Management of OSH

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 Why managing OSH?

• Why managing occupational safety and health

(OSH)?
• Why to use a OSH Management System (MS)?
• ILO-OSH 2001: the ILO response
• ISO 45001
• MS approach in the legislation

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 Why managing OSH?

Management is a process of planning, organizing and control of

all activities to achieve their objectives in an organization.

• Most hazardous conditions can be managed

• Occupational accidents and diseases are preventable

• Proactive approaches are preferred to reactive approaches.

• The main focus and efforts of OSH should be concentrated

on prevention

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 Organization
Responsibility and accountability
CEO

Production Administration HR

Line manager Procurement Contractor

Supervisor Worker Worker

Worker
Planning Organization Control Execution

Management 4
 Organization
Responsibility and accountability

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 Why OSH-MS?
The Systems Approach: Framework
System is a set of interrelated
Training elements with a common purpose.

Policies Review Plan

Planning
Meetings
Check Implement

MANAGEMENT ELEMENTS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

OSHA, U.S. Department of Labor.12

 Why OSH-MS?
Compliance- versus Systems-Thinking
Continuous improvement is a systematic approach seeking the
ongoing improvement of the efficiency and impact of OSH activities.
Compliance?

INPUT OUTPUT
Yes!
STOP

Can we
INPUT OUTPUT improve?

FEEDBACK LOOP OSHA, U.S. Department of Labor. 7

 Why OSH-MS?
Deming Cycle Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA).

OSH-MS: It is a logical, stepwise

method to decide what needs to be done,
how best to do it, monitor progress
toward the established goals, evaluate
how well it is done and identify areas for
improvement.

• Plan = OSH policy; resources and organisation of the system; hazard

identification and risk assessment & planning.
• Do = implementation and operation of the OSH programme.
• Check = measuring the performance of the programme.
• Act = review of the system in the context of continual improvement.
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MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
OF OSH

OSH MANAGEMENT

RISK ASSESSMENT
 ILO-OSH 2001
ILO response

 ILO-OSH 2001
 Unique model

 Compatible with
other OSH-MS
standards
 Action on 2 levels:

– - National level
– - Organisation level

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ILO OSH 2001
Website

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 ILO-OSH 2001 – Translations

• Published in Arabic,
Bulgarian, Czech,
Chinese, English,
Finnish, French,
Japanese, Korean,
Polish, Russian,
Spanish, Thai,
Vietnamese, Hindi,
Hebrew, German, Malay
and Portuguese

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 ILO OSH 2001
Objectives at the national level

a) Establish a national framework for OSH management

systems, preferably backed by national laws and
regulations;
b) provide guidance for the development of voluntary
agreements to strengthen compliance with regulations
and standards that lead to continuous improvement in
OSH performance;
c) Provide guidance on the development of national and
tailored guidelines on OSH management systems to
respond appropriately to the real needs of organizations,
depending on the size and nature of their activities.

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 ILO OSH 2001
National framework on OSH-MS

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 ILO-OSH 2001
Contents
1.- Policy
1.1.- Occupational safety and health
policy
1.2.- Worker participation
2.- Organizing
2.1.-Responsibility and accountability
2.2.- Competence and training
2.3.- Occupational safety and health
management system documentation
2.4.- Communication
3.- Planning and implementation
3.1. Initial review
3.2. System planning, development and
implementation
3.3. Occupational safety and health
objectives
3.4. Hazard prevention
- Prevention and control measures.
- Management of change
- Emergency prevention, preparedness and
response
- Procurement.
- Contracting
4.- Evaluation
4.1.- Performance monitoring and
measurement
4.2.-Investigation of any dangerous
occurrence
4.3.- Audit
4.4.- Management review
5.- Action for improvement
5.1.-Preventive and corrective action
5.2.- . Continual improvement
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 OSH-MS Implementation

Pavan Baichoo, SafeWork, ILO

21/10/2020
Geneva
 ILO-OSH 2001
National experiences

• Ireland (2004), Israel (2005), Brazil (2005) and

Argentina adopted ILO-OSH 2001
• China: National guideline based on ILO-OSH 2001
(2001).
• 11 CIS countries adopted the standard GOST 12.3.230–
2007 based on ILO-OSH 2001
• France: Guide for Auditing (AFAQ/AFNOR, 2007)
• Tailored Guidelines for the Construction (JCOSHA,
Japan, 2004.

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 ILO-OSH 2001
Factors contributing to effective OSH-MS
Management Commitment
- Strong senior management
involvement
- OSH-MS introduced to improve
OSH
- Provision of adequate resources
- OSH integral to management
performance appraisals
- Leading by example
Integration into MS
- All organizational functions
incorporate OSH
Type of System
- Customised to organisation’s
needs
- Developed with support and
involvement of all organisation
stakeholders
Employee Involvement
- All employees encouraged and
able to participate
- Independent representation of
employees encouraged and
supported
Clare Gallagher, NOHSC, 2001
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 ISO 45001
Contents

1. Scope
2. Normative references
3. Terms and definitions
4. Context of the
organisation
5. Leadership
6. Planning
7. Support
8. Operation
9. Performance evaluation
10. Improvement
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 ISO 45001
Main new emphasis

1. Context of the organization (Clause 4.1): The organization shall determine

internal and external issues that are relevant to its purpose and that affect
its ability to achieve the intended outcome(s) of its OH&S management
system.

2. Understanding the needs and expectations of workers and other interested

parties (clause 4.2): interested parties are workers, suppliers,
subcontractors, clients, regulatory authorities.

3. Leadership and management commitment (Clauses: 5.1) has stronger

emphasis on top management to actively engage and take accountability for
the effectiveness of the management system.

4. Risk and opportunities (Clauses: 6.1.1, 6.1.2.3, 6.1.4): companies are to

determine, consider and, where necessary, take action to address any risks
or opportunities that may impact (either positively or negatively) the ability
of the management system to deliver its intended results, including
enhanced health and safety at the workplace.

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 Why manage OSH? Traditional OSH management
versus OSH management system (i)

Main Main Process Responsibility Focus

ObjectiveMotivation
Traditional Law Avoid Command – OSH specialist Reactive.
OSH compliancesanctions control Problem-solving
management approach after events
Lineal Process
OSH Continuous Benefits by a Circular All staff Proactive.
management improvement better process Improve the
system performance organization to
prevent
hazardous events

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 Why manage OSH? Traditional OSH management
versus OSH management system (ii)

Elements Typo of Focus of Feedback Outcomes

relationships evaluation evaluation
Traditional Fragmented External Outputs Inadequate Limited control of
OSH inspection mechanisms occupational
management hazards Legal
requirements not
fully met
OSH Integrated. Internal Outputs but Systematic. Key Effective control of
management Exhaustive. control + also point occupational
system External resources, hazards, often
audit organization, beyond legal
processes requirements

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 MS approach in the legislation
Changes in the OSH regulation

The scope and coverage of OSH has evolved from:

• Focus on industrial safety to one on workplace

safety and health.

• Protection to prevention and risks assessment.

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 MS approach in the legislation
New workplace conditions under consideration
Material LEGAL VOLUNTARY
conditions OBLIGACION MOTIVATION

Environmental
conditions

Ergonomic
conditions

Psychosocial
conditions
Health
Promotion
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 MS approach in the legislation
Progressive development of OSH regulation

Prescription of Prevention of occupational

protective measures accidents and diseases based
to deal with on a management
specific hazards systems approach

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 MS approach in the legislation
Progressive development of OSH regulation
LEGAL VOLUNTARY
OBLIGACION MOTIVATION
ACCIDENTS

TECHNICAL
SAFETY

MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM

OSH CULTURE
EVOLUTION OVER THE TIME 26
 MS approach in the legislation
Change of the approach

Protective
Hazards Harm
measures

Identify
Competence Eliminate & Exposures
hazards &
and control Accidents
responsibilities monitor hazards
risks Harm

Organization Prevention
and Prevention
activities principles
resources
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 Example from Norway
Structure of the System of Internal Control

Evaluation and Planning of Implementation

goals on OSH Measures of measures

Analysis and
Results
correction

Deviations Control

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 MS approach in the legislation
New legal requirements on OSH

1. General duty of care of the employers

2. Workers’ participation mechanisms

3. Resources & organization

4. Prevention activities

5. Prevention principles

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 MS approach in the legislation
General duty of care of the employers

The ‘general duty of care of the employers' is the

essential duty of employers to take reasonable care
of the safety and health of their workers in all
circumstances.

The employer determines all the conditions under

which employees work, therefore, the employer must
take care of the safety and health of the workers.

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 MS approach in the legislation
General duty of care of the employers

1. The employer shall have a duty to ensure the safety and health
of workers in every aspect related to the work. (art.5.1)

2. Where, an employer enlists competent external services or

persons, this shall not discharge him from his responsibilities in this
area. (art. 5.2)

3. The workers' obligations in the field of safety and health at work

shall not affect the principle of the responsibility of the employer
(art. 5.3)

Directive 89/391/EEC - OSH "Framework Directive"

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 MS approach in the legislation
Workers’ participation mechanisms

According to the number of workers and the level of

risk of the enterprise:

• WORKERS’ SAFETY REPRESENTATIVES

• OSH COMMITTEES

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 MS approach in the legislation
Resources and organization
NUMBER OF OSH OSH
PREVENTIVE SERVICES
WORKERS DELEGATES COMMITTEE (1)

1-5 - NO Employer/ Worker/ External service

6-30 1 (Staff delegate) NO Worker/ External service

31-49 1 NO Worker/ External service
50-100 2 YES Worker/ External service
101-250 3 YES Worker/ External service

251-500 3 YES Worker/ Internal Service/External service

501-1000 4 YES Internal Service/External service

1001-2000 5 YES Internal Service/External service
2001-3000 6 YES Internal Service/External service
3001-4000 7 YES Internal Service/External service
> 4000 8 YES Internal Service/External service
(1) Enterprises with several work Centers could decide to have an intercenter committees
(2) Enterprise included in the ANNEX I of Regulation of Preventive Services (RD 39/1997), Spain

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MS approach in the legislation
Resources and organization

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 MS approach in the legislation
Prevention activities

1. Risk assessment
2. Control of working conditions
3. Training and information for workers
4. Surveillance of workers’ health
5. Environment monitoring
6. Emergency planning
7. Recording, documentation and notification of OSH
information
8. Investigation of occupational accidents

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MS approach in the legislation
Internal or external sevices

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Framework Directive approach

Hierarchy of prevention Employer obligations

Avoid risks
Coherent policy
Evaluate risks
Information and training
Combat at source
Adapt work to individual
Substitute
Adapt to technical
Collective measures progress
Consultation with
Personal measures workers

http://osha.europa.eu
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 MS approach in the legislation
Internal or external sevices

Hazard Person Elimination

Hazard Person Substitution

Person Engineering (ventilation,

Hazard enclosure, isolation)

Hazard Person Administrative

Hazard Person PPE

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Thank you!
Gracias!
Merci!
!‫شكرا جزيال‬