Important things in Into to Globalization: 1.

Lessened the role of women in economics

Definition to History. 2. Child labor

1. Innovation is the driving force of GLB. 3. Emergence of "family wage economy"

2. It is important to upskill or acquire new skills. 4. Families were considered important clients of
business.
- CPD - certificate for prof development
5. Trade Union was established
3. Businesses change
• Luddites - earliest form of group action
- competitors that led to burning and destroying
machines
- risk is ALWAYS THERE
6. Slavery
- SMEs - Small and Medium Enterprises The Second Industrial Revolution
- Enterprises Technological Revolution
The First industrial Revolution 1. Alexander Graham Bell – telephone

• Farmers and craftsmen became industry 2. Thomas Edison

workers
- Edison bulb
• Textiles/Cotton
-telegraph
• Rise of Factories

Goal: Produce more material at a faster rate 3. Joseph Snow - incandescent lightbulb

✓ Power loom and Spinning Jenny (1st

✓ Savoy Theatre
✓ Electricity
innovation)
✓ coal - coal mining 4. Michael faraday – electromagnetic

New Industry and Technology

Organized Work
Benz and Ford
✓ Division of labor
✓ Specialized function - workers are - They began using steel
divided into a group/batch doing specific machineries were easily maintained
functions
The cold war and USSR
Improved Trading
USSR - Union of Soviet Socialist Republic
✓ Railroads was invented
- Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan,
✓ Steam engines powered by coals
Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan
✓ reefer - refrigerated cargo ships
✓ Phonograph and other earliest form of Iron Curtain
communication
The Berlin Wall
Improved way of Life
East - Soviets
✓ John Maynard Keynes West - Western EU countries
- Economist
Social Impacts
Social-economic Impacts and Environmental
issues
Benefits of 1st and 2nd
1. larger provisions of food.
- no famine, no shortage of food
- less crop failures
2. greater distribution of wealth
Cons of 2nd industrial rev.
1.Air pollution
2.Disposing of chemicals in the sewage system.
Public health and sanitation
GLOBALIZATION 4.0
New frontier
activities that highly involves the internet.
- digitization
cyber world and the digital economy
cyberworld: AI and 3d printing
Digital economy: e-commerce and other digital
services
threats: deforestation and climate change
Amazon rainforest - Green lungs of the world
New word powers: USA and CHINA
GLB 4.0 - phenomena driven by technology and
the movement of ideas, people and goods
Starlink - Elon Musk
SEZ - any locality or province that has a special or
different policy regarding trade and industry and
taxes to attract foreign investments.
tax incentives
adopt a school program
tax reduction and/or exemptions
features of sez:
1. tax incentives and policies for easier trade
2. zones under sez has rapid eco growth
some disadvantages: high crime rate, illegal
activities etc.
Xi Jinping's initiative: Belt and the Road
China and Pakistan economic corridor
The world is flat
- every day more and more people are connected
- the world is getting smaller
1993 - Netscape
Navigator
Adressen and Clark
- digitization for every occurrence like the use of
word, sharing files, film, pictures etc. that would
access in computers by all people.
Bill Gates - Internet explorer
2. Workflow software
- are software that enables the process, set-up
and monitoring of processes in the workplace.
ex: Monday.com
-Collaboration
slack
IoT - internet of things
Offshoring -> geographical activities
- relocates a department or manufacturing from
1 country to other.
LOST COST
- LOW COST
Outsourcing - operation, services hiring 3rd
parties, strategy to have other people perform
business operations.
Freelancing
B2B - business to business companies
allocation of services
neoclassical- believes that the government
should protect the individual
liberalism - removing the hindrances in achieving
our freedom
elusive - difficult to acquire
means - ability to purchase
Free market - equal opportunity, equal economic
and trade opportunities
freedom of choice
liberalism fight or combat abuse of power
Government is made up of PEOPLE – HUMANS
Protects our individual liberty so that we will not
be abused by authority
Social Contract theory - obedience to the
government so that we can have a guarantee of
peace and security
- neoclassical views
John Stuart MIlls - when people expects the state
to give you freedom, you will blame the state for
any misfortune.
Capitalism may encourage ABUSE
Capitalism is about acquisitiveness so it may
tend to corrupt everyone
Egalitarian society: all people are equal and
deserve equal opportunities and rights.
Realism
International Relations - the interaction of state
and NGO in political, economic and national
security aspects.
cultural exchange
ONE VOICE - it is the representation of aims,
goals, desires of people
State leaders are rational actors in decision
making
- he can decide best for our national interest
some people do not believe in cause - goals of
I.R = Globalization has become a strategy
- strategy to advance interest
- in I.R we are apolitical and anarchaic
anarchic/ anarchy - no political ideology
apolitical - production, construction, discovery of
new materials are spontaneous
N. Machiavelli - the Prince
- a leader should be a lion and a fox
lion - power
fox - deception
- he can choose violence IF necessary for survival
of the state.
K. Waltz - use of scientific measures or methods
in in decision making
- action should be based on your "status"
compared to other nations.
Marxism
- CAPITALIST: workers are replaceable
- workers have little power in Capitalism
- struggle of social classes
Age of the extreme: Gilded age - extreme poor
and extreme rich
Solve: private ownership -> collective ownership
Constructivism
- globalization happened because of US - needs,
wants and we created symbols, languages, and
interpretation.
- English as a universal language
Small state - focused on survival
Large state - dominating global political,
economic, and military affairs
structure - material and ideational elements
- if we do not like something dep of structure we
act/become hostile.
Nature of reality - knowledge that are based on
ontology and epistemology
ontology - nature of things
epistemology - theory of knowledge and
methods.