F4 Tutorial 1

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Chapter Learning Area: Algebra

1 Functions
Fungsi

1.1 Functions / Fungsi

Smart Tip
Function involves two sets, domain and codomain. The elements in a domain are called objects. Images are found in
codomain. A function is a relation such that each object has only one image.
Fungsi melibatkan dua set, domain dan kodomain. Unsur dalam domain dikenali sebagai objek. Imej didapati daripada kodomain. Fungsi ialah
satu hubungan dengan keadaan setiap objek hanya mempunyai satu imej.

Exercise 1 Determine whether each of the following relations is a function or not. Give your reason.
Tentukan sama ada setiap hubungan yang berikut ialah fungsi atau bukan. Berikan alasan anda.
TP 1 Mempamerkan pengetahuan asas tentang fungsi.

Example 1 1 2
2 a 3 6
a 3 b 12
b 24 5
5 c 15
c 7 d 7 21
d 27

Solution
This relation is a function because
each object has only one image.
Hubungan ini ialah satu fungsi kerana
setiap objek hanya mempunyai satu imej.

3 4 5
1 p a 1 1
p
2 q b 2 2
q
3 r c 3 3
r
4 s d 4 4

Exercise 2 Determine whether each of the following graphs is a function or not. Give your reason.
Tentukan sama ada setiap graf yang berikut ialah fungsi atau bukan. Berikan alasan anda.
TP 1 Mempamerkan pengetahuan asas tentang fungsi.

Example 2 1 y 2 y
y
Solution
The graph x
x
is a function O O
x
O because when
tested with
vertical line, there is only one
point that cuts the graph.
Graf ini ialah satu fungsi kerana
apabila diuji dengan garis
mencancang, hanya wujud satu titik
sahaja yang memotong graf itu.

Modul A+ SPM AddMath F4 2021 C1 3rd.indd 1 19/10/2020 2:35:55 PM


3 y
4 y 5
y

x
x O
O x
O

Exercise 3 State the domain, codomain and the range of the following functions.
Nyatakan domain, kodomain dan julat bagi fungsi berikut.
TP 1 Mempamerkan pengetahuan asas tentang fungsi.

Example 3
x 4x

•4
Smart Tip
1•
•6 1 Domain contains the objects only.
2• •8 Domain mengandungi objek sahaja.
3• •10 2 Codomain contains images and non-images.
•12 Kodomain mengandungi imej dan bukan imej.
3 Range contains the images only.
Set P Set Q Julat mengandungi imej sahaja.

Solution
Domain = {1, 2, 3} Codomain/Kodomain = {4, 6, 8, 10, 12}
Domain = {1, 2, 3} Range/Julat = {4, 8, 12}

Common Error
{(1, 2), (–2, 5), (3, 8)}
Domain = (–2, 1, 3)
Codomain/Kodomain = (2, 5, 8)
Range/Julat = (2, 5, 8)

This is wrong because the set notation of domain, codomain and range is { }. The correct answer for domain is {–2, 1, 3}.
Salah kerana tatatanda set bagi domain, kodomain dan julat ialah { }. Jawapan yang betul bagi domain ialah {–2, 1, 3}.

1 2
7• • 49 4• •16
• 30 3• •12
2• •9
5• • 25
–3• •8
–5 • • 24 –4• •4
Set P Set Q Set G Set H


Domain = Domain =

Codomain/Kodomain = Codomain/ Kodomain =

Range/Julat = Range/Julat =

Modul A+ SPM AddMath F4 2021 C1 3rd.indd 2 19/10/2020 2:35:58 PM


3 {(1, a), (2, b), (3, a), (4, c)} 4 {(a, p), (b, p), (c, p), (d, q)}

Domain = Domain =

Codomain/Kodomain = Codomain/Kodomain =

Range/Julat = Range/Julat =

5 Set Q 6
Set G

8 4
0 3
–1 0
Set P Set F
–1 0 2 –1 0 2

Domain = Domain =

Codomain/Kodomain = Codomain/Kodomain =

Range/Julat = Range/Julat =

Modul A+ SPM AddMath F4 2021 C1 3rd.indd 3 19/10/2020 2:35:59 PM


Exercise 7 Complete the table and sketch the graph for the domain given. Then, find the range of the
function.
Lengkapkan jadual dan lakarkan graf bagi domain yang diberi. Kemudian, cari julat bagi fungsi itu.
TP 3 Mengaplikasikan kefahaman tentang fungsi untuk melaksanakan tugasan mudah.

Example 7 1 f(x) = |x2 – 4|; – 2  x  3 2 f(x) = |x + 1|; –2  x  2

f(x) = |2x – 3|; –1  x  3 x –2 0 x –2 2


Solution f(x) 0 5 f(x) 0

3
x –1 3
2
f(x) 5 0 3

f(x)

3 Range
Julat
Range/Julat: Range/Julat:

x
–1 0 3 3
2

Range/Julat: 0  f(x)  5

h(x)

3
3 h(x) = |2x + 3|; –2  x  1 4 h(x) = |x2 – 1|; –2  x  2 5 f(x) = |x2 – 4|; – 2  x  3

x –2 –1 x –2 0
x –2 1
h(x) 1 0 3 f(x) 0 5
h(x) 0 3 5 x
–2 –1 0 1 2

Range/Julat: Range/Julat: Range/Julat:

f(x)

x
–2 0 2 3

Modul A+ SPM AddMath F4 2021 C1 3rd.indd 6 19/10/2020 2:36:02 PM

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