Solve the equation 4  7 y  10 and check the solution.

##
4  7 y  10
 7 y  10  4
 7 y  14
 14
y
7
y2
Checking: Substitute y  2 into both sides of the equation.
L.H.S. = 4 – 7(2) = –10
R.H.S. = –10
∵ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
∴ y = 2 is the solution.

========================================================

Solve the equation 0.5m  3.6  3.4 and check the solution.

##
0.5m  3.6  3.4
0.5m  3.4  3.6
0.5m  7
7
m
0.5
m   14
Checking: Substitute m = –14 into both sides of the equation.
L.H.S. = 0.5(–14) + 3.6 = –3.4
R.H.S. = –3.4
∵ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
∴ m = –14 is the solution.

========================================================

3x
Solve the equation  2   11 and check the solution.
7

##
 3x
2  11
7
3x
 11  2
7
3x
 9
7
3 x  9  7
3 x  63
 63
x
3
x   21
Checking: Substitute x = –21 into both sides of the equation.
3( 21)
L.H.S. =  2   2  ( 9)  11
7
R.H.S. = –11
∵ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
∴ x = –21 is the solution.

========================================================

4d
Solve the equation 10   16 and check the solution.
3

##
4d
10   16
3
4d
  16  10
3
4d
 6
3
4d 6  (3)
4d 18
18
d 
4
9
d 
2
9
Checking: Substitute d   into both sides of the equation.
2
 9
4  
L.H.S. = 2  18
10    10   16
3 3
R.H.S. = 16
∵ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
9
∴ d  is the solution.
2
========================================================

4 y 1
Solve the equation   and check the solution.
9 3 2

##
4 y 1
 
9 3 2
4 y 1
    18   18
9 3 2
4 y
 18   18  9
9 3
8  6y  9
 6y  9  8
 6y  1
1
y
6
1
Checking: Substitute y   into both sides of the equation.
6
 1
 
L.H.S. = 4  6  4 1 1
   
9 3 9 18 2
1
R.H.S. =
2
∵ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
1
∴ y is the solution.
6

========================================================

1  2x
Solve the equation  5 and check the solution.
5

##
1  2x
 5
5
1  2 x  5  5
1  2 x  25
2 x  25  1
2 x  26
x   13
Checking: Substitute x = –13 into both sides of the equation.
1  2(13)
L.H.S. =  5
5
 R.H.S. = –5
∵ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
∴ x = –13 is the solution.

========================================================

3z  4
Solve the equation  3  1 and check the solution.
2

##
3z  4
3 1
2
3z  4
 1 3
2
3z  4
4
2
3z  4  4  2
3z  4  8
3z  8  4
3 z  12
z4
Checking: Substitute z = 4 into both sides of the equation.
3(4)  4
L.H.S. = 3  43 1
2
R.H.S. = 1
∵ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
∴ z = 4 is the solution.

========================================================

1  5x
Solve the equation 6  9  and check the solution.
8

##
1  5x
6 9
8
1  5x
69 
8
1  5x
3
8
 3  8  1  5x
5 x  1  24
5 x  25
x5
Checking: Substitute x = 5 into both sides of the equation.
 L.H.S. = 6
1  5(5)
R.H.S. = 9   9  (3)  6
8
∵ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
∴ x = 5 is the solution.

========================================================

 8x 
Solve the equation 1   5    8 and check the solution.
 9 

##
 8x 
1  5    8
 9
8x
1 5  8
9
8x
4 8
9
8x
84
9
8x
 12
9
8 x  12  9
8 x  108
27
x
2
27
Checking: Substitute x  into both sides of the equation.
2
  27  
 8 
2 
L.H.S. = 1  5     1  ( 7 )  8
 9 
 
 
R.H.S. = 8
∵ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
27
∴ x is the solution.
2

========================================================

2t  3 1 1
Solve the equation    and check the solution.
6 3 2

##
 2t  3 1 1
  
6 3 2
 2t  3 1  1
  6   6
 6 3 2
2t  3 1
6 6  3
6 3
2t  3  2  3
2t  3  1
2t  2
t 1
Checking: Substitute t = –1 into both sides of the equation.
2(1)  3 1 5 1 1
L.H.S. =    
6 3 6 3 2
1
R.H.S. = 
2
∵ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
∴ t = –1 is the solution.

========================================================

Solve the equation 5 x  8.8  2(0.4  x)  ( x  1.2) .

##
5 x  8.8  2(0.4  x )  ( x  1.2)
5 x  8.8  0.8  2 x  x  1.2
5 x  8.8  x  0 .4
5x  x  0.4  8.8
4x  8.4
x   2 .1

========================================================

Solve the equation 4[3( y  1)  5 y ]  84 .

##
4[3( y  1)  5 y ]  84
4(3 y  3  5 y )  84
4(8 y  3)  84
32 y  12  84
32 y  84  12
32 y  96
y3

========================================================
Solve the equation 2q  1  3[7q  ( q  5)] .

##
2q  1  3[7 q  ( q  5)]
2q  1  3(7 q  q  5)
2q  1  3(6q  5)
2q  1  18q  15
2q  18q  15  1
 16q  16
16
q
 16
q  1

========================================================

m6 9
Solve the equation   2(m  3) .
5 5

##
m6 9
  2(m  3)
5 5
m6 9 
 5    2(m  3)  5
5  5 
9
m  6   5  2( m  3)  5
5
m  6  9  10(m  3)
m  6  9  10m  30
m  10m  39  6
11m  33
m3

========================================================

11  5t 3t  4
Solve the equation  .
12 5

##
 11  5t 3t  4

12 5
11  5t 3t  4
 60   60
12 5
5(11  5t )  12(3t  4)
55  25t  36t  48
 25t  36t  48  55
 61t  103
103
t 
61

========================================================

2s 6s
Solve the equation s .
2 7

##
2s s
s
2 7
2s  6s
 14   s    14
2  7 
6s
7( 2  s )  s  14   14
7
14  7 s  14 s  2(6  s )
14  7 s  14 s  12  2 s
 19 s  2
2
s
19

========================================================

x4
Solve the equation  ( x  3)  1 .
5

##
 x4
 ( x  3)  1
5
x  4 
 5  ( x  3)  5  1  5
x4
 5  ( x  3)  5  5
5
x  4  5 x  15  5
 4 x  5  11
 4 x  6
3
x
2

========================================================

y 2( y  8) 3 y  2
Solve the equation   .
2 3 4

##
y 2( y  8) 3 y  2
 
2 3 4
 y 2( y  8)  3y  2
 2  3   12  4
 12

y 2( y  8)
 12   12  3(3 y  2)
2 3
6 y  8 y  64  9 y  6
5 y  70
y  14

========================================================

1 1 1 x
Solve the equation ( 4 x  1)   .
5  2 4  10

##
 1 1 1 x
 ( 4 x  1)   
5 2 4  10
1 1 1 x
 ( 4 x  1)    20   20
5 2 4 10
1 1
 2 ( 4 x  1)  4   4  2 x
1 1
( 4 x  1)  4   4  2 x
2 4
8x  2  1  2 x
6 x  3
1
x
2

========================================================

1.8  8 y 3( y  0.4) 5 y  0.3

Solve the equation   .
12 6 4

##
1.8  8 y 3( y  0.4) 5 y  0.3
 
12 6 4
1.8  8 y  y  0.4 5 y  0.3 
 12   2    12
12 4
y  0.4 5 y  0.3
1.8  8 y   12   12
2 4
1.8  8 y  6 y  2.4  15 y  0.9
y   3.3

========================================================

If the sum of three consecutive odd numbers is 123, find the values of these three
numbers.

##
Let x be the smallest number of the three consecutive odd numbers. Then the other two
odd numbers are x + 2 and x + 4.
x  ( x  2)  ( x  4)  123
∴ x  x  x  123  6
3 x  117
x  39
∴ 39 + 2 = 41 and 39 + 4 = 43
∴ The three consecutive odd numbers are 39, 41 and 43.

========================================================
Daisy pays $68 for 5 notebooks and 2 pens. If the price of each notebook is 3 times that
of a pen, find the price of
(a) a pen,
(b) 2 notebooks and 3 pens.

##
(a) Let $x be the price of a pen. Then the price of a notebook is $3x.
5(3 x)  2 x  68
∴ 15 x  2 x  68
17 x  68
x  4
∴ The price of a pen is $4.

(b) The price of 2 notebooks and 3 pens

 ${2[3( 4)]  3( 4)}
 $(24  12)
 $36

========================================================

May is now x years old. Her mother’s age is 3 times May’s age.
(a) Express in terms of x,
(i) May’s age,
(ii) her mother’s age
after 5 years.
(b) If May’s mother’s age will be 7 years more than 2 times May’s age after 3 years,
find their present age.

##
(a) (i) May’s age after 5 years  x  5
(ii) Her mother’s age after 5 years  3 x  5

(b) According to the problem, we can set up an algebraic equation as follows:

(3 x  3)  2( x  3)  7
3x  3  2 x  6  7
x  10
∴ May’s present age  10
Her mother’s present age  3(10)  30

========================================================

There are some marbles in a blue bag and a red bag, and the number of marbles in the
blue bag is 2 times that of the red bag. If 6 marbles are taken out from the blue bag and
put into the red bag, the number of marbles in the blue bag will be 3 more than half that
of the red bag. Find the total number of marbles in two bags.
##
Let x be the number of marbles in the red bag originally.
Then the number of marbles in the blue bag is 2x originally.
x6
( 2 x  6)  3
2
 x  6
(2 x  6)  2   2  3  2
∴  
( 2 x  6)  2  x  6  6
4 x  12  x  6  6
3 x  24
x8
∴ The total number of marbles in two bags  8  2(8)  24

========================================================

$1000 is divided among Tom, Dick and Flora. Tom gets $200 more than twice the
amount Dick gets and Flora gets $100 less than 3 times the amount Dick gets. How much
does each of them get?

##
Let $x be the amount Dick gets.
Then the amounts Tom and Flora get are $(2x + 200) and $(3x – 100) respectively.
x  (2 x  200)  (3 x  100)  1000
∴ x  2 x  3 x  1000  200  100
6 x  900
x  150
∴ The amount Dick gets  $150
The amount Tom gets  $[2(150)  200]  $500
The amount Flora gets  $[3(150)  100]  $350

========================================================

Solve the literal equation 3( a  bx )  4 x for x.

##
3( a  bx ) 
4x
3a  3bx 
4x
 3bx  4 x 
3a
 (3b  4) x 
3a
3a
∴ x
3b  4

========================================================
 ax
Solve the literal equation  1  c for x.
b

##
ax
1  c
b
ax
 c 1
b
ax  b(c  1)
b(c  1)
∴ x
a

========================================================

ps
Solve the literal equation 4q   6r for s.
2

##
ps
4q   6r
2
ps
  6r  4q
2
s  p  12r  8q
s  12r  8q  p
∴

========================================================

ry  s
Solve the literal equation  2 y for y.
u

##
ry  s
 2y
u
ry  s  2uy
ry  2uy  s
∴ (r  2u ) y  s
s
y
r  2u

========================================================

Solve the literal equation p[3(q  z )  r ]  tz for z.

##
 p[3( q  z )  r ]  tz
p(3q  3 z  r )  tz
3 pq  3 pz  pr  tz
 3 pz  tz  3 pq  pr
∴  (3 p  t ) z  3 pq  pr
3 pq  pr
z
3p  t