There is / there are / Haber

There is / there are is a grammatical structure used to express that someone or something
exists. / There is / there are es una estructura gramatical que se utiliza para expresar la
existencia de alguien o de algo.

Singular

affirmative

there is … (there’s)

negative

there is not … (there isn´t or there’s not)

interrogative

is there …?

Plural

affirmative
there are …

negative
there are not … (there aren’t)

interrogative
are there …?

There is and it is

1. we use there is/ are when we talk about something for the first time in a conversation, and
when we say where it is or when it is. we do not use there to talk about the same thing again; we
use singular it (here meaning ‘the big market’) or plural they (here meaning ‘the two buses’).

2. we also use there is/are etc. to talk about the number of people or things in a place.

Prepositions of place

1. in, on and at are used to talk about places:

 we use in with enclosed spaces (e.g. rooms, buildings) and limited areas (e.g. towns, parks,
countries, continents):
 we use on with surfaces (e.g. walls, floors, shelves) and lines (e.g. paths, coasts, the
equator):
  we use at with a point (e.g. at the bus stop), and at with a building, when we mean either
inside or outside:

Articles (1)

1. we use a before words which begin with consonants (b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l …):

we also use a before u when it sounds like the word ‘you’; and before eu:

we use an before words which begin with vowels (a, e, I, o, u):

we also use an before words that begin with a silent h.

2. we usually use a/an with a noun to talk about a person or thing for the first time:

we use the when we talk about the person or thing again:

3. we use the when there is only one of something:

Articles (2)

1. we use a/an singular nouns:

2. we use a/an when it isn’t necessary to make clear which particular thing we are talking about.

3. we use the with singular or plural nouns:

we can use the with uncountable nouns:

And, both

1. we use and and both … and to link two similar ideas in one sentence: