Review Exercises 35

1 Review Exercises See www.CalcChat.com for worked-out solutions to odd-numbered exercises.

Linear Equations In Exercises 1–6, determine whether Row-Echelon Form In Exercises 25–28, determine
the equation is linear in the variables x and y. whether the matrix is in row-echelon form. If it is,
1. 2x ⫺ y 2 ⫽ 4 2. 2xy ⫺ 6y ⫽ 0 determine whether it is also in reduced row-echelon
form.
3. 共sin␲兲x ⫹ y ⫽ 2 4. e⫺2x ⫹ 5y ⫽ 8
⫺3

冤 冥 冤 冥
1 0 1 1 1 2 0
2 x y
5. ⫹ 4y ⫽ 3 6. ⫺ ⫽0 25. 0 1 2 1 26. 0 0 0 1
x 2 4
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Parametric Representation In Exercises 7 and 8, find ⫺1

冤 冥 冤 冥
2 1 0 1 0 0
a parametric representation of the solution set of the
27. 0 1 0 28. 0 0 1 2
linear equation.
0 0 1 0 0 0 0
7. ⫺4x ⫹ 2y ⫺ 6z ⫽ 1 8. 3x 1 ⫹ 2x 2 ⫺ 4x 3 ⫽ 0
System of Linear Equations In Exercises 29–38,
System of Linear Equations In Exercises 9–20, solve
solve the system using either Gaussian elimination with
the system of linear equations.
back-substitution or Gauss-Jordan elimination.
9. x ⫹ y ⫽ 2 10. x ⫹ y ⫽ ⫺1
29. ⫺x ⫹ y ⫹ 2z ⫽ 1
3x ⫺ y ⫽ 0 3x ⫹ 2y ⫽ 0
2x ⫹ 3y ⫹ z ⫽ ⫺2
11. 3y ⫽ 2x 12. x⫽y⫹ 3 5x ⫹ 4y ⫹ 2z ⫽ 4
y⫽ x⫹4 4x ⫽ y ⫹ 10
30. 2x ⫹ 3y ⫹ z ⫽ 10
13. y ⫹ x ⫽ 0 14. y ⫽ ⫺4x 2x ⫺ 3y ⫺ 3z ⫽ 22
2x ⫹ y ⫽ 0 y⫽ x 4x ⫺ 2y ⫹ 3z ⫽ ⫺2
15. x ⫺ y ⫽ 9 16. 40x 1 ⫹ 30x 2 ⫽ 24 31. 2x ⫹ 3y ⫹ 3z ⫽ 3
⫺x ⫹ y ⫽ 1 20x 1 ⫹ 15x 2 ⫽ ⫺14 6x ⫹ 6y ⫹ 12z ⫽ 13
17. 12 x ⫺ 13y ⫽ 0 18. 1 4
3x ⫹ 7y ⫽ 3 12x ⫹ 9y ⫺ z ⫽ 2
3x ⫹ 2共 y ⫹ 5兲 ⫽ 10 2x ⫹ 3y ⫽ 15 32. 2x ⫹ y ⫹ 2z ⫽ 4
19. 0.2x 1 ⫹ 0.3x 2 ⫽ 0.14 2x ⫹ 2y ⫽5
0.4x 1 ⫹ 0.5x 2 ⫽ 0.20 2x ⫺ y ⫹ 6z ⫽ 2
20. 0.2x ⫺ 0.1y ⫽ 0.07 33. x ⫺ 2y ⫹ z ⫽ ⫺6
0.4x ⫺ 0.5y ⫽ ⫺0.01 2x ⫺ 3y ⫽ ⫺7
⫺x ⫹ 3y ⫺ 3z ⫽ 11
Matrix Size In Exercises 21 and 22, determine the size
of the matrix. 34. 2x ⫹ 6z ⫽ ⫺9
3x ⫺ 2y ⫹ 11z ⫽ ⫺16
⫺1
21. 冤20 3
5 1 冥 3x ⫺ y ⫹ 7z ⫽ ⫺11
35. x ⫹ 2y ⫹ 6z ⫽ 1

冤 冥
2 1
2x ⫹ 5y ⫹ 15z ⫽ 4
22. ⫺4 ⫺1
3x ⫹ y ⫹ 3z ⫽ ⫺6
0 5
36. 2x 1 ⫹ 5x 2 ⫺ 19x 3 ⫽ 34
Augmented Matrix In Exercises 23 and 24, find the 3x 1 ⫹ 8x 2 ⫺ 31x 3 ⫽ 54
solution set of the system of linear equations represented 37. 2x 1 ⫹ x 2 ⫹ x 3 ⫹ 2x 4 ⫽ ⫺1
by the augmented matrix. 5x 1 ⫺ 2x 2 ⫹ x 3 ⫺ 3x 4 ⫽ 0

冤 冥
1 2 0 0 ⫺x 1 ⫹ 3x 2 ⫹ 2x 3 ⫹ 2x 4 ⫽ 1
23. 0 0 1 0 3x 1 ⫹ 2x 2 ⫹ 3x 3 ⫺ 5x 4 ⫽ 12
0 0 0 0 38. x 1 ⫹ 5x 2 ⫹ 3x 3 ⫽ 14
4x 2 ⫹ 2x 3 ⫹ 5x 4 ⫽ 3

冤 冥
1 2 3 0
24. 0 0 0 1 3x 3 ⫹ 8x 4 ⫹ 6x 5 ⫽ 16
0 0 0 0 2x 1 ⫹ 4x 2 ⫺ 2x 5 ⫽ 0
2x 1 ⫺ x3 ⫽ 0
36 Chapter 1 Systems of Linear Equations

System of Linear Equations In Exercises 39–42, use 51. Writing Describe a method for showing that two
a software program or a graphing utility to solve the matrices are row-equivalent. Are the two matrices
system of linear equations. below row-equivalent?
39. 3x ⫹ 3y ⫹ 12z ⫽ 6

冤 冥 冤 冥
1 1 2 1 2 3
x ⫹ y ⫹ 4z ⫽ 2 0 ⫺1 2 and 4 3 6
2x ⫹ 5y ⫹ 20z ⫽ 10
3 1 2 5 5 10
⫺x ⫹ 2y ⫹ 8z ⫽ 4
40. 2x ⫹ 10y ⫹ 2z ⫽ 6 52. Writing Describe all possible 2 ⫻ 3 reduced row-
echelon matrices. Support your answer with examples.
x ⫹ 5y ⫹ 2z ⫽ 6
x ⫹ 5y ⫹ z ⫽ 3 53. Let n ⱖ 3. Find the reduced row-echelon form of the
⫺3x ⫺ 15y ⫹ 3z ⫽ ⫺9 n ⫻ n matrix.
. . .

冤 冥
41. 2x ⫹ y⫺ z⫹ 2w ⫽ ⫺6 1 2 3 n
3x ⫹ 4y ⫹ w ⫽ 1 n⫹1 n⫹2 n⫹3 . . . 2n
x ⫹ 5y ⫹ 2z ⫹ 6w ⫽ ⫺3 2n ⫹ 1 2n ⫹ 2 2n ⫹ 3 . . . 3n
. . . .
5x ⫹ 2y ⫺ z ⫺ w ⫽ 3 . . . .
. . . .
n2 ⫺ n ⫹ 1 n ⫺n⫹2 n ⫺n⫹3
2 2 . . . n2
42. x ⫹ 2y ⫹ z ⫹ 3w ⫽ 0
x⫺ y ⫹ w⫽0 54. Find all values of ␭ for which the homogeneous system
5y ⫺ z ⫹ 2w ⫽ 0 of linear equations has nontrivial solutions.
Homogeneous System In Exercises 43–46, solve the 共␭ ⫹ 2兲x 1 ⫺ 2x 2 ⫹ 3x 3 ⫽ 0
homogeneous system of linear equations. ⫺2x 1 ⫹ 共␭ ⫺ 1兲x 2 ⫹ 6x 3 ⫽ 0
43. x 1 ⫺ 2x 2 ⫺ 8x 3 ⫽ 0 x1 ⫹ 2x 2 ⫹ ␭x 3 ⫽ 0
3x 1 ⫹ 2x 2 ⫽0
True or False? In Exercises 55 and 56, determine
44. 2x 1 ⫹ 4x 2 ⫺ 7x 3 ⫽ 0 whether each statement is true or false. If a statement is
x 1 ⫺ 3x 2 ⫹ 9x 3 ⫽ 0 true, give a reason or cite an appropriate statement from
45. 2x 1 ⫺ 8x 2 ⫹ 4x 3 ⫽ 0 the text. If a statement is false, provide an example that
3x 1 ⫺ 10x 2 ⫹ 7x 3 ⫽ 0 shows the statement is not true in all cases or cite an
10x 2 ⫹ 5x 3 ⫽ 0 appropriate statement from the text.
46. x 1 ⫹ 3x 2 ⫹ 5x 3 ⫽ 0 55. (a) There is only one way to parametrically represent
1
x 1 ⫹ 4x 2 ⫹ 2 x 3 ⫽ 0 the solution set of a linear equation.
(b) A consistent system of linear equations can have
47. Determine the values of k such that the system of linear infinitely many solutions.
equations is inconsistent. 56. (a) A homogeneous system of linear equations must
kx ⫹ y ⫽ 0 have at least one solution.
x ⫹ ky ⫽ 1 (b) A system of linear equations with fewer equations
48. Determine the values of k such that the system of linear than variables always has at least one solution.
equations has exactly one solution.
57. Sports In Super Bowl I, on January 15, 1967, the
x ⫺ y ⫹ 2z ⫽ 0
Green Bay Packers defeated the Kansas City Chiefs by
⫺x ⫹ y ⫺ z ⫽ 0
a score of 35 to 10. The total points scored came from a
x ⫹ ky ⫹ z ⫽ 0 combination of touchdowns, extra-point kicks, and
49. Find values of a and b such that the system of linear field goals, worth 6, 1, and 3 points, respectively.
equations has (a) no solution, (b) exactly one solution, The numbers of touchdowns and extra-point kicks
and (c) infinitely many solutions. were equal. There were six times as many touchdowns
x ⫹ 2y ⫽ 3 as field goals. Find the numbers of touchdowns,
ax ⫹ by ⫽ ⫺9 extra-point kicks, and field goals scored. (Source:
50. Find (if possible) values of a, b, and c such that the system National Football League)
of linear equations has (a) no solution, (b) exactly one
solution, and (c) infinitely many solutions.
2x ⫺ y ⫹ z ⫽ a
x ⫹ y ⫹ 2z ⫽ b
3y ⫹ 3z ⫽ c