HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL

HAZARDS
REPORTERS: Karl Andre Lumanlan, Abdulrahman
Banas, Brian Corpuz, Rene Consular
01
WHAT ARE
HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL
HAZARDS?
HYDROMETEOROLOGY
is a branch of meteorology and
hydrology that studies the transfer of
water and energy between the land
surface and the lower atmosphere.
HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL
HAZARDS
The results of natural processes or
phenomena of atmospheric, hydrological
or oceanographic nature - are floods,
tropical cyclones, drought and
desertification.

Due to global climate change these natural

hazards are expected to rise.
THE DIFFERENT
HYDROMETEORLOGICAL
HAZARDS ARE:

Tropical Cyclones
Floods
Drought
Heatwaves
Coastal Storm Surges
02
COLOR-CODED RAINFALL
AND FLOOD WARNINGS
COLOR-CODED WARNING
SYSTEM
In 2012, state weather bureau Pagasa released a
new set of color-coded rainfall advisories. It is
composed of 3 colors:

Yellow, Orange and Red

The darker the color is, the more dangerous it
gets.
 YELLOW WARNING

Yellow means “caution”.

Residents are advised to monitor the
news for further updates. “Yellow
warning” represents 7.5-15 mm rain in an
hour which could also cause flooding.
 ORANGE WARNING

Orange means “go”.

Go ahead and prepare for possible evacuation.

“Orange warning” stands for 15-30 mm rain in an
hour that is also expected to continue within the
next two hours. At this point, low-lying areas are
expected to suffer from floods because of
relatively heavy downpour.
 RED WARNING

Red means “stop”.

Better stop what you are doing now if PAGASA

says your area is under a “red warning.” Evacuate.

According to PAGASA, if more than 30mm rain is

observed in an hour, and is expected to continue
in the next two hours, then low-lying areas are
expected to experience serious flooding.
03
TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL CYCLONES

it is a rapid rotating storm originating over

tropical oceans from where it draws the
energy to develop. It has a low pressure
center and clouds spiraling towards the
eyewall surrounding the "eye", the central
part of the system where the weather is
normally calm and free of clouds.
WHAT CAUSES TROPICAL
CYCLONES?
Tropical cyclones form only over warm ocean
waters near the equator. To form a cyclone,
warm, moist air over the ocean rises upward
from near the surface.

Air from surrounding areas with higher air

pressure pushes in to the low pressure area.
Then this new “cool” air becomes warm and
moist and rises, too.

As the cyclone causes a tremendous wind and

rainfall, it usually leads to the destruction of
property and loss of lives in the areas where
it occurs.
WHAT TO DO BEFORE
TROPICAL CYCLONES?
Prepare with disaster supplies such as flashlight
and extra batteries, candles, first aid kit and
manual.
If you live on the coast, on a floodplain, near a
river, or on an inland waterway you should
evacuate immediately after getting notice from
the authority of the evacuation center.
Install straps or additional clips to securely
fasten your roof to the frame structure. This will
reduce roof damage.
Be sure trees and shrubs around your home are
well trimmed. Clear loose and clogged rain
gutters and downspouts.
WHAT TO DO DURING
TROPICAL CYCLONES?
Listen to the radio or TV for information. Secure
your home.
Move to the evacuation center if it is safe to
move. If you are unable to evacuate, go to your
safe room.
Stay indoors during the hurricane and away from
windows and glass doors. Close all interior doors
—secure and brace external doors.
Take shelter in a small interior room, closet, or
hallway on the lowest level. Lie on the floor
under a table or another sturdy object.
WHAT TO DO AFTER
TROPICAL CYCLONES?
Monitor local media for information related to
medical treatment, potable water and food
supply, and availability of shelter.
Remain in your safe location until authorities
state it is safe to leave, especially if you want to
return to an area that had been evacuated.
Do not drink or prepare food with tap water -
unless you boil it first
Avoid downed power lines.
Remain cautious in hilly areas.
04
FLOODS AND FLASH
FLOODS
FLOODS
Flooding is an overflowing of water onto land
that is normally dry. Floods can happen
during heavy rains, when ocean waves come
on shore, when snow melts quickly, or when
dams or levees break.

Damaging flooding may happen with only a

few inches of water, or it may cover a house
to the rooftop.

Flash floods occur within a few minutes or

hours of excessive rainfall, a dam or levee
failure, or a sudden release of water held by
an ice jam
WHAT AREAS ARE AT
RISK?
Densely populated areas are at a high risk for
flash floods. The construction of buildings,
highways, driveways, and parking lots
increases runoff by reducing the amount of
rain absorbed by the ground. This runoff
increases the flash flood potential.

Areas near rivers are at risk from floods.

Embankments, known as levees, are often
built along rivers and are used to prevent
high water from flooding bordering land.
WHAT TO DO BEFORE,
DURING, AND AFTER?
Before:

Monitor your surroundings

Assemble disaster supplies

Be prepared to evacuate

Review your Family Disaster Plan

WHAT TO DO BEFORE,
DURING, AND AFTER?
During:

Don’t drive unless you have to. If you must

drive, travel with care.

Get to high ground – Climb to safety.

Evacuate immediately, if you think you are at

risk or are advised to do so!

Never try to walk or swim through flowing

water.

Shut off the electricity at the circuit

breakers.If someone falls in or is trapped in
flood water.
WHAT TO DO BEFORE,
DURING, AND AFTER?
After:

Wait until it is safe to return.

If a building was flooded, check for safety

before entering.

Use extreme caution when entering

buildings.

When making repairs, protect your property

from future flood damage.
05
DROUGHTS
DROUGHTS

It is an event of prolonged shortages in the

water supply, whether atmospheric (below-
average precipitation), surface water or
ground water. A drought can last for months
or years, or may be declared after as few as 15
days.
WHAT CAUSES DROUGHTS?

A drought is caused by drier than normal

conditions that can eventually lead to water
supply problems. Really hot temperatures
can make a drought worse by causing
moisture to evaporate from the soil.
Droughts only occur when an area is
abnormally dry.
EFFECTS OF DROUGHTS:

Drought also affects the environment in many

different ways. Plants and animals depend on
water, just like people. When a drought
occurs, their food supply can shrink and their
habitat can be damaged.

During drought, there is an increased risk for

wildfires and dust storms. Particulate matter
suspended in the air from these events can
irritate the bronchial passages and lungs. This
can make chronic respiratory illnesses worse
and increase the risk for respiratory
infections like bronchitis and pneumonia.
06
HEATWAVES
HEATWAVES

A heat wave, or heatwave, is a period of

excessively hot weather, which may be
accompanied by high humidity, especially in
oceanic climate countries.

According to NOAA, a heat wave is defined as

a period of unusually hot weather that
typically lasts two or more days. To be
considered a heat wave, the temperatures
have to be outside the historical averages for
a given area.
WHAT CAUSES
HEATWAVES?
A heatwave occurs when a system of high
atmospheric pressure moves into an area and
lasts two or more days. In such a high-
pressure system, air from upper levels of our
atmosphere is pulled toward the ground,
where it becomes compressed and increases in
temperature.

This hot mass of air accumulates only heat

and humidity without any trace of
precipitation that causes abnormally high
temperatures. It is very often during the
summer season, from May to November in the
northern hemisphere.
EFFECTS OF HEATWAVES
The heat wave has great potential and more
dangerous as compare to other natural
phenomenon like hurricanes, lightning, and
tornadoes. The impacts of the heat wave are
given below:

1. If the body temperature of living creature

is lower than external temperature or
atmospheric temperature, then it is very
often to get heat stroke, and heat cramps.
EFFECTS OF HEATWAVES

2. Under this condition static hot mass of air

trapped all the pollutant and harmful
chemicals below the layer of hot air which
decreases the air quality that causes airborne
diseases.

3. The abnormal hot temperature cause

drought like situation. It drains the moisture
content from the vegetation which causes
bushfires and forestfires.
EFFECTS OF HEATWAVES
4. The excessive hotness of the atmosphere
also affects the infrastructure. For example-
Hot atmospheric temperature can crack the
roads, burst the waterlines and led to the
explosion of a transformer.

5. The events like extreme weather can also

boost the phenomenon of Global warming. The
global warming impact the ozone layer which
protect the Earth from the harmful sunrays. If
global warming will increase then global
temperature will increase and increase
temperature disturb the global weather
pattern of the Earth.
07
STORM SURGES
STORM SURGE

A storm surge is a rise in sea level that occurs

during tropical cyclones, intense storms also
known as typhoons or hurricanes.

The storms produce strong winds that push

the water into shore, which can lead to
flooding. This makes storm surges very
dangerous for coastal regions.
WHY ARE STORM SURGES
DANGEROUS?
At high tide, the water is already at an
elevated height. If landfall happens at high
tide, the storm surge will cause even higher
water levels and bring more water further
inland.

When a hurricane arrives, the higher ocean

means storm surge can bring water further
inland, to a more dangerous and widespread
effect.
HIGHEST STORM SURGE
RECORDED
The world record for a storm surge is 13 m,
occurring during landfall of Tropical Cyclone
(TC) Mahina in northeast Australia, March
1899.

The central pressure of this cyclone has been

reported as 914 hPa as measured by a ship's
barometers during passage of the eye.
WHAT TO DO BEFORE,
DURING, AND AFTER?
Before:

Check your house and land for any potential

dangers related to flooding.

Sandbags are a valuable tool to prevent

water from entering your home.

If you live in an area that is subject to

flooding, do not store your important
documents in the basement. Keep them at a
higher level, protected from flood damage.

Ensure that your family has an emergency kit

and plan.
WHAT TO DO BEFORE,
DURING, AND AFTER?
During:

Stay inside where you are protected from the

water. It's best to be on the downwind side
of the house, away from windows.

Monitor the storm's progress and listen for

warnings or instructions from local officials.

Before driving anywhere, listen carefully to

rescue officials who will be coordinating
evacuation plans.

Do not drive through flood waters.

WHAT TO DO BEFORE,
DURING, AND AFTER?
After:

Check your home and property for damage.

Keep clear of damaged buildings, powerlines

and trees.

Be aware of road hazards such as floodwater,

debris and damaged roads or bridges.

Do not drive through affected areas unless it

is necessary.
THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING