MACROMOLECULE SUMMARY CHART

Macromolecule Monomer(s) / Types of this Functions

Subunit(s) macromolecule and (make sure they correspond
and example(s) for each type. to the type)
Name of bond between
adjacent monomers

Carbohydrates -Monosaccharides 1) Monosaccharides Energy molecules

(glucose, galactose)

2) Disaccharides Energy molecules

-Glycosidic linkage (sucrose, lactose)

(aka ether linkage)

3) Polysaccharides
Starch / Glycogen Long-term energy storage

Cellulose Structural component of

plant cell wall

Chitin component of
exoskeletons and cell
walls of fungi

Lipids 1) Fats Long-term energy storage.

- Glycerol and fatty Insulation, protection and
(triglycerides:
acids cushioning of organs.
vegetable oil, animal
fat)

-Ester linkage 2) Phospholipids Amphophilic nature allows

them to form membranes.

3) Steroids Maintains fluidity of

-Cholesterol membrane,

-Hormones cell signaling molecules

(Estrogen / (communication between
Testosterone) cells)

4) Waxes Reduce water loss

 Macromolecule Monomer(s) / Types of this Functions
Subunit(s) macromolecule and (make sure they correspond
and example(s) for each type. to the type)
Name of bond between
adjacent monomers

Proteins Amino Acids 3D SHAPE

DETERMINES FUNCTION!

Extremely diverse
1) Globular molecules. With a huge
(Enzymes and variety of different
Peptide bonds molecular machines) functions from chemical
catalysts to structural
building blocks.

Enzymes regulate nearly

all cell functions

2) Fibrous Diverse array of molecules

-Keratin often used for structure
-Fibrinogen
-Actin/Myosin
-Silk

Nucleotides
Nucleic Acids 1) DNA Genetic code/ heredity
(phosphate group,
N-containing base,
sugar) 2) RNA Protein synthesis

mRNA Copy of a genes

3’-5’
phosphodiester
bonds tRNA Delivers AAs to ribosome

rRNA Part of ribosomes

snRNA modifies mRNA in nucleus

3) ATP Cellular Energy molecule