Civil / Structural Engineering Horizontal Vessel and Exchanger Foundations

Civil / Structural Engineering
Horizontal Vessel and DG-CSE-20302
Exchanger Foundations Document No.

Design Guideline Rev. 1
REVISION and APPROVALS

Rev. Date Description By Chkd Appd
0 25MAY11 Initial Issue (EG-1904) DM DM CS
1 23JAN12 Revised Per Tech. Review DM DM CS
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Document is valid only at time of printing. See myMustang® for latest revision.
DG-CSE-20302 Page 1 of 62
DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Horizontal Vessel and Exchanger Foundations
Rev. 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 SCOPE / OVERVIEW................................................................................................................. 4
2.0 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................... 4
2.1 Wood Group Mustang Documents ................................................................................ 4
2.2 Codes and Standards.................................................................................................... 4
3.0 DEFINITIONS............................................................................................................................. 4
3.1 Clarification of Terms .................................................................................................... 4
3.2 Abbreviations and Acronyms ......................................................................................... 4
4.0 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES ............................................................................................ 5
4.1 Civil / Structural Engineering Lead ................................................................................ 5
4.2 Civil / Structural Engineering Staff ................................................................................. 5
5.0 DESIGN DATA........................................................................................................................... 5
5.1 Vessel / Exchanger Drawings and Calculations ............................................................. 5
5.2 Plot Plan and Equipment Layout Drawings .................................................................... 5
5.3 Project Design Criteria .................................................................................................. 6
5.4 Other ............................................................................................................................. 6
6.0 DESIGN CONDITIONS .............................................................................................................. 6
6.1 Vertical Loads ............................................................................................................... 6
6.2 Wind Loads (W) ............................................................................................................ 8
6.3 Earthquake Loads (E) ................................................................................................... 9
6.4 Bundle Pull (Bp) .......................................................................................................... 10
6.5 Thermal Force (Tf) ...................................................................................................... 10
6.6 Additional General Requirements ................................................................................ 11
6.7 Load Combinations ..................................................................................................... 11
7.0 SLIDE PLATES ........................................................................................................................ 13
7.1 Materials ..................................................................................................................... 13
7.2 Sizing .......................................................................................................................... 14
8.0 ANCHOR BOLTS..................................................................................................................... 15
9.0 WALL PIER DESIGN ............................................................................................................... 15
9.1 Sizing .......................................................................................................................... 15
9.2 Reinforcing .................................................................................................................. 15
10.0 COLUMN DESIGN ................................................................................................................... 16
10.1 Sizing .......................................................................................................................... 16
10.2 Reinforcing .................................................................................................................. 17
11.0 FOOTING DESIGN .................................................................................................................. 17
11.1 Sizing .......................................................................................................................... 17
11.2 Stability Ratio .............................................................................................................. 17
11.3 Soil Bearing or Pile Reactions ..................................................................................... 18
11.4 Reinforcing and Stresses ............................................................................................ 19
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APPENDICES...................................................................................................................................... 20
Appendix 1 - Sample Design Sketch ....................................................................................... 20
Appendix 2 - Exchanger Estimating Charts ............................................................................. 21
Appendix 3 - Biaxial Soil Bearing Pressure Chart.................................................................... 26
Appendix 4 - Stacked Exchangers Foundation Design Example ............................................. 27
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 - Exchangers ............................................................................................................................ 8
Figure 2 - Tube Bundle .......................................................................................................................... 8
Figure 3 - Slide Plate............................................................................................................................ 14
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 - Wind Load Factor .................................................................................................................... 9
Table 2 - Strength Design Load Combinations ..................................................................................... 12
Table 3 - Allowable Stress Load Combinations .................................................................................... 12
Table 4 - Typical Coefficients of Friction............................................................................................... 14
Table 5 - Minimum Wall Pier Reinforcement ........................................................................................ 16
DG-CSE-20302
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Rev. 1
1.0 SCOPE / OVERVIEW

This guide is for use in the design and analysis of foundations for horizontal vessels and
exchangers. The Civil / Structural Design Lead may use proprietary software such as
Foundation 3D or Mat3D for foundation design, once the loads on the vessel are calculated in
accordance with this guideline.
This guideline should be used in conjunction with engineering guidelines: “Civil / Structural
Engineering Onshore Design Philosophy” and “Civil / Structural Engineering Onshore
Engineering, found on myMustang®.
2.0 REFERENCES
2.1 Wood Group Mustang Documents
DPG-CSE-20101 Civil / Structural Engineering Onshore Design Philosophy
DPG-CSE-20102 Civil / Structural Engineering Onshore Engineering
DWG-CSD-10010 Anchor Bolt Schedule
2.2 Codes and Standards
The recommendations in this guideline are based on the following documents:
• American Concrete Institute (ACI) CI 318-08 - “Building Code Requirements for
Structural Concrete and Commentary”
• American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) 7-05 - “Minimum Design Loads for
Buildings and Other Structures”
• International Building Code (IBC) 2006
3.0 DEFINITIONS
3.1 Clarification of Terms
As noted in the body of this guideline.
3.2 Abbreviations and Acronyms
ACI American Concrete Institute
ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers
Bp Bundle pull
De Empty Weight
°F Degree Fahrenheit
Dia. Diameter
Do Operating Weight
Dt Field Test Weight
E Earthquake Loads
ft foot / feet
kip 1,000 pounds
IBC International Building Code
in. inch / inches
in./ft. inch per foot
< less than
DG-CSE-20302
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> greater than

lbs. pounds
lbs./in. pounds per inch
max. maximum
min. minimum
O.D. outside diameter
% percent
psi pounds per square inch
TEMA Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association
Tf Thermal Force
W Wind Loads
4.0 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

4.1 Civil / Structural Engineering Lead
The Civil / Structural Engineering Lead is responsible for the overall completion of all
Civil / Structural activities on a project. The Civil / Structural Engineering Lead shall also
provide guidance to the Civil / Structural Engineering Staff when design issues arise that
are not addressed in this guideline.
4.2 Civil / Structural Engineering Staff
Civil / Structural Engineering Staff are responsible for designing foundations in
accordance with this guideline.
5.0 DESIGN DATA

The Civil / Structural Engineering Staff shall obtain the following information prior to designing
and analyzing the foundations.
5.1 Vessel / Exchanger Drawings and Calculations
• Empty and Operating weights.
• Bundle weight, if removable.
• Equipment and Saddle Dimensions.
• Insulation type and thickness.
• Shell inlet and outlet operating temperature and shell material.
• Wind / seismic shear and moment at base of saddle.
• Number, size, location, and grade (tensile strength) of anchor bolts.
• Ladder and platform locations.
5.2 Plot Plan and Equipment Layout Drawings
• Centerline elevation of the vessel / exchanger.
• Orientation of vessel / exchanger.
• Location of vessel / exchanger by coordinates of centerline.
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5.3 Project Design Criteria

• Allowable soil bearing pressure, coefficient of horizontal friction and passive
pressure.
• Allowable pile capacities, if applicable.
• Groundwater table elevation (for buoyancy).
• Bottom of foundation elevation.
• Concrete and reinforcing strength.
• Frost depth.
• Wind and seismic design parameters.
5.4 Other
• Existing or proposed foundations in the vicinity.
• Existing or proposed underground piping.
• Existing or proposed electrical and instrument underground duct banks.
• Existing or proposed drainage items including trenches, ditches, catch basins, and
manholes.
• Other interferences such as adjacent new structures, ribs for weather barrier, etc. not
otherwise shown on the vessel drawing.
• Sufficient space to accommodate tube bundle removal and indicate if monorails and
pulling beams or other means shall be utilized for the removal of tube bundles from
exchangers.
6.0 DESIGN CONDITIONS

6.1 Vertical Loads
6.1.1 Fabricated Weight
Dead weight of vessel / exchanger excluding internals, piping, platforms,
insulation, and fireproofing.
6.1.2 Erected Weight
Fabricated weight of vessel / exchanger plus all of the removable internals,
ladders, platforms, and pipe supports and all the items that are intended to be
erected with the vessel.
6.1.3 Empty Weight (De)
Weight of vessel / exchanger plus all of the removable internals, ladders,
platforms, insulation, and fireproofing. The weight does not include any liquid
contents, catalyst contents, or platform live loads. The vendor dry and wet
weights of exchangers typically include the bundle weight.
6.1.4 Operating Weight (Do)
Weight of the vessel / exchanger plus all of the removable internals, ladders,
platforms, insulation, fireproofing, design liquid level, catalyst contents, and
attached piping weight and pipe supports. Normally 3 percent (%) of the
fabricated weight is added by Wood Group Mustang’s Vessel Group to account
for the attached piping.
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For exchangers, assume operating weight to be full of water, unless specific data
is available from vendor drawings. An additional 10 to 20% allowance may be
included for attached piping when the weight is provided by the vendor and not
by the vessel department. For exchangers add 20% for piping weights. For
stacked exchangers, use only 20% of one vessel for piping weights (Refer to
Figure 1). For vessels, add 10 to 20% based on the diameter (for example, 20%
for vessels with diameters less than (<) 2-feet (ft), 10% for vessels with diameters
6-ft, or more and 15% otherwise).
When preliminary vessel / exchanger information is being used, an additional 5 to
15% contingency, based on engineering judgment, may also be added to
account for changes in the vessel / exchanger weight. The operating weight
does not include live or snow load.
6.1.5 Field Test Weight (Dt)
Operating weight of the vessel / exchanger including the water required for
hydrostatic test in lieu of the design liquid level and catalyst contents.
6.1.6 Tube Bundle Weight
The weight of the internal removable bundles in a heat exchanger (Figure 2).
Always request bundle weight from vendor if it is not supplied initially.
6.1.7 Estimating Weights
At times, it may be necessary to estimate weights of exchangers in order to
expedite foundation design. This should be done using the exchanger
specifications and charts provided in Appendix 2 or from similar exchangers used
on previous jobs for similar service.
6.1.8 Load Distribution
Loads for vessels should normally be divided equally between the two (2) piers;
for exchangers, typical distribution is 60% to the channel (flanged, Figure1) end
and 40% to the other end (shell end). Some cases; however, may require a
more extensive analysis in order to determine proper distribution.
Reasons for uneven distribution can include saddle spacing, piping
configurations, other equipment, exchanger type, platform configuration, and
special vessel / exchanger details. For example, if the location of the saddles
does not accurately represent a 60/40 (channel end/shell end) split of the
exchanger length, the load shall be based on actual support locations and weight
distributions.
All of the above shall be considered as “dead-load” for application of concrete
design load factors.
In cases where a vessel / exchanger supports a platform, live-loads shall be
taken into account per Project Design Criteria.
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Figure 1 - Exchangers
Channel End
S in g le Exc h a n ge r
Stacked Exchangers
Figure 2 - Tube Bundle
Tube Bundle
6.2 Wind Loads (W)

Wind loads available from vendor data or vessel department shall not be used unless
verified by independent calculations in accordance with project design criteria. No
allowance shall be made for shielding effect due to adjacent structures or equipment.
6.2.1 Transverse Wind
Wind loads shall be calculated in accordance with the provisions of (ASCE 7) or
in accordance with Project Design Criteria. Cylindrical surface wind pressure
shall be applied on the projected area as a horizontal load at the centerline. To
approximate the effect of all projections such as piping, piers, platforms, etc., the
projected area shall be increased by a wind load factor as noted below.
The wind load factor shall be applied to the overall outside diameter (equipment
diameter + thickness of insulation / fireproofing) to determine an effective
diameter:
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Table 1 - Wind Load Factor
Overall Diameter Wind Load Factor

Dia. ≤ 36-in. 2.0
36-in. < Dia. ≤ 54-in. 1.8
54-in < Dia. ≤ 78-in. 1.7
78-in. < Dia. ≤ 102-in. 1.6
102-in. < Dia. 1.5
Effective Diameter = Wind Load Factor x Overall outside diameter (O.D.).
When large platform configurations are encountered, use good engineering

judgment to increase loading.
Effective Platform Wind Area = Projected Area of Platform Support Member
• +1-ft for handrails
• +10% of Platform Width (or Length)
Transverse wind on the side of the vessel / exchanger shall be applied as a
shear load at the centerline of the vessel resolved as moment and shear loads at
the top of the pedestal.
When the vessel / exchanger is supported 10-ft. or more above grade, include
wind load on exposed pier or column areas.
6.2.2 Longitudinal Wind
Flat surface wind pressure on the end of the vessel / exchanger shall be applied
as a horizontal load at the centerline of the vessel / exchanger. Wind is applied
to a rectangular projected surface. The longitudinal wind area shall be a
rectangle with width equal to effective vessel / exchanger diameter and height
equal to difference in elevations of top of vessel and bottom of saddle.
Flat surface wind pressure on the exposed area of both piers shall be applied as
a horizontal load at the centroid of the pier area exposed above paving or grade,
when judged significant.
Longitudinal wind loads shall be applied as a shear load at the centerline of the
vessel to the top of the pedestal resolved as a shear and reaction couple applied
to each pier. If the shear at the sliding end has exceeded the allowable friction
force, all shear shall be applied at the fixed end.
6.3 Earthquake Loads (E)
Earthquake loads available from vendor data or vessel department shall not be used
unless verified by independent calculations in accordance with Project Design Criteria.
Earthquake loads shall be applied proportionately to the vertical load distribution.
Wall piers shall be considered rigid for seismic analysis.
Earthquake loads, due to pier, shall be determined by using 1/2 of the mass of the pier
above the footing and applying the resulting load conservatively at the top of the pier.
Any damping due to soil mass is neglected.
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For load combinations in Section 6.7, the following designations are used:
• E0 = Earthquake load considering unfactored operating dead load and applicable
portion of the unfactored structure dead load.
• Ee = Earthquake load considering unfactored empty dead load and applicable
portion of the unfactored structure dead load.
Longitudinal seismic loads shall be resisted by the fixed end wall pier.
6.4 Bundle Pull (Bp)
For exchangers, a longitudinal horizontal load for tube bundle removal equal to 30% of
the bundle weight +100-pounds per inch (lbs./in.) of diameter with a minimum of 2,000-
pounds (lbs.), or as per Project Design Criteria, shall be applied at the center of the
exchanger. For stacked exchangers of nearly equal weight, the load shall be applied
longitudinally at the center of the top exchanger. It is assumed only one (1) bundle is
pulled at a time. Bundle pull loads shall be resisted by friction on both piers. When the
friction force is overcome on the sliding support, the entire load shall be resisted by the
fixed pier. Bundle pull loads shall be assumed to act in either direction longitudinally.
Traditionally, in heavy crude units, a bundle pull force equal to 1.5-times the bundle
weight has been used.
Exchangers that are Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association (TEMA) rear types
L, M, N, and W do not have removable bundles and thus will not have a bundle pull load
to consider. For this case, a minimum of 1-kip of rodding force shall be applied in the
longitudinal direction.
6.5 Thermal Force (Tf)
Longitudinal load on the foundation induced by the thermal growth of the vessel /
exchanger between supports shall be considered. Thermal loads shall be treated as
dead load when applying concrete design load factors. The thermal load shall be based
on operating (not design) temperatures of the shell. Equal and opposite thermal loads
shall be applied at the tops of the piers.
The thermal load is the load required to overcome static friction between the support and
the slide plate. The value of this load is taken as the coefficient of friction times the
vertical reaction due to operating loads on the sliding pier applied longitudinally at the
top of the pier. (See Section 7.1 for typical coefficients of friction).
For exchangers, the temperature used to check thermal expansion shall be the average
of the shell inlet and outlet operating temperatures.
When the thermal load required to deflect the piers by 1/2 the amount of total
temperature expansion between the piers is smaller than the friction load, it shall govern.
Engineering judgment shall be applied when using this equation for pedestals, which
extend significantly below grade as the soil will form a passive wedge and paving around
the pedestal may significantly shorten the assumed length.
∆ = CeD(T - 70°F)
3EI∆ 1
Fd = •
L3 2
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Where:
∆ = Total expansion between piers, (in.)
-5
Ce = Coefficient of thermal expansion, (7.8 x 10 in./ft./°F for mild steel and
-4
1.18 x 10 in./ft./°F for stainless steel)
D = Distance between piers (ft.)
E = 57000 f ' c, psi (3605 ksi for f ' c = 4,000-psi and
3122 ksi for f ' c =3,000 psi)
Ff = Friction load (vessel weight x coefficient of friction, m)
Fd = Thermal load required to deflect pier
bt 3
I= 4
, Moment of Inertia, (in )
12
b = wall pier width (in), t = wall pier thickness (in)
L = Pedestal Length (Top of footing to bottom of saddle)
T = Operating temperature (°F)
The thermal load is an internal load which can be substantially relieved by bending of the
saddles, rotation of the supporting piers or footings, or sliding of the saddles on the
supports. Therefore, the allowable soil bearing pressure may be increased by 25% and
the stability ratio may be neglected when thermal loads are considered. In some cases;
however, where large movements or poor soil conditions exist, the Civil / Structural
Design Lead may not wish to increase the allowable soil bearing pressure.
6.6 Additional General Requirements
The saddle to pier connection shall be considered fixed for transverse loads.
The saddle to pier connection shall be considered pinned for longitudinal loads. This will
introduce a vertical up and down force couple to the piers.
Loads due to expansion of piping shall be included in applicable combination when
judged significant. For large (>8-in.) piping, consult with the pipe stress engineer for
loads.
It may be necessary to include loads on the foundation from required piping supports or
platforms. These loads will cause eccentricities, which must be evaluated.
6.7 Load Combinations
6.7.1 Strength Design Load Combinations
The strength design load combinations and associated load factors in Table 2
below shall apply for concrete design, unless Project Design Criteria dictate
otherwise.
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Table 2 - Strength Design Load Combinations
Load Combination Design Load Factors
Operating 1.4(Do+ Ds) + 1.4 Tf (or Ff)
Operating + Live 1.2(Do+ Ds) + 1.6(L) + 1.2 Tf (or Ff)
Operating + Wind + Live 1.2(Do+ Ds) + 1.6W + f1L
Operating + Seismic + Live (1.2+0.2 SDS) (Do+ Ds)+ 1.0E + f1L
Empty + Wind 0.9(De+ Ds) + 1.6W
Empty + Seismic (0.9-0.2 SDS) (De+ Ds)+ 1.0E
Empty + Bundle Pull 0.9(De+ Ds) + 1.6BP
Test 1.4(Dt+ Ds)
Test + Wind (or Live) 1.2(Dt+ Ds) +1.6 (0.25W or 0.25L)
Where:
Ds = Dead Load of Structure (weight of the foundation and soil above the
foundation resisting uplift)
SDS = Design Earthquake Spectral Response Acceleration for short periods.
Per ASCE 7, it may be taken as 0, if SDS is <0.125.
f1 = 0.5 (f1=1.0 for live loads in excess of 100-psf)
6.7.2 Allowable Stress Load Combinations
Similarly, the following allowable stress design loading combinations and
associated design load factors shall apply to foundation design for bearing
capacity and stability, unless Project Design Criteria dictate otherwise.
Table 3 - Allowable Stress Load Combinations
Load Combination Design Load Factors
Operating (Do+ Ds) + Tf (or Ff)
Operating + Live (Do+ Ds) + Tf (or Ff) + L
Operating + Wind (Do+ Ds) + W
Operating + Seismic (1.0+ 0.14 SDS) (Do+ Ds) + 0.7E
Operating + Live + Wind (Do+ Ds) + 0.75W + 0.75L
Operating + Live + Seismic (1.0+0.105 SDS)(Do+Ds) + 0.525 E + 0.75L
Empty + Wind 0.9(De+ Ds) + W
Empty + Seismic 0.9(De+ Ds) + 0.7E
Dead + Bundle Pull (De+ Ds) + BP
Test + Wind (Live) (Dt+ Ds) + 0.25 (W or L)
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Notes: Factor of Safety (overturning and sliding) > 1.5, for Load Combinations with
0.9D + W (or 0.7E)
Loads due to lateral earth pressure or pressure due to groundwater or bulk
materials (H), shall be treated as live loads with appropriate load factors, without
reduction. Load factor for H shall be set to zero for stability checks, where they
counteract Wind or Seismic Loads.
When required by Project Design Criteria, a combination of erection weight
and/or test weight plus a percentage of wind shall be used.
7.0 SLIDE PLATES

A slide plate (Figure 3) shall normally be provided on the sliding end of all horizontal vessels /
exchangers regardless of temperature or amount of expansion.
Wood Group Mustang normally sets the channel end (or flanged end, Figure 3) saddle as the
slide end unless specified otherwise by the Client. Consult with Piping Engineering to
determine the actual sliding end for the vessel / exchanger in question.
7.1 Materials
Slide plates shall normally be galvanized steel. For large movements and heavy vessels
/ exchangers, it may be necessary to use low friction Teflon bearing plates.
Low-friction slide plates shall be designed in accordance with the manufacturer’s
recommendations.
Typical coefficients of friction are as follows in Table 4:
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Table 4 - Typical Coefficients of Friction
Material Coefficient of Friction
No slide plate
0.5
(steel saddle supported on concrete)
Steel slide plate 0.4
*
Teflon slide plate
- Bearing pressure over 100 psi 0.06
- Bearing pressure 100 psi and below 0.1
*
= Verify with manufacturer’s values
Figure 3 - Slide Plate
Slide Plate
7.2 Sizing
Slide plates are normally 1/2-inch-thick. Slide plate dimensions are calculated as:
• Slide Plate Width = Saddle Width + 2 x (D,thermal expansion) + 1-in.
• Slide Plate Length = Saddle Length + 1-in.
Holes in slide plates for anchor bolts are normally 1/8-in. larger than anchor bolt
diameter.
Normally, a 1-1/2-in. thickness of grout is provided at the fixed end wall pier. (This
allows 1-in. of grout to be placed under the slide plate.)
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8.0 ANCHOR BOLTS

Below are guidelines for using anchor bolts on vessel / exchanger piers.
• Normally Type H bolts (reference “Anchor Bolt Schedule”, DWG-CD-1001-01) shall be used
on all vessel / exchanger piers. Sleeves are normally not provided. Anchor bolts shall be
checked for allowable shear on concrete and pullout tension.
• For 1-1/8-in. and larger diameter anchor bolts under seismic loading, use double the
allowable shear capacity given in the Wood Group Mustang Anchor Bolt Schedule.
• Anchor bolt holes in saddles are normally ¼-in larger in diameter than the anchor bolts.
• Corrosion allowance shall not be considered unless required by project specifications.
• It is desirable to select appropriate anchor bolt type to keep bolts out of the mat.
• Anchor bolts shall project 2.5-times the bolt diameter above the top of the saddle base.
• Friction force at the bottom of the saddle must be overcome before lateral load is assumed
to produce shear in anchor bolts. Under seismic condition, frictional resistance at the
bottom of the saddle shall be neglected.
9.0 WALL PIER DESIGN

9.1 Sizing
Wall pier dimensions shall be the slide plate size plus 4-in.
Minimum wall pier thickness shall be 10-in.
Minimum cover on anchor bolts shall be maintained per Wood Group Mustang Standard
Drawing “Anchor Bolt Schedule”, DWG-CD-1001-01.
Wall pier width and thickness shall be sized in even 2-in. increments to facilitate the use
of metal forms. Verify that the vessel / exchanger nozzles do not interfere with support
piers accounting for thermal growth.
Horizontal vessels / exchangers are normally supported by a rectangular wall pier.
However, where the vessels / exchangers are elevated above an economical height for
the construction of piers, columns with “T” heads should be considered. The dividing
line for using “T” columns is around 10 to 12-ft. above grade, except for vessels with
saddles <4-ft. long or foundations in intermediate and high seismic design categories
where taller piers are recommended. Extremely heavy vessels / exchangers may
require a concrete frame rather than “T” columns. In some cases, multiple platforms and
pipe supports are required around an elevated vessel / exchanger and the option of
utilizing a steel structure as opposed to a concrete structure must be considered.
Consult the Civil / Structural Engineering Lead for guidance.
9.2 Reinforcing
Wall piers are generally designed as cantilever beams with symmetrical reinforcement.
When the reinforcement required approaches ρmax, or with extremely heavy loads or long
piers, it may be necessary to investigate the pier as a column. When horizontal length to
thickness ratio is <2.5, the wall pier should be designed as a column (International
Building Code (IBC) Section 1908.1.8).
Both wall piers should be identical to avoid detailing confusion and facilitate ease of
construction.
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Vertical wall pier reinforcing shall extend into footings when the height of piers above the
top of footing is 8-ft, 0-in. or less. In intermediate and high seismic design categories,
splicing is discouraged. Therefore, taller bars are recommended before splicing is
considered. Above this height, dowels shall be used with a Class “B” splice. The splice
length shall be determined per ACI 318, Section 12.2 and 12.15. The reduction in
development length per ACI 318, Section 12.2.5 for excess reinforcement is not
applicable to splice lengths in accordance with ACI 318, Section 12.15.1.
Vertical bar hook development length in the footing shall be in accordance with ACI 318,
Section 12.5.
Table 5 below shows the recommended minimum wall pier reinforcement.
Table 5 - Minimum Wall Pier Reinforcement

Pier Vertical Horizontal
Thickness Reinforcement Ties
10-in. #4 at 8-in. c/c #3 at 12-in. max.
The total minimum vertical reinforcing provided shall be at least 0.005 of the gross
concrete area, Ag. To satisfy crack control requirements per ACI 318, Section 10.6.4,
maximum reinforcement spacing shall be 10-in.
Ties for rectangular wall piers over 5-ft. wide shall normally be twin hairpins (“U” -shaped
rebar) for ease of construction. Splice lengths for ties shall be Class “B”. The reduction
factors from ACI 318, Section 12.2.2 shall not be applied. The minimum splice length
shall be 12-in. A double set of #4 Ties spaced at 3-in. from top of grout in accordance
with ACI 318, Section 7.10.5.6 shall be placed at the top of piers to protect pedestals
from anchor bolt lateral force.
Cross-ties for wall piers may be spaced further apart than every other vertical bar.
However, all shear reinforcement must be distributed uniformly. Cross-ties in high
seismic areas shall not be spaced farther apart than 14-in.
10.0 COLUMN DESIGN

10.1 Sizing
Columns shall be square or rectangular and sized in even 2-in. increments. It is
desirable to standardize column dimensions for any one job as much as possible in
order to simplify forming.
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10.2 Reinforcing
Columns shall be designed in accordance with ACI 318 or applicable Project Design
Criteria.
Typically, the reinforcement in columns shall be identical to avoid detailing confusion and
facilitate ease of construction.
Dowels shall be used to transfer column loads to the footings. The minimum dowel
projection shall be as required for Class “B” lap splice (See Section 9.2.3 for applicable
ACI 318 Code Sections.)
Vertical bar hook development length in the footing shall be in accordance with ACI 318,
Section 12.5.
“T” Columns, when used, shall be designed in accordance with requirements of ACI 318.
Special attention must be given to the reinforcement detail in the beam-column
connection.
11.0 FOOTING DESIGN

11.1 Sizing
Footings shall normally be rectangular or square with dimensions in even 2-in.
increments to facilitate the use of metal forms.
Minimum footing thickness shall be 15-in. with 3-in. incremental increases. The
thickness selected shall be checked for shear and tension in the concrete.
Typically, both footings shall be identical to avoid detailing confusion and facilitate ease
of construction.
Whenever the dimension in the longitudinal direction of an individual footing approaches
the distance between piers, consideration shall be given to combining both piers on a
common mat.
11.2 Stability Ratio
Stability provisions outlined herein apply to shallow foundations. Footings supported on
piles shall utilize the tension capacity of piles. The minimum stability ratio for service
loads other than earthquake shall be 1.5 or in accordance with job specifications. For
earthquake service loads, the minimum stability ratio shall be 1.0 or in accordance with
Project Design Criteria.
For a foundation with a symmetrical and concentric pedestal and footing, the overturning
stability ratio, SRo, may be calculated as:
SRo = b/2e
Where:
b = dimension of the footing in the direction of overturning moment, ft.
e = overturning moment at the base of the footing divided by the total vertical
load, ft.
The stability ratio for sliding is defined as the passive soil resistance plus the soil
frictional resistance divided by the maximum horizontal load applied to the foundation for
any given loading condition.
DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Rev. 1
11.3 Soil Bearing or Pile Reactions

The soil bearing pressure shall be computed using unfactored loads and the following
formulas:
Total Footing Area In Compression:
 L P  6e 
e ≤  S.B. = 1 ± 
 6 A L
Total Footing Area Not in Compression:
 L 2P
e >  S.B. =
 6 L 
3B − e 
2 
Where:
e = Eccentricity of vertical load due to horizontal load (M/P)
B = Side of footing perpendicular to direction of horizontal load
L = Side of footing parallel to direction of horizontal load
P = Total vertical load
M = Applied Moment at the bottom of the footing
A = Area of footing
When eccentricity exists in two (2) directions, soil bearing shall be checked using the
Biaxial Soil Bearing Pressure Chart (reference Appendix 3).
Often, pipe supports in the vicinity are supported by exchanger pier pedestals or
footings. Loads due to such pipe supports and effects of their location shall be
evaluated in the wall pier and/or foundation design.
When applicable, all load combinations must also be evaluated for a buoyant condition
when a high groundwater table is encountered. The minimum factor of safety for
buoyancy shall be 1.2 under unfactored service loads.
Any increase in allowable soil bearing pressure for wind, seismic, or thermal load
combinations shall be based on Project Design Criteria or recommendation by the
Geotechnical Consultant.
Pile loads shall be calculated using the following formula:
P Mx ⋅ y My ⋅ x
Q= ± ±
n ∑ y2 ∑ x2
DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Rev. 1
Where:
P = total vertical load, kips
n = total number of piles
Mx, My = overturning moment at the base of pile cap about x-axis and y-axis,
respectively.
x = distance measured from the centroid of the pile group about the y-
axis to any pile, ft.
y = distance measured from the centroid of the pile group about the x-
axis to any pile, ft.
Σx2, Σy2 = total moment of inertia of the pile group about y-axis and x-axis,
respectively. (Each pile is treated as a point with I = 0, and A = 1).
11.4 Reinforcing and Stresses
The footing shall be designed as a one-way slab reinforced to resist flexural stresses in
one (1) direction only.
Shear and bending moments shall be computed based on the soil bearing determined
by strength design loads per the appropriate design load factors as specified in Section
6.7.
Bending moment and rebar development length shall be checked at the face of the pier.
Beam shear, as a measure of diagonal tension, shall be conservatively checked at the
face of the pier and if excessive shall be checked as outlined in ACI 318, Section 11.11.
Two-way (punching) shear of the wall piers shall be checked as applicable per ACI 318,
Section 11.11.
Minimum footing steel shall be #5 at 10-in. c/c for crack control. Consult with the Civil /
Structural Engineering Lead, if top layer reinforcement is recommended.
For seismic condition, top layer reinforcement shall be provided to account for load
reversals.
When piles are used, check punching shear per ACI 318, Section 15.5.3 and 15.5.4.
DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Rev. 1
APPENDICES
Appendix 1 - Sample Design Sketch
10’-0”
NORTH
6’-0” SQ
NOTE: PIER/FOOTING
DIMENSIONS ARE TYPICAL
1’-2”
(4) 1 ¼” DIA
ANCHOR BOLTS
SLIDE PLATE
(SEE DETAIL)
9”
3’-4”
C. L.
FDNS
9”
A A
C. L. FDN & C. L. FDN

SLIDING END
PLAN
C. L. PLATE
10”
(2) 1 ½“ DIA HOLES

1/2” THK PL
GROUT & SLIDE PL
ASTM A-36
1 ½” GROUT OR
4” PROJ
9”
3’-2”
C. L.
TOG OR GRADE/PAVING PLATE
9”
TO SLIDE PLATE
3”
EL 100’-0”
EL 104’-0”
(2 TIES PER SET)
3”
7 SPA @ 10” (+)
#4 TIE SETS
(5) #6 DWLS
EA LONG FACE
SLIDE PLATE
6’-9”
(10 TOTAL)
8’-0”
B
4’-0”
2”
CLR
#4 TIES
1’-3”
CLR
3”
3” #6 @ 10” EW 3”
#6 DOWELS
SECTION “A”
SECTION “B”
DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Rev. 1
Appendix 2 - Exchanger Estimating Charts
These curves give the approximate weight of heat exchangers, all in tons. The curves are for a
192-in. Type-ET exchanger with two passes in the tubes. The tubes are 3/4-in. on a 90o layout.
The tube-material is 14-gage steel. For the weights of heat exchangers with other tube lengths,
multiply by the following factors.
LENGTH IN INCHES: 240 192 168 144 120 96

HEAT EXCHANGER FACTOR: 1.10 1.00 0.95 0.90 0.85 0.80
DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Rev. 1
These curves give the approximate weight of standard tube bundles in tons. The tubes are ¾-
in., 14 gage, and 192-in. longs. Two pass on square pitch. The baffle spacing ranges from 8-in.
on the 15-in. exchanger to 16-in. on the 48-in. exchanger. For the weights of the bundle with
other lengths multiply by the following factors.
LENGTH IN INCHES: 240 192 168 144 120

HEAT EXCHANGER FACTOR: 1.20 1.00 0.90 0.80 0.70
DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Rev. 1
DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Rev. 1
KEY TO OUTLINE DRAWINGS

Once an order has been placed for a shell and tube exchanger, the most important need from
the purchaser’s viewpoint is the outline (dimensional) drawing. Until this is available, final
details of civil, structural, and piping work necessary to integrate the exchanger into the system
cannot be completed. Preparation of the outline drawing by the manufacturer requires complete
detailed design of the exchanger - a time consuming job. Usually, the outline drawing will be
available two to three weeks after order. Sometimes this period extends to a month or more.
During this time the purchaser can complete preliminary layout work, estimating exchanger
dimensions by reference to the exchanger specification sheet.
The data on the exchanger specification sheet which establish the general configuration of the
exchanger are: (1) the exchanger type, (2) the tube length, and (3) the shell diameter. With
these and knowledge of permissible nozzle arrangements and orientations, a quick estimate of
exchanger dimensions can be made.
Important Dimensions
The sketches below illustrate important layout dimensions for floating head fixed tubesheet, and
U-tube exchangers.
Estimating Dimensions
Using tube length and shell diameter, dimensions can be approximated by formulas below. The
abbreviation T.L. stands for tube length; S.D. for shell diameter.
DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Rev. 1
Possible Error
S.D.
A = T.L. + + 26" +12” -6”
2
B = T.L. 
S.D.
C= + 24" ±4”
2
S.D.
D= + 19" ±4”
2
S.D.
E = T.L. - − 20" ±8”
2
S.D.
F= + 9" ±2”
2
A
G= − 1" ±3”
4
A
H= (Rounded off to next smaller foot
2 dimension) •
J = T.L. - 26" ±8”

A
K= (Rounded off to next smaller foot
2 dimension) •
L = T.L. 
M = T. (Not Valid if a nozzle is
located beyond end of bundle) ±8”
A
N= (Rounded off to next smaller foot
2 dimension) •
(•) Span between supports and projection of supports can vary considerably depending on
standards established by the manufacturer.
Note: For U-tube units, manufacturers customarily show the straight length of the tubes (to the
tangent point of the U-bends) as a part of the size of designation. For U-tube units the tube
length (T.L.) is this straight length plus one-half the shell diameter.
These formulas are based on exchangers with 8” nozzles. Corrections may be applied for
nozzles of different size as follows: (note that CNS stands for the larger channel nozzle size;
FSNS stands for the front shell nozzle size; RSNS stands for the rear shell nozzle size).
Dimension A - Add: CNS - 8”
Dimension C - Add: (CNS - 8”) + ½(FSNS -8”)
Dimension D - Add: ½ (CNS - 8”) + ½ (FSNS -8”)
Dimension E, J, M - Subtract: ½(FSNS -8”) + ½(RSNS - 8”)
Unless there is a large difference in size, these corrections are not required.
DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Rev. 1
Appendix 3 - Biaxial Soil Bearing Pressure Chart
DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Rev. 1
Appendix 4 - Stacked Exchangers Foundation Design Example
Concrete parameters:
fc := 4000psi
fy := 60000psi
γ conc := 150pcf (Density of Normal Weight

Concrete)
Input geotechnical parameters:
γ soil := 100pcf (Density of Soil)
SBnet := 5.5ksf (Allowable Net Soil Bearing)
SR := 1.50 (Stability Ratio)
NOTE: THIS EXAMPLE ASSUMES A FOUNDATION THAT

CONSISTS OF TWO IDENTICAL WALL PIERS AND FOOTING.
Input weights and parameters from vendor:

VESTOPempty := 32kip VESBOTTOMempty := 32kip BUNDLEBOTTOM := 19kip
VESTOPoper := 44kip VESBOTTOMoper := 44kip BUNDLETOP := 19kip
VESTOPtest := 44kip VESBOTTOMtest := 44kip
LT := 23.5ft (Length of Top Exchanger) Lb := 23.5ft (Length of Bottom Exchanger)

IDTOP := 3.25ft (Inner Diameter of Top Exchanger) IDBOTTOM := 3.25ft (Inner Diameter of Bottom Exchanger)
t T OP := .125in (Wall Thickness of Top Exchanger)
t BOTTOM := .125in (Wall Thickness of Bottom Exchanger)
Ins T OP := 0in (Top Exchanger Insulation Thickness)
Ins BOTTOM := 0in (Bottom Exchanger Insulation Thickness)
cb := 2.75ft (Height from Center of Bottom
Exchanger to Top of Wall Pier) ct := 5.5ft (Height from Center of Bottom
Hm := 1.50ft (Footing Thickness) Exchanger to Center of Top Exchanger)
(Spacing Between Wall Piers) Temp := 550 (Maximum Operating Temperature, °F)
s := 11ft
(Height from Bottom of Footing to µ f := .40 (Friction Coefficient for Sliding)
Hf := 8ft
Top of Wall Pier) (Thermal Coefficient for Steel, in/ft)
Hg := 4ft (Height from Bottom of Footing to Ce := 0.000078
Grade) NAB := 2 (Number of Anchor Bolts per Pier)
Cc1 := 2.67ft (Bolt Center-to-Center Spacing,
AB := .875in (Anchor Bolt Diameter)
Transverse Direction)
Cc2 := 0ft (Bolt Center-to-Center Spacing, BottomSaddleWidth := 9in
Longitudinal Direction - ie double BottomSaddleLength := 3.0ft
row of bolts)
SlidePlateThickness := .5in (Recommended Value is 0.50 in)
DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Rev. 1
VERTICAL LOADS
Assuming bottom exchanger is heavier than top exchanger, the bottom exchanger operating and test loads are increased by
If to account for piping and miscellaneous on bottom exchanger. (Recommend 10 - 20% increase; Use larger If value for
vessels with diameter less than 36" and use smaller If values for vessels with diameter greater than or equal to 36")
If := 1.20
Vertical Load Distribution at fixed and sliding end:
Fraction of Load at Fixed End: Fe := 0.4
Fraction of Load at Sliding End: Se := 1 − Fe = 0.6
Top Exchanger Loads

Total Load Load on Fixed End Load on Sliding End
Empty De_top := VESTOPempty De_top_fix := Fe⋅ VESTOPempty De_top_slid := Se⋅ VESTOPempty
De_top = 32⋅ kip De_top_fix = 12.8⋅ kip De_top_slid = 19.2⋅ kip
Operating Do_top := VESTOPoper Do_top_fix := Fe⋅ VESTOPoper Do_top_slid := Se⋅ VESTOPoper

Do_top = 44⋅ kip Do_top_fix = 17.6⋅ kip Do_top_slid = 26.4⋅ kip
Test Dt_top := VEST OPtest Dt_top_fix := Fe⋅ VESTOPtest Dt_top_slid := Se⋅ VEST OPtest
Dt_top = 44⋅ kip Dt_top_fix = 17.6⋅ kip Dt_top_slid = 26.4⋅ kip
Bottom Exchanger Loads

De_bot := VESTOPempty De_bot_fix := Fe⋅ VESTOPempty De_bot_slid := Se⋅ VESTOPempty
Empty
De_bot = 32⋅ kip De_bot_fix = 12.8⋅ kip De_bot_slid = 19.2⋅ kip
Operating Do_bot := If⋅ VESTOPoper Do_bot_fix := If⋅ Fe⋅ VESTOPoper Do_bot_slid := If⋅ Se⋅ VESTOPoper
Do_bot = 52.8⋅ kip Do_bot_fix = 21.12⋅ kip Do_bot_slid = 31.68⋅ kip
Test Dt_bot := If⋅ VESTOPtest Dt_bot_fix := If⋅ Fe⋅ VESTOPtest Dt_bot_slid := If⋅ Se⋅ VESTOPtest
Dt_bot = 52.8⋅ kip Dt_bot_fix = 21.12⋅ kip Dt_bot_slid = 31.68⋅ kip
Total Combined Loads For Both Exchangers

Load on Fixed End Load on Sliding End
De_tot_fix := De_bot_fix + De_top_fix De_tot_slid := De_bot_slid + De_top_slid
Empty
De_tot_fix = 25.6⋅ kip De_tot_slid = 38.4⋅ kip
Do_tot_fix := Do_bot_fix + Do_top_fix Do_tot_slid := Do_bot_slid + Do_top_slid

Operating
Do_tot_fix = 38.72⋅ kip Do_tot_slid = 58.08⋅ kip
Test Dt_tot_fix := Dt_bot_fix + Dt_top_fix Dt_tot_slid := Dt_bot_slid + Dt_top_slid
Dt_tot_fix = 38.72⋅ kip Dt_tot_slid = 58.08⋅ kip
DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Rev. 1
SIZE SLIDE PLATE
( Temp − 70)
∆ := Ce⋅ s = 0.4118⋅ in (Thermal growth of a vessel/exchanger used in thermal calculations)
12
SlidePlateWidth := Ceil( BottomSaddleWidth + 2⋅ ∆ + 1in , 1in ) = 11⋅ in
SlidePlateLength := Ceil( BottomSaddleLength + 1in , 1in ) = 38⋅ in
SIZE WALL PIER

Wall Pier Length
Edge Distance of Anchor Bolts:
d edge1 := 4⋅ AB = 3.5⋅ in
d edge2 := 4in
d e := max(d edge1 , d edge2) = 4⋅ in
Minimum Wall Pier Length:
Lpier1 := Cc1 + 2⋅ d e = 40.04⋅ in
Lpier2 := SlidePlateLength + 4in = 42⋅ in
Lpier := max(Lpier1 , Lpier2) = 42⋅ in
Lpier := Ceil(Lpier , 2in ) = 42⋅ in
Note: When the wall pier length provided in this calculation is not large enough, use L3 to
override the automatically calculated values for deflection control in wall pier design.
L3 := 10in
Lpier := max(Lpier , L3) = 3.5 ft
Wall Pier Width

Minimum Wall Pier Width:
W pier1 := Cc2 + 2⋅ d e = 8⋅ in
W pier2 := SlidePlateWidth + 4in = 15⋅ in
W pier := max(W pier1 , W pier2) = 15⋅ in
W pier := Ceil(W pier , 2in ) = 16⋅ in
Note: When the wall pier width provided in this calculation is not large enough, use W3 to
override the automatically calculated values for deflection control in wall pier design.
W 3 := 10in
W pier := max(W pier , W 3) = 16⋅ in
DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Rev. 1
DETERMINE LATERAL LOADS

WIND LOADS
Select these factors based on ASCE 7-05 or project design criteria. Detailed wind pressure calculations are beyond
the scope of this design example.
Cf_round := .7 (force coefficient for round surface) Gf := .85 (gust effect factor)
Cf_flat := 1.80 (force coefficient for flat surface) q z := 21.89psf (velocity pressure)
q z_long := q z⋅ Gf⋅ Cf_flat = 33.49⋅ psf (longitudinal velocity pressure)
q z_tran := q z⋅ Gf⋅ Cf_round = 13.02⋅ psf (transverse velocity pressure)
Determine Effective Diameters
ODTOP := IDTOP + 2⋅ (tTOP + Ins TOP ) = 3.27 ft

ODBOTTOM := IDBOTTOM + 2⋅ (tBOTTOM + Ins BOTTOM) = 3.27 ft
ODTOPeff := (2⋅ ODTOP) if ODTOP ≤ 3⋅ ft

(1.8⋅ ODTOP) if 3⋅ ft ≤ ODTOP ≤ 4.5⋅ ft
(1.7⋅ ODTOP) if 4.5⋅ ft ≤ ODTOP ≤ 6.5⋅ ft
(1.6⋅ ODTOP) if 6.5⋅ ft ≤ ODTOP ≤ 8.5⋅ ft
((1.5⋅ ODTOP)) otherwise
ODTOPeff = 5.89 ft
ODBOTTOMeff := (2⋅ ODBOTTOM) if ODBOTTOM ≤ 3⋅ ft

(1.8⋅ ODBOTTOM) if 3⋅ ft ≤ ODBOTTOM ≤ 4.5⋅ ft
(1.7⋅ ODBOTTOM) if 4.5⋅ ft ≤ ODBOTTOM ≤ 6.5⋅ ft
(1.6⋅ ODBOTTOM) if 6.5⋅ ft ≤ ODBOTTOM ≤ 8.5⋅ ft
((1.5⋅ ODBOTTOM)) otherwise
ODBOTTOMeff = 5.89 ft
Transverse Wind Loads

A TOPtr := ODTOPeff⋅ (LT ) = 138.36 ft
2
W tran_top := A TOPtr⋅ q z_tran = 1.8⋅ kip

2
A BOTTOMtr := ODBOTTOMeff⋅ Lb = 138.36 ft
W tran_bot := A BOTTOMtr⋅ q z_tran = 1.8⋅ kip
W tran := W tran_bot + W tran_bot = 3.6⋅ kip
DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Rev. 1
Longitudinal Wind Loads
 (ODTOPeff + ODBOTTOMeff)
 ⋅ (cb + ct + .5⋅ ODTOPeff) = 65.9 ft
2
A l := 
 2 
W long := A l⋅ q z_long = 2.21⋅ kip
Vertical Couple Force, Compression/Tension Load:

(cb + ct)
W long_FC := W long⋅ = 1.66⋅ kip
s
SEISMIC LOADS
Select these factors based on IBC 2006 or project design criteria. Detailed seismic load calculations are beyond the
scope of this design example.
Seismic Distribution Coefficient, Cs := .067
Importance Factor, Ieq := 1.25
Short Period Spectral Response Acceleration Parameter, SS := 0.20
Short Period Site Coefficient, Fa := 1.2 (also, ref. Table 11.4-1, ASCE 7-05)
Short Period Spectral Response Acceleration Parameter Adjusted For Site Class Effects:
SMS := Fa⋅ SS = 0.24 (ref. EQ 11.4-1, ASCE 7-05)
Design Short Period Spectral Response Acceleration Parameter:
2
SDS := ⋅ SMS = 0.16 (ref. EQ 11.4-3, ASCE 7-05)
3
Seismic Design For Rigid Non-building Structures:
Lateral force assuming a fundamental period, T, less than 0.06 seconds (ref. EQ 15.4-5, ASCE 7-05):
Top Exchanger Load:
Empty: Ee_top := 0.30⋅ SDS ⋅ Ieq⋅ De_top = 1.92⋅ kip
Operating: Eo_top := 0.30⋅ SDS⋅ Ieq⋅ Do_top = 2.64⋅ kip
Bottom Exchanger Load:
Empty: Ee_bot := 0.30⋅ SDS ⋅ Ieq⋅ De_top = 1.92⋅ kip
Operating: Eo_bot := 0.30⋅ SDS⋅ Ieq⋅ Do_bot = 3.17⋅ kip

DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Rev. 1
Total Exchanger Loads:
Empty: Ee_tot := Ee_top + Ee_bot = 3.84⋅ kip
Operating: Eo_tot := Eo_top + Eo_bot = 5.81⋅ kip
Wall Pier Seismic Loads (only consider the contributing portion above footing):
Weight of wall pier above footing, Wtpier1 := ⋅ (Hf − Hm)Lpier⋅ W pier⋅ γ conc = 2.28⋅ kip
1
2
Lateral force of wall pier, Ewallpier := Cs⋅ Wtpier1 = 0.15⋅ kip
THERMAL LOADS
Note: Thermal load is based on the force to overcome friction.
Ff := µ f⋅ Do_tot_slid = 23.23⋅ kip
 
fc
E :=  57000⋅  ⋅ psi = 3605 ksi
 psi 
Lpier⋅ (W pier)
3
4
Ig := = 14336⋅ in
12
Hwp := Hf − Hm = 78⋅ in
(3⋅ ∆ ⋅ E⋅ Ig)
Fd := = 67.28⋅ kip
3
2⋅ Hwp
Tf := min (Ff , Fd) = 23.23⋅ kip
SlidingCheck := if (Ff < Fd , "Sliding Will Occur" , "Use Low-Friction Slide Assembly or Increase Pier Size" )
SlidingCheck = "Sliding Will Occur"
DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Rev. 1
BUNDLE PULL LOADS

lbf
Bp_top := .3⋅ BUNDLETOP + 100⋅ ⋅ ODTOP = 9.63⋅ kip
in
lbf
Bp_bot := .3⋅ BUNDLEBOTTOM + 100⋅ ⋅ ODBOTTOM = 9.63⋅ kip
in
Bp_top := if (Bp_top > 0 , if (Bp_top ≤ 2000lbf , 2000lbf , Bp_top) , 0kip ) = 9.63⋅ kip
Bp_bot := if (Bp_bot > 0 , if (Bp_bot ≤ 2000lbf , 2000lbf , Bp_bot) , 0kip ) = 9.63⋅ kip
Bp := max(Bp_top , Bp_bot) = 9.63⋅ kip (Verify Bundle Pull requirements per project design criteria)
Bundle pulling forces shall be resisted by friction on both piers. When the friction is overcome on the
sliding support, the entire load shall be resisted by the fixed pier.
Bp
Bp_slid := = 4.81⋅ kip
2
Ffe := µ f⋅ De_tot_slid
Bp_slid := if(Bp_slid ≤ Ffe, Bp_slid , 0kip ) = 4.81 kip
Bp_fix := Bp − Bp_slid = 4.81⋅ kip
(cb + ct)
Bp_FC_top := Bp⋅ = 7.22⋅ kip
s
(cb)
Bp_FC_bot := Bp⋅ = 2.41⋅ kip
s
Bp_FC := max(Bp_FC_top , Bp_FC_bot) = 7.22⋅ kip
DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Rev. 1
STRENGTH DESIGN LOAD COMBINATIONS

Vertical Loads Horizontal Loads
VU1_thermal := 1.4⋅ Tf = 32.52⋅ kip
1. Operating PU1_fix := 1.4⋅ Do_tot_fix = 54.21⋅ kip
PU1_slid := 1.4⋅ Do_tot_slid = 81.31⋅ kip
2. Oper+Live NO PLATFORM LIVE LOAD
3. Oper+Wind+Live PU3_fix := 1.2⋅ Do_tot_fix = 46.46⋅ kip VU3_tran := 1.6W tran = 5.77⋅ kip
PU3_slid := 1.2⋅ Do_tot_slid = 69.7⋅ kip VU3_long := 1.6⋅ W long = 3.53⋅ kip
PU3_FC := 1.6⋅ W long_FC = 2.65⋅ kip
4. Oper+Seismic+Live PU4_fix := 1.2⋅ Do_tot_fix = 46.46⋅ kip VU4_tran := Eo_tot + Ewallpier = 5.96⋅ kip
PU4_slid := 1.2⋅ Do_tot_slid = 69.7⋅ kip VU4_long := Eo_tot + Ewallpier = 5.96⋅ kip
5. Empty+Wind PU5_fix := 0.9⋅ De_tot_fix = 23.04⋅ kip VU5_tran := 1.6W tran = 5.77⋅ kip
VU5_long := 1.6⋅ W long = 3.53⋅ kip
PU5_slid := 0.9⋅ De_tot_slid = 34.56⋅ kip
PU5_FC := 1.6⋅ W long_FC = 2.65⋅ kip
6. Empty+Seismic PU6_fix := (0.9 − 0.2⋅ SDS )⋅ De_tot_fix = 22.22⋅ kip VU6_tran := Eo_tot + Ewallpier = 5.96⋅ kip
PU6_slid := (0.9 − 0.2⋅ SDS )⋅ De_tot_slid = 33.33⋅ kip VU6_long := Eo_tot + Ewallpier = 5.96⋅ kip
7. Empty+Bundle Pull PU7_fix := 0.9⋅ De_tot_fix = 23.04⋅ kip VU7_fix := 1.6⋅ Bp_fix = 7.7⋅ kip
VU7_slid := 1.6⋅ Bp_slid = 7.7⋅ kip
PU7_slid := 0.9⋅ De_tot_slid = 34.56⋅ kip
PU7_FC := 1.6⋅ Bp_FC = 11.55⋅ kip
8. Test PU8_fix := 1.4⋅ Dt_tot_fix = 54.21⋅ kip
PU8_slid := 1.4Dt_tot_slid = 81.31⋅ kip
9. Test+Wind (or Live) PU9_fix := 1.2⋅ Dt_tot_fix = 46.46⋅ kip VU9_tran := 1.6⋅ 0.25W tran = 1.44⋅ kip
VU9_long := 1.6⋅ 0.25⋅ W long = 0.88⋅ kip
PU9_slid := 1.2Dt_tot_slid = 69.7⋅ kip
PU9_FC := 1.6⋅ 0.25⋅ W long_FC = 0.66⋅ kip

DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Rev. 1
ALLOWABLE STRESS LOAD COMBINATIONS

1. Operating PA1_fix := Do_tot_fix = 38.72⋅ kip VA1_thermal := Tf = 23.23⋅ kip
PA1_slid := Do_tot_slid = 58.08⋅ kip
3. Oper+Wind+Live PA3_fix := Do_tot_fix = 38.72⋅ kip VA3_tran := W tran = 3.6⋅ kip
PA3_slid := Do_tot_slid = 58.08⋅ kip VA3_long := W long = 2.21⋅ kip

PA3_FC := W long_FC = 1.66⋅ kip
4. Oper+Seismic+Live PA4_fix := (1.2 + 0.14SDS)⋅ Do_tot_fix = 47.33⋅ kip VA4_tran := 0.7(Eo_tot + Ewallpier) = 4.17⋅ kip
PA4_slid := (1.2 + 0.14SDS )⋅ Do_tot_slid = 71⋅ kip VA4_long := .7(Eo_tot + Ewallpier) = 4.17⋅ kip
5. Empty+Wind PaA5_fix := 0.9⋅ De_tot_fix = 23.04⋅ kip VA5_tran := W tran = 3.6⋅ kip
VA5_long := W long = 2.21⋅ kip
PA5_slid := 0.9⋅ De_tot_slid = 34.56⋅ kip
6. Empty+Seismic PA6_fix := (0.9 − 0.14⋅ SDS )⋅ De_tot_fix = 22.47⋅ kip VA6_tran := .7(Eo_tot + Ewallpier) = 4.17⋅ kip
PA6_slid := (0.9 − 0.14⋅ SDS )⋅ De_tot_slid = 33.7⋅ kip VA6_long := .7(Eo_tot + Ewallpier) = 4.17⋅ kip
7. Empty+Bundle Pull PA7_fix := De_tot_fix = 25.6⋅ kip VA7_fix := Bp_fix = 4.81⋅ kip
PA7_slid := De_tot_slid = 38.4⋅ kip VA7_slid := Bp_slid = 4.81⋅ kip
PA7_FC := Bp_FC = 7.22⋅ kip
8. Test PA8_fix := Dt_tot_fix = 38.72⋅ kip
PA8_slid := Dt_tot_slid = 58.08⋅ kip
9. Test+Wind (or Live) PA9_fix := Dt_tot_fix = 38.72⋅ kip VA9_tran := 0.25W tran = 0.9⋅ kip
VA9_long := 0.25⋅ W long = 0.55⋅ kip
PA9_slid := Dt_tot_slid = 58.08⋅ kip
PA9_FC := 0.25⋅ W long_FC = 0.41⋅ kip
DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Rev. 1
WALL PIER DESIGN (Conservatively design as cantilever beam)
Clear cover to main reinforcement (2 inches minimum), Cc_pi er := 2in
Diameter of tie (assuming #4 tie), dt := .5in

2
Areatie :=   ⋅ π = 0.2⋅ in
dt 2
Area of tie (assuming #4 tie),
2
Diameter of main reinforcement (assuming #6 bar), db := .75in
2
Area of main reinforcement bar (assuming #6 tie), Areapier_bar :=   ⋅ π = 0.44⋅ in
db 2
 2
Effective depth, d eff_pi er := W pier − Cc_pi er − ( .5⋅ db ) = 13.63⋅ in
φ shear = 0.75 (ACI 318, Section 9.3.2.3)
Maximum weight Distribution Factor, facmax := max(Se , Fe) = 0.6
Shear Design:
Vu_max := max(VU1_thermal , VU3_long , VU4_long , VU5_long , VU6_long , VU7_fix , VU7_slid , VU9_long) = 32.52⋅ kip
φV c := φ shear⋅ 2⋅ fc⋅ psi⋅ Lpier⋅ d eff_pi er = 54.29⋅ kip (ACI 318, EQ 11-3, λ = 1.0 for normal weight concrete)
Check := if (φV c ≥ Vu_max , "Provide Minimum Tie Reinforcement at 12" Spacing" , "Shear Reinforcement Required" )
Check = "Provide Minimum Tie Reinforcement at 12" Spacing"
Flexural Design:
Maximum moment in the wall pier, M u_max := Vu_max⋅ (Hf − Hm) = 211.41⋅ kip ⋅ ft
Area of reinforcement required for balanced condition:

fc  7.56⋅ M u_max 
ρpier := ⋅  1.7 − 2.89 −  = 0.00639
2⋅ fy  Lpier⋅ d eff_pi er ⋅ fc 
2

200psi (ACI 318, Section 10.5.1)
ρpier_min := = 0.00333
fy
ρ := if  ρpier ≥ ρpier_min , ρpier , if  ⋅ ρpier ≥ ρpier_min , ρpier_min , ⋅ ρpier  

4 4
(ACI 318, Section 10.5.3)
 3 3 
2
A s1 := ρ⋅ Lpier⋅ d eff_pi er = 3.66⋅ in
A s2 := (0.005⋅ W pier⋅ Lpier⋅ 0.5) = 1.68⋅ in

2
(DG-CSE-20302, Section 9.2)
A s_pier := max(A s1 , A s2) = 3.66⋅ in

2
DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Rev. 1
 A s_pier 
Number of bars required, Npier_required :=   = 8.28 bars on each face
 Areapier_bar 
2
A pier_required := Npier_required ⋅ Areapier_bar = 3.66⋅ in
 A s_pier 
Number of bars provided, Npier_provided := ceil =9 bars on each face
(Lpier − 2⋅ Cc_pi er − db)

Approximate spacing, s pier_bar := = 4.66⋅ in
(Npier_provided − 1)
Maximum crack control spacing:
2
fs := ⋅ fy = 40⋅ ksi (ACI 318, Section 10.6.4)
3
Crackpier_bar := min  ⋅ in − 2.5Cc_pi er , 12⋅ 40  = 10⋅ in

600 in
fs  
  s  
f
   
  ksi    ksi  
Maximum spacing,s pier_max := if (s pier_bar ≤ Crackpier_bar , s pier_bar , Crackpier_bar) = 4.66⋅ in
Center-to-center Spacing
FOOTING THICKNESS CHECK
Assume #6 bar for wall pier reinforcement, determine the minimum footing thickness to develop standard hook for the
pier reinforcing bar:
β := 1 (Factor for uncoated bars) λ := 1 (Factor for normal weight concrete)
 fy 
 
Ldh :=  .02⋅ β ⋅ λ ⋅  ⋅ db = 14.23⋅ in
psi
 fc 
 
 psi 
Check_Footing_Thickness := if (Ldh + 3in ) < Hm , "Okay" , "Increase Footing Thickness" 

Check_Footing_Thickness = "Okay"
DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Rev. 1
FOOTING DESIGN
Size Footing For Bearing Pressure:
SBallow := SBnet + γ soil⋅ Hg = 5900⋅ psf
TryW footing := Ceil(W pier + 2⋅ Hm , 2in ) = 54⋅ in
Note: When the footing width provided in this calculation is not large enough due to inadequate
footing size, use Wfooting_input to override the automatically calculated values.
W footing_input := 96in
W footing := max(TryW footing , W footing_input) = 96⋅ in
TryLfooting := Ceil(Lpier + 2⋅ Hm , 2in ) = 78⋅ in
Note: When the footing length provided in this calculation is not large enough due to inadequate
footing size, use Lfooting_input to override the automatically calculated values.
Lfooting_input := 120in
Lfooting := max(TryLfooting , Lfooting_input) = 120⋅ in
2
Areafooting := Lfooting⋅ W footing = 80 ft
Wtpier := W pier⋅ (Hf − Hm)Lpier⋅ γ conc = 4.55⋅ kip
Wtfooting := γ conc⋅ (Hm)⋅ Lfooting⋅ W footing = 18⋅ kip
Wtsoil := γ soil⋅ (Lfooting⋅ W footing − W pier⋅ Lpier)⋅ (Hg − Hm) = 18.83⋅ kip
Wttotal := Wtpier + Wtfooting + Wt soil = 41.38⋅ kip
NOTE: By engineering observation, the load combinations that will provide minimum and maximum soil pressure
in this particular case, the Operating (Allowable Stress Load Combination #1) and Empty + Bundle Pull (Allowable
Stress Load Combination #7) govern design in the longitudinal direction. The calculations below are for checking
the soil pressures and stability ratio. The magnitudes of the loads acting in both directions will produce minimal bi-
axial effects and can be ignored for this design.
Operating: (Load Combination used for maximum pressure)
P1 := PA1_slid = 58.08⋅ kip P2 := PA1_fix = 38.72⋅ kip
H1 := −VA1_thermal = −23.23⋅ kip H2 := VA1_thermal = 23.23⋅ kip
M1 := 0ft⋅ lb (Applied Moment) M2 := 0ft⋅ lb (Applied Moment)
Pmax1 := max( P1 , P2) = 58.08⋅ kip Ptot := Pmax1 + Wttotal = 99.46⋅ kip
DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Rev. 1
Moments At Bottom Of Footing:

M' := H1⋅ (Hf) = −185.86 ft⋅ kip M'' := H2⋅ (Hf) = 185.86⋅ ft⋅ kip
M tot := M1 + M2 + max( M' , M'') = 185.86⋅ kip ⋅ ft
Eccentricity:
M tot W footing
e := = 1.869 ft kern, k := = 1.33 ft
Ptot 6
e1 := "ARE OK"
e2 := "STOP, VERIFY LOADS"
Loads := if ( e < 0ft , e2 , e1) Loads = "ARE OK"
 2⋅ Ptot 
⋅  1 + 6⋅ ,
Ptot e
qmax := if e ≤ k ,   qmax = 3.111⋅ ksf

W footing⋅ Lfooting  W footing   W footing 
footing⋅ 
3⋅ L − e
  2 
 
⋅  1 − 6⋅ 
Ptot e
qmin := if e ≤ k ,  , 0ksf qmin = 0.000⋅ ksf
 W footing⋅ Lfooting  W footing  
Check := if (qmax ≤ SBallow , "Footing size is adequate" , "Increase Footing Size or Consider Combined Footing." )
Check = "Footing size is adequate"
Stability Ratio:
 W footing 
SRo := if  e 0 , SR ,  = 2.14 Footing_Stability := if (SRo ≥ SR , "OK" , "Resize Footing" )
 2⋅ e 
Footing_Stability = "OK"
Empty + Bundle Pull: (Load Combination used for minimum pressure)
P1 := PA7_fix − PA7_FC = 18.38⋅ kip P2 := PA7_slid + PA7_FC = 45.62⋅ kip
H1 := VA7_fix = 4.81⋅ kip H2 := VA7_slid = 4.81⋅ kip
M1 := 0ft⋅ lb (Applied Moment) M2 := 0ft⋅ lb (Applied Moment)
Pmax2 := max( P1 , P2) = 45.62⋅ kip
Ptot := Pmax2 + Wttotal = 87⋅ kip

M' := H1⋅ (Hf) = 38.5⋅ kip ⋅ ft M'' := H2⋅ (Hf) = 38.5⋅ kip ⋅ ft
M tot := M1 + M2 + ( max( M' , M'') ) = 38.5⋅ kip ⋅ ft
DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Rev. 1
Eccentricity:
M tot W footing
e := = 0.443 ft kern, k := = 1.33 ft
Ptot 6
e1 := "ARE OK"
 2⋅ Ptot 
⋅  1 + 6⋅ ,
Ptot e

W footing⋅ Lfooting  W footing   W footing 
3⋅ Lfooting⋅  − e
  2 
  , 0ksf
⋅  1 − 6⋅
Ptot e
qmin := if e ≤ k ,   qmin = 0.727⋅ ksf
Stability Ratio:
 W footing 
SRe := if  e 0 , SR ,  = 9.04 Footing_Stability := if (SRe ≥ SR , "OK" , "Resize Footing" )
 2⋅ e 
Note: Strength design loads shall be used for footing steel reinforcement design.
Operating: (Load Combination used for maximum pressure)
P1U := PU1_slid = 81.31⋅ kip P2U := PU1_fix = 54.21⋅ kip
H1U := −VU1_thermal = −32.52⋅ kip H2U := VU1_thermal = 32.52⋅ kip
M1U := 0ft⋅ lb (Applied Moment) M2U := 0ft⋅ lb (Applied Moment)
P1max1.U := max(P1U , P2U) = 81.31⋅ kip
P1tot.U := P1max1.U + 1.4Wttotal = 139.25⋅ kip
M1'U := H1U⋅ (Hf) = −260.2 ft⋅ kip M2'U := H2U⋅ (Hf) = 260.2⋅ ft⋅ kip
M1tot.U := M1U + M2U + max(M1'U , M2'U) = 260.2⋅ kip ⋅ ft
DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Rev. 1
Eccentricity:
M1tot.U W footing
e1U := = 1.869 ft kern, k1U := = 1.33 ft
P1tot.U 6
 P1tot.U  e1U  2⋅ P1tot.U 

q1maxU := if e1U ≤ k1U , ⋅  1 + 6⋅ ,  = 2.61⋅ ksf
 3⋅ L footing⋅  − e
  2 
 P1tot.U  e1U  
q1min U := if e1U ≤ k1U , ⋅  1 − 6⋅  , 0ksf = 0⋅ ksf
  W footing  
Distance from mat edge to positive soil pressure:de1 := if e1U > k1U , W footing −  − e1U  ⋅ 3 , 0ft = 1.61 ft
  2  
if (q1maxU) q1min U , 0ksf , q1maxU − q1min U kip

Soil pressure gradient: sb1 := = 0.41⋅
W footing − de1 2
ft ⋅ ft
Wtfooting + Wtsoil Wtfooting + Wtsoil

ωtrans := ωlong :=
Lfooting W footing
(W footing − W pier)
d1 :=
2
Determine Maximum Shear & Moment:
shear1( W ) := −(ωlong⋅ W + if (d1 ≤ W , P1max1.U , 0⋅ lb )) − if ( d1) ≤ W , P1max1.U , 0⋅ lb ...
+  if ( W > de1 , W − de1 , 0in ) ⋅ + q1min U⋅ W  ⋅ Lfooting

2 sb1
 2 
2
W
moment1( W ) := −ωlong⋅ + if d1 < W , M1 + M1'U − P1max1.U⋅ ( W − d1) , 0⋅ ft⋅ lb ...
2
+ if ( d1) < W , M2U + M2'U − P1max1.U⋅ ( W − d1) , 0⋅ ft⋅ lb ...
 3 sb1 W
2
+  if ( W > de1 , W − de1 , 0⋅ in ) ⋅ + q1min U⋅  ⋅ Lfooting
 6 2 
i⋅ ft
( i) ( i)
W footing
num := i := 0 .. num dist := V1 := shear1 dist M1 := moment1 dist
0.01ft i 100 i i
DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Rev. 1
V1max := max( V1) = 0⋅ kip M1max := max( M1) = 0 ft⋅ kip
V1min := min ( V1) = −171.86⋅ kip M1min := min ( M1) = −728.42 ft⋅ kip
maxshear1 := max(V1max , V1min ) = 171.86⋅ kip maxmom1 := max(M1max , M1min ) = 728.42 ft⋅ kip
Empty + Bundle Pull: (Load Combination used for minimum pressure)
P1U := PU7_fix − PU7_FC = 11.49⋅ kip P2U := PU7_slid + PU7_FC = 46.11⋅ kip
H1U := VU7_fix = 7.7⋅ kip H2U := VU7_slid = 7.7⋅ kip
M1U := 0ft⋅ lb (Applied Moment) M2U := 0ft⋅ lb (Applied Moment)

M1'U := H1U⋅ (Hf) = 61.6 ft⋅ kip M2'U := H2U⋅ (Hf) = 61.6⋅ ft⋅ kip
Eccentricity:
M2tot.U W footing
e2U := = 0.592 ft kern, k2U := = 1.33 ft
P2tot.U 6

q2maxU := if e2U ≤ k2U , ⋅  1 + 6⋅ ,  = 1.88⋅ ksf

3⋅ L
footing⋅  − e
  2 
 P2tot.U  e2U  
q2min U := if e2U ≤ k2U , ⋅  1 − 6⋅  , 0ksf = 0.72⋅ ksf
Distance from mat edge to positive soil pressure: de2 := if e2U > k2U , W footing −  − e2U  ⋅ 3 , 0ft = 0 ft
  2  

W footing − de2 2
ft ⋅ ft
DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Rev. 1

2 sb2
 2 
2
W
moment2( W ) := −ωlong⋅ + if d1 < W , M1U + M1'U − P1max1.U⋅ ( W − d1) , 0⋅ ft⋅ lb ...
2
 3 sb2 W
2
 6 2 
i⋅ ft
( i) ( i)
W footing
num := i := 0 .. num dist := V2 := shear2 dist M2 := moment2 dist
0.01ft i 100 i i
V2max := max( V2) = 16.75⋅ kip M2max := max( M2) = 145.97 ft⋅ kip
Check Shear in Longitudinal Direction:
Clear cover to main reinforcement (2 inches minimum), Cc_footing := 2in
Diameter of main reinforcement (assuming #8 bar), db footing := 1.0in
2
 db footing  2
Area of footing bar (assuming #8 bar), Areafooting_bar :=   ⋅ π = 0.79⋅ in
 2 
Effective depth, d eff_footing := Hm − Cc_footing − (.5⋅ db footing) = 15.5⋅ in
b := Lfooting
Vul := max( maxshear1 , maxshear2) = 171.86⋅ kip
φVn := φ shear⋅ 2⋅ fc⋅ psi⋅ b ⋅ d eff_footing = 176.46⋅ kip (ACI 318, EQ 11-3, λ = 1.0 for normal weight concrete)
Check := if ( φVn ≥ Vul , "OK" , "Increase Footing Size" ) Check = "OK"
DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Rev. 1
Top and Bottom Longitudinal Reinforcement in Footing:
For simplicity use same reinforcing for both top and bottom, so use minimum "d" for calculation:
Mu := max( maxmom1 , maxmom2) = 728.42⋅ kip ⋅ ft

fc  7.56⋅ Mu 
ρfooting := ⋅  1.7 − 2.89 − = 0.00781
2⋅ fy  2 
 b ⋅ d eff_pi er ⋅ fc 
200psi
ρfooting_min := = 0.00333 (ACI 318, Section 10.5.1)
fy
ρ := if  ρfooting ≥ ρfooting_min , ρfooting , if  ⋅ ρfooting ≥ ρfooting_min , ρfooting_min , ⋅ ρfooting   = 0.00781

4 4
 3 3 
2
A s1 := ρ⋅ b ⋅ d eff_footing = 14.52⋅ in
 Hm  2
A s_TEMP :=  0.0018⋅ b ⋅  = 1.94⋅ in (ACI 318, Section 7.12.2.1)
 2 
A s_footing := max(A s1 , A s_TEMP ) = 14.52⋅ in

2
 A s_footing 
Number of bars required, Nfooting_required :=   = 18.49 bottom bars
 Area footing_bar 
2
A footing_required := Nfooting_required ⋅ Areafooting_bar = 14.52⋅ in
Number of bars provided, Nfooting_provided := ceil(Nfooting_required ) = 19 bottom bars
2
A footing_provided := Nfooting_provided ⋅ Areafooting_bar = 14.92⋅ in
(Lfooting − 2⋅ Cc_footing − dbfooting)

Approximate spacing, s footing_bar := = 6.39⋅ in
(Nfooting_provided − 1)
DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Rev. 1

2
3
CC := min (Cc_footing + dt , 2in ) = 2⋅ in
Crackfooting_bar := min  − 2.5CC, 

15⋅ 40⋅ in 12⋅ 40in
= 10⋅ in
 fs   fs  
     
  ksi    ksi  
Maximum spacing,s footing_max := if (s footing_bar ≤ Crackfooting_bar , s footing_bar , Crackfooting_bar) = 6.39⋅ in
Conservatively, use same reinforcement for top and bottom in both directions.
Use rebar size: db footing = 1⋅ in
Number of bars: Nfooting_provided = 19
Max spacing: s footing_max = 6.39⋅ in
Punching Shear:
Pumax1 := max(PU1_fix , PU1_slid , PU3_fix − PU3_FC , PU3_slid + PU3_FC , PU4_fix , PU4_slid , PU5_fix − PU5_FC , PU5_slid + PU5_FC)
Pumax2 := max(PU6_fix , PU6_slid , PU7_fix − PU7_FC , PU7_slid + PU7_FC , PU8_fix , PU8_slid , PU9_fix − PU9_FC , PU9_slid + PU9_FC)
Pumax := max( Pumax1 , Pumax2) = 81.31⋅ kip
Shear stress at a distance of 1/2 * deff_footing from the face of wall pier:
Pumax
v1 := = 29.47⋅ psi
2⋅ (W pier + Lpier + 2⋅ d eff_footing)⋅ d eff_footing
( )
φv1n := φ shear⋅ 4⋅ fc⋅ psi = 189.74⋅ psi (ACI 318, EQ 11-33, λ = 1.0 for normal weight concrete)
Check_Punching_Shear := if ( φv1n ≥ v1 , "OK" , "Increase Footing Thickness" )

Check_Punching_Shear = "OK"
DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Rev. 1
Appendix 5: HORIZONTAL VESSEL FOUNDATION DESIGN EXAMPLE
Concrete parameters:
fc := 4000ps i
fy := 60000psi
γ conc := 150pcf (Density of Normal Weight

Concrete)
Geotechnical parameters:
γ soil := 100pcf (Density of Soil)
SBnet := 5ksf (Allowable Net Soil Bearing)
SR := 1.50 (Stability Ratio)
NOTE: THIS EXAMPLE ASSUMES A FOUNDATION THAT

CONSISTS OF TWO IDENTICAL WALL PIERS AND FOOTING.
Weights and parameters from vendor:

VESempty := 98kip
Temp := 500 (Maximum Operating Temperature, °F)
VESoper := 335kip
µ f := .40 (Friction Coefficient for Sliding)
VEStest := 394kip
Ce := 0.000078 (Thermal Coefficient for Steel, in/ft)
Lv := 37ft (Length of Vessel) NAB := 2 (Number of Anchor Bolts per Pier)
ID := 12ft (Inner Diameter of Vessel)
AB := 1.25in (Anchor Bolt Diameter)
t := .125in (Wall Thickness of Vessel)
SaddleWidth := 10in
Ins := 0in (Vessel Insulation Thickness)
SaddleLength := 140in
cb := 6.5ft (Height from Center of Vessel to Top of
SlidePlateThickness := .5in (Recommended Value
Wall Pier)
is 0.50 in)
Hm := 2.0ft (Footing Thickness)
Ls := 22ft (Spacing Between Wall Piers)
Hf := 8ft (Height from Bottom of Footing to Top of Wall Pier)
Hg := 4ft (Height from Bottom of Footing to Grade)
Cc1 := 11ft (Bolt Center-to-Center Spacing, Transverse Direction)
Cc2 := 0ft (Bolt Center-to-Center Spacing, Longitudinal Direction -
i.e. double row of bolts)
DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Rev. 1
VERTICAL LOADS
Vessel operating and test loads are increased by If to account for piping and miscellaneous on vessel. (Normally,
10 - 20% increase; Use larger If value for vessels with diameter less than 36" and use smaller If values for vessels
with diameter greater than or equal to 36")
If := 1.10
Vertical Load Distribution at fixed and sliding end:

Fraction of Load at Fixed End: Fe := .50
Fraction of Load at Sliding End: Se := 1 − Fe = 0.5
Vessel Loads
Empty De := VESempty De_fix := Fe⋅ VESempty De_slid := Se⋅ VESempty
De = 98⋅ kip De_fix = 49⋅ kip De_slid = 49⋅ kip
Operating Do := If ⋅ VESoper Do_fix := If ⋅ Fe⋅ VESoper Do_slid := If ⋅ Se⋅ VESoper
Do = 368.5⋅ kip Do_fix = 184.25⋅ kip Do_slid = 184.25⋅ kip
Test Dt := If ⋅ VEStest Dt_fix := If ⋅ Fe⋅ VEStest Dt_slid := If ⋅ Se⋅ VEStest
Dt = 433.4⋅ kip Dt_fix = 216.7⋅ kip Dt_slid = 216.7⋅ kip
SIZE SLIDE PLATE
( Temp − 70)
∆ := Ce⋅ Ls = 0.7379⋅ in (Thermal growth of a vessel used in thermal calculations)
12
SlidePlateWidth := Ceil ( SaddleWidth + 2⋅ ∆ + 1in , 1in ) = 13⋅ in
SlidePlateLength := Ceil ( SaddleLength + 1in , 1in ) = 141⋅ in
SIZE WALL PIER

Wall Pier Length
Edge Distance of Anchor Bolts:
d edge1 := 4⋅ AB = 5⋅ in
d edge_min := 4in (Per Wood Group Mustang Standard, minimum edge distance is 4 inches)
d e := max(d edge1 , d edge_min) = 5⋅ in
Minimum Wall Pier Length:

Lpier1 := Cc1 + 2⋅ d e = 142⋅ in
Lpier2 := SlidePlateLength + 4in = 145⋅ in
Lpier := max(Lpier1 , Lpier2) = 145⋅ in
Lpier := Ceil (Lpier , 2in ) = 146⋅ in
DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Rev. 1
L3 := 10in Note: If the wall pier length provided in this calculation
is not large enough, use L3 to override the automatically
Lpier := max(Lpier , L3) = 12.17 ft
calculated values for deflection control in wall pier design.
Wall Pier Width
Minimum Wall Pier Width:
W pier1 := Cc2 + 2⋅ d e = 10⋅ in
W pier2 := SlidePlateWidth + 4in = 17⋅ in
W pier := max(W pier1 , W pier2) = 17⋅ in
W pier := Ceil (W pier , 2in ) = 18⋅ in
Note: If the wall pier width provided in this calculation

W 3 := 10in is not large enough, use W3 to override the automatically
W pier := max(W pier , W 3) = 18⋅ in calculated values for deflection control in wall pier design.
DETERMINE LATERAL LOADS

WIND LOADS
Select these factors based on ASCE 7-05 or project design criteria. Detailed wind pressure calculations are
beyond the scope of this design example.
Cf_round := .7 (force coefficient for round surface) Gf := .85 (gust effect factor)
Cf_flat := 1.80 (force coefficient for flat surface) q z := 21.89psf (velocity pressure)
q z_long := q z⋅ Gf ⋅ Cf_flat = 33.49⋅ psf (longitudinal velocity pressure)
q z_tran := q z⋅ Gf ⋅ Cf_round = 13.02⋅ psf (transverse velocity pressure)
Determine Effective Diameters
OD := ID + 2⋅ ( t + Ins ) = 12.02 ft
ODeff := if ( OD ≤ 3ft , 2⋅ OD , if ( OD ≤ 4.5ft , 1.8⋅ OD , if ( OD ≤ 6.5ft , 1.7⋅ OD , if ( OD ≤ 8.5ft , 1.6⋅ OD , 1.5⋅ OD) ) ) )
ODeff = 18.03 ft
Transverse Wind Loads

A tr := ODeff ⋅ (Lv) = 667.16 ft
2
W tran := A tr ⋅ q z_tran = 8.69⋅ kip
DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Rev. 1
Longitudinal Wind Loads
 ODeff 
A l := (ODeff )⋅  cb +
2
 = 279.77 ft
 2 
W long := A l⋅ q z_long = 9.37⋅ kip

(cb)
W long_FC := W long⋅ = 2.77⋅ kip
Ls
SEISMIC LOADS
Select these factors based on IBC 2006 or project design criteria. Detailed seismic load calculations are beyond
the scope of this design example.
Seismic Distribution Coefficient,Cs := .067
Importance Factor, Ieq := 1.25
Short Period Spectral Response Acceleration Parameter,

SS := 0.20
Short Period Site Coefficient,Fa := 1.2 (also, ref. Table 11.4-1, ASCE 7-05)
Short Period Spectral Response Acceleration Parameter Adjusted For Site Class Effects:
SMS := Fa ⋅ SS = 0.24 (ref. EQ 11.4-1, ASCE 7-05)
Design Short Period Spectral Response Acceleration Parameter:
2
SDS := ⋅ SMS = 0.16 (ref. EQ 11.4-3, ASCE 7-05)
3
Seismic Design For Rigid Non-building Structures:
Lateral force assuming a fundamental period, T, less than 0.06 seconds (ref. EQ 15.4-5, ASCE 7-05):
Vessel Load:
Empty: Ee := 0.30⋅ SDS ⋅ Ieq⋅ De = 5.88⋅ kip
Operating: Eo := 0.30⋅ SDS ⋅ Ieq⋅ Do = 22.11⋅ kip
Wall Pier Seismic Loads (only consider the contributing portion above footing):
⋅ (Hf − Hm)Lpier ⋅ W pier ⋅ γ conc = 8.21⋅ kip

1
Weight of wall pier above footing, Wtpier1 :=
2
Lateral force of wall pier, Ewallpier := Cs⋅ Wt pier1 = 0.55⋅ kip
DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Rev. 1
THERMAL LOADS
Note: Thermal load is based on the force to overcome friction.
Ff := µ f⋅ Do_slid = 73.7⋅ kip
 fc 
E :=  57000⋅  ⋅ psi = 3605 ksi
 psi 
Lpier⋅ (W pier)
3
4
Ig := = 70956⋅ in
12
Hwp := Hf − Hm = 72⋅ in
(3⋅ ∆ ⋅ E⋅ Ig)
Fd := = 758.53⋅ kip
3
2⋅ Hwp
Tf := min (Ff , Fd) = 73.7⋅ kip
SlidingCheck := if (Ff < Fd , "Sliding Will Occur" , "Use Low-Friction Slide Assembly or Increase Pier Size" )
SlidingCheck = "Sliding Will Occur"
DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Rev. 1
STRENGTH DESIGN LOAD COMBINATIONS

VU1_thermal := 1.4⋅ Tf = 103.18⋅ kip
1. Operating PU1_fix := 1.4⋅ Do_fix = 257.95⋅ kip
PU1_slid := 1.4⋅ Do_slid = 257.95⋅ kip
3. Oper+Wind+Live PU3_fix := 1.2⋅ Do_fix = 221.1⋅ kip VU3_tran := 1.6W tran = 13.9⋅ kip
PU3_slid := 1.2⋅ Do_slid = 221.1⋅ kip VU3_long := 1.6⋅ W long = 14.99⋅ kip
PU3_FC := 1.6⋅ W long_FC = 4.43⋅ kip
4. Oper+Seismic+Live PU4_fix := 1.2⋅ Do_fix = 221.1⋅ kip VU4_tran := Eo + Ewallpier = 22.66⋅ kip
PU4_slid := 1.2⋅ Do_slid = 221.1⋅ kip VU4_long := Eo + Ewallpier = 22.66⋅ kip
5. Empty+Wind PU5_fix := 0.9⋅ De_fix = 44.1⋅ kip VU5_tran := 1.6W tran = 13.9⋅ kip
VU5_long := 1.6⋅ W long = 14.99⋅ kip
PU5_slid := 0.9⋅ De_slid = 44.1⋅ kip
PU5_FC := 1.6⋅ W long_FC = 4.43⋅ kip
6. Empty+Seismic PU6_fix := (0.9 − 0.2⋅ SDS )⋅ De_fix = 42.53⋅ kip VU6_tran := Eo + Ewallpier = 22.66⋅ kip
PU6_slid := (0.9 − 0.2⋅ SDS )⋅ De_slid = 42.53⋅ kip VU6_long := Eo + Ewallpier = 22.66⋅ kip
7. Test PU7_fix := 1.4⋅ Dt_fix = 303.38⋅ kip
PU7_slid := 1.4Dt_slid = 303.38⋅ kip
8. Test+Wind (or Live) PU8_fix := 1.2⋅ Dt_fix = 260.04⋅ kip VU8_tran := 1.6⋅ 0.25W tran = 3.48⋅ kip
VU8_long := 1.6⋅ 0.25⋅ W long = 3.75⋅ kip
PU8_slid := 1.2Dt_slid = 260.04⋅ kip
PU8_FC := 1.6⋅ 0.25⋅ W long_FC = 1.11⋅ kip
DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Rev. 1
ALLOWABLE STRESS LOAD COMBINATIONS

1. Operating PA1_fix := Do_fix = 184.25⋅ kip VA1_thermal := Tf = 73.7⋅ kip
PA1_slid := Do_slid = 184.25⋅ kip
3. Oper+Wind+Live PA3_fix := Do_fix = 184.25⋅ kip VA3_tran := W tran = 8.69⋅ kip
PA3_slid := Do_slid = 184.25⋅ kip VA3_long := W long = 9.37⋅ kip

4. Oper+Seismic+Live PA4_fix := (1.2 + 0.14SDS)⋅ Do_fix = 225.23⋅ kip VA4_tran := 0.7(Eo + Ewallpier) = 15.86⋅ kip
PA4_slid := (1.2 + 0.14SDS )⋅ Do_slid = 225.23⋅ kip VA4_long := .7(Eo + Ewallpier) = 15.86⋅ kip
5. Empty+Wind PaA5_fix := 0.9⋅ De_fix = 44.1⋅ kip VA5_tran := W tran = 8.69⋅ kip
VA5_long := W long = 9.37⋅ kip
PA5_slid := 0.9⋅ De_slid = 44.1⋅ kip
6. Empty+Seismic PA6_fix := (0.9 − 0.14⋅ SDS )⋅ De_fix = 43⋅ kip VA6_tran := .7(Eo + Ewallpier) = 15.86⋅ kip
PA6_slid := (0.9 − 0.14⋅ SDS )⋅ De_slid = 43⋅ kip VA6_long := .7(Eo + Ewallpier) = 15.86⋅ kip
7. Test PA7_fix := Dt_fix = 216.7⋅ kip
PA7_slid := Dt_slid = 216.7⋅ kip
8. Test+Wind (or Live) PA8_fix := Dt_fix = 216.7⋅ kip VA8_tran := 0.25W tran = 2.17⋅ kip
VA8_long := 0.25⋅ W long = 2.34⋅ kip
PA8_slid := Dt_slid = 216.7⋅ kip
PA8_FC := 0.25⋅ W long_FC = 0.69⋅ kip
DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Rev. 1
WALL PIER DESIGN (Conservatively design as cantilever beam)
Clear cover to main reinforcement (2 inches minimum), Cc_pi er := 2in
Diameter of tie (assuming #4 tie), dt := .5in

2
 dt  ⋅ π = 0.2⋅ in 2
Area of tie (assuming #4 tie), Areatie := 2
 
Diameter of main reinforcement (assuming #6 bar), db := .75in
2
 db  2
Area of main reinforcement bar (assuming #6 tie), Areapier_bar :=  2  ⋅ π = 0.44⋅ in
 
Effective depth, d eff_pi er := W pier − Cc_pi er − ( .5⋅ db ) = 15.63⋅ in
φ shear = 0.75 (ACI 318, Section 9.3.2.3)
Maximum weight Distribution Factor, facmax := max(Se , Fe) = 0.5
Shear Design:
Vu_max := max(VU1_thermal , VU3_long , VU4_long , VU5_long , VU6_long , VU8_long) = 103.18⋅ kip
φV c := φ shear⋅ 2⋅ fc⋅ psi⋅ Lpier⋅ d eff_pi er = 216.42⋅ kip (ACI 318, EQ 11-3, λ = 1.0 for normal weight concrete)
Check := if (φV c ≥ Vu_max , "Provide Minimum Tie Reinforcement at 12" Spacing" , "Shear Reinforcement Required" )
Check = "Provide Minimum Tie Reinforcement at 12" Spacing"
Flexural Design:
Maximum moment in the wall pier, M u_max := Vu_max⋅ (Hf − Hm) = 619.08⋅ kip ⋅ ft

fc  7.56⋅ M u_max 
ρpier := ⋅  1.7 − 2.89 −  = 0.004
2⋅ fy  Lpier⋅ d eff_pi er ⋅ fc 
2

200psi
ρpier_min := = 0.00333 (ACI 318, Section 10.5.1)
fy
ρ := if  ρpier ≥ ρpier_min , ρpier , if  ⋅ ρpier ≥ ρpier_min , ρpier_min , ⋅ ρpier   = 0.004 (ACI 318, Section 10.5.3)
4 4
 3 3 
2
A s1 := ρ⋅ Lpier⋅ d eff_pi er = 9.13⋅ in
A s2 := (0.005⋅ W pier⋅ Lpier⋅ 0.5) = 6.57⋅ in

2
(DG-CSE-20302, Section 9.2)
A s_pier := max(A s1 , A s2) = 9.13⋅ in
2
DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Rev. 1
 A s_pier 
Number of bars required, Npier_required :=  Area  = 20.67 bars on each face
 pier_bar 
2
A pier_required := Npier_required ⋅ Areapier_bar = 9.13⋅ in
 A s_pier 
Number of bars provided, Npier_provided := ceil  = 21 bars on each face
(Lpier − 2⋅ Cc_pi er − db)

Approximate spacing, s pier_bar := = 7.06⋅ in
(Npier_provided − 1)
2
3
Crackpier_bar := min  ⋅ in − 2.5Cc_pi er , 12⋅ 40  = 10⋅ in

600 in
 
fs   
fs
     
  ksi    ksi  
Maximum spacing,s pier_max := if (s pier_bar ≤ Crackpier_bar , s pier_bar , Crackpier_bar) = 7.06⋅ in Center-to-center Spacing
FOOTING THICKNESS CHECK
Assume #6 bar for wall pier reinforcement, determine the minimum footing thickness to develop standard hook for the
pier reinforcing bar:
β := 1 (Factor for uncoated bars) λ := 1 (Factor for normal weight concrete)
 fy 
 

Ldh := .02⋅ β ⋅ λ ⋅
psi 
⋅ db = 14.23⋅ in (ACI 318, Section 12.5.2)
 fc 
 
 psi 
Check_Footing_Thickness := if (Ldh + 3in ) < Hm , "Okay" , "Increase Footing Thickness" 

Check_Footing_Thickness = "Okay"
DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Rev. 1
FOOTING DESIGN
Size Footing For Bearing Pressure:

SBallow := SBnet + γ soil⋅ Hg = 5400⋅ psf
TryW footing := Ceil(W pier + 2⋅ Hm , 2in ) = 66⋅ in
Note: When the footing width provided in this calculation is not large enough due to inadequate
footing size, use Wfooting_input to override the automatically calculated values.
W footing_input := 96in
W footing := max(TryW footing , W footing_input) = 96⋅ in
TryLfooting := Ceil(Lpier + 2⋅ Hm , 2in ) = 194⋅ in
Note: When the footing length provided in this calculation is not large enough due to inadequate
footing size, use Lfooting_input to override the automatically calculated values.
Lfooting_input := 266in
Lfooting := max(TryLfooting , Lfooting_input) = 266⋅ in
2
Areafooting := Lfooting⋅ W footing = 177.33 ft
Wtpier := γ conc⋅ W pier⋅ (Hf − Hm)Lpier = 16.43⋅ kip
Wtfooting := γ conc⋅ (Hm)⋅ Lfooting⋅ W footing = 53.2⋅ kip
Wtsoil := γ soil⋅ (Lfooting⋅ W footing − W pier⋅ Lpier)⋅ (Hg − Hm) = 31.82⋅ kip
Wttotal := Wtpier + Wtfooting + Wt soil = 101.44⋅ kip
NOTE: By engineering observation, the load combinations that will produce minimize and maximize soil pressure
in this particular case, the Operating (Allowable Stress Load Combination #1) and Empty + Seismic (Allowable
Stress Load Combination #6) govern design in the longitudinal direction. The calculations below are for checking
the soil pressures and stability ratio. The magnitudes of the loads acting in both directions will produce minimal bi-
axial effects and can be ignored for this design.
Operating: (Select Load Combination for maximum pressure)
P1 := PA1_slid = 184.25⋅ kip P2 := PA1_fix = 184.25⋅ kip
H2 := VA1_thermal = 73.7⋅ kip

H1 := −VA1_thermal = −73.7⋅ kip
M1 := 0ft⋅ lb M2 := 0ft⋅ lb (Applied moment)

(Applied moment)
Pmax1 := max( P1 , P2) = 184.25⋅ kip
Ptot := Pmax1 + Wttotal = 285.69⋅ kip

DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Rev. 1

M' := H1⋅ (Hf) = −589.6 ft⋅ kip M'' := H2⋅ (Hf) = 589.6⋅ ft⋅ kip
Eccentricity:
M tot W footing
e := = 2.064 ft kern, k := = 1.33 ft
Ptot 6
e1 := "ARE OK"
 2⋅ Ptot 
⋅  1 + 6⋅ ,
Ptot e

  2 
  , 0ksf
⋅  1 − 6⋅
Ptot e
Stability Ratio:
 W footing 
SRo := if  e 0 , SR ,  = 1.94 Footing_Stability := if (SRo ≥ SR , "OK" , "Resize Footing" )
 2⋅ e 
Empty + Seismic: (Select Load Combination for minimum pressure)
P1 := PA6_fix = 43⋅ kip P2 := PA6_slid = 43⋅ kip
H1 := VA6_long = 15.86⋅ kip H2 := VA6_long = 15.86⋅ kip
M1 := 0ft⋅ lb (Applied moment) M2 := 0ft⋅ lb (Applied moment)
Pmax2 := max( P1 , P2) = 43⋅ kip
Ptot := Pmax2 + Wttotal = 144.44⋅ kip

M' := H1⋅ (Hf) = 126.9⋅ kip ⋅ ft M'' := H2⋅ (Hf) = 126.9⋅ kip ⋅ ft

DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Rev. 1
Eccentricity:
M tot W footing
e := = 0.879 ft kern, k := = 1.33 ft
Ptot 6
e1 := "ARE OK"
 2⋅ Ptot 
⋅  1 + 6⋅ ,
Ptot e

  2 
  , 0ksf
⋅  1 − 6⋅
Ptot e
Stability Ratio:
 W footing 
SRe := if  e 0 , SR ,  = 4.55 Footing_Stability := if (SRe ≥ SR , "OK" , "Resize Footing" )
 2⋅ e 
Note: Strength design loads shall be used for footing steel reinforcement design.
Operating: (Select Load Combination for maximum pressure)
P1U := PU1_slid = 257.95⋅ kip P2U := PU1_fix = 257.95⋅ kip
H1U := −VU1_thermal = −103.18⋅ kip H2U := VU1_thermal = 103.18⋅ kip
M1U := 0ft⋅ lb (Applied moment) M2U := 0ft⋅ lb (Applied moment)

M1'U := H1U⋅ (Hf) = −825.44 ft⋅ kip M2'U := H2U⋅ (Hf) = 825.44⋅ ft⋅ kip
DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Rev. 1
Eccentricity:
M1tot.U W footing
e1U := = 2.064 ft kern, k1U := = 1.33 ft
P1tot.U 6

q1maxU := if e1U ≤ k1U , ⋅  1 + 6⋅ ,  = 3.85⋅ ksf
 3⋅ L footing⋅  − e
  2 
 P1tot.U  e1U  
q1min U := if e1U ≤ k1U , ⋅  1 − 6⋅  , 0ksf = 0⋅ ksf
Distance from mat edge to positive soil pressure: de1 := if e1U > k1U , W footing −  − e1U  ⋅ 3 , 0ft = 2.19 ft
  2  

W footing − de1 2
ft ⋅ ft
Wtfooting + Wtsoil Wtfooting + Wtsoil (W footing − W pier)

ωtrans := ωlong := d1 :=
Lfooting W footing 2

2 sb1
 2 
2
W
moment1( W ) := −ωlong⋅ + if d1 < W , M1 + M1'U − P1max1.U⋅ ( W − d1) , 0⋅ ft⋅ lb ...
2
 3 sb1 W
2
 6 2 
W footing i⋅ ft
num :=
0.01ft
i := 0 .. num dist :=
i 100
V1 := shear1 dist
i ( i) M1 := moment1 dist
i ( i)
V1max := max( V1) = 0⋅ kip M1max := max( M1) = 0 ft⋅ kip
DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Rev. 1
Empty + Seismic: (Select Load Combination for minimum pressure)
P1U := PU6_fix = 42.53⋅ kip P2U := PU6_slid = 42.53⋅ kip
H1U := VU6_long = 22.66⋅ kip H2U := VU6_long = 22.66⋅ kip
M1U := 0ft⋅ lb M2U := 0ft⋅ lb


M1'U := H1U⋅ (Hf) = 181.28 ft⋅ kip M2'U := H2U⋅ (Hf) = 181.28⋅ ft⋅ kip
Eccentricity:
M2tot.U W footing
e2U := = 0.982 ft kern, k2U := = 1.33 ft
P2tot.U 6

q2maxU := if e2U ≤ k2U , ⋅  1 + 6⋅ ,  = 1.81⋅ ksf

3⋅ Lfooting⋅  − e
  2 
 P2tot.U  e2U  
q2min U := if e2U ≤ k2U , ⋅  1 − 6⋅  , 0ksf = 0.27⋅ ksf
Distance from mat edge to positive soil pressure: de2 := if e2U > k2U , W footing −  − e2U  ⋅ 3 , 0ft = 0 ft
  2  

W footing − de2 2
ft ⋅ ft

2 sb2
 2 
2
W
moment2( W ) := −ωlong⋅ + if d1 < W , M1U + M1'U − P1max1.U⋅ ( W − d1) , 0⋅ ft⋅ lb ...
2
 3 sb2 W
2
 6 2 
DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Rev. 1
num :=
W footing
0.01ft
i := 0 .. num dist :=
i
i⋅ ft
100
V2 := shear2 dist
i ( i) M2 := moment2 dist
i ( i)
V2max := max( V2) = 14.47⋅ kip M2max := max( M2) = 362.82 ft⋅ kip
Check Shear in Longitudinal Direction:
Clear cover to main reinforcement (2 inches minimum), Cc_footing := 2in
Diameter of main reinforcement (assuming #8 bar), db footing := 1.00in

2
 db footing  2
Area of footing bar (assuming #8 bar), Areafooting_bar :=   ⋅ π = 0.79⋅ in
 2 
Effective depth, d eff_footing := Hm − Cc_footing − (.5⋅ db footing) = 21.5⋅ in
b := Lfooting
Vul := max( maxshear1 , maxshear2) = 542.2⋅ kip
φVn := φ shear⋅ 2⋅ fc⋅ psi⋅ b ⋅ d eff_footing = 542.55⋅ kip (ACI 318, EQ 11-3, λ = 1.0 for normal weight concrete)
Check := if ( φVn ≥ Vul , "OK" , "Increase Footing Size" ) Check = "OK"
Top and Bottom Longitudinal Reinforcement in Mat:

For simplicity use same reinforcing for both top and bottom, so use minimum "d" for calculation:
Mu := max( maxmom1 , maxmom2) = 2310.21⋅ kip ⋅ ft
fc  7.56⋅ Mu
 = 0.00434
ρfooting := ⋅  1.7 − 2.89 −
2⋅ fy 
⋅ fc 
2
 b ⋅ d eff_footing
200psi
ρfooting_min := = 0.00333 (ACI 318, Section 10.5.1)
fy
ρ := if  ρfooting ≥ ρfooting_min , ρfooting , if  ⋅ ρfooting ≥ ρfooting_min , ρfooting_min , ⋅ ρfooting   = 0.00434

4 4
  3 3 
DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Rev. 1
2
A s1 := ρ⋅ b ⋅ d eff_footing = 24.84⋅ in (ACI 318, Section 10.5.3)
 Hm  2
A s_TEMP :=  0.0018⋅ b ⋅  = 5.75⋅ in (ACI 318, Section 7.12.2.1)
 2 
A s_footing := max(A s1 , A s_TEMP ) = 24.84⋅ in

2
 A s_footing 
Number of bars required, Nfooting_required :=   = 31.63 bottom bars
 Areafooting_bar 
2
A footing_required := Nfooting_required ⋅ Areafooting_bar = 24.84⋅ in
Number of bars provided, Nfooting_provided := ceil(Nfooting_required ) = 32 bottom bars
2
A pier_provided := Nfooting_provided ⋅ Areafooting_bar = 25.13⋅ in
(Lfooting − 2⋅ Cc_footing − dbfooting)

Approximate spacing, s footing_bar := = 8.42⋅ in
(Nfooting_provided − 1)

2
3
CC := min (Cc_footing + dt , 2in ) = 2⋅ in
Crackfooting_bar := min  − 2.5CC, 

15⋅ 40⋅ in 12⋅ 40in
= 10⋅ in
  fs  fs  
     
  ksi    ksi  
Maximum spacing,s footing_max := if (s footing_bar ≤ Crackfooting_bar , s footing_bar , Crackfooting_bar) = 8.42⋅ in
Conservatively, use same reinforcement for top and bottom in both directions.
Use rebar size: db footing = 1⋅ in
Number of bars: Nfooting_provided = 32
Max spacing: s footing_max = 8.42⋅ in
DG-CSE-20302
Document No.
Rev. 1
Punching Shear:
Pumax1 := max(PU1_fix , PU1_slid , PU3_fix − PU3_FC , PU3_slid + PU3_FC , PU4_fix , PU4_slid , PU5_fix − PU5_FC) = 257.95⋅ kip
Pumax2 := max(PU5_slid + PU5_FC , PU6_fix , PU6_slid , PU7_fix , PU7_slid , PU8_fix − PU8_FC , PU8_slid + PU8_FC) = 303.38⋅ kip
Pumax := max( Pumax1 , Pumax2) = 303.38⋅ kip
Shear stress at a distance of 1/2 * deff_footing from the face of wall pier:
Pumax
v1 := = 34.08⋅ psi
2⋅ (W pier + Lpier + 2⋅ d eff_footing)⋅ d eff_footing
( )
φv1n := φ shear⋅ 4⋅ fc⋅ psi = 189.74⋅ psi (ACI 318, EQ 11-33, λ = 1.0 for normal weight concrete)
Check_Punching_Shear := if ( φv1n ≥ v1 , "OK" , "Increase Footing Thickness" )

Check_Punching_Shear = "OK"

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Civil / Structural Engineering

Horizontal Vessel and DG-CSE-20302

Exchanger Foundations Document No.

REVISION and APPROVALS

1.0 SCOPE / OVERVIEW

> greater than

4.0 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

5.0 DESIGN DATA

5.3 Project Design Criteria

6.0 DESIGN CONDITIONS

Figure 2 - Tube Bundle

6.2 Wind Loads (W)

Table 1 - Wind Load Factor

Overall Diameter Wind Load Factor

When large platform configurations are encountered, use good engineering

Table 2 - Strength Design Load Combinations

Load Combination Design Load Factors

Operating 1.4(Do+ Ds) + 1.4 Tf (or Ff)

Operating + Live 1.2(Do+ Ds) + 1.6(L) + 1.2 Tf (or Ff)

Operating + Wind + Live 1.2(Do+ Ds) + 1.6W + f1L

Operating + Seismic + Live (1.2+0.2 SDS) (Do+ Ds)+ 1.0E + f1L

Empty + Wind 0.9(De+ Ds) + 1.6W

Empty + Seismic (0.9-0.2 SDS) (De+ Ds)+ 1.0E

Empty + Bundle Pull 0.9(De+ Ds) + 1.6BP

Test 1.4(Dt+ Ds)

Test + Wind (or Live) 1.2(Dt+ Ds) +1.6 (0.25W or 0.25L)

Table 3 - Allowable Stress Load Combinations

Load Combination Design Load Factors

Operating (Do+ Ds) + Tf (or Ff)

Operating + Live (Do+ Ds) + Tf (or Ff) + L

Operating + Wind (Do+ Ds) + W

Operating + Seismic (1.0+ 0.14 SDS) (Do+ Ds) + 0.7E

Operating + Live + Wind (Do+ Ds) + 0.75W + 0.75L

Operating + Live + Seismic (1.0+0.105 SDS)(Do+Ds) + 0.525 E + 0.75L

Empty + Wind 0.9(De+ Ds) + W

Empty + Seismic 0.9(De+ Ds) + 0.7E

Dead + Bundle Pull (De+ Ds) + BP

Test + Wind (Live) (Dt+ Ds) + 0.25 (W or L)

7.0 SLIDE PLATES

Table 4 - Typical Coefficients of Friction

Material Coefficient of Friction

Steel slide plate 0.4

Figure 3 - Slide Plate

8.0 ANCHOR BOLTS

9.0 WALL PIER DESIGN

Table 5 - Minimum Wall Pier Reinforcement

10-in. #4 at 8-in. c/c #3 at 12-in. max.

12-in. #5 at 10-in. c/c #4 at 12-in. max.

14-in. #6 at 10-in. c/c #4 at 12-in. max.

10.0 COLUMN DESIGN

11.0 FOOTING DESIGN

11.3 Soil Bearing or Pile Reactions

Total Footing Area Not in Compression:

C. L. FDN & C. L. FDN

(2) 1 ½“ DIA HOLES

7 SPA @ 10” (+)

Appendix 2 - Exchanger Estimating Charts

LENGTH IN INCHES: 240 192 168 144 120 96