charac impedance wavelength = c/f

for parallel two-wire line: y = a + jB (complex)

a = attenuation coef
Zo = 276 log (2S/d) B = phase shift coef = 2pi/wavelength
(rad/m)
Zo = (276/sqrt(e))log(D/r)
e = 8.854 pF/m (constant 32 calculator)
reflection coeff
d = diameter // r = radius
r = Zl-Zo/Zl+Zo

for coaxial cable

SWR = Vmax/Vmin = 1 + r. coeff / 1 - r. coeff
SWR (purely resistive) = Zl/Zo or Zo/Zl
Zo = (138/sqrt(e)) log (D/d)
consider e for polyethylene dielectric
Pr = |ref coeff|^2 Pi
Pt = Pi - Pr
k (velocity factor) = c/sqrt(er) // v/c //
1/sqrt(er)
v of propagation = 1/sqrt(LC)

Zl =Zo

lossy line: Smax – Smin = wavelength/4

Zo = sqrt(R + jwL / G + jwC) Smax-Smin = 180/(2(360/wavelength))
lossless line:
Zo = sqrt(L/C)

propagation constant y
y = sqrt((R+jwL)(G+jwC)) = a +jB