Exercise 4D

1
25
2
1 a y = 4x ⇒ y = 2x 2 1 c xy = 25 ⇒ y = ⇒ y = 25 x −1
x
1
dy −
dy
=x 2 = −25 x −2
dx dx
1 At (5, 5)
=
x dy
= −25 ( 5 )
−2

At (16, 8) dx
dy 1 25
= = −
dx 16 25
1 = −1
= Finding the equation of the tangent using
4
Finding the equation of the tangent using y − y1= m ( x − x1 ) with m = −1
1 at (5, 5) gives:
y − y1= m ( x − x1 ) with m = at (16, 8)
4 y − 5 =− ( x − 5 )
gives: x + y − 10 =0
1
y − 8= ( x − 16 )
4 4
x − 4 y + 16 = 0 d xy = 4 ⇒ y = ⇒ y = 4 x −1
x
dy
1 = −4 x −2
b y 2 = 8x ⇒ y = 2 2 x 2 dx
1
dy −
1
At x = , y = 8
= 2x 2 2
dx −2
dy 1
2 = −4  
= dx 2
x
= −16
At 4, 4 2( ) Finding the equation of the tangent using
dy 2 y − y1= m ( x − x1 ) with m = −16 at
=
dx 4 1 
 ,8  gives:
2 2 
=  1
2 y − 8 =−16  x − 
Finding the equation of the tangent using  2
2 16 x + y − 16 =0
y − y1= m ( x − x1 ) with m = at
2
(
4, 4 2 gives:)
2
y−4 2= ( x − 4)
2
2x − 2 y + 4 2 = 0
or x − 2 y + 4 =0

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 1 1
1 e y = 2
7x ⇒ y = ± 7x 2 2
2 a y = 20 x ⇒ y= 2 5 x 2

At (7, −7) we need to take the negative dy −

1
1 = 5x 2
square root to give y = − 7 x 2 dx
When y =10, x = 5 so
dy 7 − 12 dy 1
= − x = 5 ( 5) 2
−
dx 2 dx
At ( 7, −7 ) =1
dy 7 1 At x = 5 the gradient of the tangent is 1 so
(7) 2
−
= − the gradient of the normal is −1.
dx 2
Finding the equation of the normal using
7 y − y1= m ( x − x1 ) with m = −1 at (5, 10)
= −
2 7 gives:
1 −1( x − 5 )
y − 10 =
= −
2 x + y − 15 =0
Finding the equation of the tangent using
1
y − y1= m ( x − x1 ) with m = − at b xy = 9 ⇒ y = 9 x −1
2
dy
( 7, −7 ) gives: = −9 x −2
dx
1
y + 7 =− ( x − 7)  3
At  − , −6 

2
 2 
x + 2y + 7 = 0 −2
dy  3
= −9  − 
16 dx  2
f xy = 16 ⇒ y = ⇒ y = 16 x −1
x 9
= −
dy  3
2
= −16 x −2
dx − 
 2
At x = 2 2 , y = 4 2 = −4
dy
( ) 3
−2
= −16 2 2 At x = − the gradient of the tangent is
dx 2
−16 1
= −4 so the gradient of the normal is .
( ) 4
2
2 2
Finding the equation of the normal using
= −2 1
Finding the equation of the tangent using y − y1= m ( x − x1 ) with m = at
4
y − y1= m ( x − x1 ) with m = −2 at  3 
 − , −6  gives:
(2 )
2, 4 2 gives:  2 
1 3
y−4 2 =
−2 x − 2 2 ( ) y+= 6
4
x+ 
2
2x + y − 8 2 =0 2 x − 8 y − 45 = 0

3 a Since the point P(4, 8) lies on y 2 = 4ax

82 = 4 ( 4 ) a
a=4

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 1
4 a xy = 32 ⇒ y = 32 x −1
3 b y =2
16 x ⇒ y =±4 x 2
dy
1
= −32 x −2
At (4, 8), y = 4 x 2 dx
dy −
1 At x = −2
= 2x 2 dy
−32 ( −2 )
−2
dx =
When x = 4 dx
dy 1 = −8
= 2 ( 4) 2
−
At x = −2 the gradient of the tangent is −8
dx
1
2 so the gradient of the normal is
= = 1 8
2 Find the equation of the normal using
At x = 4 the gradient of the tangent is 1 so 1
the gradient of the normal is −1 . y − y1= m ( x − x1 ) with m = at (−2, −16)
8
Find the equation of the normal using
gives:
y − y1= m ( x − x1 ) with m = −1 at (4, 8)
1
gives: y + 16 = ( x + 2 )
8
y − 8 =− ( x − 4 )
x − 8 y − 126 = 0
x + y − 12 =0
b To find the coordinates of B, substitute
c Q lies on the curve y = 16 x and the line
2
32
y= into x − 8 y − 126 =
0
x + y − 12 = 0 or =
y 12 − x x
Therefore, at Q, (12 − x) 2 =
16 x  32 
x − 8   − 126 = 0
144 − 24 x + x 2 =
16 x  x 
x 2 − 40 x + 144 = 0 x 2 − 126 x − 256 = 0
( x − 4)( x − 36) =0 ( x + 2 )( x − 128) =
0
=x 4= or x 36 −2 or x =
x= 128
x = 4 gives the point P 1
When x = 128, y =
So, at Q, x = 36 and y =
12 − 36 =
−24 4
Thus= Q (36, −24)  1
So B has coordinates 128, 
 4
d The length of PQ
= (36 − 4) 2 + (−24 − 8) 2 5 a P(4, 12) and Q(−8, −6) lie on xy = 48
The gradient of PQ is:
= 322 + (−32) 2 y − yQ
m= P
= 322 + 322 xP − xQ

= 2 × 322 12 − ( −6 )
=
4 − ( −8 )
= 32 2
3
=
2
Find the equation of the line using
3
y − y1= m ( x − x1 ) with m = at (−8, −6)
2
gives:
3
y + 6= ( x + 8)
2
3 x − 2 y + 12 = 0 as required

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5 b Since the normal at A is parallel to PQ it 6 b xy =3 ⇒ y =3 x −1
3 dy
has a gradient of therefore the tangent = −3 x −2
2 dx
2
at A has a gradient of − When x = 2 3
3
dy
( )
−2
xy = 48 ⇒ y = 48 x −1
= −3 2 3
dx
dy
= −48 x −2 1
dx = −
4
dy
Since represents the gradient At x = 2 3 the gradient of the tangent is
dx
1
2 − so the gradient of the normal is 4
−48 x −2 =− 4
3
48 2 3
= At x = 2 3 , y =
x2 3 2
Find the equation of the normal using
x 2 = 72
y − y1= m ( x − x1 ) with m = 4 at
x = ±6 2
 3
When x = 6 2 , y = 4 2 and when  2 3,  gives:
 2 
x = −6 2 , y = −4 2
3
So the possible coordinates of A are y− (
= 4 x−2 3 )
( )
6 2, 4 2 and −6 2, −4 2 ( ) 2
2 y − 3 =8 x − 16 3

3 8 x − 2 y − 15 3 =
0
6 a x= 3t , y = , t ∈ , t ≠ 0
t
x 3
x= 3t ⇒ t= c Substituting y = into
x
3
0 gives:
8 x − 2 y − 15 3 =
x 3
Substituting t = into y = gives: 3
3 t 8 x − 2   − 15 3 =
0
 x
3
y= 8 x 2 − 15 3 x − 6 =0
 x 
 
( −15 3 )
2
 3 15 3 ± − 4 ( 8 )( −6 )
3 x=
= 2 (8)
x
xy = 3 15 3 ± 17 3
=
16
3
x = 2 3 or x = −
8
3
When x = − , y = −8 3
8
 3 
So Q has coordinates  − , −8 3 
 8
 

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7 a P(4t2, 8t) lies on y2 = 16x and on xy = 4 1

Substituting x = 4t2 and y = 8t into xy = 4 7 c y = 2

16 x ⇒ y =±4 x 2

gives: 1
dy −
1
At=(1, 4), y 4= x 2 so 2x 2
8t ( 4t 2 ) = 4 dx
dy 1
= 2 (1) 2
−
32t 3 = 4
dx
1
t3 = =2
8 Find the equation of the tangent using
1 y − y1= m ( x − x1 ) with m = 2 at (1, 4)
t=
2 gives:
P has coordinates (1, 4)
y − 4= 2 ( x − 1)
b xy = 4 ⇒ y = 4 x −1 2x − y + 2 = 0
dy The tangent meets the x-axis at T where
= −4 x −2 y = 0 so
dx
2x − ( 0) + 2 = 0
When x = 1
dy x = −1
= −4 (1)
−2

dx So T has coordinates (−1, 0)

= −4
1
At x = 1 the gradient of the tangent is −4 d Area NPT = (14 )( 4 )
1 2
so the gradient of the normal is = 28
4
Find the equation of the normal using
1
y − y1= m ( x − x1 ) with m = at (1, 4)
4
gives:
1
y − 4= ( x − 1)
4
x − 4 y + 15 = 0
The normal meets the x-axis at N where
y = 0 so
x − 4 ( 0 ) + 15 = 0
x = −15
So N has coordinates (−15, 0)

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