6

English
Quarter 1- Module 2
Sound Devices and Figurative
Language

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

English - Grade 6
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 - Module 2: Sound Devices and Figurative Language
First Edition, 2020

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 6
English
Quarter 1-Module 2:
SOUND DEVICES AND FIGURATIVE
LANGUAGE

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recommendations to the Department of Education at lrmdsldn@gmail.com.

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Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

 What I Need to Know

Dear teachers and learners, the writers humbly welcome you all to this English 6
First Quarter Self-Learning Module. This material guides you to learn how to analyze
sound devices and figurative language. It also helps you determine the tone, mood,
purpose of the author in a literary piece.
As stewards of learning, we fervently hope that this simple material would inspire
you to enjoy learning. Remember, learning by doing the activities and exercises in this
module, is what matters most.
So, here are some few reminders for you to follow in using this learning module:
1. Take your time to read every detail that this module contains.
2. This module contains Lesson 1, 2, 3 and 4 of which each lesson is provided
with activities and tests that will surely lead you to learn and enjoy.
3. Please be reminded to follow the directions and procedures given in every
Activity from Lesson 1 up to Lesson 4 so that your experience in using this
module will be meaningful and successful.
4. You have to answer all the tests in this module. There are Answer Keys
provided for all the tests made from Lesson 1 to Lesson 6 which can be found
at the last page for every lesson. However, make sure to do the Activity first
before checking your answers based on the given Answer Key. The goal is to
make sure that you work for this material honestly so that your work and effort
will be rewarding and learning will possibly take place although you work on
this at home.
5. Take note of this very important reminder: PLEASE DO NOT WRITE
ANYTHING ON ANY PART OF THIS MODULE. Write your answers on your
Activity Notebook or on a separate sheet of paper as specified in the direction
for every Activity.
6. Finally, may this module bridge the physical spaces between teachers and
learners and would facilitate meaningful learning among learners studying from
home.

Special Reminders For You Learners:

1. Answer every activity smartly and diligently.

2. Write your answer as specified in the Direction for every activity.
3. Check your own answer based on the prepared Answer Key found at the end
of every Lesson in this module.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page

COVER PAGE
COPYRIGHT PAGE
TITLE PAGE …………………………………………………………………..
INTRODUCTORY MESSAGE …………………………………...................

TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………….

Lesson 1 – Tone, Mood and Purpose of the Author 1

What I Need to Know…………………………………………………… 1

What I Know: ….…………………………... 1
What’s In: .……………………………………………… 1
What’s New:………………………………..…....... 2
What is It:…………………………………..…… 2
What’s More……………………….……………….............. 3
What I Have Learned:………..………………..……………… 4
What I Can Do:…………………………………….. 4
Assessment: ………………………………….... 5
Additional Activities:…………………………………….. 6

Lesson 2 – Analyze Figures of Speech Simile and Metaphor 7

What I Need to Know…………………………………………………… 7

What I Know: ….…………………………... 7
What’s In: .……………………………………………… 7
What’s New:………………………………..…....... 8
What is It:…………………………………..…… 9
What’s More……………………….……………….............. 10
What I Have Learned:………..………………..……………… 10
What I Can Do:…………………………………….. 10
Assessment: ………………………………….... 11
Additional Activities:…………………………………….. 12

Lesson 3 – Figures of Speech: Hyperbole and Irony 13

What I Need to Know…………………………………………………… 13

What I Know: ….…………………………... 13
What’s In: .……………………………………………… 14
What’s New:………………………………..…....... 15
What is It:…………………………………..…… 15
What’s More……………………….……………….............. 18
What I Have Learned:………..………………..……………… 18
What I Can Do:…………………………………….. 19
Assessment: ………………………………….... 19
Additional Activities:…………………………………….. 19
Lesson 4 – Figures of Speech (Culture-Based Euphemism) 13

What I Need to Know …………………………………………………. 13

What I Know: Multiple Choice Test…………………………………… 13
What’s In: Review……………………………………………… 14
What’s New: Activity: Name that Pic……………………………. 15
What is It: Discussion………………………………………………… 15
What’s More: Discussion and Analysis ……………………………… 18
What I Have Learned: …………………………………………………. 18
What I Can Do: Application …………………………………………… 19
Assessment: The 3 Idiots …………………………………… 19
Additional Activities: Watch a Movie ………………………………. 19

Answer Key …………………………………… 26

Reference …………………………………… 30
 Lesson
Tone, Mood and Purpose
of the Author
1
What I Need to Know

An author is the one who makes or creates a literary work. An author is a writer of
a book, a selection, or a story. To better understand a literary piece, it is a must that one
should look into its tone, mood, and the author’s purpose for writing it.
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
1. Define tone, mood and purpose of the author.
2. Determine the tone, mood and purpose of the Author.
3. Appreciate the use of tone, mood and purpose of the Author in writing poems.

Let us recall the mood of the following utterances.

1. “It’s cold here. Don’t leave me alone please!” pleaded the little girl.
2. “Flowers, flowers everywhere. This is Eden,” cried the young lady.
3. “Won’t you wait a few minutes sir? I’ll call my father.”
4. “That was the biggest mistake I made in my life. Now everything is different.”
5. “Get the life-saving station, please.”
6. “Happy Mother’s Day!” greeted the little child.
7. “Who won the race?” asked the woman.
8. “I’m sorry. I will not do it again” uttered the boy.
9. “You betray me! I don’t want to see you anymore!”
10. “I can’t wait to see the result of the entrance exam!”

Today, you will learn how to determine the tone, mood and purpose of the author.
Read the story “The Lion and the Mouse” by Aesop.

1
Directions: Answer the following questions based on the story “The Lion and the
Mouse” by Aesop. Write your answers on your notebook.
Guide Questions:
1. What did the lion do one day after a big meal?
2. What did the lion want to do with the mouse?
3. What did the mouse promise to the lion?
4. Did the lion think the mouse will fulfil his promise to him?
5. What happened to the lion some days later?
6. How did the mouse help the lion?
7. What lesson can be derived from the story?
8. What do you think is the tone of the story “The Lion and the Mouse” by Aesop?
9. What do you think is the mood conveyed in the story?
10. What do you think is the writer’s purpose for writing this story?

2
Directions: Direction: Read each item carefully. Identify the tone and general mood
expressed by the speaker.
1. “What a place! Cockroaches everywhere, cobwebs and dust thick enough to plant
potatoes in.”
A. excitement B. appreciation C. enjoyment D. disgust
2. “Only one peso? What can I buy with that these days?”
A. discontent B. curiosity C. honesty D. gratitude
3. “That was a close fight and I’m glad our team won. You were marvelous on the court,
boys.”
A. jubilation B. displeasure C. caution D. excitement
4. “You’re always late for work and you don’t even finish half of what you are assigned to
do. You might be fired.”
A. assurance B. threat C. fear D. plea
5. “Say good morning to Sister.” Marie reminds her younger sister.
Marie wants her sister to be ___________.
A. polite B. honest C. helpful D. industrious

3
Directions: Read the poems carefully and identify the general mood expressed. Write
the letter of the best answer on your notebook.

1.

2.

4
3.

5.

Directions: Identify the mood expressed by the character. Write on your notebook the
letter of the correct answer.

1. Aunt Ina has just come from the city when she saw some broken pieces of her
flower vase in the dustpan. Her face went red and in a big voice she said,” “Who
broke my new flower vase?”
A. anger B. joy C. pity D. surprise

2. Celso was playing with his pet dog when suddenly it ran to the middle of the road. A
speeding truck passed by and left his dog limping by the roadside. “Oh, my dog is
hurt.”
A. joy B. gratefulness C. pity D. anger

5
3. It was Cora’s birthday and Helen gave her a box with yellow ribbons. She said, “Thank
you for this beautiful gift.”
A. pity B. joy C. sorrow D. concern

4. Fe was busy cleaning their house for the coming fiesta. She was arranging everything
in the storeroom when suddenly she saw something black inside the broom box. She
shouted, “Oh there’s a big snake in the broom box.”
A. joy B. pity C. fear D. excitement

5. “I wonder where Father and Arthur are, their boat is out of sight.”
A. angry B. hungry C. concern D. frightened

Directions: Infer the mood of the person who said each of the following sentences.
Write your answer on your notebook.
1. “Today is the day I’ve been waiting for.”

A. Angry B. Happy C. Excited D. Lonely

2. “I hate you so much.”

A. Lovable B. Cheerful C. Helpless D. Hatred

3. “We won! We won the game.”

A. Hopeless B. Cheerful C. Tense D. Calm

4. “Your dress is so pretty.”

A. Disgust B. Excitement C. Appreciation D. Enjoyment

5. “I can’t thank you enough for the help you’ve given me.”
A. Curious B. Honest C. Thankful D. Polite

6
 Lesson
Analyze Figures of Speech:
2 Simile and Metaphor

What I Need to Know

Good day to you! Welcome to another module of new learning and discoveries. I
hope you will enjoy this module.
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
1. identify simile and metaphor in the given sentences;
2. write examples of simile and metaphor; and,
3. appreciate the value of simile and metaphor in writing poems.

What I Know

Directions: Identify the figure of speech in every sentence as to SIMILE or

METAPHOR. Write your answers on your notebook.
1. The sky was the color of the calm Pacific thousands of miles from land.
2. I am as hungry as a bear recently awakened from hibernation.
3. She was a kite, floating above the confusion around her.
4. Like a silent thief, the dog crept into the kitchen.
5. The dark, cold and silent room was a tomb.
6. My noisy sister was like a buzzing fly.
7. My thoughts flattered from subject to subject like a butterfly visiting flowers in a field.
8. Dad is mad because my room is a pigpen during the lockdown.
9. To stay inside the house for a month is like being alone in the dark.
10. The food prepared by my mother during the Enhanced Community Quarantine
tastes like heaven to me.

What’s In?

What have you learned from your lesson last time? I want you to answer the exercise
below to check if you still remember your past lesson.
Directions: Infer the speaker’s tone, mood and purpose in the lines below. Write your
answers on your notebook.
1. “Yes, I did it right! Come look and see”. What mood is expressed in this line?
A. jubilant B. challenging C. violent D. frustrating
2. What mood is dominant in the stanza below?
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 I love to watch
The dancing waves,
The sun as it smiles
On the Earth’s face. -From Watching Nature
A. happy B. sad C. gloomy D. melancholy
3. The party would have been a success if not for your presence. The tone of this line is -
A. sadness B. fear C. sarcasm D. brutality
4. The young gentleman gave some bread and water to the street beggar. The tone of
the sentence above is _________.
A. honesty B. integrity C. pity D. faithfulness
5. Are you looking for a shampoo that’s best for your hair? Use Shaynee shampoo. It will
make your hair soft, black and shiny all day long. Try it and see the difference in just one
week. The purpose of the speaker is to __ .
A. persuade B. entertain C. inform D. give directions

What’s New

Activity 1
A. Read the poems and on your notebook answer the questions that follow.
If you are living near a river or a sea, do you enjoy walking along the shores? Do you
collect seashells?
Palace
Dorothy Vena Johnson
A seashell is a palace
Where many echoes dwell,
And when I listen to them
I know them quite well.
They are like the ocean’s roar
Where the seashells buried deep
Learn why the sea is always salty,
And spooky shadows creep.
1. What is described in the poem?
2. Where do the seashells learn that the sea is salty?

Little Boy Lindo

By Maria Eva S. Edon

Little Boy Lindo loves to sit by the window;

To watch the clouds that are white as cottons.
Floating like feathers that go high and low.
Oh, how happy Little Boy Lindo seeing them in tons!

Night and day Little Boy Lindo dreams;

About him swiftly flying like a kite up above,
With his memory that is a camera on the stream,
That captures every moment one can ever have.

Little Boy Lindo’s mind is a wanderer;

That travels far beyond those cottony clouds.
It is like a time machine that quickly remembers;
God’s wondrous creations all of us must be proud.

8
 1. To what object does Lindo compare himself?
2. How are the clouds described in the poem?

What is It

A. Discussion

Figures of speech are language devices

intended to bring out from the reader/listener
Figurative language is fresh reactions or perceptions toa scene or an
a way of expressing ideas object. They make comparisons to familiar
by using symbolisms objects in order to bring out less familiar
instead of ordinary impressions.
language.

Let us now talk about two figures of speech: the simile and the metaphor.
Writers make use of similes and metaphors to make their writing more colorful,
more vivid, and more appealing to the reader.

In simile, the writer uses like or as….as to compare two

(2) things.

Examples:
Today, Lita is as bright as a sunbeam.
A diligent person is like an ant.

In metaphor, the writer

compares two (2 ) things
without using like or as.
A metaphor is a figure of speech
that compares two things. It often
uses the word “is or was “

Examples:
1. Mother is a beacon in matters of faith.
2. Manny Pacquiao is a lion in the fight.

B. Pick out lines from the poems, “Palace” and “Little Boy Lindo” that compare two
things. Create two columns in your notebook (like the one drawn below) and write
your answers there, on the appropriate column.

SIMILE METAPHOR

9
 What’s More

A. Directions: For each sentence given below, write what are being compared.
Example: The noise is music to his ears.
Answer: noise is compared to music.
1. Her hair is as black as the night.
______________ is compared to _____________________
2. The football player is a lion in the game.
_______________ is compared to ____________________
3. The kitten is as light as a feather.
______________ is compared to _____________________
4. I’m so thirsty; my mouth is as dry as a desert.
______________ is compared to ____________________
5. My brother is as tall as a tree.
______________ is compared to ___________________
B. Directions: Read each sentence with understanding. On your notebook, write S if the
statement is a simile and M if it is a metaphor.

1. My brother is as cunning as Dr. Jose Rizal.

2. When I am hungry I can eat like a horse.
3. Life is a roller coaster going up and down.
4. My little sisters fight like cats and dogs.
5. The Lord is my shepherd; there is nothing I shall want.

What I Have Learned

What have you learned in this module?

1. What is a figurative language?
2. Differentiate simile and metaphor.

What I Can Do

A. Analyze every statement below and identify its meaning from the given choices. Write
on your notebook the letter of your answer.
1. This steak is like leather; I need a sharp knife.
A. is tender B. is tough
C. comes from a cow D. come from the children
2. Because of the continuous rain, the roads have become like rivers.
A. muddy B. flooded C. dusty D. story
3. The last time my uncle saw me, he said I was thin as a beanpole.
A. very straight B. very strong C. very smart D. very slender
4. Brenda’s baby brother is a dumpling.
A. small and thin B. round and fat
C. long and fat D. long and round

10
 5. People who do not think for themselves are like puppets.
A. ruled by others B. proud C. active D. smart
6. The house was like a beehive before the important visitors arrived.
A. busy B. quiet C. empty D. clean
7. Marina is the apple of her father’s eye.
A. target B. favorite C. direction D. hated
B. Write on your notebook the two words that are being compared in each sentence.
Then identify the figure of speech used as to SIMILE or METAPHOR.
Example: Aram slept like a dog.
Answer: Aram and dog -- SIMILE
1. Steven sings like a nightingale.
2. The moon is a lantern in the sky.
3. Freda is a fish when she swims.
4. Leo is like lightening when he races.
5. Our bunny’s fur is a blanket of warmth.
6. Han’s voice is velvet.
7. Peter is as sweet as pie.
8. Vivian’s mind works like a computer.

Assessment

A. Directions: Write on your notebook the two words that are being compared in
each sentence. Then identify the figure of speech used as to SIMILE or
METAPHOR.

1. Her hair was as black as a coal.

2. Life is a highway.
3. His family considers him a carabao in the field.
4. Her heart becomes steel when problems come.
5. After school, my sister and I are couch potatoes.
6. Your backpack is as light as a feather.
7. My sister is an angel.
8. The cat’s fur feels like a warm blanket.
9. My hands are cold as ice.
10. You are a pain in the neck.
B. Use your imagination to finish these similes. Write your answers on the notebook.
1. I’m exhausted after swimming across the river which is as wide as _________.
2. Before he got a haircut and shaved his arms and legs, he was as hairy as ___.
3. Lucy broke her arms after falling from the guava tree. It hurt so bad, she
said it felt like ______________________.
4. Ronald is much unorganized. His room is as messy as
___________________.
5. Pauline couldn’t believe how hot it was today. She thought she was going to__

C. Write on your notebook three (3) similes and three (3) metaphors about any topic that
you like.

11
 Additional Activities

Simile Poem
Directions: On your notebook, copy the simile poem below. Then supply words to
complete it. Provide for your own title.
Title: ___________
As poor as a _________________
As strong as an _______________
As cute as a _________________
As smart as __________________

As thin as a __________________
As white as a _________________
As fit as a ___________________
As dumb as a ________________

As bald as a _________________
As neat as a _________________
As ugly as __________________

When people are talking

You know what they’ll say
As soon as they start to
Use a cliché.

12
 Lesson
Figures of Speech:
3 Hyperbole and Irony

Hello learners, here we are again! Now, are you excited to learn something new? This
time I want you think about this phrase. “Learning is going to take longer than it took to build
the Great Wall of China!” Yeah right! it is some kind of exaggeration but today you are going
to learn something new like no other day. Have fun and let’s begin an exciting adventure!

What I Need to Know

This module contains the lesson analyzing the different figure of speech specifically
hyperbole and irony. This will give the learners an idea how to explore and break down
knowledge about the different figures of speech. Also, this will give the learners knowledge to
comprehend and construct meaning from variety of texts for variety of purposes. It also
teaches them to value its uses and apply it for self-expression and personal development.

After completing this module, you are expected to:

1. analyze figures of speech such as hyperbole and irony;
2. construct meaning from a variety of texts of irony and hyperbole ; and
3. value the uses of hyperbole and irony in everyday living.

To achieve the set objectives of this module, follow the instructions below:
1. Read and follow instructions carefully.
2. Answer the pretest before you go to the lesson proper.
3. Jot notes and record points for clarification.
4. Check your own answers. Compare it to the key to answer found at the end
of the module.
5. Perform the activities designed to fully understand the lesson.
6. Answer the assessment to know how much you have learned in each lesson.
7. Take the post-test after going through the entire module.

What I Know

Directions: Read the following test items below. Choose the best answer from the given
choices and write the letter of your answer on your activity notebook.
1. What is hyperbole?
A. A figure of speech which uses exaggeration
B. A figure of speech which uses understatement
C. A type of simile
D. All of the above

13
2. Which of the following pieces must NOT use hyperbole?
A. in pop songs B. in scientific writing C. in essays D. in a speech

3. Which is NOT true of hyperbole?

A. It is used by adults and children alike.
B. It can be found in poetry.
C. It should be taken literally.
D. It is used to emphasize something.
4. What does hyperbole mean in the sentence, “My mom is going to kill me!”?
A. This person is afraid for his or her life.
B. This person’s mom is planning to kill him or her.
C. This person’s mom intends to hurt him or her badly.
D. This person has angered his or her mom and is afraid of her response.
5. Which of the following is hyperbole?
A. The sun smiled at me. B. I’m alive, alert, awake enthusiastic.
C. You smile like a baby. D. I haven’t seen you in a million years!
6. Irony is the use of words to convey a meaning that is opposite of what is actually said.
A. true B. false C. maybe D. can be

7. Which of the following is NOT a type of irony?

A. situational B. vocal C. dramatic D. verbal
8. Which of the following is NOT one of the main uses of irony?
A. Revealing a character/perspective
B. Showing a logical connection
C. Generating humor
D. Showing the absurdity of life

9. Saying the opposite of what you mean is ______.

A. Situational irony B. Dramatic irony C. Verbal irony D. Not ironic

10. You would not use situational irony in a formal essay, but you might____.
A. use coincidence instead B. use verbal irony instead
C. point it out D. disprove it

What’s In

A. Recall the figures of speech you have previously learned. Construct five figurative
statements and write them on your activity notebook.
B. Identify the affix/affixes and roots of the following words:

root word affix

1. priceless
2. uncertain
3. impatient
4. disrespectful
5. unacceptable

14
 What’s New

Read over these poem excerpts.

A. “As I Walked Out One Evening,”

By: W.H. Auden

I’ll love you, dear, I’ll love you

Till China and Africa meet,
And the river jumps over the mountain
And the salmon sing in the street.

B. “Ironic”
By: Selio Aras

Isn't it ironic,
how we tell others to stay strong,
yet we can’t do it ourselves?
Everyone seems to think
I am the “master” at
solving problems but,
I can't even figure out
how to solve my own…
What figurative language was used in the first and second poems?

Discussions

In the first poem, when will China and Africa meet? How can a river jump over
a mountain? And when will salmon be intelligent enough to sing or evolved enough to
walk the streets? Of course, none of these things will ever happen but it implies that
the author, W.H. Auden, will love her forever and he is using exaggerating words like
hyperbole to emphasize the strength of his love.

In the second poem, what do you think does it express? Do you also tell others
to stay strong but you can’t even do it on your own? There are two contradicting
meanings of the same situation in the poem. In many cases, this refers to irony which
is the difference between expectations and reality.

What is It

Two of the most identified figures of speech that are used in everyday
communications are hyperbole and irony. They tell us meanings which should not be
taken literally.

15
 How do you define hyperbole?
Hyperbole is a figure of speech in which an author or speaker purposely and
obviously exaggerates to an extreme. It is used for emphasis or as a way of making
a description more creative and humorous.
In literature, hyperbole will often be
used to show contrast or catch the reader's
attention. Hyperboles are not comparisons, like
similes and metaphors, but extravagant and even
ridiculous overstatements, not meant to be taken
literally. Let's take a closer look.
Example: “I haven’t seen you in a million
years!”
This example serves to emphasize how long a period of time feels.
Sometimes, especially in school, it feels as if time has slowed down and vacation will
never come. We know this isn’t true, but we use hyperbole to communicate how things
feel to us.
Similar to a well-delivered speech,
hyperbole can help paint a vivid picture or
express a strong emotion in the lyrics of a
song.
Example: “Now there's just no chance, for
you and me, there'll never be, and don't it
make you sad about it, Cry me a river, Cry
me a river.”
-Justin Timberlake, "Cry
Me a River"
Other Examples of Hyperbole:
1. I have been searching your name all over the universe.
2. I cannot live without seeing my crush daily.
3. She told you not to touch her phone for a thousand times.
4. We are really hungry; we can eat all the food in the restaurant.

What about the figure of speech “Irony”?

Irony is a statement that expresses the opposite meaning. It has actions that have an
effect exactly opposite to what is being meant by the speaker. It is when there are two
contradicting meanings of the same situation, event, image, sentence, phrase, or story. In
many cases, this refers to the difference between expectations and reality.
Let’s look at this Example:
“A staircase leading up to a fitness center, with an escalator running alongside it. All
the gym patrons are using the escalator and no one is on the stairs.”
Given that this is a fitness center, we would expect that everyone should be dedicated
to health and exercise, and so they would use the free exercise offered by the stairs. But

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instead, they flock to the comfort of the escalator, in spite of the fact that they have come all
this way just to exercise. Once again, our expectations are violated and the result is irony
and humor.
Other Examples of Irony:
1. When your classmate is late and the teacher says this line “You are too
early for the afternoon classes.”
2. Exclaiming “Oh! I am great and smart! I got the highest score in our Math
quiz today!” when your score is1/20.
3. When your mom is mad and telling you “you are really a good boy! You
always do a thing that makes me angry and disappointed”.
4. My father was so happy when my classmate told him that I accidentally
broke the teacher’s vase; he even scolded and hit me with his belt.
5. Carla likes the taste of durian fruit a lot. It makes her vomit and feel sick.

There are three types of irony. They are:

1. Verbal Irony. It is the use of words to present a meaning that is different from
what the speaker says. Almost all the time, the person intentionally and knowingly
uses Verbal Irony to be understood as meaning something different to what his or her
words’ literal meaning.
Examples are:

 After looking at a student’s poor test score, the teacher says, “You will surely
finish the year with highest honors”.
 A man tastes his wife’s delicious home- cooked meal and exclaims, “I shall
never eat this food ever again”.
2. Situational Irony. It happens when what is expected and intended to happen
doesn’t take place. Instead, the exact opposite occurs. The result could be either
serious or comic.
Examples are:

 Dr. Johnson smokes a pack of cigarettes a day.

 Our boss, the owner of a big construction firm, cannot fix his house’s broken
ceiling.
 The defense lawyer failed to acquit his son in a case.
3. Dramatic Irony. It happens when the audience or readers are aware of
something, which the character of a movie or story does not know. Dramatic Irony is
used to convey emotions more intently. It gives the audience or readers a sense of
thrill and excitement.
Examples are:

 In “Saving Private Ryan”, the group of soldiers were hopeless they could find
Private James Ryan alive, but the audience knew from the start that Private
Ryan went on to live until his later years.
 The wife believed that her husband died in an airplane crash and but the
audience was aware that the husband had survived.

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  Readers knew that Caitlyn’s character in the novel “A Song for Caitlin” would
eventually die but the other characters never even knew she was sick

What’s More

Activity 1
Directions: Read the sentences and classify them whether Hyperbole or Irony. Write
your answers on your activity notebook.
1. I have been searching your name all over the universe.
2. When your classmate is late and the teacher says this line” You are too
early for the afternoon classes.”
3. I cannot live without seeing my crush daily.
4. She told you not to touch her phone for a thousand times.
5. Exclaiming “Oh! I am great and smart! I got the highest score in our Math
quiz today when your score is1/20”.
6. When your mom is mad and telling you are really a good boy, you
always do a thing that makes her angry and disappointed.
7. We are really hungry; we can eat all the food in the restaurant.
8. My father was so happy when my classmate told him that I accidentally
broke the teacher’s vase; he even scolded and hit me with his belt.
9. I can bring you the moon and stars whenever you want.
10. Carla likes the taste of durian fruit a lot. It makes her vomit and feel sick.

What I Have Learned

Hyperbole and Irony are figures of speech that tell us meanings which should not be taken
literally.

Hyperbole is (uncountable) extreme exaggeration or overstatement; especially as a literary

or rhetorical device while Irony is a statement that, when taken in context, may actually mean
something different from, or the opposite of, what is written literally; the use of words
expressing something other than their literal intention, often in a humorous context.

There are three types of irony: Verbal Irony, Situational Irony, and Dramatic Irony.

The importance of hyperbole is often used in day-to-day speech. It uses exaggeration to

emphasize a certain characteristic of something, and especially how it feels. While on the

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other hand, the most common purpose of irony is to create humor and/or point out the
absurdity of life.

What I Can Do

Direction: Write down 5 family members or friends. Next to their names write one thing that
you admire about them or something they are good at. Create a hyperbole statement about
the description you make.
Example: Name: ___Mona___________ Skill/Trait: _______funny_______
Hyperbole: We almost swallow our mouth every time Mona throw out jokes.

Assessment

Directions: Read each sentence carefully and write it on your activity notebook whether it is
Hyperbole or Irony.
1. I have a million works to finish today.
2. My mother becomes a dragon when she is mad.
3. Wow! I really like the ending of the story. The girl died and it
is indeed a happy ending. My gosh! I hate it!
4. If I will not see the BTS members personally, I will die.
5. “Just watch the television whole day. It will make you smarter
in school!” said my father.
6. I could cry a river right now.
7. Great! Another rainy day. How wonderful!
8. She’s very late. “Wow, I can't wait!"
9. The old man was older than the Himalayas!
10. I feel like the whole world was staring at me.

Additional Activities

Activity 4
Write on your notebook a dialog with you and any of your family members. Make use
of Hyperbole and Irony statements and underline them.

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 Lesson
Figures of Speech
4 (Culture-Based Euphemism)

What I Need to Know

To be polite, people have the tendency to veil concepts that are delicate or offensive.
Communicators use euphemisms in their utterances, spoken or written, to cover up or soften
the unpleasant connotations and denotations of some words or expressions. It is a figure of
speech, which means “an expression in which the words are not used in literal sense”. It is
widely used in various situations in everyday language. It can be used in both formal and
informal conversations. It makes the bad things seem good, the negative situations look like
positive, the unnatural can look natural, the unpleasant can become attractive, or a least
tolerable. People will generally understand the euphemism meaning, even though you’re not
“coming right out of it”.
The objectives of this lesson are:

1. analyze culture-based euphemisms (EN6RC-If-6.12).

2. integrate euphemisms in communication; and,
3. Show politeness in conversations

What I Know

Replace the underlined words with the euphemisms inside the box.

economically disadvantaged passed away

on the streets less favored by beauty
correctional facility sanitation person
mentally challenged thin on top
nervous breakdown pre-loved

1. I’m going to jail for a few months.

2. My friend died last year.
3. He has been homeless since he lost his job.
4. During the pandemic, the government gave cash assistance to the poor.
5. She is ugly.
6. My father is becoming bald.
7. The company doesn’t hire stupid people.
8. This used sofa is for sale.
9. The fire has turned Marina’s house into ashes; she suffered from lunacy.
10. Once a week, the garbage collector empties the bi

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 What’s In

In the previous lesson, you have learned that writing poetry can be more interesting
when figures of speech such as simile and metaphor are used. They give you the chance to
compare two different things in more artistic manners.
Directions: In the exercise below, identify each statement as to SIMILE or METAPHOR.
Write your answers on your notebook.
1. My heart is a lonely hunter.
2. You are the apple of my eye.
3. Home is like heaven on earth.
4. Freedom is as elusive as the wind
5. Your love is like the sun that lights up my whole world.

What’s New

Today, we are going to study another figure of speech which is

euphemism.
The term euphemism refers to polite, indirect expressions that replace
words and phrases considered harsh and impolite, or which suggest something
unpleasant. For example, many organizations use the term “downsizing” for the
distressing act of firing its employees.
Listed below are the functions of euphemisms:
 Soften the reality of what we are communicating
 Express what is socially difficult to express in direct terms
 Discuss an issue that is terrifying or taboo
 Elevate the status of something
In order to use a euphemism:
 decide when you need to say something that might be unpleasant
or offensive
 replace the phrase with a gentle (euphemistic) wor d or phrase.
Euphemism depends largely on the social context of the speakers and
writers, where they feel the need to replace certain words that may prove
embarrassing for particular listeners or readers in particular situation.

What is It

To make you learn more about euphemisms, read and understand the
examples with their meaning below, which are classified according to categories
or types.

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 Euphemisms for People

big boned – fat thin on top – bald

horizontally challenged - fat creative with truth - liar

vertically challenged - short mentally challenged - stupid

between jobs – unemployed cognitively challenged - stupid

getting on – getting old economical with truth - liar

not the sharpest pencil in the box - over the hill – too old to function
stupid effectively

doesn’t suffer fools gladly – rude and one sandwich short of picnic – not
unkind smart

on the streets - homeless knocked-up - pregnant

economically disadvantaged - poor visually challenged – visually

impaired/ blind

negative cash flow - broke couch potato - lazy

portly – fat/overweight underachiever - loser

full-figured - overweight less favored by beauty/plain - ugly

curvy - overweight under the weather - sick

moon landing - bald

Euphemisms about Getting Fired

letting go made redundant – This one isn’t as

bad as it means your job doesn’t exist
early retirement – only for older anymore
people

Euphemisms about war

collateral damage - When an attack extraordinary rendition – This is when

kills innocent people (or damages an army takes someone away without
homes, hospital, schools, etc.) going through any legal system.

friendly fire – When an army kills armed intervention – military attack

people on his own side, usually by
accident victim - casualty

Euphemisms for Death

passed on bite the big one

passed away bought the farm

dearly departed – the dead wearing cement shoes

negative patient outcome bit the dust

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 didn’t make it whacked

going to the other side croaked

Euphemisms for Bad

up to scratch – It wasn’t good enough. left a lot to be desired – It was pretty

bad and unsatisfying

questionable idea – There was a

problem with the idea.

Euphemisms for Bodily Functions

break wind – pass gas or fart making deposit in the porcelain bank
– going to the bathroom

blow chunks - vomit fired a shot – flatulence

Backed up worse than the Hoover Powder your nose – use restroom
dam - constipate
Euphemisms for Places

Correctional facility - prison Restroom - toilet

What’s More
Match the word in column A with its corresponding euphemism in column B.
Write on your notebook the letter of the correct answer.
A B
1. fat A. under the weather
2. toilet B. couch potato
3. unemployed C. restroom
4. lazy D. curvy
5. kill E. casualty
6. liar F. plain
7. loser G. put to sleep
8. sick H. between jobs
9. ugly I. economical with truth
10. victim J. underachiever

What I have learned

Read the following statements and choose the best answers. Write on your notebook the
letter of your answer.
1. It refers to the use of agreeable or inoffensive words to replace rude or offensive
ones
A. euphemism B. personification C. assonance D. idiom

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2. People use euphemism in conversation to _____
A. sound clever
B. insult others
C. increase the possibility of confusion
D. talk about something without addressing it directly
3. He is big boned man as he eats a lot. What is meant by big boned?
A. fat B. poor C. skinny D. tall
4. Which of the following statements uses euphemism?
A. She’s dead. B. She’s met her maker.
C. Her heart stopped beating. D. She’s no longer alive.
5. You are the manager in the company and you have to fire one of your employees.
Choose the less direct statement to soften the blow when you deliver the news.
A. You’re fired.
B. I’m going to let you go.
C. You can apply in another company.
D. You’re not needed in this company anymore.

What I Can Do

Rewrite the sentences to make them less direct and more polite by using euphemisms. Write
your answers on your notebook.

Example: He stayed in prison for more than 30 years.

Answer: He stayed in the correctional facility for more than 30 years.
1. Danilo’s supervisor fired him.
2. She used the toilet before going to bed.
3. There was a problem in her report.
4. Sarah is uglier than her friends.
5. I am going to buy a used vehicle.
6. Go away. I need to rest.
7. She loves to buy cheap things.
8. Many doctors died because of COVID-19.
9. The cafe employs retarded teens.
10. The pianist is blind.

Assessment

Complete the sentences by supplying the appropriate euphemisms. Pick out your answers
from the box and write them on your notebook.

borrowed money without asking portly

plenty of room for improvement restroom
fulfill the requirements under the weather
correctional facility couch potato
dearly departed collateral damage

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 1. Kuya Pabling couldn’t run fast because he was __________.
2. Where can I find the __________?
3. He was sentenced three years in __________ because of theft.
4. You look __________. Why don’t you go and see a doctor?
5. Someone __________ from my purse.
6. Lindo’s driving ability had __________.
7. Manong Lucio is a __________. He sits around and does nothing all day.
8. The student did not __________ of the examination.
9. The military made a tactical mistake that resulted in __________ to the local area.
10. I’m afraid our beloved grandfather has __________. We will miss him.

Additional Activities

There are five (5) euphemisms listed below. Use them in meaningful sentences that show
your everyday life at home while on quarantine.
1. full-figured
2. bite the big one
3. collateral damage
4. questionable idea
5. negative cash flow

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Lesson 1

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Lesson 2

Lesson 3

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 Performance of the learners will be rated based on the following criteria:
Criteria 5 4 3 2 1
Excellent Very Satisfactory Moderately Good
Satisfactory Satisfactory
Content/Accuracy
Organization
Grammar/Spelling

Pretest:

What’s More:

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Assessment:

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Lesson 4

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References
Lesson 1
Castillo, Kristine, et al. Joy in Learning English. Quezon City, Book Media

Press,2016.Activity Sheets in English 6 (Quarter 1:Week 3-Day1)

English-6-DLP-38-Inferring-the-General-Mood-of-the-Selection.

Lesson 2
Your Dictionary, “Examples of Similes”.YourDictionary.April 10, 2017.Accessed May 9,2017
http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examplesof-similes:htm
Find worksheets,games,lessons and more at education.com/resources
https://www.k12reader.com/worksheet/which-is-it-metaphor-or-simile/view/
Simile and Metaphor Worksheets.https//englishlinx.com
Simile and Metaphor Activity Sheets.https//www.pinterest.com
Illustrations Source.www.pinterest.ph/clarissadavid14/

Lesson 3
Hyperbole and Its Examples : https://literarydevices.net/hyperbole/Accessed: May 22, 2020
Irony and Its Examples : https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-
irony.htmlAccessed: May 22, 2020
Types of Irony: http://typesofirony.com/irony-examples/Accessed: May 23, 2020
Ironic poetry : https://hellopoetry.com/words/ironic/ ;Accessed: May 24, 2020
Hyperbole Worksheets : https://literaryterms.net/hyperbole-quiz/ ;Accessed: May 27, 2020
Lesson 4
DLP English 6 Valencia City Division
Joy In Learning English 5
https://examples.yourdictionary.com
https://literarydevices.net
https://kidskonnect.com
https://www.grammar-monster.com
www.clarkandmiller.com
www.literaryterms.com
https://coursehero.com
www.helpteaching.com
https://.translationjournal.net
www.peptalkindia.com

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Department of Education – Division of Lanao del Norte

Office Address:Gov. A. QuibranzaProv’l. Gov’t. Compound,
Pigcarangan, Tubod, Lanao del Norte
Telephone Nos.: (063)227 – 6633, (063)341 – 5109
E-mail Address:E-mail Address: lrmdsldn@gmail.com.

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