must-haves and nice-to-haves for the event. When it’s time for the final decision, you
can see how your idea stacks up to the other options.

6) Solving a Problem. This could be in a panel setting or other meeting where the
problem is identified, the facts of the problem are presented and a list of causes is
generated. From here, you lay out the ideal outcome, present solutions and discuss
 your recommendation.

With any presentation, know your objectives. If your purpose is to inform or update,
you will most likely use one of the first three types of presentations. On the other
hand, if you’re on a mission to persuade someone, use one of the last three
presentation types. Not every presentation has to mold itself into a traditional
presentation; it can be an interview, status report, program, pitch, speech or
demonstration, for example.

C. The steps of presentation

Step 1: Analyze your audience
The first step in preparing a presentation is to learn more about the audience to whom
you'll be speaking. It's a good idea to obtain some information on the backgrounds,
values, and interests of your audience so that you understand what the audience
members might expect from your presentation.

Step 2: Select a topic

Next, if possible select a topic that is of interest to the audience and to you. It will be
much easier to deliver a presentation that the audience finds relevant, and more
enjoyable to research a topic that is of interest to you.

Step 3: Define the objective of the presentation

Once you have selected a topic, write the objective of the presentation in a single
concise statement. The objective needs to specify exactly what you want your
audience to learn from your presentation. Base the objective and the level of the
content on the amount of time you have for the presentation and the background
knowledge of the audience. Use this statement to help keep you focused as you
research and develop the presentation.

Preparing the Content of Your Presentation

Step 4: Prepare the body of the presentation
After defining the objective of your presentation, determine how much information
you can present in the amount of time allowed. Also, use your knowledge about the
audience to prepare a presentation with the right level of detail. You don't want to plan
a presentation that is too basic or too advanced.
The body of the presentation is where you present your ideas. To present your ideas
convincingly, you will need to illustrate and support them. Strategies to help you do
this include the following:
• Present data and facts
• Read quotes from experts
• Relate personal experiences
• Provide vivid descriptions
And remember, as you plan the body of your presentation it's important to provide
 variety. Listeners may quickly become bored by lots of facts or they may tire of
hearing story after story.

Step 5: Prepare the introduction and conclusion

Once you've prepared the body of the presentation, decide how you will begin and
end the talk. Make sure the introduction captures the attention of your audience and
the conclusion summarizes and reiterates your important points. In other words, "Tell
them what you're going to tell them. Tell them. Then, tell them what you told them."
During the opening of your presentation, it's important to attract the audience's
attention and build their interest. If you don't, listeners will turn their attention
elsewhere and you'll have a difficult time getting it back. Strategies that you can use
include the following:
• Make the introduction relevant to the listeners' goals, values, and needs
• Ask questions to stimulate thinking
• Share a personal experience
• Begin with a joke or humorous story
• Project a cartoon or colorful visual
• Make a stimulating or inspirational statement
• Give a unique demonstration
During the opening you want to clearly present your topic and the purpose of your
presentation. Clearly articulating the topic and purpose will help the listeners focus on
and easily follow your main ideas.
During the conclusion of your presentation, reinforce the main ideas you
communicated. Remember that listeners won't remember your entire presentation,
only the main ideas. By reinforcing and reviewing the main ideas, you help the
audience remember them.
Practicing and Delivering

Step 6: Practice delivering the presentation

Most people spend hours preparing a presentation but very little time practicing it.
When you practice your presentation, you can reduce the number of times you utter
words and phrases like, "um," "well," and "you know." These habits can easily
diminish a speaker's credibility. You can also fine-tune your content to be sure you
make your most important points in the time alloted.

D. Presentation in formal and informal situation

a) Formal Presentations

A presentation is considered formal when you have been asked to share ideas with an
individual or group and you have been given time to prepare. Formal presentations
require a very different approach than presenting to your team during a weekly
meeting.
 -Set clearly defined goals.In order to deliver a successful formal presentation you
need to be very clear about what it is you want your audience to learn. You need to
write down the main points of your presentation and use this as a guide for your
outline.

-Know your audience. Are you presenting in front of 100 people or are you presenting
in front of a smaller group? Are you presenting to managers and executives or are
you presenting to clients? Are you presenting to people who are familiar with the
topic? You must know your audience so you can tailor your presentation to meet their
needs. You might need to include a hand-out for your audience or perhaps an
infographic that summarizes your key points.

-Create an outline. When you are giving a formal presentation it is expected that you
will be well-prepared and well-rehearsed. You have been given time to prepare so
your audience is expecting a well-structured presentation. Therefore, you need to
create an outline of your presentation so you will have an order in which to follow.

-Use visuals. Again, when you have been given time to prepare it is expected that you
will have some visuals for your audience. Formal presentations usually include a
PowerPoint or slideshow of some sort so your audience can follow along.

-Include questions for audience interaction. A formal presentation should engage the
audience. You can end a formal presentation with a Q&A session or you can ask
questions along the way after each point.

-Dress the part.Just as the name implies, a formal presentation requires more formal
dress. Men might wear a suit or tie while women should wear a nice dress or business
suit. You should also always stand during a formal presentation.

b) Informal Presentations

It is fairly common for business meetings to include impromptu presentations. These

types of presentations are usually prepared in a short amount of time and do not
require the same organizational methods as a formal presentation.

-Prepare your material. Your boss might give you just a few hours to put together an
informal presentation but you still need to spend some time jotting down your main
points and a few notes about the topic. While you don’t necessarily need to write a
complete outline, you need to have a clear understanding of your main points.

-Understand the purpose. The purpose of formal presentations is to provide

information to a group of people with a few questions at the end. Informal
presentations, however, are about providing information, listening to the reaction, and
generating a discussion. It becomes more like a conversation and the audience will be
more involved.

-Keep visual aids to a minimum. If you have time to prepare a quick slideshow it
certainly wouldn’t hurt, but informal presentations do not require lengthy visuals. It
would even be acceptable to write on a whiteboard during an informal presentation as
opposed to creating a formal slideshow.

-Consider a hand-out. Formal presentations usually include a slideshow that audience

members can access for reference. However, since you don’t have as much time to
prepare such a formal slideshow, it is usually effective to use a hand-out of some sort
in an informal presentation.

-Interact with your audience. Formal presentations are more about the audience
listening while informal presentations are more about interacting with the audience. It
is perfectly acceptable to generate discussion throughout an informal presentation and
allow the audience to provide input and feedback.

-You can dress more casually. Typically informal presentations do not require the suit
and tie that formal presentations do. You still want to look professional, but men can
ditch the tie and women can wear a more casual dress. It would also be acceptable to
sit or stand during an informal presentation.
CHAPTER 3 Closing

Conclusion
Presentation is the process of communicating a topic to an audience. There are types
of presentation include Providing Information, Teaching a Skill, Reporting Progress,
Selling a Product or Service, Making a Decision and Solving a Problem. And there
step by step you can follow to give a good presentation as follows 1.Analyze your
audience 2.Select a topic and Preparing the Content of Your Presentatio 3.Prepare the
body of the presentation 5.Prepare the introduction and conclusion 5.Practice
delivering the presentation. There are the different of presentation in formal and
informal situation.

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Bonar Sirait, Charles. The Power Public Speaking. 2013. Jakarta: PT Gramedia
Pustaka Utama.
C.Carpio,Rustika. Private and Public Speaking.2005. Jakarta: Yayasan obor
Indonesia dan RBSI INTERNATIONAL.
Race, Phil dan Abuse laliati, Presentation step
www.defenition_of_presentation.
www.type_presentation.
www.presentation_formal_and_informal_situation