Province: Sorsogon

Country: Philippines

Barangays: 24 (see Barangays)

Region: Bicol Region (Region V)

Spanish Period

Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered
settlements. . These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the
presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives
of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to
these Moro-related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground.[6]

Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and
earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the
Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross
& Sword' reached them.[7]

Spanish period

The town's foundation

Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894.In Inarado, the
fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being
merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following
Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate
pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater
— the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one-man
authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place,
a gobernadorcillo.

In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This
was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the
efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose
Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a
new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town
center).
Division

The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan,
Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the Mother parish
and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn,
established their own parishes. See table below:

Stone watchtowers

Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion
was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates,
the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew
up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders
decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan
Macsimiano and ex-gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas.

The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected
watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona).[10]

Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which
encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has
five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike
the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a
triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped
base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the
church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact.[10]

Growth and wealth

Among the province's other towns, Bulusan was comparatively well-off. Being a major port of armadillas
(small ships) patrolling the high seas — equivalent to present-day Philippine Coast Guard — it was well
protected from the Moro pirates. As a consequence, people from other towns came, earned their living,
and paid tributes to the Spanish Government. In 1809, when the governor of Albay ordered the
construction of a cemetery outside each town, Bulusan reported the highest construction cost (200
pesos) in a display of its considerable wealth.
Spain's control over the Buluseños — the locals of Bulusan — and the rest of the natives throughout the
islands brought a significant change in their community life. They were made to embrace Catholic faith
more by force than by conviction. Polos y servicios (forced labor) was widely used especially in the
building of buildings like churches and rectories with its dungeons, and the casa tribunal (town hall). It
could be presumed that a forced labor was likewise employed in the construction of Punta Diamante
and the other watchtowers.

American period Edit

Bulusan had its own share of heroes in the revolution against Spain. These same individuals would later
find themselves in the war against the Americans. Colonel Emeterio Funes, a Buluseño, was one of the
foremost revolutionary leaders in the province. Coming home from a military service under General
Miguel Malvar, he was aware of the immediate plans of the Americans to invade the rest of the country.
Upon his arrival in Bulusan, he met with the town's prominent figures, with the parish priest in
attendance, in the church rectory. Together, they drew up plans for a revolutionary movement in the
province. In 1900, Emeterio Funes was appointed colonel of the revolutionary forces in Sorsogon by
General Vito Belarmino of Albay.

The revolutionary forces in the province had been quite a success, what with the natives and the elected
officials on their side. On April 25, 1900, the Americans waged a battle with the Filipino revolutionaries
in Sitio Boco, San Francisco. The Americans suffered three casualties: one lieutenant was killed and two
soldiers were wounded. Meanwhile, only two soldiers were wounded on the defender's side. Due to
lack of ammunition, the revolutionaries were unable to make a second attack and had to flee to safety.
The Americans, enraged with the loss of a comrade and the failure to capture Colonel Funes,[citation
needed] later on burned the entire town. After two years of effective resistance, on February 21, 1901,
Colonel Funes took the oath of allegiance to the United States in a ceremony done in Bulan. Knowing
that the inhabitants were getting weary of the war, he decided to end it peacefully.

Under the Americans, the first municipal president was Braulio Ganzo. However, the first local executive
elected in Bulusan by popular suffrage was Juan Fortades.[11]

From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government,

communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public
instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal
building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing
another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road
connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and
mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal
government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was
initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks
system was constructed.

At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of
Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from
Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a
political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a
member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino
and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña.[12]

World War II

This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War
broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by
the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re-
emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of
local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions
remained with the resistance group.

Language

Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and
in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English.

Religion

Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's
Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born-again Christians and other fundamental
denominations in the town.

Attractions

Mt. Bulusan, the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park

Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece
of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain
is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and
encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minutes drive through a paved winding road from
the Bulusan town proper.[16]

Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate
from the mountains of the National Park.

Woods Camp Resort. Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort
between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph
Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become
one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan.

Masacrot Spring. A man-made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground
springs.[17]

Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man-made earthen swimming
pool which can be reached after a 20-minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass,
under a canopy of tall coconut trees.[17]

• Bayugin Falls. Located in Barangay San Francisco in Bulusan and surrounded by a thick forest, the falls
is the source of the Bayugin River which eventually joins Paghasaan River as it flows into Bulusan River.
[18] It can be reached by a 20-minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco.
A 20-minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the
hike.[19]

• Dulipay River

• Nasipit Spring. In San Rafael.

• Buklad River. Near San Francisco

Historical sites

Punta Diamante. The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater
Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five
watchtowers dotting the historical complex.[20]

Buco Pass

Dancalan, Miliga-biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan.
Tan-awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive
Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san
antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and
the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days.[21]

Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan,
Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept-secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over
the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing
powers.