Practice Test 2

( WRITING )i-------- - -----

Writing Instructions
• Use only the lines provided on the writing answer
• choose either Task 1 (Article/Proposal) or Task 2
document to complete this section. You should
(Essay).Write on only ONE of these tasks.
write about two pages.
• once you have chosen your task, darken the circle
11 • Do not write your answer in this booklet.
for "Article/Proposal or "Essay" on your writing
answer document. • You will not be graded on the appearance of your
paper, but your handwriting must be readable.
• y u will have 45 minutes to write your answer.
0
• use #2 (soft) pencil only.

yarious tourism hotspots are

What people consider to be the
experiencing overtourism.
most destructive.
- a recent study (/Travel and tourism is
- an ecotourism study
(Arrival in millions)
a powerful tool for
governments to
1600 generate revenues and
22% 1200 create jobs. 11

800
400 - Glen Peterson, Director
l;ll,l!lwi~-~cJ· Increased of Tourism research '
- - - - - -- - - (Year) I t . ,i
pollution 1990 2000 2010 2020

Task 1: Proposal
Atourist resort wants to improve its relations with locals who feel It is harming the area so it is considering starting a
recycling and environmental clean-up program. Some people feel this is not enough and want the government to limit
the number of tourists who visit the city. Write a proposal to the mayor evaluating the options and explain what you
think about them. Include at least one piece of information given above to support your response.

Task Essaybelieve that tourism has impacts on local communities. Whal do you think are the positive and negative
Some2:people
effects of tourism on communities? Write an essay addressing this topic and discuss what you think about It. Include
at least one piece of information given above to support your response.

Remember
Once you have chosen your task, darken the circle for "Article/Proposal"
or "Essay" on your writing answer document.

2~
 N ,, . ..

(i) nn1.cihlt>

_~~~--------C
~cttca res t 2 - LISTENING J
L
lstenlng section Instructions
This sect Ion
n the answer shee • Try
s Mark all your answers on the separate answer sheet. Do not make
of the test has three part ·
t If you change yo
t
ur mind abo.ut an answer, erase your first answer complete! any str~
answer
lbl
as many questions as poss e.
Y. If y u.y
au do
I
marks O y guess. o ~o
know the answer. you ma I

1
Listening Test, Pa. rt rsatlons After each conversation, you wfll hear a question about ·t
. h 20 short conve · 1 • Yo
In this part, you wrll . ear d uestfon once. The answer choices are printed in the test booklet. Mark your an lJ w11 1
hear each conversation an qt I the test booklet. You should mark A, 8, C, or D. swerso
the separate answer sheet, no n
Do you have any questions?

7 What does the professor want to

1 What concern does the woman have? A. when the dissertation will be finished
A. She is tired. B. which books Tom has read
8. She would rather take the stairs. C. where each fact was sourced
C. She's afraid of being trapped. D. what writing guide Tom followed
D. She's uncomfortable in small spaces.
8 What will the man buy?
2 What wiii the speakers probably do first?
A. a jump rope
A. go to a cafe
B. a stationary bicycle
8. visit a museum
C. get a sandwich
C. an elliptical machine
D. have sushi D. nothing at the moment

3 What does the man suggest about Becky?
A. She doesn't like the class.
B. The subject matter is difficult for her.
C. She doesn't care about her classwork.
D. She was procrastinating.
9 What are the speakers mainly discussing?
A. suitable printer settings
B. the usability of office equipment
C. the woman's technical skills
D. the expense of new technology

4 How would the woman feel about herself if she saw 10 Why did the woman call her brother?
the movie again? A. to arrange the location for a gathering
A. inattentive B. to get housekeeping help for their mom
8. boring C. to invite him to join a celebration
C. shocked
D. to see if Laura would prepare the turkey
D. satisfied
11 What does the woman want to do?
5 Why should the woman take her time?
A. The cafe is still closed.
A buy a skirt in the shop
. 8 . The man is going to be late.
8. get a different size
C. The man is still shopping. C. try on other garments
D. The man is having a cup of coffee first. D. save money on shipping

6 What does the man think about the sculpture? 12 :hsathis the man's impression of Nancy?
A. It is not effective. · e seems calm.
B. It is unnecessarily ugly. 8. She is very stylish.
C. It should have been more realistic. C. Shecome
o H b . s across as unfriendly
D. It is meant to be challenging. . e elreves they will get along ..
 Practice "Test 2
L\Sl"ENING l"ESl", PAR, 1
t does the woman imply about the man?
Wh~e hadn't prepared well. 17 What do the women think about the man's
A. He un derestimated suggestion?
B . the exam.
A. It's not practical now.
o: He's
· ulled an all-rnghter.
C Hep . t B. It could make all the difference.
not being hones .
C. It should have been their idea.
es the woman mention the color of the D. It's a brilliant idea.
WhY d0
sea? int out why the third layout is best 18 Where does the woman want to go?
A to popress her agreement with the man A. to the basketball courts
B to ex h Id b B. to the museum
c·
o: to insist that no c~angehs. ou
to explain her design c 01ces
e made
C. to Watson Park
D. to a cafe
t do the speakers agree about?
15 Wh:hat it's OK to throw a core in the bushes 19 What happened to the man?
A. He got soaked.
:: that Mark was_ recycling _correctly
B. He drove for hours.
C. that recycling 1~ a go~d idea ,
C. His car broke down.
D. that Mark didn t consider others
D. He was trapped ·i n his car.

16 Why is the woman excited~ ..

20 What will the woman probab\y do on Saturday?
A. She misses outdoor act1v1t1es.
A. redecorate
B. She has planned a hiking trip. B. finish her work
c. She's relieved the tree is growing.
C. go climbing
D. She is glad to see the sun.
D. relax at home
 prsc t'ce
' rest2 t lk you will hear six questions about It "" ""
part a rt talks, Aft•1 each n~t~d In the test booklet. · Before,,
u, tenln9 rest, will ,,.. , three ~~uestions that are P Ch tij\
th~ part, you • to preview th ou want to, you may take notes In your bo0 \
ln" will """' tlrn uestlon• once, If yth• test booklet. You should mark A, B, C kiet as You ·,
yo k and the q heet not In ' or D . liste
each ta , answer s ' i.
YoU wlfl he&' n the separate .'~q11
your answers o - - - - - - - - -- - - - '
nY questions? Now you will hear the second talk
00 yo u havea k t the questions. . Look at th
. t tafk. LOO a Listen to a podcast about fossil 8, e%es!'IO\q\
·11 hear the f,rs
NOW you WI
-"ker at a seminar. 27 What Is the speaker primaril .
Listen to a sr- A. exhibits at the Natural H_Yttalking abo
ker's main purpose? 'I IS Ory M Ut?
What is the spea . s of science courses B. a new foss1 that has bee f Useurn ·
21 e a sene C. the significance of fossils~nound
A. to propos the topic of a talk
B. to intro~uce cience is important D. a new theory about dlnosaur~enera1
t
c. to expla~n whY dy on communication
D. to descnbe a s u 28 What does the speaker say ab
. th speaker addressing .
. ? A. It is only found around the 9ou1t_amber?
. a~
22 :hi~~ea:ues in the field of education B. It 1s not a good source of pla t f · .
B. researchers who gather data . C. It is a soft, sticky material. n
88
°
11s.
C. students whO are studying science . . D. It yields many kinds of fossils.
o.· a general audience with an interest in science
. ? 29 Why does the speaker mention hummi .
23 What does the speaker imply about Jargon . A. to surprise and shock the audien ngb,rds?
A It is not used in his field of research. B. to ~u~gest the dinosaur could fly ce
_ It is necessary in certain areas of study. C. to indicate
8
c. It is hard to identify in a familiar field. . how small the dinosaur was
D. to explain that the fossil was a kind of bird
D. fn most research it is not noticeable.
30 What did researchers learn from the X-ray.?
24 Why does the speaker ask the audience to recall o '

A. th e d1nosaur s precise size

reading something?
B. how many bones the fossil contained
A to make them feel slightly inadequate
8. to get them to empathize with their readers C. how many teeth the dinosaur had
C. to broaden their knowledge of different fields D. the dinosaur's approximate age
D. to elicit an example of jargon
31 What does the speaker imply about the fossil's
25 What point does the speaker make about defining name?
jargon in a text? A. It is an especially peculiar name.
A. It does not help. 8. It may change when more is known.
8. It is rarely done. C. It was chosen in an atypical way.
C. It no longer alienates readers. D. It couldn't be more appropriate.
D. It increases readers' interest.
32 What does the speaker mean when she says:
26 According to the speaker, what happens when A. Flight is dependent on an animal having
readers feel excluded? feathers.
A. They presume the topic is fascinating 8. Feathers do not unequivocally mean flig.ht.
8. They lose confidence in their abilitie . C. Without further research, feathers and flight
C. !~ey be~ieve they've been given toos~uch cannot be confirmed.
m,ormat1on.
D. Researchers have proven the evidence of
D. Their respect for science increases.
feathers but not flight.

JI
 ------
N°

Ll
wYou

5t6
will hear

ntoaspea
the third talk. Look at the questions.

ker at an orientation for new employees.

the speaker imply about the members

Practice I est 2
LISIENING IESI, PAR\ 2 )

hat does
W udience?
of the a e are less essential than others.
A sorn e previous restaurant experience.
s. All haV ill become long-term colleagues.
c. TheY Wach have an important role.
o. TheY e
d0 s the speaker mention working with food?
34 WhY ~phasize their common interests
!~
A
8·
:xplain the need for precautions

g: !~
encourage study of the handbook
promote the restaurant industry

What does the speaker say about the handout?

35 A It's quite easy to understand.

c:
9 · No more of them are available.
They needn't read it immediately.
o. He will explain it all in detail.

36 According to the speaker, how should employees

dress?
A They must wear a freshly laundered uniform.
B. They are required to follow the dress code.
c. They should wear an apron at all times.
o. They need an extra garment in the kitchen.
37 What does the speaker say about jewelry?
A. Some simple items are allowed.
B. It's unlikely to be hazardous.
C. Earrings are not permitted.
D. It is all prohibited.

38 What will the speaker probably do next?

A. show the audience around
B. introduce some new colleagues
C. assign the mentors
D. give a food hygiene seminar
 praot/oe r est 2
m After each segment, you will hear six questi
t part 3 ts from a ra dlo progra · questions t hat are prInted In th e test booklet
the ons about i\ cr
1sten111g res ' ar two segmen e time to prevIew . ,
'- art you will t,e Ins you will haV uestions once. If you want to, you may take notes .
In ft,ls ~ach segment beQ ' Then you will hear th; ~nswer sheet, not in the test booklet. You should in Your
Before gment twice. n the separa e rnark A El
Yi u wlll t,ear each se Mark your answers o ' '
b~ok/et as you //sten.
orC. 1
Do you t,ave anY questions
Look et the questions. Then listen to the se cond
en listen to the first segment.
the questions, Th 5
LOOk 8 t
segment. 45 According to Lewis Manning, why can't Wild.
. . say the scientists were adapt naturally to climate change? hfe
39 What does Janice King A. Temperatures have risen too high.
investigating? ning is so popular 8. They do not have enough time.
A. why baret!oo~;~~ of special footwear c. There are inadequate food supplies.
B the effec ive f
C. which torm of running is sa er . 46 What can prevent some animals from migrar
· k how can running A. the physical features of the landscape ing?
40 According to Jonathan 8a e ,
8. the lack of suitable alternative habitats
shoes injure ~he _feet?. . ort c. the inability to survive in other places
A by providing ins~fflc1ent supp

c:
B by impeding their movement
by altering the wearer's posture
41 What is the fundamental difference between shoed
and barefoot running? . 8. It is mostly theoretical.
A the degree of impact on landing
B. the speed that the runner can reach
c. the distance that can be run
42 How can running barefoot employ more muscles
than running in shoes?
A There is an increased level of stress on the
entire body.
B. Contact with hard surfaces creates a greater
collision force.
c. The runners are not running in an absolutely
straight line.
43 What does Jonathan Baker say will probably
happen initially when you take up barefoot running?
A. You will suffer from more injuries.
8. Your running speed will decrease.
C. You will be able to run further.
44 What is the main purpose of this report?
A to explain the advantages of barefoot running
8. to present the pros and cons of barefoot
running
C. to propose beneficial changes to running shoes
47 What does the scientist imply about the idea of
assisted migration?
A. It is completely novel.
c. It surprises many people.
48 According to the scientist, what should be a
condition of assisted migration?
A. The availability of suitable transportation must
be assessed.
8. Only species which would otherwise die out
should be relocated.
C. Animals should not be relocated to other
continents.
49 What would happen if polar bears were transported
to the South Pole?
A. They would disturb the ecosystem.
8. They would become herbivores.
C. They would soon become extinct.
50 What is the scientist's conclusion regarding
assisted migration?
A. Unfortunately, there is no other way to save
certain species from extinction.
8. There is no reason to be concerned about the
possible effects on the environment.
C. If it does not begin within the next ten years,
many wildlife species will disappear.

8
 ( READING, GRAMMAR lr---_____ _'P~ra~c~t\~ce
.: . :._T~e~s~t.::_2

e the wo rd or phrase that best completes the conv ersat1on or sentence

Choos .
tlY don't believe ___ a letter to the city 56
I hone~ will rnake any difference to stopping the Not
th untll a formal complaint was lodged
counci veloprnent in Redview Park. e gravity of the situation. ---
new de . A. he didn't understand
p.. to wnt~tinQ B. didn't he understand
13. that ~r.1 C. he understood
c. bY w~i~ing D. did he understand
_ in writing 57 The school's academic results tend to be
0
. t change is a global threat and could lead 0th er schools and private colleges in the r-e-gi_o_n_
c11rna e of rnany species worldwide. A. as s\milar as that for ·
B. similar to that of
-----;;,cterminat~ .
A t the exterm1nat1on C. that similar as to
s. 0 . t' g
C to exterm1na 1~
D. similar in
: an extermination
0 58 ___ any questions before submitting your
company's record sales last quarter _ __ application, speak to Mr. Jones who can otter
advice about the different majors the college otters.
!~~ernely hard work and exceptional relationships
A. If you will have
with clients. B. If you are having
A. were on account of ~eter's
C. Should you have
_ were in view of Peters ,
8 D. If you were to have
c. are being accounte~ for Peters
D. were owed to Peters 59 "This milk - - -
"I'm not surprised. It expired three weeks agot"
oue to financial setbacks the company had to lay A. smells badly
off half of its workforce; it _ _ _ . B. smells bad
A. can't help C. has a badly smell
s. can't be helped D. is smelling bad
c. couldn't be helped
o. couldn't help it 60 I can't imagine _ _ _ is like, but I've heard it's
exhilarating.
55 Working hard toward your goal may make ___ A. what skydiving
achieve success. B. as to what skydiving
A. it more like you C. how skydiving
B. you more likely to 0. if skydiving
C. it more likely you
D. you like it more to
~P~r~a~ct~ic~e~T~e~s~t~2- - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - -~
[ READING : GRAMMAR J
being questioned by the investigating
61 The executive manager ___ the financial-sales 64 Th~ man conceal material facts for his ow F
report. officer - - - n
A. had his assistant completing sake. d t
A would rather ha no
8. had completed his assistance
B. had better not
C. had his assistant complete
c· better not be
D. has his assistant to complete
o: should better not
62 No one knows about the incident, so I would rather that it may be difficult to believe, but Denn·
you ___ it to anyone else. 65 I know lly turned - - - a new leaf; he's an is
has rea
A. not had it mentioned entirely different person now.
8. not mentioned
C. didn't mention A. over
D. not have mentioned B. on
C. up
63 The broadcasting company attempted to exercise
D. back
_ _ _ on some video footage. The prisoners are believed _ _with the help of
A. exclusively 66
one of the guards.
8. exclusive
A. they are escaping
C. exclusivity
B. to having escaped
D. exclusiveness
c. to escape
o. to have escaped
 READING: CLOZE Practice Test 2
READING: CLOZE

'; .
ead the p
-
assage, then select the word or phrase that fills th
e blank In both meaning and grammar.

This passage is about choreography.

The word choreography was first used In 67 A. cast C. grown

e in the 6th century. It was ~(67)_ from B. sprung D. derived
FranGc reek words which literally mean "dance-
the·t·ng " Choreography ·mvoIves the art of 68 A. impulses C. instances
wn 1 • •
designing _(68)_ of mo~~ments m which B. sequences D. tendencies
motion, form, or both are spec1f1ed.
The art of choreography _(69)_ to very 69 A. backs up C. dates back
arly times, when people first began to dance in B. carries over D. gets back
~ircles or spirals, or in lines whose _(70)_
would gradually lead to more and more 70 A. intersections C. implications
complicated figures. There are records of very . . B. dissections D. interventions
ancient organized dance, probably first _(71 ) _
in India and then traveling west to the ancient 71 A. proceeding C. reconnecting
B. originating D. arriving
Mediterranean regions.
The era in which choreography _(7-2)_ ,
however, was the Renaissance. In this period the 72 A. germinated C. pollinated
social dances taught in the royal courts were _1 B. blossomed D. fertilized
gradually transformed into a theatrical , dar::ice
73 A. void C. abyss
performed on stage. In the two centuries that
B. chasm D. gap
followed, the _(73)_ between social dance ·
and theatrical dance widened until ballet in the
74 A. an officially C. an essentially
19th century achieved _(74)_ independent
B. a unanimously D. an idly
vocabulary of movement.
_(75)_ , early modern dance introduced C. Considerably
new elements of movement and expression and 75 A. Subsequently
8. Accordingly 0 .- Particularly
emphasized more naturalistic styles than had ,
classical ballet. Since then, choreographic forms C. as far as
have varied between the poles of representation 76 A. as long as
8. as widely as D. as we\\ as
and abstraction _(76)_ rehearsal and
improvisation. Today, choreography continues to
evolve rapidly, amplified by the movie industry
and theater.
 ~P~r~ac~t~ic!e_:!:T::es~t_?_2--,-_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ ________________
[ READING: CLOZE J

This passage is about Iceland.

77 A. imported C. planted
Iceland has a reputation for being one of the s. initiated D. cultivated
most expensive European countries to visit. This Is
especially true for many basic ammenities such as 78 A. hardly surprising C. beyond
food and drink. Taking into consideration the fact 8. purely incidental comprehen .
that anything produced from plants needs to b~ D. barely notics1ori
_(77)_ from overseas due to the infertile soil eab1e
and bleak environment of this volcanic island, it is 79 A. phenomenally C. exorbitantly
_(78)_ that certain essentials may seem s. harshly D. intensely
_(79)_ priced. There is something, however,
that Iceland has in _{80)_ unlike many of its A. store C. reserve
80
other neighbors - green energy. s. abundance D. scarcity
Iceland is the only country in the world that
_(81)_ 100% of its electricity and heat A. delegates C. devises
81
_(82)_ from renewable sources. Its glaciers and
8. derives D. deduces
lakes provide hydro-electric power, _(83)_ hot
water for taps and heating systems comes directly
from geothermal supplies found naturally on the 82 A. intensively C. indefinitely
island. 8. ostentatiously D. exclusively
There is such _(84)_ of natural energy
sources on Iceland that there is a plan to connect 83 A. since C. however
the country to the UK to _(85)_ Britain via a 8. anyhow D. while
cable that would be the longest in the world. There
is even speculation that all of Europe and North 84 A. an extension C. a surplus
Africa might one day be connected in this way, so 8. an expansion D. a supplement
that the whole region could share the benefits of
the varied geography; _(86)_ solar energy from 85 A. get electricity C. provide power
the Sahara or wind power from the west of Ireland. from for
a 8. supply trees to D. give financial aid
to

86 A. if be
C. let it be
8. be it
D. by being
 READING: VOCABULARY Practice Test 2
READING: VOCABULARY

e that most appropriately completes the sentence

or phras .

5
e 1118 word 5 - - - . , to become a distinguished 95 The course h d
as eep 1y ___ my appreciation of
c110° . ve e.iwaY symphonies. contemporary art.
I 1,a poser of A. enlarged
81 0
c ~r,spired d B. mounted
A· conspire C. prolonged
B· 8)(pired D. enhanced
CD. aspired tly but then they cool off and
• frequen , 96 Mia ___ Into the meeting, demanding to be
,-11eY ar9u\ngs soon - . heard.
sB ad tee, A. barged
111e ~ow 0 ver B. surged
p... blow out C. purged
e. blow awaY D. tumbled
C. blOW up . . I
o. of the first internatIona 97 He's such ___ ; I don't know why we ever
fwig9Y was one d a fashion ___ of the 196Os. invite him to our parties, he just depresses
89 rrnodels an
supe 1·ca everyone.
p... reP, A. a dead weight
a. iogo B. a wet blanket
C. icOf1 C. a dark horse
0· trend f c company arranged a clever publicity D. a wild card

--
90 file co~~~~ke the public aware of their new
products.
A. feat
8. prank
98 The climbers ___ the southeast ridge to set up
camp.
A. ascended
B. assented
C. absconded
c. stunt D. asserted
D. hoax
so ___ about her medical tests 99 The thief was caught ___ while opening the
1 Grace was , .
9 today that she couldn t get to sleep last night. safe.
A. amenable A. hands down
B. apprehensive B. open-handed
c. placated C. out of hand
D. poised D. red-handed
Torn_ his eyes to avoid making eye contact. 100 The company is willing to do anything to secure the
92
A. reverted lucrative resources, but they ___ at bribery; it's
B. reversed illegal.
C. averted A. put their stamp
D. converted B. grit their teeth
C. draw the line
93 The infectious disease has ___ medical
D. make their mark
researchers who are unable to find a cure.
A. shuffled 101 The trial was ___ until more evidence could be
B. baffled produced.
C. raffled A. subpoenaed
D. muffled B. acquitted
C. deliberated
94 Drinking too much coffee makes me very _ __
A. dingy
D. adjourned
B. jagged 102 The peace talks proved that even great ___ are
C. edgy capable of reconciliation.
D. stilted A. advocates
B. adversaries
C. contenders
D. proponents

33
I
rt d l..,LIL,t: I t::, l ,:_
( READING j1-- -- - -

___.....,.
Read the passage , th en answer th e questions
, following It according to the Information given In the passage.-------'\, ---

....__......_.._.........._...._,
This passag 8 Is about the forest cats of
Madagascar.
103 What Is the main purpose of the passage?
haveInvasive
wreakedsp 1es, especially predatory species,
environm t avoc in many environments. Island
places e~ are the most vulnerable. In some
' eliminating these species has allowed
def'
natural. ecosystems to recover. However, sometime&
imng what an invasive species Is can be difficult
and conservation decisions surrounding them can'
be anything but straightforward.
. The origin of the elusive cats is also very 104
interesting. The Malagasy people know them by
several names which are distinct from those of their
domestic cats. The forest cats are also visually
distinct. They are larger than domestic cats, and
unlike domestic cats, populations have uniform
coloration: grayish brown with darker markings, or
in the north of the island, black. They tend to avoid 105
humans and disturbed habitats, though they have
been known to kill chickens.
While it is agreed that Madagascar has no native
species of feline, where these animals came from,
and what they are exactly is quite a riddle. Are they
feral domestic cats, or the descendants of African
or European wild cats? Are they marauding invasive
introductions threatening native species, or are
they a stable part of the ecosystem? 106
To address these questions and find out more, a
research group analyzed the DNA of 30 individuals
of forest cat and compared it to a database of DNA
compiled from felines around the world. The data,
unsurprisingly, indicates that the forest cats are.the
same species as domestic cats, but it also threw a
curveball, revealing that they are most closely
107
related to animals from an area around the Arabian
Sea that includes modern-day Oman, Dubai, and
Kuwait.
It seems likely that they hitched a ride with
merchant ships that traveled to Madagascar from ' D. They traveled from all over the world.
t~e Arabian Sea along the east coast of Africa.
Since these trade routes have existed for more than
108
1000 years, the forest cats have been residents on
Mada~ascar f~r a very long time indeed. What this
new mfo_rmat,on means in terms of future
con~ervat1on management is not yet clear, and will
~eq~ire f~rther study. But at least one more piece is
m pace m a very complicated puzzle.
A. to describe an Invasive species of wildca
Madagascar t In
e. to discuss Island conservation and ecolo9
c. to explain the implications of a study off ~
D~ e~
D. to illustrate the complexity surrounding
Introduced species
What is implied about the forest cats in
paragraph 2?
A. They never come into contact with huma
B. They look alike throughout their range. ns.
c. They are acknowledged as unique by lac 1
D. They are often persecuted in Madagasca~ s.
Why does the author include questions in
paragraph 3?
A. to emphasize how little was known before a
study
B. to u~de_rline disagreement between experts
C. to h1ghhght answers needed by native peopl
D. to introduce ideas that scientists should ex
in the future Pore
In the first sentence of paragraph 4, which word
could best replace compiled?
A. arranged ·
B. detected
C. assembled
D. disclosed
What astonished the researchers about the forest
cats?
A. They were domesticated in the past.
B. They originated far away.
C. They are related to domestic cats.
What conclusion is made about the results of the
research?
A. They will change conservationists' tactics.
B. They haven't revealed any new information.
C. They have completed the picture and fully
solved the issue.
D. They haven't provided an answer for how to
apply them.

34
 Practice Test 2
l READING J

age is about an aquifer.

fhiS pa 55

. a strip of land running alongside the 109 What Is the p i

A to d. r mary purpose of this passage?
,here is tains from Texas to South Dakota s· ascribe a natural phenomenon
RocKY Moun rnethinQ spectacular beneath It - .tfo give a balanced view about a geological
which sl~ has been desc~i~ed as a huge ormatlon
an gquife · d sponge because It 1s made up of a C. to propose uses for an engineering
undergro~~ter-filled medium which is trapped breakthrough
porous, k bottorn. Over eons, rain eroded D. to encourage the exploitation of a resource
bY a bedrocMountains, washing downstream
the. Roe~ years' worth of g.ravel and sand. 110 Accord ing to the passage, what is sponge-like
r,1ill1ons ediments soaked up ram and snowmelt, about the aquifer?
fhO~e senough water to fill Lake Huron. Once A. th e abundance of water present
holdI~~red the Great American Desert, the B. its ability to be tapped
co~sidHigh Plains area has been transformed C. the way it stores water
entire o-billion-dollar-a-year agricultural D. its ability to clean water
2
into aenon all because of the discovery and
henom ' 111 Why does the aquifer exist alongside the Rocky
P of the aquifer.
useN t until the 1950s was this aquifer first Mountains?
ass~vely tapped by new, advance.d irrigati9n A. because it is formed from the same materials
rn hnology. More than 90 percent of water B. because it was needed for growing nearby
tee ped from the aquifer is used to ir-rig~te crops
purnps such as cotton an d grams, . .
especially C. because the region was transformed through
croghum corn and wheat. Grains provide feed investment
sor , ' . . D. because there are several large lakes in the
f r High Plains cattle operations, which amount
~about 40 percent of the nation's beef output. vicinity
1
The water has allowed Nebraska to add 700 112 Why was the High Plains aquifer not tapped before
million more bushels of corn to its annual crop;
the 1950s?
Kansas can fatten three million more head of A. because the area was previously thought,to be
beef cattle; Texas can produce two million more
a desert
bales of cotton. B. because the means to extract the water had not
There is a downside, however. Although the
been developed
aquifer is replenished from precipitation, surface C. because there was insufficient water to make
streams, and even agricultural runoff, water irrigation possible
usage has increased 300 percent from the D. because grain crops had only recently become
1950s to the 1980s and by 2015, the overall profitable
water stores had dropped to 9 percent below
what they were before irrigation began. The 113 In the third sentence of paragraph 2, which word
aquifer was originally filled in a wetter, Glimate could best replace output?
during the last ice age, and current water usage A. requirement
is unsustainable. Worse, the aquifer is shallow B. investment
and suffers from contamination from agricultural C. target
herbicides, pesticides, and other chemicals. D. production

114 What does the passage suggest about the aquifer?

A. It causes contamination.
B. It can easily be exhausted.
c. It has expanded since the 1950s.
D. It is quickly replenished.

35
r
~P~ra
[
~c~tic~e~T~es~t3.2_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __________
READING
--,
This passage is about transmitting
information in music.

Soon, It may be possible to sit down In aoafe or
airport and, Instead of having to ask to Join a network
to access the WIFI there, the microphone In your
smartphone would pick up data embedded In the
music playing In the background and connect you to
the network automatically. The Idea might seem
simple, but the technology is anything but.
To add the hidden data points in away that could not
be detected by listeners,the researchers took advantage
of a property of hearing called psychoacoustic masking.
Psychoacoustic masking occurs when a loud note is
played at the same time as quieter notes that are
very slightly higher or lower in pitch and effectively
blocks _them. Because the human ear cannot perceive
the qui~ter notes, they are the ideal place to hide
da_ta points. Additional data points can also be added
using harmonics of the loud note. Harmonics are
nd th
sou
th s at are a full octave higher or'lower in pitch
an a note so. using them can multiply the places
where data points can be hidden. This technique
th
makes e transfer of the data faster, up to 900 ,bits
per second in ideal conditions.
The researchers tested their hew method in a
variety . o_f environments for both accuracy of
transm1ss1on and the effect on the listener. They
found transmission was optimal using consistently
loud musical styles such as electronic and hard rock
music and less effective in classical music where the
volume ranged from loud to soft. In the first trial,
listeners could consistently identify the music that
had been altered, so it was necessary to slow down
the data transmission. At 200 bits, the equivalent of
25 letters a second, it was undetectable for listeners.
Once the method is fully optimized, there are a
number of promising applications, especially for
localities where background music is usually played.
Shops could send out promotions of products as
shoppers approached them. Museums could provide
relevant information about exhibits. Hotel guests
could be automatically connected to WiFi as soon as
they entered their room, and also be prompted to set
their preferences for heating and cooling systems. It
would be easy for skeptics to point out that current
connection methods work well enough already, but if
easier options exist why not pursue them? The many
advances seem to prove that it's more than just an
irrelevant gimmick.
115 What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. to encourage new techn?logical developn,ent
B. to demonstrate ways to improve sound in n,
. 1.1nnovat1on
c. to explain a tee hno Iog1ca . Usie
o. to evaluate the practical need for a new
technology
116 What does the passage point out about human
hearing?
A. It blocks high pitched sounds.
B. It detects all variations in tone.
c. it is attuned only to very quiet sounds.
D. It has limitations in what it can discern.
117 In the third sentence of paragraph 2, which word
could best replace perceive?
A. notice
B. behold
C. regard
D. spy
118 In the last sentence of paragraph 2, what does
This refer to?
A. the use of harmonics
B. the best conditions for data transfer
C. quicker data speeds
D. playing multiple loud notes
119 Why does the article mention hard rock music?
A. to explain why loud music creates challenges
B. to exemplify music that transmits data well
C. to reveal the style preferred by the researchers
D. to prove that any style of music is suitable
120 What implication in the passage does the author
likely disagree with?
A. Rapid transmission affects music quality.
B. Current methods for accessing WiFi are
adequate.
C. Sending information through music could be
profitable.
D. Background music may soon transmit
information.

36
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