Beam Analysis & Design Formula (WSD & USD Method)

Faruque Abdullah
Practical Engineering
 Singly Analysis
∈𝑢 = 0.003
2 #5 bar For Analysis
∈𝑦 = 0.002
WSD USD
Main bar
𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑐 ′ ∈𝑢
ρ= ; 𝜌𝑏 = 0.85𝛽1
𝑏𝑑 𝑓𝑦 ∈𝑢 +∈𝑦

ρ=
𝐴𝑠 ρ ≤ 𝜌𝑏 ρ > 𝜌𝑏
𝑏𝑑
𝐸𝑠 Under reinforced beam & Over reinforced beam &
n= steel yields at failure concrete yields at failure
𝐸𝑐
𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 𝑎
k = (ρ𝑛)2 +2ρ𝑛 - ρ𝑛 a= a= ;c=
𝑘 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏 𝑏
j=1- φ = 0.483 + 83.3 ∈𝑡 𝑐 − 𝑑′
3 𝑓𝑠 = 𝐸𝑠 ∈𝑢 x ≤ 𝑓𝑦
𝑓𝑐 𝑑−𝑐 𝑐
𝑀𝑐 = bjk𝑑 2 ∈𝑡 = ∈𝑢 x ≤ 0.005
𝑐 φ = 0.483 + 83.3 ∈𝑡
2
𝑎 𝑑−𝑐
𝑀𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑠 jd 𝑀𝑛 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 (d - ) ∈𝑡 = ∈𝑢 x ≤ 0.005
2 𝑐
Min between 𝑀𝑐 & 𝑀𝑠 𝑀𝑢 = φ𝑀𝑛 𝑎
𝑀𝑛 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 (d - )
2
𝑀𝑢 = φ𝑀𝑛
 Singly Design

WSD USD
∈𝑢 = 0.003
w = (DL + SW) + LL 𝑤𝑢 = 1.2 (DL + SW) + 1.6 LL For Design
𝑤 𝐿2 𝑤 𝐿2 𝑤 𝐿2 𝑤 𝐿2 ∈𝑦 = 0.005
M= or 𝑀𝑢 = 𝑢 or 𝑢
8 2 8 2
𝐸𝑠 φ = 0.9 for design
n=
𝐸𝑐 𝑓𝑐 ′ ∈𝑢
𝑓
r= 𝑠 ρ = 0.85𝛽1
𝑓𝑦 ∈𝑢 +∈𝑦
𝑓𝑐
𝑛 2 𝛽 ρ𝑓𝑦
k= 𝑀𝑢 = φρb𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑞 (1 - ) 2 #5 bar
𝑛+𝑟 ∝ 𝑓𝑐 ′
𝑘 If, 𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑞 < d (Singly)
j=1-
3 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦
𝑓 a= Main bar
R = 𝑐 jk ′
0.85𝑓𝑐 𝑏
2
𝑀𝑢
𝑀 𝐴𝑠 =
𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑞 = < d (Singly) 𝜑𝑓𝑦 (d - 𝑎2)
𝑅𝑏
𝑀
𝐴𝑠 =
𝑓𝑠 𝑗𝑑
 Doubly Analysis

𝐴𝑠2 WSD USD ∈𝑦 = 0.004

′ 𝐴𝑠 ′ 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑐 ′ ∈𝑢
ρ= ;ρ= ; 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.85𝛽1
𝐴𝑠1 𝑏𝑑 𝑏𝑑 𝑓𝑦 ∈𝑢 +∈𝑦
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 < ρ [It should be doubly reinforced beam analysis] 𝐴𝑠 ′
𝜌𝑐𝑦 = 0.85𝛽1
𝑓𝑐 ′ ∈𝑢 𝑑 ′
+ ρ′ 𝐴𝑠
𝑓𝑦 ∈𝑢 +∈𝑦 𝑑

𝐸𝑠 𝑓 ∈𝑦 = 0.002
n= ;r= 𝑠
𝐸𝑐 𝑓𝑐
𝑛 𝑘 𝜌𝑐𝑦 ≤ ρ 𝜌𝑐𝑦 > ρ
k= ;j=1 -
𝑛+𝑟 3 Compression bar will yield when Compression bar will not yield
𝑓
𝑀1 = 𝑐 bjk𝑑 2 beam fails when beam fails
2
𝑀 𝑀𝑛1 = 𝐴𝑠 ′ 𝑓𝑦 (d-𝑑 ′ ) 𝑀𝑛1 = 𝐴𝑠 ′ 𝑓𝑠 ′ (d-𝑑′ )
𝐴𝑠1 = 1 𝑀𝑛2 =(𝐴𝑠 − 𝐴𝑠 ′ )𝑓𝑦 (d-𝑑 ′ ) 𝑀𝑛2 = 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑎𝑏(d - )
𝑎
𝑓𝑠 𝑗𝑑
2
𝐴𝑠2 = 𝐴𝑠 - 𝐴𝑠1 (𝐴𝑠 −𝐴𝑠 ′ )𝑓𝑦 ′ ′ ′
𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑠 + 0.85𝑓𝑐 𝑎𝑏 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦
a=
𝑘
′
− 𝑑 ൗ𝑑 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏 ′ 𝑐 − 𝑑′
′ 𝑓𝑠 = 𝐸𝑠 ∈𝑢 x
𝑓𝑠 = 2 𝑓𝑠 ≤ 𝑓𝑠 𝑀𝑛 = 𝑀𝑛1 + 𝑀𝑛2 𝑐
; a = c𝛽1
1 −𝑘
𝑀2 = 𝐴𝑠2 𝑓𝑠 (d-𝑑 ′ ) φ = 0.483 + 83.3 ∈𝑡 By solving the above two
= 𝐴𝑠2 𝑓𝑠 ′ (d-𝑑 ′ )
Lowest ∈𝑡 = ∈𝑢 x
𝑑−𝑐
≤ 0.005 equation we get, 𝑓𝑠 ′ & a value
One 𝑐
𝑀𝑛 = 𝑀𝑛1 + 𝑀𝑛2
M = 𝑀1 + 𝑀2 𝑀𝑢 = φ𝑀𝑛
𝑀𝑢 = φ𝑀𝑛
 Doubly Design

WSD USD

𝐸𝑠 𝑓𝑠 𝑛 𝑘 𝑓𝑐 𝑓𝑐 ′ ∈𝑢
n=
𝐸𝑐
;r=
𝑓𝑐
;k=
𝑛+𝑟
;j=1- ;R=
3 2
jk ρ = 0.85𝛽1
𝑓𝑦 ∈𝑢 +∈𝑦
𝑀 𝛽 ρ𝑓𝑦
𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑞 = > d (Doubly) 𝑀𝑢 = φρb𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑞 2 (1 - )
𝑅𝑏 ∝ 𝑓𝑐 ′

𝑀1 =
𝑓𝑐
bjk𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑓 2 [φ = 0.9 for design]
2 If, 𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑞 > d (Doubly)
𝑀
𝐴𝑠1 = 1 𝐴𝑠 ′ 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦
𝑓𝑠 𝑗𝑑 𝐴𝑠 = ρb𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑓 ; a =
0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏
𝑀2 = M - 𝑀1 𝐴𝑠 𝑎
𝑀2 𝑀𝑛 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 (d − )
𝐴𝑠2 = ′
2
𝑓𝑠 (𝑑 − 𝑑 ) 𝑀𝑢
′ 𝑀1 = - 𝑀𝑛
𝑘 − 𝑑 ൗ𝑑 𝜑
𝑓𝑠 ′ = 2 𝑓𝑠 ≤ 𝑓𝑠 ′ 𝑐 − 𝑑′
1 −𝑘
′ 𝑀2 𝑓𝑠 = 𝐸𝑠 ∈𝑢 x ≤ 𝑓𝑦
𝐴𝑠 = 𝑐
𝑓𝑠 ′ (𝑑 − 𝑑 ′ ) 𝐴𝑠 ′ =
𝑀1
Tension side reinforcement, 𝐴𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠1 + 𝐴𝑠2 𝑓𝑠 ′ (𝑑 − 𝑑 ′ )
Compression reinforcement, 𝐴𝑠 ′ Tension side reinforcement, 𝐴𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠1 + 𝐴𝑠2
Compression reinforcement, 𝐴𝑠 ′