Grammar note

THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD

I. Present Subjunctive: Vo
1. “It is/ was + adj + that + S + V0”: cấu trúc này được dùng với các tính từ mang nghĩa “quan trọng, cần thiết, bắt
buộc, yêu cầu”

+ that + S + __________________ (active)

It is/ was
S + __________________ (passive)

2. “S + V + that + S + V0”: cấu trúc này được dùng với các động từ mang nghĩa “yêu cầu, đề nghị, ra lệnh, đòi hỏi”

+ that + S + __________________ (active)

S + __________________ (passive)

II. Past Subjunctive:

1. “ It’s time ” : đến lúc ai đó phải làm gì

It’s (about/ high) time +S + __________________

for + O + __________________

2. “would rather” : muốn

Would rather +S + __________________
+ __________________
3. as if/ as though: như thể

TYPES FORMS
1. Unreal in the Present S + V (present) + as if + S + __________
2. Unreal in the Past S + V (past) + as if + S _____________
4. wish / if only : ước, giá mà
TYPES FORMS
1. Future wish S + WISH + S would / could + Vo
2. Present Wish S + WISH + S + _______________ (past subjunctive)
3. Past wish S + WISH + S + _____________________

Ex1:
1. I ______watch the football game than basketball game
A. like B. would rather C. prefer D. would like
2. Jane would rather that it ______ winter now.
A. were B. be C. is D. had been
3. Would you rather ______ in ink or in pencil?
A. write B. writing C. to write D. wrote
4. I would rather that you ______ me tomorrow.
A. call B. to call C. calling D. would call
5. Henry would rather that his girlfriend ______in the same department as he does.
A. work B. to work C. working D. worked
6. It’s time you _________the house.

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Grammar note
A. paint B. painted C. painting D. paints
7. Bob would rather that Jill ______ to class yesterday.
A. go B. went C. had gone D. have gone
8. It’s time we all ______ now.
A. had gone B. go C. should go D. went
9. John would rather ________ than work .
A. slept B. was sleeping C. sleep D. had slept
10. It’s time __________a car.
A. go B. buy C. to buy D. buying
Ex 2:
1. I requested that he ______ the work on time.
A.finishes B. will finish C. finish D. finished
2. It is necessary that she ______ the club.
Ajoin B. joins C. would join D. has joined
3. The doctor suggested that the patient ______ smoking.
A.stop B. should stop C. would stop D. both A and B are correct
4. It is important that you ______ on time.
A.comes B. coming C. having come D. come
5. It is necessary that she ______ the housework.
A.do B. would do C. doing D. done
6. They requested that I ______ early.
A.leave B. should leave C. left D. A or B
7. It is our wish that he______ what he please.
A.is doing B. does C. do D. should have done
8. I propose that the minutes of the previous meeting______ read.
A.to be B. be C. being D. should have been
9. The court ordered that the man ______ released.
A.be B. was C. is D. has been
10. It is essential that he ______ the bike.
A.to repair B. should repair C. would repair D. had better repair
Ex 3:
1. Yesterday, John told me that he wishes he ________ harder in high school because then university might not be so
difficult for him.
A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. studies
2. If only my motorbike_________ broken down again, I would have arrived on time
A. would B. hadn’t C. didn’t D. wasn’t
3. I wish I _________ in prison, but I am 
A. wasn't B. am not C. weren't D. were
4. It’s a pity that you didn’t tell us about this.
A. I wish you told us about this. B. I wish you would tell us about this.
C. I wish you had told us about this. D. I wish you have told us about this.
5. She wishes she _________ blue eyes. 
A. has B. had C. had had D. would have
6. Tom looked tired as though he __________very hard.
A. has worked B. worked C. work D. had worked
7. Henry talks with his dog as if it _________him.
A. understand B. understood C. understanding D. had understood.
8. She sings as if she ________ a singer.
A. were B. is C. had been D. has been
9. I feel as if my head ________fire now.
A. were B. is C. had been D. has been
10. Mary dresses as if she _______ a queen.
A. is B. be C. were D. had been

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Grammar note
INVERSION

1. Đảo ngữ với từ phủ định No (sooner) + V + S

Not (only, until) (do/ does/ did)
_________ (before)
__________________
__________________

2. Đảo ngữ với thì quá khứ No sooner ________

hoàn thành Hardly __________________ when + S + V2/ed
Barely
Scarcely

3. Đảo ngữ với mệnh đề If If1: _______________ + S + _______ , S + will + V0

If2: _______________ + S + _______, S + would + V0
If3: _______________ + S + ________ , S + would have + V3/ed

4. Đảo ngữ với not until, Not until + TIME + __________________

only when… Only when (S+V)
Only after

5. Đảo ngữ với so…that, * __________________ + V + S + that + S + V (so)

such … that * __________________ + N + that + S + V (such)

6. Một số cấu trúc khác

(preposition)

INVERSION
1. Never ______ me again.
A. will she love B. she loves C. she won’t love D. she will love
2. Not only ______ but she is also intelligent .
A. she is beautiful B. beautiful she is C. is she beautiful D. beautiful is she
3. No sooner _______ out than it rained.
A. did I go B. I went C. had I gone D. I had gone
4. Seldom ______ the guitar.
A. he plays B. does he play C. he doesn’t play D. he does play
5. Hardly _____ a word when her son came back.
A. couldn’t she say B. she could say C. she couldn’t say D. could she say
6. Only at weekend _____ my kids to Water Park.
A. I don’t take B. do I take C. I take D. I do take
7. So old _____ that she couldn’t dance.
A. she wasn’t B. she was C. wasn’t she D. was she
8. ______ here yesterday, you would have met me.
A. were you B. you were C. had you been D. you had been
9. Nowhere ______ such cooperative staff.
A. you can find B. you found C. you could find D. can you find
10. Never before ______ in an earnest attempt to resolve their differences.
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Grammar note
A. have the leaders of these two countries met B. the leaders of these two countries have meet
C. have the leaders of these two countries meet D. met the leaders of these two countries
11. Not only the child, but also the grandparents _______.
A. is joining B. joins C. were joining D. has joined
12. Seldom ______ a newspaper.
A. buy Anna B. does Anna buy C. bought Anna D. Anna does buy
13. Not only _____ at the post office, ______ at the grocery store.
A. does Mary work / but she also works B. works Mary / but she also works
C. does Mary work / but does she also work D. works Mary / but does she also work
14. No sooner _____ the house than the phone started to ring.
A. had she entered B. she had entered C. entered she D. had entered she
15. Only after they send you an application ________.
A. can you apply B. you can apply C. do you apply D. did you apply
16. At no time ______ greater opportunities.
A. did women had B. has women had C. does women have D. have women had
17. Not once ______ into her eyes.
A. he looked B. does he looked C. did he look D. looked he
18. On no account ______in the office be used for personal materials.
A. the photocopy machines B. should the photocopy machines
C. the photocopy machines should D. does the photocopy machines
19. Rarely _______ permission to return to homes contaminated during a toxic waste accident.
A. is people given B. do people given C. people given D. are people given
20. Only on rare occasions _______ to the theater.
A. do they go B. they went C. go they D. went they
21. Only once a day ______ home.
A. does Mary leave B. left Mary C. Mary leaves D. will Mary left
22. _______ an emergency arise, call 911.
A. Can B. Does C. Should D. Will
23. Little ______ what is in store for him.
A. he knows B. does he know C. knows he D. knew he
24. _______ the reservoir, the ancient village couldn’t have been discovered.
A. Had the drought not lowered B. If had the drought not lowered
C. The drought had not lowered D. Not had the drought lowered
25. Only once ______ late to school.
A. he came B. did he came C. came he D. did he come
26. Such ______ that he would stop at nothing.
A. his ambition was B. did his ambition C. does his ambition D. was his ambition
27. Scarcely _______ the expense of new equipment ______ problem.
A. should / considered B. did / be considered
C. should / be considered D. was /be considered
28. ______ had the restaurant opened ______ people were flocking to eat there.
A. hardly / than B. no sooner / that C. no sooner / than D. hardly / that

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Grammar note
29. __________ lost in the market, the staff of the shop will help him.
A Were the boy to get B. The little boy gets C. Should the little boy get D. The little boy should
30. Not until the thief left the house, _________him although they were at home.
A. they noticed B. they didn’t notice C. didn’t they notice D. did they notice
INVERSION
Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words so that it means the same as above.
1. He spent all his money. He even borrowed some from me.
 Not only_______________________________________________________
2. He had hardly left the office when the telephone rang.
 No sooner _____________________________________________________
3. I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back.
 Hardly _______________________________________________________
4. He didn’t finish his work until the bell rang.
 Not until ______________________________________________________
5. We only began to see the symptoms of the disease after several months.
 Only _________________________________________________________
6. I have never seen anyone in my life drink as much as you.
 Never ________________________________________________________
7. A sleeping dog was lying under the table.
 Under the table _________________________________________________
8. His brother had rarely been more excited.
 Rarely_________________________________________________________
9. The facts were not all made public until later.
 Only__________________________________________________________
10. If I had realized what would happen, I wouldn’t have accepted the job.
 Had___________________________________________________________
11. The response to our appeal was so great that we has to take on more staff.
 Such__________________________________________________________
12. Harry broke his leg, and also injured his shoulder.
Not only ______________________________________________________
13. The police didn’t at all suspect that the judge was the murderer.
 Little _________________________________________________________
14. If you do happen to see Helen, could you ask her to call me?
Should________________________________________________________
15. The bus driver can not be blamed for the accident in any way.
 In ___________________________________________________________
16. The snowfall was so heavy that all the trains had to be cancelled.
 So ___________________________________________________________
17. If the government raised interest rates. They would lose the election.
Were__________________________________________________________
18. As soon as I got into the bath, someone knocked at the door.
 No sooner _____________________________________________________
19. There was so much uncertainty that the financial markets remained closed.
Such__________________________________________________________
20. It’s not common for there to be so much rain in March.
Seldom________________________________________________________
21. You won’t allowed in until your identify has been checked.
 Only__________________________________________________________
22. Just after the play started there was a power failure.
 Hardly________________________________________________________

PRACTICE TEST 01
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Grammar note
1. Antique shops exert a(n) _____ fascination on a great many people.
A. peculiar B. especial C. hysterical D. unconscious
2. Recognizing who the customer was, the manager was most apologetic and _____ the assistant severely.
A. disregarded B. grudged C. reprimanded D. complained
3. I had _____ finding my way around New York when I first arrived.
A. quite time B. a quite time C. a time quite D. quite a time
4. _____ you mention it, I do remember the accident.
A. If only B. Now that C. No matter D. So that
5. You’re quite right, of course, but ____ you needn’t have been so rude about it.
A. at once time B. from time to time C. at the same time D. at times
6. ______ had the restaurant opened ____ people were flocking to eat there.
A. Hardly …than B. No sooner…when C. No sooner … than D. Hardly …. that
7. I recommend that the student ____ his composition as soon as possible.
A. finishes writing B. should finish the writing C. finish writing D. finished writing
8. Part- time workers at the company are the first_________.
A. that is laid off B. who lay off C. being laid off D. to be laid off
9. His pale face suggested that he _________ not well.
A. should be B. be C. were D. was
10. ______ at the party, we saw Ruth standing alone.
A. Arriving B. We arrived C. Arrived D. We were arriving
11. After her illness, Lam had to work hard to _______ his classmates.
A. catch sight of B. keep pace with C. get in touch with D. make allowance for
12. Some kinds of birds are on the _______of extinction.
A. brink B. tip C. side D. edge
13. _______of popular expressions in our language have interesting backgrounds.
A. A large number B. The large number C. A great deal D. A sum
14. I suggest we ___________ outside the cinema tomorrow at 8:30.
A. meet B. meeting C. met D. will meet
15. The move to a different environment had brought about a significant ___________ in Mary’s state of mind.
A. impact B. effect C. influence D. change
16. Half of the children were away from school last week because of______of influenza.
A. a breakthrough B. a break- out C. an outbreak D. an outburst
17. All______is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.
A. for our needs B. that is needed C. what is needed D. the thing needed
18. Please cut my hair _____the style in this magazine.
A. the same long as B. the same long like C. the same length like D. the same length as
19. So little______about mathematics that the lecture was completely beyond me.
A. did I know B. I knew C. do I know D. I have known
20. I had a red pen but I seem to have lost it; I think I’d better buy _________ one.
A. other B. the other C. another D. the
21. It is important that every student …………..attentive in class.
A. is B. was C. be D. were
22. …………the time being, I think you’d better not say anything to him.
A. For B. At C. On D. In
23. ………..of half- starving wolves were roaming the snow- covered countryside.
Flocks B. Packs C. Swarms D. Herds
24. None of the people …………..to the party can come.
A. invite B. invited C. inviting D. to invite
25. She has just bought ……………….
A. an old interesting painting French B. a French interesting old painting
C. a French old interesting painting D. an interesting old French painting
26. Peter agreed reluctantly to sign the form but looked extremely ill at ______________.
A. agreement B. ease C. heart D. soul
27. Kate spent the morning __________ along the sea-front.
A. hiking B. rambling C. strolling D. crawling
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Grammar note
28. We decided to celebrate by going out and painting the town ___________.
A. red B. purple C. gold D. brown
29. The bus stopped at the traffic lights with a ___________ of the brakes.
A. screech B. howl C. crash D. grind
30. The saucepans fell onto the floor with a great _____________.
A. clatter B. rattle C. crunch D. squeak
*Word form
STRIKE SIGNIFY ABLE FORTUNE ACT ART
ELUDE ACHIEVE CONCLUDE LIVE
The mysteries of the skies
Three hundred and fifty years before the first men looked down on the amazingly beautiful surface of the moon
from close quarters, Galileo’s newly built telescope (1) _______ ___ him to look at the edge of the hitherto mysterious
sphere. He saw that the apparently (2) __________ surface was not divinely smooth and round, but bumpy and
imperfect. He realized that although the moon might appear (3) ________, resembling a still life painted by the hand of a
cosmic (4) __________, it was a real world, perhaps not very different from our own. This amounted to a great (5)
_________ hardly to be expected in his day and age, although nowadays his (6) ________ may appear to some to be
trivial and (7) ___________.
Not long after Galileo lunar’s observations, the skies which had previously been so (8) ___________ revealed more of
their extraordinary mysteries. Casting around for further wonders, Galileo focused his lens on the (9) __________ planet
of Jupiter. Nestling next to it, he saw four little points of light circling the distant planet. Our moon it appeared, perhaps
(10) __________ in the eyes of those fearful of what the discovery might mean, was not alone!

*Open Cloze Test

Passage 1
BICYCLE SAFETY
Having to obey rules and regulations when riding a bike is (0) __one__ of the first experiences children have of the idea
of obeying the law. However, a large number of children (1) ____________ left to learn the rules by trial and (2)
___________, instead of being guided by experienced (3) ____________. Every year, hundreds of children visit the
doctor or the hospital casualty department (4) ___________ crashing on their bikes. This could be easily prevented by
(5) ____________ them the basics of bicycle safety. Ideally, children should be allowed to (6) ______ _____ only in safe
places, such as parks and cycle tracks. When this is not possible, and they are permitted to go on the (7) ______ _____, it
is important to teach them (8) ___________ basic safety principles.
First, they ought to learn and obey the rules of the road, which (9) _______ _____ traffic signs, signals and road
markings. Second, they should (10) ____________ wear a helmet. Studies have shown that wearing bicycle helmets can
(11) ___________ head injuries by up to 85 per cent. In many places, (12) ___________ are required by law,
particularly (13) ____________ children. Finally, children should be made to understand (14) ____________ importance
of riding in areas that are brightly lit and of wearing clothes that make (15) ____________ clearly visible on the road.

Passage 2
The computer has brought nothing (1)___________problems to the world of the twentieth century.
Chief among the problems has (2)_________the dehumanization of society. People are no (3)________ human.
Each of us is a series of numbers, numbers to be fed into computers. There are our credit card numbers, our bank
account (4)____________ , our social security numbers, our telephone and electricity numbers - the computer number
game is endless.
What happens to these computerized numbers ? They are distributed to a network of government agencies and
business (5)______________can use them to invade our privacy. The Internal Revenue Service stores millions of facts
about every citizen. Credit agencies exchange (6)__________ on the spending and saving practices of nearly every
American adult. Mailing lists are (7)__________ available by computers to dozens of organizations, public and private,
who bombard us with unwanted mail.
Just let the computer which stores (8)___________ concerning our accounts, let us say with a credit card company,
make an error and it is almost impossible to correct it. The result is an avalanche of bills, threads, and loss of credit
standing.
The computer has thrown thousands of people out of (9)___________ . The gamut of computer- generated
unemployed runs from highly skilled technicians to typists.

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Grammar note
These are some of the reasons why I feel that the (10)______________ of the computer has been detrimental to
the quality of our life in the twentieth century.

* Transformation
PART 1
1. The alarm went off just as they came out of the building.
Scarcely ……………………………………………………………………………..
2. I told Simon to stop talking, but he didn’t.
Simon kept ………………………………………………………………………….
3. To be sure of catching the bus, they got to the bus station very early.
To avoid …………………………………………………………………………….
4. Good working relations depend on effective management.
The more ……………………………………………………………………………
5. You ran the risk of being burgled when you left the door unlocked.
Your house could …………………………………………………………………...
PART 2:
1. After six-year relationship, Martha and Billy have decided to get married. (KNOT)
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. At this very moment my wife may be arriving back home. (PROBABLY)
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. Noise is something that it is not possible for me to tolerate. (PUT)
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. With this strange noise, there must be something wrong with the car. (SOUNDS)
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
5. Our luggage has been stolen! (RUN)
…………………………………………………………………………………………….

PART 3:
1. I was very shocked when I knew that I had failed that important test.
It came _______________________________________________________________ .
2. The third time he asked her to marry him, she accepted.
Only on ________________________________________________________________ .
3. As he grew older, he became more and more forgetful.
The____________________________________________________________________ .
4. It was wrong of you to allow a 4- year-old child to walk home alone.
You should______________________________________________________________.
5. She thought it was too difficult for her to finish the job by lunchtime.
She found_______________________________________________________________ .
6. They thought that the thief was still in the house.
The thief________________________________________________________________ .
7. “ Unless I receive her letter tomorrow, I’ll phone her,” said Nam
Nam said that if__________________________________________________________.
8. Nick told one of the detectives that he had taken the cashbox.
Nick admitted __________________________________________________________ .
9. While I strongly disapprove of your behaviour, I will help you this time.
Despite my _____________________________________________________________ .
10. It was essential for her to be relieved of her duties.
It was essential that _______________________________________________________.