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Islamia College, Peshawar

Biographies: Quaid-e-Azam, Charles Darwin, Albert Einstein, Martha Graham,

Thomas Stearns Eliot, Igor Stravinsky, Sigmund Freud and Pablo Picasso

Submitted to Mr. Sharif Ullah

Submitted by Mustafa Khan
Roll Number 200544
Department Political Science
Section A
Semester First
Date of Submission 26th December 2020
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QUAID-E-AZAM:
Muhammad Ali Jinnah was a barrister, politician and the founder of Pakistan. Jinnah served as
the leader of the All-India Muslim League from 1913 until Pakistan’s independence on 14
August 1947, and then as Pakistan’s first Governor-General until his death. He is revered in
Pakistan as Quaid-i-Azam and Baba-i-Qaum.
Born: December 25, 1876, Karachi.
Died : September 11, 1948, Karachi.
Resting place : Mazar-e-Quaid.
Other Political Affiliations : Indian National Congress (1906–1920); All-India Muslim League
(1913–1947).
Prime Minister : Liaquat Ali Khan.
Profession: Barrister; Politician.
Spouse : Rattanbai Jinnah (m. 1918–1929), Emibai Jinnah (m. 1892–1893).

CHARLES DARWIN:
Charles Robert Darwin FRS FRGS FLS FZS was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist,
best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. His proposition that all species of
life have descended over time from common ancestors is now widely accepted, and considered a
foundational concept in science.
Born: February 12, 1809, The Mount House, Shrewsbury, United Kingdom.
Died: April 19, 1882, Home of Charles Darwin – Down House, Downe, United Kingdom.
Awards : Copley Medal, Fellow of the Royal Society, Wollaston Medal, Royal Medal.
Children :Francis Darwin, Anne Darwin, George Darwin, Charles Waring Darwin.
ALBERT EINSTEIN :
Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity,
one of the two pillars of modern physics. His work is also known for its influence on the
philosophy of science.
Born: March 14, 1879, Ulm, Germany.
Died: April 18, 1955, Penn Medicine Princeton Medical Center, New Jersey, United States.
Spouse : Elsa Einstein (m. 1919–1936), Mileva Marić (m. 1903–1919).
Education : University of Zurich (1905), ETH Zürich (1896–1900).
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Children : Eduard Einstein, Hans Albert Einstein, Lieserl Einstein.

MARTHA GRAHAM :
Martha Graham was an American modern dancer and choreographer. Her style, the Graham
technique, reshaped American dance and is still taught worldwide. Graham danced and taught
for over seventy years.
Born: May 11, 1894, Allegheny.
Died: April 1, 1991, New York, New York, United States.
Movement: Modern dance.
Spouse : Erick Hawkins (m. 1948–1954).
Awards : National Medal of Arts, Presidential Medal of Freedom, Kennedy Center Honors.
Education : Denishawn school (1916–1923), Santa Barbara High School.
THOMAS STEARNS ELIOT:
Thomas Stearns Eliot OM was an American-born British poet, essayist, publisher, playwright,
literary critic and editor. Considered one of the 20th century’s major poets, he is a central figure
in English-language Modernist poetry.
Born: September 26, 1888, St. Louis, Missouri, United States.
Died: January 4, 1965, Kensington.
Literally movement: Modernism.
Influenced by: William Butler Yeats, William Shakespeare, Ezra Pound, John Donne.
Spouse: Valerie Eliot (m. 1957–1965), Vivienne Haigh-Wood Eliot (m. 1915–1947).
IGOR STRAVINSKY:
Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky ComSE was a Russian-born composer, pianist, and conductor. He
is widely considered one of the most important and influential composers of the 20th century.
Stravinsky’s compositional career was notable for its stylistic diversity.
Born: June 17, 1882, Lomonosov, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Died: April 6, 1971, JW Marriott Essex House New York, New York, United States.
Spouse: Vera de Bosset (m. 1940–1971).
Genre: Opera, Classical music, Symphony, Chamber music, 20th-century classical music.
Nationality: American, French, Russian.
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SIGMUND FREUD:
Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method
for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst. Freud was
born to Galician Jewish parents in the Moravian town of Freiberg, in the Austrian Empire.
Born: May 6, 1856, Příbor, Czechia.
Died: September 23, 1939, Hampstead, London, United Kingdom.
Spouse: Martha Bernays (m. 1886–1939).
Education: University of Vienna (1873–1881).
Children: Anna Freud, Jean-Martin Freud, Ernst L. Freud, Mathilde Freud, Oliver Freud.
Awards: Goethe Prize.
PABLO PICASSO:
Pablo Ruiz Picasso was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist and theatre designer
who spent most of his adult life in France.
Born: October 25, 1881, Málaga, Spain.
Died: April 8, 1973, Mougins, France.
Movement: Cubism, Surrealism.
Awards: Lenin Peace Prize.
Children: Paloma Picasso, Paulo Picasso, Maya Widmaier-Picasso.
Spouse: Jacqueline Roque (m. 1961–1973), Olga Khokhlova (m. 1918–1955).