axons “hitchhike” on the carotid

arteries and
branches to reach their destinations,
which include
the blood vessels supplying the
SI 17
lacrimal, salivary,
and nasopharyngeal glands, the eye
and dilator
pupillae muscle, and remaining
tissues.
Middle cervical ganglion:
Supplies the neck and heart (via the ST 10
T1-T6
cardiac GV 14177
pulmonary plexus)
Inferior cervical ganglion (may fuse
with the
T1 ganglion to form the stellate
T1-T7 ganglion): ST 11
Supplies the heart, caudal neck, arm,
and posterior
region of the head
Thoracic sympathetic ganglia
(paravertebral
and prevertebral)
• T2-T5 supply the heart and lungs
• T5-T9 form the supply the stomach
and proximal
gut (fibers synapse in the celiac
ganglion)
• T8 to L2 supply the adrenal gland
• T7 to L1 supply the superior
mesenteric ganglion
GV or BL points at related spinal
T1-T12 • T9-T11 supply the superior
levels178
mesenteric ganglion
• T9-T10 supply the inferior
mesenteric ganglion
• T12 supplies the renal ganglion
• T12 fibers may also synapse in the
aorticorenal
ganglion (the combined superior
mesenteric, renal,
and inferior mesenteric ganglia)
which supplies the
kidney
Lumbar Sympathetic Ganglia
Axons from all lumbar ganglia region
spinal nerves
supplying the abdominal wall and
pelvic limbs.
Axons from most lumbar ganglia also
L1-L5 join the
abdominal plexuses.
Fibers from lower lumbar sympathetic
nerves
migrate along the iliac arteries and
branches to
innervate pelvic vessels.
S1-S4 Sacral Sympathetic Ganglia
The pelvic sympathetic chains fuse in
the midline,
anterior to the coccyx, to form the
ganglion impar.
Postganglionic branches supply the
wall of the
pelvis and the pelvic limbs.
Branches destined for the distal colon
or pelvic
viscera form the superior and inferior
hypogastric
plexuses.
The superior hypogastric plexus lies
below the
origin of the common iliac arteries.
The inferior hypogastric plexus is also
called the
pelvic plexus, and is located deep
within the pelvis,
close to the pelvic nerves.