This study guide contains content for Exam 2.

It will narrow down the key concepts,

artworks, and terminology that you will need to study. For each item, consider what
information is in the textbook.

Chapter 4

Figurines of the Cyclades Islands---

are among the most enigmatic and most evocative objects
from Greek prehistory. They were produced in the Cycladic islands (whence
the name) in the southern Aegean for a few centuries around the middle of the
third millennium BC.

The labrys (double-ax) motif---

The labrys, or pelekys, is the double axe Zeus uses to invoke storm and, the relatively
modern Greek word for lightning is "star-axe" (ἀστροπελέκι astropeleki)[16] The worship of the
double axe was kept up in the Greek island of Tenedos and in several cities in the south-
west of Asia Minor, and it appears in later historical times in the cult of the thunder god of
Asia Minor (Zeus Labrayndeus).

Knossos palace---
Knossos is the largest Bronze Age archaeological site on Crete and has been called
Europe's oldest city. Settled as early as the Neolithic period, the name Knossos survives
from ancient Greek references to the major city of Crete.

Kamares style of Minoan pottery. Review the characteristics.

Spring (fresco)---
The Spring Fresco, or the fresco of the Room of the Lilies, from the Delta
Complex at the Late Bronze Age site of Akrotiri is considered to be the first
painting of a nature scene in European art history. With this has come significant
analysis of the fresco, which covers three walls of the small room

Treasury of Atreus/tholos tomb--

The Treasury of Atreus or Tomb of Agamemnon[1] is a large tholos or beehive tomb on
Panagitsa Hill at Mycenae, Greece, constructed during the Bronze Age around 1250 BC.
The stone lintel above the doorway weighs 120 tons, with approximate dimensions 8.3 x 5.2
x 1.2m,[2] the largest in the world. The tomb was used for an unknown period. Mentioned by
the Roman geographer Pausanias in the 2nd century AD, it was still visible in 1879 when the
German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann discovered the shaft graves under the "agora" in
the Acropolis at Mycenae.

Cyclopean masonry—
Cyclopean masonry is a type of stonework found in Mycenaean architecture, built with
massive limestone boulders, roughly fitted together with minimal clearance between adjacent
stones and with clay mortar or no use of mortar.
Chapter 5

Periods of Greek art in chronological order—

 A shared language, religion, and culture.
 The Dark Ages (c. 1100 – c. 800 B.C.E.) to the Orientalizing Period (c.
700 – 600 B.C.E.)
 The Archaic Period (c. 600-480/479 B.C.E.)
 The Classical Period (480/479-323 B.C.E.)
 The Hellenistic Period and Beyond (323 B.C.E. – 31 B.C.E.)

Archaic smile—
The Archaic smile is what we interpret in modern day to be a smile. It is
represented in Archaic sculptures as the lips being upturned. It is typically seen
in Archaic sculptures before the 5th century BC. The Archaic smile appeared
on sculptures in the second quarter of the 6th century BC.

New York Kouros why is it significant?—

The New York Kouros is an early example of life-sized statuary in Greece. The marble statue
of a Greek youth, kouros, was carved in Attica, has an Egyptian pose, and is otherwise
separated from the block of stone. It is named for its current location, at the Metropolitan
Museum of Art in New York City. 

Kritios boy/contrapposto—
The marble Kritios Boy or Kritian Boy belongs to the Early Classical period of ancient
Greek sculpture. It is the first statue from classical antiquity known to use contrapposto;
[1]
 Kenneth Clark called it "the first beautiful nude in art"[2] It is possible, even likely, that earlier
Bronze statues had used the technique, but if they did, they have not survived [2] and Susan
Woodford has speculated that the statue is a copy of a Bronze original. [3] The Kritios Boy is
thus named because it is attributed, on slender evidence, [2] to Kritios who worked together
with Nesiotes (sculptors of Harmodius and Aristogeiton) or their school, from around 480 BC.
As currently mounted, the statue is considerably smaller than life-size at 117 cm (3 ft 10 ins),
[1][4]
 including the supports that replace the missing feet.
Contrapposto is an Italian term that means "counterpoise". It is used in the visual arts to
describe a human figure standing with most of its weight on one foot, so that its shoulders
and arms twist off-axis from the hips and legs in the axial plane.

Polykleitos’, Spear Bearer and The Canon—

The Doryphoros of Polykleitos is one of the best known Greek sculptures of classical
antiquity, depicting a solidly built, muscular, standing warrior, originally bearing a spear
balanced on his left shoulder. Wikipedia
Artist: Polykleitos
Medium: Bronze

Caryatid—
A caryatid is a sculpted female figure serving as an architectural support taking the place of a
column or a pillar supporting an entablature on her head. The Greek term karyatides literally
means "maidens of Karyai", an ancient town on the Peloponnese.

Myron’s, Discus Thrower—

The Discobolus of Myron is a Greek sculpture completed at the start of the Classical Period,
figuring a youthful ancient Greek athlete throwing discus, about 460–450 BC. Wikipedia
Artist: Myron
Location: The British Museum
Medium: Bronze

The Hellenistic sculpture Sleeping Satyr (Barberini Faun)---

The life-size marble statue known as the Barberini Faun,
Fauno Barberini or Drunken Satyr is located in the Glyptothek in Munich,
Germany. ... In Greek mythology, satyrs were human-like male woodland spirits
with several animal features, often a goat-like tail, hooves, ears, or
horns. Satyrs attended Dionysus.
The life-size marble statue known as the Barberini Faun,
Fauno Barberini or Drunken Satyr is located in the Glyptothek in Munich,
Germany. ... In Greek mythology, satyrs were human-like male woodland spirits
with several animal features, often a goat-like tail, hooves, ears, or
horns. Satyrs attended Dionysus.

The Hellenistic sculpture The Dying Gaul

The Dying Gaul was found in Rome in the gardens of the Villa Ludovisi with
another ancient marble sculpture, the Gaul Committing Suicide with his Wife. ...
The sculptures are Roman copies of Greek bronze originals created in the third
century BC to commemorate the victory of the king of Pergamon over the Gauls.

Doric, Ionic, Corithinian orders. Could you identify the three of them?

Temple/architectural terms such as: pediment, cella, cornice, frieze

East Pediment of the Parthenon sculptural frieze

Caryatids at the Acropolis, where are they?

Athena Parthenos sculpture. Review the symbolism.

Venus de Milo—
The Venus de Milo is an ancient Greek statue and one of the most famous works of ancient
Greek sculpture. Initially it was attributed to the sculptor Praxiteles, but based on an
inscription that was on its plinth, the statue is now thought to be the work of Alexandros of
Antioch. Wikipedia
Artist: Alexandros of Antioch
Opened: 130 BC
Location: Louvre Museum
Medium: Marble
Year: 100 BC (circa)

Classical vs Hellenistic style. What are the major differences?

In Hellenistic forms, the artists had freedom with their
subjects. In classical art forms, one can come across more
religious and naturalistic themes. On the contrary, the
Hellenistic art forms came out with more dramatic
expressions of the spiritual as well as the preoccupation.

SHORT ANSWER ESSAY BANK

Two of these topics will appear on the exam. Study all four of them. Responses should
use specific examples and terms. Avoid vague sentences like “Art from this time period
had a lot of angels.” Instead, “During the Renaissance, scenes from the bible and
religious themes dominated painting.”

1. What contributions did Pericles (Perikles) make to the High Classical Period? Use
specific examples.

495 bce, Athens—died 429, Athens), Athenian statesman largely responsible

for the full development, in the later 5th century bce, of both the Athenian
democracy and the Athenian empire, making Athens the political and cultural
focus of Greece. His achievements included the construction of the
Acropolis, begun in 447.

2. Talk about the stylistic differences between black-figure painting from red-figure
painting.
3. Talk about the differences between Cycladic art and Minoan art. Use examples.
4. Compare and contrast the following sculptures: New York Kouros and Anavyos
Kouros.