Bullos, Lyza Mae A.

I – BSED English

Lesson 2
Communication Ethics

Objectives:
1) Know how to communicate in an ethical manner.
2) Apply these ethical principles to their communication process.

 Ethics (Oxford Learner’s Dictionary)

- It is defined as the “moral principles that control or influence a person’s behavior.”

 Ethical communication (US National Communication Association - NCA, 1999)

- Fundamental to responsible thinking, decision-making, and the development of
relationships and communities within and across contexts, cultures, channels, and media.
- Enhances human worth and dignity by fostering truthfulness, fairness, responsibility,
personal integrity, and respect for self and others.

 Unethical communication
- Threatens the quality of all communication and well-being of individuals and the society.

FOUR ETHICAL PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION

1) Advocate truthfulness, accuracy, honesty, and reason as essential to the integrity of
communication.
- Be accurate.
- Have facts and figures.
- Be reasonable.

2) Freedom of expression, diversity of perspective, and tolerance of dissent to achieve the

informed and responsible decision-making fundamental to a civil society.
- Vibrant democracy
- High tolerance for views
- Foster an environment where people are safe to share their views.
- Be reasonable.

3) Condemn communication that degrades individuals and humanity through distortion,

intimidation, coercion, and violence, and through the expression of intolerance and hatred.
- Safeguards society from racism, sexism, and violence

4) Accept responsibility for the short- and long-term consequences of our communication and
expect the same for others.
- Ready to face the consequences (communicate maliciously, spread false news, or incite
hatred)
 Lesson 3
Communication and Globalization

Objectives:
1) Understand the implications of globalization on communication.
2) Explain the notion of World Englishes in the context of English being a global language.

 Globalization
- Airfare has become cheaper.
- Migration
- Free trade of goods and services
- Internet and social media
- Result: Increasingly shrinking world, therefore, one should know the difference between the
kind of English that we write and speak and the kind of Englishes that exist outside of the
Philippines.

WORLD ENGLISHES
 David Crystal (2003)
- First chapter of the book English as a Global Language (English, is in fact, a global
language.)
- What does it mean to say that a language is global?

 Robert Crum et al. (1986)

- Success story of the rise of English

READINGS IN WORLD ENGLISHES

 Robert Crum et al. (1986)
- “Speak English: The Story of a Once-Obscure Language and How it Became the Last
Word in Global Communication” excerpted from the Chicago Tribune from The Story of
English
 Julius Caesar – landed Britain (2,000 yrs. ago)
 Cherokee
 William Shakespeare (16th century)
 Richard Mulcaster (1582) - “of a small reatch, it stretcheth no further than this iland
of ours, naie not there over all.”
 “We should talk not of English but of many Englishes…”
 History of English – contest between standardization and localization
 English dictionaries (18th century) – written standardization
 Victorian England – realized the idea of Queen’s English
 Queen’s English – spoken standard to which the “lesser breeds could aspire.”

 David Crystal (2003)

- A language achieves a genuinely global status when it develops a special role that to
recognized in every country.

 Varieties of English
- All are equal in the sense that is best suited to the communication needs of the speakers.
- Not all are equal in prestige because of social attitudes about the speakers of these
varieties.
 - For example: African American English (AAE) – example of a social variety of English. It
has a feature of ‘g-dropping’ in words (readin’, walkin’, and singin’) are stigmatized. (Yule,
2010). This process of stigmatization follows a regular pattern. African Americans are
treated as “abnormal”.
- Ruanni Tupas and Rabdy (2015) – use the term “unequal Englishes” to focus discussions
of “the unequal ways and situations in which Englishes are arranged, configured, and
contested.”
- English-speaking settlers (United States, Caanda, Australia and New Zealand)
- English-speaking colonizers (South Africa, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, and
Philippines)
 Role of English – official language, medium of instruction, language of law and
government
- Some of Non-English-speaking countries (Holland, Yugoslavia, Korea, and Japan)
 Less exposure to English
 Learned for career progression (language of international business)

- TWO MOST WELL-KNOWN VARIETIES OF ENGLISH

Aspect American English (US) British English (UK)
Punctuation She said, “I’ll be at work by 8 a.m.” She said, “I’ll be at work by 8 a.m.”
Date March 2, 2017 2 March 2017
center, color, organize, program centre, colour, organise,
Spelling
programme
Words elevator, pants, diaper lift, trousers, nappy
Expression/Local Idiom ruffled feathers (agitated) knickers in a twist (agitated)
Grammar Do you have that book? Have you got that book?
Pronunciation Vase /vās/ - sounds like VEYZ Vase //vɑːz/] - sounds like VAHZ

- Philippine English
 has unique and idiosyncratic usages
 For example:
o Comfort room – Philippine term for washroom, toilet, or lavatory
o When Filipinos say, “There’s traffic”, they mean “There’s heavy traffic”.
o Salvage – can mean either “to save” or “to brutally murder”
o For a while (Philippines), just a second or just a moment (UK)
hold on or hang on (UK – Telephone conversation)
- Matthew Sutherland, For A While

- Matthew Sutherland
 “Every English-speaking nation has its own set of English phrases and idioms;
English is equally idiosyncratic in, say, India, Jamaica, Zimbabwe or Singapore.”
 “The many versions of English spoken around the globe merely serve to make
English an even richer tongue.”

- Standard English
 It depends on the region. – Standard American English, Standard British English or
Standard Philippine English
 The variety of English consisting of “the conventional vocabulary and usage of
educated speakers as writers of English.” (Roberts ad Turgeon, 1998)
 To use this kind of English means to follow spelling or punctuation system that is
consistent with the prescribed standard.
 It avoids colloquial and informal usages.
 For example:
o Standard Philippine English follows Standard American English usages for
spelling, punctuation, and formatting dates.
 o In terms of grammar and diction, Standard English does not include slang,
vulgarisms, regionalisms, and other constrictions that are considered
unorthodox.

- In informal contexts and everyday speech, one is free to use his or her own variety of
English.
- In formal contexts, one should be able to identify which features of this variety may not be
understood by other speakers of English and to use alternatives that will be understood by
the wider audience.