Assignment- Data Analysis

Submitted By: Abdullah Afzal (L-21305)

Submitted To: Ma’am Humaira Hamid

Department of Management sciences

National of Modern Languages

Question: Interpret the given graphs, charts and
tables according to APA format.

Fig 1

Table 1
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
1 55 55.6 55.6 55.6
Valid 2 44 44.4 44.4 100.0

Total 99 100.0 100.0

Interpretation Fig 1 & Table

1

1: Male 2: Female

Data of Gender of a group of total number i.e. 99 is given.

Frequency column indicates occurrence of Gender type 1 is 55 whereas type 2 is 44

Percent, Valid Percent and cumulative percent indicate out of total, 55.6% belongs to Gender
Type 1 and 44.4% belongs to Type 2 gender.

Cumulative percentage increases downward by adding values down the column.

Fig 2

Table 2
Marital Status
Frequenc Percent Valid
Cumulative
y Percent
Percent

1 22 22.2 22.2 22.2

2 72 72.7 72.7 94.9
3 2 2.0 2.0 97.0
Valid
4 1 1.0 1.0 98.0

5 2 2.0 2.0 100.0

Total 99 100.0 100.0

Interpretation

Data of marital status is given.

Frequency column indicates occurrence of marital status of each type from 1 to 5 i.e. 22, 72, 2,1
and 2, Type 2 marital status induvial are highest whereas type 4 lowest.

Percent and Valid Percent describe that out of total, 22.2% belongs to Marital Status Type 1 and
72.7% belongs to Marital Status Type 2.

Cumulative percentage increases downward by adding values down the column.

Fig 3

Interpretation

Mean is the average of the data set. i.e. 1.88 in above table
Std. Deviation describes the deviation or variation of data from its mean value. Low value
indicates less deviation and vice versa. In above table Std. deviation of marital status is 0.674
which means there is high tendency of variation of data from its means value found in the data
set.

Fig 4

Interpretation
Mean is the average of the data set. i.e. 36.59 in above table
Std. Deviation describes the deviation or variation of data from its mean value. Low value
indicates less deviation and vice versa. In above table Std. deviation of Age is 8.939 which
means there is tendency of deviation from up and down side up to the value of 8.939 from its
mean value.

Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion

Table 3
Statistics

Gender Marital Status Age

Valid
99 99 99
N
Missing 0 0 0
Mean 1.44 1.88 36.59
Median 1.00 2.00 36.00
Mode 1 2 38
Std. Deviation .499 .674 8.939
Range 1 4 35
Minimum 1 1 23
Maximum 2 5 58

Interpretation

Mean indicates average of data set. The average age of participant is 36.59
Median means middle value the data set which is 36 for Age Data set.
Mode means most repetitive value of the data set which is 38 for Age Data set.
Std. Deviation tells the dispersion from mean value in a data set which is 8.939 for Age Data set.
Range indicates the difference of largest and smallest number which is 35 for Age Data set.
Maximum is the largest value of data set is 58.
Minimum is the smallest value of data set is 23.
Table 4
Correlation between Variables

Civ WE FMot ETI

Pearson Correlation 1
Sig. (2-tailed)
Civ
N 99

Pearson Correlation . 1
45
Sig. (2-tailed)
8** .
WE 00
 0
N 99 99

Pearson Correlation . . 1
28 24
Sig. (2-tailed)
6** . 6* .
00 01
FMot 4 4
N 99 99 99

Pearson Correlation .003 -.240* . -.0 1

017 64
Sig. (2-tailed) .974
.
52
ETI 6
N 99 99 99 99

Interpretation

 Pearson Correlation between Civ & Civ is 1, its means high positive correlation.
 Pearson Correlation between WE & Civ is 0.458, its means moderate positive correlation.
 Pearson Correlation between FMot & Civ is 0.286, its means low positive correlation.
 Pearson Correlation between FMot & WE is 0.246, its means low positive correlation.
 Pearson Correlation between ETI & Civ is 0.003, its means very low positive correlation.
 Pearson Correlation between ETI & WE is -.240, its means low negative correlation.
 Pearson Correlation between ETI & FMot is -.064, its means very low negative correlation.

Reliability Analysis

Table 5

Variable:

Reliability Statistics

Cronbach's N of Items
Alpha

.867 9
Interpretation

Cronabach Alpha vales determines the reliability of the statistical data it ranges from 0 to 1.
Lower value indicates less reliability and vice versa. Value of cronabach Alpha in above table is
0.867 which indicate high reliability of the values.

Table 6 Variable:

Reliability Statistics

Cronbach's N of Items
Alpha
 .863 3
Interpretation

Cronabach Alpha vales determines the reliability of the statistical data it ranges from 0 to 1.
Lower value indicates less reliability and vice versa. Value of cronabach Alpha in above table is
0.863 which indicate high reliability of the values.

Table 7
Convergent & Discriminant Validity

Correlations

CIV1 CIV2 CIV3 CIV4 ETI1 ETI2 ETI3

CIV1 Pearson Correlation 1 .794 .710 .718 -.003 -.027 -.062

CIV2 Pearson Correlation .794 1 .675 .652 -.044 -.010 -.072

CIV3 Pearson Correlation .710 .675 1 .756 .025 .065 -.016
CIV4 Pearson Correlation .718 .652 .756 1 .068 .050 .054
ETI1 Pearson Correlation -.003 -.044 .025 .068 1 .684 .632
ETI2 Pearson Correlation -.027 -.010 .065 .050 .684 1 .755
ETI3 Pearson Correlation -.062 -.072 -.016 .054 .632 .755 1
Interpretation

Convergent validity means when correlation of two or more variable remain similar it indicates
that variables originate from same construct as highlighted in above table, red values(given
below also) show convergent validity as these are similar in pattern.

CIV1 CIV2 CIV3 CIV4

CIV1 Pearson 1 .794 .710 .718
Correlation
CIV2 Pearson .794 1 .675 .652
Correlation
 CIV3 Pearson .710 .675 1 .756
Correlation
CIV4 Pearson .718 .652 .756 1
Correlation
ETI1 Pearson Correlation 1 .684 .632
ETI2 Pearson Correlation .684 1 .755
ETI3 Pearson Correlation .632 .755 1

Discriminant validity means when correlation of two or more variable differ from each other. It
indicates that variables originate from different construct as highlighted in above table, yellow
values (Given below also) show discriminant validity.

ETI1 ETI2 ETI3

CIV1 Pearson Correlation -.003 -.027 -.062

CIV2 Pearson Correlation -.044 -.010 -.072

CIV3 Pearson Correlation .025 .065 -.016

CIV4 Pearson Correlation .068 .050 .054

ETI1 Pearson Correlation -.003 -.044 .025 .068

ETI2 Pearson Correlation -.027 -.010 .065 .050
ETI3 Pearson Correlation -.062 -.072 -.016 .054