SAPTHAGIRI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

No. 14/5, Chikkasandra, Hesaraghatta Main Road, Bengaluru-560057

Department of ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING
MINI PROJECT REPORT
ON
“Ultrasonic Radar [HC SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor]”

Submitted by
NAME USN

SRIDHAR B (1SG14EE082)
YASHWANTH R (1SG18EE093)
SRINIVAS BHAT (1SG18EE083)
SUDHAN SUHAS (1SG18EE085)

GUIDE CLASS TEACHER HOD,EEE

For the academic year 2020-21

 SAPTHAGIRI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
No. 14/5, Chikkasandra, Hesaraghatta Main Road, Bengaluru-560057

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the mini project work entitled

“Ultrasonic Radar [HC SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor]” carried out by
YASHWANTH R (1SG18EE093), SRIDHAR B (1SG14EE082),
SRINIVAS BHAT(1SG18EE083), SUDHAN SUHAS(1SG18EE085)
Bona-fide students of V semester in department of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering during the academic year 2020-2021

Signature of the Guide Signature of the HOD

Mrs . HARSHITA M R Dr. K.N. Ravi
Asst. Professor Professor& H.O.D
Dept. Of EEE ( Head of the Dept., EEE)
CONTENTS page no

INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVE
BLOCK DIAGRAM
METHODOLOGY
IMPLEMENTATION
RESULT AND CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION
An ultrasonic sensor can convert electrical energy into acoustic waves and vice versa.
The acoustic wave signal is an ultrasonic wave traveling at a frequency above 18kHz.
The famous HC SR04 ultrasonic sensor generates ultrasonic waves at 40kHz
frequency.

Typically, a microcontroller is used for communication with an ultrasonic sensor. To

begin measuring the distance, the microcontroller sends a trigger signal to the
ultrasonic sensor. The duty cycle of this trigger signal is 10µS for the HC-SR04
ultrasonic sensor. 

3. Echo

OBJECTIVE
Electronic device, measures the distance of a target object by emitting
ultrasonic sound waves and converts the reflected sound wave into
electrical signal. It works on the basis of electromagnetic waves,
microwaves.
BLOCK DIAGRAM

METHODOLOGY
HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor - Working
As shown above the HC-SR04 Ultrasonic (US) sensor is a 4 pin module, whose pin names are
Vcc, Trigger, Echo and Ground respectively. This sensor is a very popular sensor used in many
applications where measuring distance or sensing objects are required. The module has two
eyes like projects in the front which forms the Ultrasonic transmitter and Receiver. The sensor
works with the simple high school formula that

Distance = Speed × Time

The Ultrasonic transmitter transmits an ultrasonic wave, this wave travels in air and when it
gets objected by any material it gets reflected back toward the sensor this reflected wave is
observed by the Ultrasonic receiver.

Now, to calculate the distance using the above formulae, we should know the Speed and time.
Since we are using the Ultrasonic wave we know the universal speed of US wave at room
conditions which is 330m/s. The circuitry inbuilt on the module will calculate the time taken for
the US wave to come back and turns on the echo pin high for that same particular amount of
time, this way we can also know the time taken. Now simply calculate the distance using a
microcontroller or microprocessor.

 The HC-SR04 uses non-contact ultrasound sonar to measure the distance to an object, and
consists of two ultrasonic transmitters (basically speakers), a receiver, and a control circuit. The
transmitters emit a high frequency ultrasonic sound, which bounce off any nearby solid
objects, and the reciever listens for any return echo. That echo is then processed by the
control circuit to calculate the time difference between the signal being transmitted and
received. This time can subsequently be used, along with some clever math, to calculate the
distance between the sensor and the reflecting object!

The HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Range Sensor Features:

 Input Voltage: 5V
 Current Draw: 20mA (Max)
 Digital Output: 5V
 Digital Output: 0V (Low)
 Working Temperature:  -15°C to 70°C
 Ultrasonic Sensor Pin Configuration

Pin Number Pin Name Description

1 Vcc The Vcc pin powers the sensor, typically with

+5V

2 Trigger Trigger pin is an Input pin. This pin has to be

kept high for 10us to initialize measurement
by sending US wave.

3 Echo Echo pin is an Output pin. This pin goes high

for a period of time which will be equal to the
time taken for the US wave to return back to
the sensor.

4 Ground This pin is connected to the Ground of the

system.

IMPLEMENTATION

RESULT AND CONCLUSION