Remarks of President Barack Obama

As Prepared for Delivery

February 26, 2011
Washington, DC

Over the last month, I’ve been traveling the country, talking to Americans about how we can out-
educate, out-innovate, and out-build the rest of the world. Doing that will require a government
that lives within its means, and cuts whatever spending we can afford to do without.  But it will
also require investing in our nation’s future – training and educating our workers; increasing our
commitment to research and technology; building new roads and bridges, high-speed rail and
high-speed internet.
 
In cities and towns throughout America, I’ve seen the benefits of these investments.  The schools
and colleges of Oregon are providing Intel – the state’s largest private employer – with a steady
stream of highly-educated workers and engineers.  At Parkville Middle School outside of
Baltimore, engineering is the most popular subject, thanks to outstanding teachers who are
inspiring students to focus on their math and science skills.
 
In Wisconsin, a company called Orion is putting hundreds of people to work manufacturing
energy-efficient lights in a once-shuttered plant.  And in the small community of Marquette, in
Michigan’s Upper Peninsula, widely accessible high-speed internet has allowed students and
entrepreneurs to connect to the global economy.  One small business, a third-generation, family-
owned clothing shop called Getz’s is now selling their products online, which has helped them
double their workforce and make them one of America’s 5,000 fastest-growing companies in a
recent listing.
 
Each of these places reminds us that investments in education, innovation, and infrastructure are
an essential down payment on our future. But they also remind us that the only way we can
afford these investments is by getting our fiscal house in order.  Just like any family, we have to
live within our means to make room for things we absolutely need.
 
That’s why I’ve called for a freeze on annual domestic spending over the next five years – a
freeze that would cut the deficit by more than $400 billion over the next decade, bringing this
kind of spending to its lowest share of our economy since Dwight Eisenhower was President.
Just to be clear, that’s lower than it was under the past three administrations, and lower than it
was under Ronald Reagan.
 
Now, putting this budget freeze in place will require tough choices. That’s why I’ve frozen
salaries for hardworking civil servants for three years, and proposed cutting programs I care
about deeply, like community action programs in low-income neighborhoods. I’m not taking
these steps lightly – but I’m taking them because our economic future demands it.
 
Still, a freeze in annual domestic spending is just a start. If we’re serious about tackling our long-
run fiscal challenges, we also need to cut excessive spending wherever we find it – in defense
spending, spending in Medicare and Medicaid, and spending through tax breaks and loopholes.
 
 I’m willing to consider any serious ideas to help us reduce the deficit – no matter what party is
proposing them. But instead of cutting the investments in education and innovation we need to
out-compete the rest of the world, we need a balanced approach to deficit reduction. We all need
to be willing to sacrifice, but we can’t sacrifice our future.
 
Next week, Congress will focus on a short-term budget. For the sake of our people and our
economy, we cannot allow gridlock to prevail. Both Democratic and Republican leaders in the
House and Senate have said they believe it’s important to keep the government running while we
work together on a plan to reduce our long-term deficit.
 
Given that, I urge and expect them to find common ground so we can accelerate, not impede,
economic growth. It won’t be easy. There will be plenty of debates and disagreements, and
neither party will get everything it wants. Both sides will have to compromise.
 
That’s what it will take to do what’s right for our country. And I look forward to working with
members of both parties to produce a responsible budget that cuts what we can’t afford, sharpens
America’s competitive edge in the world, and helps us win the future. Thanks everyone, and
have a nice weekend.
[ Old English Englisc < Engle "the Angles"]

[PRESIDENTIAL WEEKLY ADDRESS PHASE ASSESMENT A START OF] *Someone could argue that what is
happening nowadays is the Rape of the
English Language and Related Family
Branches under a view as Vicious as real
[Mid-16th century. < modern Latin [ Old English ofer < Indo-European] Rape can be*

Americanus < America]

exist or be true: used after "there" to indicate that

something exists or is true
[ Old English cunnan < Indo-
European]  There are many problems with her research

separate nation: a nation or state that is

politically independent, or a land that was
formerly independent and remains separate in
some respects

Over the last month, I’ve been traveling the country, talking to Americans about how we can
out-educate, out-innovate, and out-build the rest of the world.

[ Old English ræst (noun), ræstan (verb) <

Germanic]
[ Old English wiþinnan "on the inside" < [ Old English wyllan < Indo-European]
with + innan "from within"]
[ Old English hwæt < Indo-European]

[Pre-12th century. Partly < Latin expendere "pay"

(see expend); partly < Old French despendre
"expend" < Latin dispendere (see dispense)]

Doing that will require a government that lives within its means, and cuts whatever spending
we can afford to do without. 

[ Old English wiþ "with, against" < Indo-European, "apart"]

[14th century. Via French < Latin
futurus "going to be"]
[14th century. < Old French requ(i)er-, stem of requere <
Latin requirere "seek in return" < quaerere "seek"]

But it will also require investing in our nation’s future – training and educating our workers;
increasing our commitment to research and technology; building new roads and bridges, high-
speed rail and high-speed internet.

[ Old English rād "act of riding" < Indo-

[ Old English hēah <
European, "ride"]
Germanic]

through·out [throo ówt]

prep, adverb
  1. through whole of: through or during the whole of

 Societies throughout history believed they had

reached the frontiers of human accomplishment.

 Throughout, they maintained their dignity.

2. in all parts of: happening or existing in all parts of

In cities and towns throughout America, I’ve seen the benefits of these investments.  The
schools and colleges of Oregon are providing Intel – the state’s largest private employer – with a
steady stream of highly-educated workers and engineers. 

[ Old English stede "place" < Indo-European, "to stand"]

[ Old English weorc < Indo-
European]
 en·gi·neer·ing [ènjə nring]
[ Old English mæst < Indo-European, "big"]
noun
1. application of science to designing
things: the application of science in the
design, planning, construction, and
maintenance of buildings, machines, and
other manufactured things

 leading the world in engineering

2. profession involving technical

designing: a branch of engineering pursued
as a profession, e.g. civil engineering or

At Parkville Middle School outside of Baltimore, engineering is the most popular subject,
thanks to outstanding teachers who are inspiring students to focus on their math and science
skills.
  [Mid-17th century. < Latin, "hearth, fireplace"]
teach·er [tchər]

(plural teach·ers)

noun
1. somebody who teaches: somebody who [ Old English weorc < Indo-European]
teaches, especially as a profession

2. anything that teaches: an occurrence, idea, or

object from which something may be learned
[13th century. Via Anglo-Norman and Old French <
 Experience is a great teacher. Latin populus < Etruscan]

[Assumed Old English putian, origin ?]

[13th century. < Anglo-Norman

compainie < late Latin companion-
(see companion1)]

In Wisconsin, a company called Orion is putting hundreds of people to work manufacturing

energy-efficient lights in a once-shuttered plant.  And in the small community of Marquette, in
Michigan’s Upper Peninsula, widely accessible high-speed internet has allowed students and
entrepreneurs to connect to the global economy. 
[14th century. Via Old French allouer < Latin
allaudare "to praise" and medieval Latin
[Mid-16th century. Directly or via Old French
allocare "assign" (see allocate)]
< Latin globus "ball, sphere"]
 [ Old English smæl "slender, small" < Germanic, "small animal"]
[12th century. < Old Norse
kalla]

One small business, a third-generation, family-owned clothing shop called Getz’s is now selling
their products online, which has helped them double their workforce and make them one of
America’s 5,000 fastest-growing companies in a recent listing.

[Pre-12th century. Via French < Latin platea [ Old English macian < Indo-European,
"kneading"]
"broad way" < Greek plateia hodos]

[Mid-16th century. < Latin innovat-, past participle of

innovare "renew" < novus "new"]

 
Each of these places reminds us that investments in education, innovation, and infrastructure are
an essential down payment on our future. But they also remind us that the only way we can
afford these investments is by getting our fiscal house in order.  Just like any family, we have to
live within our means to make room for things we absolutely need.

[Early 17th century. < French < haute "high" < Latin
altus]

[ Old English frēosan < Indo-European,

[14th century.
  Directly or via French
"freeze, burn"]
annuel < late Latin annualis, blend of
Latin annuus + annalis "yearly" < annus
"year"]
Frostbite (congelatio in medical terminology) is the
medical condition where localized damage is
caused to skin and other tissues due to extreme
cold. Frostbite is most likely to happen in body
parts farthest from the heart and those with large
exposed areas. The initial stages of frostbite are

That’s why I’ve called for a freeze on annual domestic spending over the next five years – a
 [ Old English ofer < Indo-European] [ Old English māra < Germanic]

[ Old English bringan < Indo-European]

freeze that would cut the deficit by more than $400 billion over the next decade, bringing this
kind of spending to its lowest share of our economy since Dwight Eisenhower was President.
Just to be clear, that’s lower than it was under the past three administrations, and lower than it
was under Ronald Reagan.
[14th century. < Old French requ(i)er-, stem of
requere < Latin requirere "seek in return" < [ Old English hlōwan "bellow" <
quaerere "seek"] Indo-European, "shout"]

 
Now, putting this budget freeze in place will require tough choices. That’s why I’ve frozen
salaries for hardworking civil servants for three years, and proposed cutting programs I care
about deeply, like community action programs in low-income neighborhoods. I’m not taking
these steps lightly – but I’m taking them because our economic future demands it.

[ Old English lēoht <

[14th century. < by cause "for the reason
Indo-European]
(that)," after Old French par chance]

[15th century. Via French < Latin domesticus < domus "house"]
[14th century. Via French < Latin
justus < jus "law, right"]

 
Still, a freeze in annual domestic spending is just a start. If we’re serious about tackling our
long-run fiscal challenges, we also need to cut excessive spending wherever we find it – in
defense spending, spending in Medicare and Medicaid, and spending through tax breaks and
loopholes.
  [Pre-12th century. Partly <
[14th century. Via French < Latin Latin expendere "pay" (see
dispensare < dispendere "weigh out" expend); partly < Old French
< pendere "weigh"] despendre "expend" < Latin
dispendere (see dispense)]
 [ Old English wyllan < Indo-European]
[14th century. Via Latin < Greek,
"look" < idein "to see"]

[14th century. < Latin discuss-, past

[Late 16th century. < French participle of discutere "dash to pieces" <
desgoust or Italian disgusto "have a
quatere "to shake"]
distaste for" < Latin gustus "taste"]

I’m willing to consider any serious ideas to help us reduce the deficit – no matter what party is
proposing them. But instead of cutting the investments in education and innovation we need to
out-compete the rest of the world, we need a balanced approach to deficit reduction. We all need
to be willing to sacrifice, but we can’t sacrifice our future.

[ Old English sacu < Germanic, "seeking," hence [15th century. Via French < Latin
"accusation, cause"] reduction- < past participle of reducere (see
reduce)]

[Mid-17th century. < Latin, "hearth, fireplace"]

 
Next week, Congress will focus on a short-term budget. For the sake of our people and our
economy, we cannot allow gridlock to prevail. Both Democratic and Republican leaders in the
House and Senate have said they believe it’s important to keep the government running while we
work together on a plan to reduce our long-term deficit.
[ Old English cēpan "take,
[Mid-16th century. < Latin ex(s)pectare "look out observe," origin ?]
for" < spectare "look at" < specere "to look"]

 
[ Old English grund < Germanic]
[13th century. < Old French granter,
variant of creanter "guarantee," via
assumed Vulgar Latin credentare <
Latin credere "believe"]

Given that, I urge and expect them to find common ground so we can accelerate, not impede,
economic growth. It won’t be easy. There will be plenty of debates and disagreements, and
neither party will get everything it wants. Both sides will have to compromise.
 
[15th century. Via French compromis < Latin
[12th century. < Old Norse vanta "be lacking" <
compromissum "mutual agreement" < past
Germanic, "lacking"]
participle of compromittere "make mutual
promises" < promittere (see promise)]
 [ Old English lōcian < Germanic] [Pre-12th century. < Old Norse taka]

[14th century. Via French < [ Old English riht < Indo-European, "go straight"]
Latin considerare]
work, labor, toil, drudgery, 

CORE MEANING: sustained effort

required to achieve something

That’s what it will take to do what’s right for our country. And I look forward to working with
members of both parties to produce a responsible budget that cuts what we can’t afford,
sharpens America’s competitive edge in the world, and helps us win the future.

com·pet·i·tive [kəm péttətiv] [ Old English geforþian "accomplish" < forþian

"to further"]
adjective
1. involving attempt to win: involving or decided by
competition

 a highly competitive sport

2. wanting to beat others: inclined toward wanting to

achieve more than others

Thanks everyone, and have a nice weekend.

eve·ry·one [évvree wùn]
[13th century. Via Old French < Latin nescius "ignorant"]
or eve·ry·bod·y [évvree bòddee]

pronoun
every person: every person, whether of a
defined group or in general

 Everyone is going to come to the office

party.

[PRESIDENTIAL WEEKLY ADDRESS ASSESMENT PHASE A END OF]

[PRESIDENTIAL WEEKLY ADDRESS ASSESMENT PHASE B START OF]

Travelers’ tales about these strange female practices may in
themselves have been sufficient to give rise to Amazon
myths, especially if the hearer began
to speculate, as Herodotus evidently did, about the
women’s distant ancestors.
Over the last fifty years, a host of biographies and biographical sketches
have been written about lesbians and gay men who were harassed or
ejected from military organizations when their erotic preferences were
discovered. Most of these accounts are easily available at any large
bookstore, online source, or library,
so none have been included in this book.

Genuine warrior women seem often to have excited the

male imagination, and it would not be surprising if some
such group in the course of time had been

Over the last month, I’ve been traveling the country, talking to Americans about how we can
Rhône (river), river of southeastern France, with a
length of 813 km (505 mi). The principal river of
the region, it rises in the Rhône Glacier in the Swiss
Alps and flows generally southwest across southern
Switzerland, entering the eastern end of Lake
Geneva near Montreux, and leaving the western end
of the lake at Geneva. It then follows a twisting
course through the Jura Mountains of eastern
France. At Lyon, where it is joined by the Saône
River, the Rhône turns south and flows to the Gulf
of Lion in the Mediterranean Sea.
There was left one way, [namely] through the Sequani, by which, on
account of its narrowness, they could not pass without the consent of
the Sequani. As they could not of themselves prevail on them, they send
embassadors to Dumnorix the Aeduan, that through his intercession,
they might obtain their request from the Sequani. Dumnorix, by his
popularity and liberality, had great influence among the Sequani, and
was friendly to the Helvetii, because out of that state he had married the
daughter of Orgetorix; and, incited by lust of sovereignty, was anxious
for a revolution, and wished to have as many states as possible attached
to him by his kindness toward them. He, therefore, undertakes the affair,
and prevails upon the Sequani to allow the Helvetii to march through
their territories, and arranges that they should give hostages to each
other - the Sequani not to obstruct the Helvetii in their march - the
Helvetii, to pass without mischief and outrage.

out-educate, out-innovate, and out-build the rest of the world. Doing that will require a
government that lives within its means, and cuts whatever spending we can afford to do without. 
But it will also require investing in our nation’s future – training and educating our workers;

Sometime in January 400 bc the Cyreans reached the Black Sea

The development of Cicero’s self-
image, as one whose true emotional
commitment is to intellectual pursuits,
given the
failings of the current political
system, is already established, even
before his career had really suVered
serious set-back.
coast at Trapezus. Having celebrated their arrival with athletic
games, they assembled to deliberate their future. First to stand was
Leon of Thurii, an ordinary
soldier, who had this to say:1
Well, men, as far as I’m concerned I’ve had enough of packing up and
marching and running and carrying my weapons and advancing in
formation and standing guard and fighting; I now desire to put a stop to
all these toils, since we have

increasing our commitment to research and technology; building new roads and bridges, high-
speed rail and high-speed internet.
Skinner (2002), 9–12; Bell (1994), 135, 171.
‘And now for yourself—stay here some ten or
Interestingly, Cicero’s republicanism twelve days longer, and I will then speed you on
your way. I will make you a noble present of a
was an active disadvantage to his reputation as a model chariot and three horses. I will also give you a
advocate in France (Bell (1994), 48–9, 198), an
ambivalent reputation that deteriorated after the beautiful chalice that so long as you live you may
Revolution, when rhetoric was formally banned as a think of me whenever you make a drinkoffering
 branch of education, precipitating the more to the immortal gods.
concrete barriers between disciplines. Cicero only
returned to the French political scene later in the
nineteenth century under the inXuence of Anglo-
American traditions of parliamentary debate: Douay and
Sermain (2002). For the American version of a similar
vacillation between authority and republicanism, Rahe
(1994).

In cities and towns throughout America, I’ve seen the benefits of these investments.  The
 When the war with the Helvetii was concluded, embassadors from almost all parts of Gaul, the chiefs of states,
assembled to congratulate Caesar, [saying] that they were well aware, that, although he had taken vengeance on the
Helvetii in war, for the old wrong done by them to the Roman people, yet that circumstance had happened no less to
the benefit of the land of Gaul than of the Roman people, because the Helvetii, while their affairs were most
flourishing, had quitted their country with the design of making war upon the whole of Gaul, and seizing the
government of it, and selecting, out of a great abundance, that spot for an abode, which they should judge to be the
most convenient and most productive of all Gaul, and hold the rest of the states as tributaries. They requested that
they might be allowed to proclaim an assembly of the whole of Gaul for a particular day, and to do that with Caesar's
permission, [stating] that they had some things which, with the general consent, they wished to ask of him. This
request having been granted, they appointed a day for the assembly, and ordained by an oath with each other, that
no one should disclose [their deliberations] except those to whom this [office] should be assigned by the general
assembly.

In 316 the Danube and Balkan provinces became their battleground. Two collisions
(at Cibalae and Mardia) resulted only in stalemate and eventually in a treaty. By
323, Constantine marched once more, against the GOTHS. After routing the
barbarians along the Danube, he pursued them into Licinius’s territory and one year
later forced a showdown.

The two rulers gathered their legions, each army totaling around 130,000 men. On
July 3, 324, they engaged at Adrianople. Constantine set a large portion of

his army on Licinius’s flank, while he led the main assault on the enemy’s naturally
weakened center. The feint on the flank worked perfectly, and Constantine smashed

schools and colleges of Oregon are providing Intel – the state’s largest private employer – with a
steady stream of highly-educated workers and engineers.  At Parkville Middle School outside of
Baltimore, engineering is the most popular subject, thanks to outstanding teachers who are
inspiring students to focus on their math and science skills.
Adriaticum Mare (Adriatic Sea) The Adriatic sea Adam’s Bridge Hindu

between Italy and the Balkans that served for many centuries as a conduit of trade [Nala’s Bridge.Rama-setu.Rama’s Bridge.Setu-Bandha]
and over which Grecian civilization spread throughout Italy. Although always

a bridge built by Rama or Sugriva (Ovala)

plagued by pirates and natural hazards, the Adriatic played a role in the shaping of
Roman economic power. Safe transport of vessels was made possible after the
rise to power of Emperor AUGUSTUS (63 B.C.E.–14 C.E.), with the stationing of fleets The construction of this bridge from India to Ceylon allowed Rama to
as monitors of the sea lanes. The home port of these fleets was AQUILEIA, at the attack the fortress of Ravana, who had
head of the Adriatic, the largest trading city in the area. See also PIRACY.

 
In Wisconsin, a company called Orion is putting hundreds of people to work manufacturing
energy-efficient lights in a once-shuttered plant.  And in the small community of Marquette, in
Michigan’s Upper Peninsula, widely accessible high-speed internet has allowed students and
entrepreneurs to connect to the global economy. 

Nevertheless, Terence’s talent was considerable:

his language

is fluid and elegant and his philosophical interest in

the human condition lends a global appeal to his
plays.
 This caution, however, observable in small details, is not consistent in
the narrative as a whole. By and large, the history continues to
demonstrate the evolution of Rome as a gradual process, but this is one
where developments are frequently described in such a way as to
highlight correspondence with a theoretical preconception of what the
best constitution, i.e. the mixed constitution, ought to look like.

One small business, a third-generation, family-owned clothing shop called Getz’s is now selling
their products online, which has helped them double their workforce and make them one of
America’s 5,000 fastest-growing companies in a recent listing.

Aristophanes was bitterly disappointed;

the Acharnians and the Knights both won first

prizes, and since the number of comedies had been reduced

from five to three during the Peloponnesian War

as an economic measure, that meant that the Clouds took

 
last place. Aristophanes set about rewriting it, and at least some
of the surviving text is from this second edition, which was
never staged. In 422 B.C.E. his play the Wasps won second

Unless they were educated, Romans would have had little reason to know the
name of Aeneas. Certainly they might have handled the silver denarii of 47 or 46
bc on which Caesar displayed Venus Genetrix (founder of the Julian clan) on the
obverse with Aeneas on the reverse, carrying his father Anchises and the sacred
image of Pallas Athena (known as the ‘Palladium’) from Troy; again, primitive
terracottas of Aeneas carrying his father have been found in Etruria, as near to
Rome as Veii. But it would be from literature, not religious cult, that they would
know of this hero. Fragments of Rome’s first historical poet, Naevius, speak of
Aeneas and his father leaving Troy with heads covered, and someone asks Aeneas
to tell the story of his escape.1 And Ennius’ more celebrated Annales speak more
than once of Anchises’ ancestry and prophetic wisdom: although Aeneas is not
named, Ennius has made him father of Ilia, and grandfather of Rome’s legendary
founder, Romulus. Later poets like Accius and Lucretius would call the Romans
‘Children of Aeneas’.

Each of these places reminds us that investments in education, innovation, and infrastructure
are an essential down payment on our future. But they also remind us that the only way we can
afford these investments is by getting our fiscal house in order.  Just like any family, we have to
live within our means to make room for things we absolutely need.
 Primitive peoples remodel old myths to
conform with changes produced by
revolutions, or
 
invasions and, as a rule, politely disguise
their violence: thus a treacherous usurper
will figure as a lost heir to the throne who
killed a destructive dragon or other monster
and, after marrying the king's daughter,
duly succeeded him. Even myths of origin
get altered or discarded. Prometheus'
creation of men from clay superseded the
hatching of all nature from a world-egg laid
by the ancient Mediterranean Dove-goddess

That’s why I’ve called for a freeze on annual domestic spending over the next five years – a
freeze that would cut the deficit by more than $400 billion over the next decade, bringing this
kind of spending to its lowest share of our economy since Dwight Eisenhower was President.
Just to be clear, that’s lower than it was under the past three administrations, and lower than it
was under Ronald Reagan.

Myths of origin and eventual extinction vary according to the

The Sun which, according to the
myth, had hitherto been re-born
every morning from Ngame, was
now worshipped as an eternal god
altogether
climate. In the cold North, the first human beings were said to
have sprung from the licking of frozen stones by a divine cow
named Audumla; and the Northern after-world was a bare,
misty, featureless plain where ghosts

independent of the Moon's life-
  New myths
giving function.
appeared when the Akan accepted
the patriarchal principle, which
Sun-worship brought in: they began
tracing succession through the
wandered hungry and shivering. According to a myth from the
kinder climate of Greece, a Titan named Prometheus, kneading
mud on a flowery riverbank, made human statuettes which
Athene
- who was once the Eibyan Moon--Goddess Neith - brought to

Now, putting this budget freeze in place will require tough choices. That’s why I’ve frozen
salaries for hardworking civil servants for three years, and proposed cutting programs I care
about deeply, like community action programs in low-income neighborhoods. I’m not taking
these steps lightly – but I’m taking them because our economic future demands it.

The view just expressed presupposes precisely what is at issue.The

question is not whether the special sciences are legitimate or whether

putative higher-level items—planets, trees, people, social and political

institutions—‘really exist’.The question is whether our acceptance of

such things requires a commitment to levels of being.

  

Still, a freeze in annual domestic spending is just a start. If we’re serious about tackling our
long-run fiscal challenges, we also need to cut excessive spending wherever we find it – in
defense spending, spending in Medicare and Medicaid, and spending through tax breaks and
loopholes.
 
The ‘perhaps’ is significant: it implies that on the

whole advocates were expected to undertake the cases they were

offered.

There might be more mundane reasons for refusing to take on a

defence: Cicero could not be in two places at once86 and ‘devilling’ had
not been thought of; the Roman advocate had to be there in person.

When I gave the Gifford Lectures, A pretty good summary of this issue, illustrating both the similarities
and the differences between Roman and modern practice, is to be
I thought, as Prior thought, that the two questions hung found in Quintilian.87 The good advocate, according to him, will not
together; plead causes

but it now seems to me clear that, even if we treat the
adverb ‘tomorrow’ as an operator ‘it will be the case
tomorrow that’, we remain free to treat utterances on
different days of a sentence in which it occurs as
expressing different propositions. Furthermore, when I
delivered the lectures, I believed it to be a substantive
question whether or not the proposition expressed by
uttering a sentence depends on the time of utterance. I now
consider it to be a
which he knows to be unjust (as Quintilian picturesquely puts it, ‘he
will not open up the safe haven of his eloquence to pirates’);88 if the
advocate
discovers in the course of his investigations that a client has no hope
of success, he will give advice accordingly and not be embarrassed
about refusing to take the case further.

I’m willing to consider any serious ideas to help us reduce the deficit – no matter what party is
proposing them. But instead of cutting the investments in education and innovation we need to
out-compete the rest of the world, we need a balanced approach to deficit reduction.
How could we pick out, in thought or speech, one proposition
from others within the third realm otherwise than by referring
to it, as we pick out one woman from others by referring to
her? The picture is erroneous in treating the sense as a half-
way station. Any feature of our use or our understanding of
our words that goes to determine their reference is a
component of their sense. The sense is not a station along the
route: it is the route.
This is not to deny that we can refer to thoughts and their
component senses as well as express them, and that they are
therefore objects in the sense of being possible objects of
reference. Their being is, however, to be grasped and
expressed and thereby communicated.
The need thus arises to explain how, in any given

language, sentences express thoughts: how we grasp what

thought is expressed by a sentence we hear or read, how we

We all need to be willing to sacrifice, but we can’t sacrifice our future.

  Suppose that Congress is to decide whether to enact a statutory scheme, such as, for
example, establishing a cabinet department for Homeland Security.

Presumably the reasons in favor of the statute would be more or less directed to
considerations of welfare or public safety. But the new department may be authorized
to behave in ways that may sometimes infringe some people’s rights.

Whether or not such an agency should be set up and authorized to suspend rights
would seem to be a matter of balancing the advancement of a shared interest in public
safety against the articular rights violations that such advancement may entail. And,
presumably, the appropriate balance should somehow be responsive to arguments,
both on behalf of those whose rights are likely to be suspended as well as from those
who think that public safety may be inadequately protected.

Next week, Congress will focus on a short-term budget. For the sake of our people and our
economy, we cannot allow gridlock to prevail. Both Democratic and Republican leaders in the
House and Senate have said they believe it’s important to keep the government running while we
work together on a plan to reduce our long-term deficit.

If when we use the words ‘‘free’’ and ‘‘unfree’’, we are already

assuming that it is wrong for P to use something that belongs to
Q, we cannot appeal to freedom to

explain why Q’s ownership of the resource is justified. We

cannot even extol our property system as the basis of a free
society, for such a boast would be nothing
 
Given that, I urge and expect them to find common ground so we can accelerate, not impede,
economic growth. It won’t be easy. There will be plenty of debates and disagreements, and
neither party will get everything it wants. Both sides will have to compromise.
 
He sees this as an important side of democracy—the side that makes it important to have referenda at times
and to elect the legislatures that enact the laws that protect against arbitrary exercise of power. This is the
(indirect) ‘authorial’ role that democracy requires the people to have. But Pettit also emphasizes the ‘editorial’
role of the people, which he describes as the ‘contestatory’ side of democracy. For Pettit, contestability is more
important than consent in preventing exercises of power that

are arbitrary (Pettit 1997: 184–5). For contestation to be possible, decision making must be open enough for
there to be potential for public reason to contest it, and there must be many channels of contestation—writing
to an MP, complaint to an ombudsman, judicial appeals, rights to take to the streets in protest, and so on.
Because Pettit rejects democracy as a purely electoral ideal, he disagrees with hand-wringers who see in every
global decision-making forum an erosion of national electoral sovereignty. If a global institution, say a UN
human rights agency, effectively contests a national form of domination, then that national polity has more
channels open for public reason to

contest its power. Hence, democracy may be enlarged rather than reduced by it.
 Active responsibility means taking responsibility for putting something right into the
future. One can be actively responsible for righting a wrong in the future without being
causally responsible for the wrong in the past. Family members of an offender might offer
to work with the offender to help repair the damage that a victim of crime has suffered, for
example. Restorative justice is partly about community building, by encouraging citizens
who are not offenders to assist in righting wrongs that offenders have caused. One virtue
of the active responsibility of an offender’s loved ones is that it nurtures active
responsibility on the part of the offender. Restorative justice is about creating a space in
which offenders are most likely to take responsibility. Conventional Western criminal
justice is about creating spaces in which offenders will be held responsible in

proportion to their culpability.

That’s what it will take to do what’s right for our country. And I look forward to working with
members of both parties to produce a responsible budget that cuts what we can’t afford, sharpens
America’s competitive edge in the world, and helps us win the future. Thanks everyone, and
have a nice weekend.

Suppose the sceptic takes the purely assertive option. He might then see what he can do with the stipulation that
to evaluate something is to assert a conditional to the effect that in certain circumstances everyone would have a
certain dynamic attitude towards it, where a dynamic attitude is a desire, aversion or intention. Conditionals of
this kind have in fact often figured in would-be analyses of the ordinary concept of a value judgement, or of the

ordinary concept of rightness.

[PRESIDENTIAL WEEKLY ADDRESS ASSESMENT PHASE B END OF]

[PRESIDENTIAL WEEKLY ADDRESS ASSESMENT PHASE C START OF]

Baldwin of Boulogne, Godfrey of Bouillon’s

younger brother, pressed on and with the aid of
local Armenians reached Edessa (mod.
fianlıurfa, Turkey), which he seized

from its Armenian ruler, T‘oros, who had

invited him to become his partner.

Over the last month, I’ve been traveling the country, talking to Americans about how we can
out-educate, out-innovate, and out-build the rest of the world.
Early Christians made the sign of the cross for divine protection and as a means of We shall not hold the lands of
identifi cation to each other. In the fourth century, Christ’s wooden cross was allegedly
found in excavations in Jerusalem by Empress Helena, mother of Constantine I. Helena those convicted of felony longer
is said to have found three buried crosses at the site of the crucifi xion but did not know than a year and a day; and then
which belonged to Christ. She tested all three with the corpse of a man. Two crosses
had no effect upon the body, but the third caused it to return to life. Helena sent part of the lands shall be restored to the
the cross to Constantine, who sent a portion to Rome, where it is still preserved in the lords of the fiefs.
Vatican. Helena reburied the rest of the cross. Bits of the cross that were

Doing that will require a government that lives within its means, and cuts whatever spending we
can afford to do without.  But it will also require investing in our nation’s future – training and
 The only Gnostics who may have survived into the age of Christian

dualism were the Marcionites. Marcion (d. c. 160) was concerned

with the problem, which has troubled many Christians through the
ages, of the contrast between the God of the Old Testament and the
God revealed by Jesus Christ. He taught that the creator of this
universe was the God of the Old Testament and a God of Justice who
treated his creation harshly. The God of the New Testament, who is
the God of Love, was extraneous to this creation, but, having become
aware of the plight of men living here, sent his Son Jesus Christ to
rescue them.

educating our workers; increasing our commitment to research and technology; building new
roads and bridges, high-speed rail and high-speed internet.

The Ten Commandments are familiar to

every one, and I do not propose to go through the
text line for line.
Mr. Cook, in the course of his paper in the
Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology,
has already done this, and the reader will find there
full and clear details about the readings of the
Versions and other authorities.
I propose here only to touch upon such points as
may help us to discover the nature of the document
and its date.

 
In cities and towns throughout America, I’ve seen the benefits of these investments.  The schools
and colleges of Oregon are providing Intel – the state’s largest private employer – with a steady
stream of highly-educated workers and engineers. 

The Orthodox Church claimed the right to define heresy

and to excommunicate those heretics who would not be
reconciled, and the Byzantine emperor claimed the right to
punish those whom the Church labeled heretics.12 When
Justinian I (527–65) systematized the Roman law code

he equated heresy with treason, and made both capital

A Doctor is , Mostly , an Engineer of the Flesh offences.

At Parkville Middle School outside of Baltimore, engineering is the most popular subject,
thanks to outstanding teachers who are inspiring students to focus on their math and science
skills.
 It also was that rare work in Jewish life and learning that covered
controversy and yet was not controversial. It could not be
identified with one school of thought, with one religious,
political, or social perspective. Written by Zionists who believed
ardently
 
in Jewish peoplehood and the centrality of the land of Israel and
the renascent State of Israel for the Jewish future, it also respected
the many forms that Jewish life had taken. It performed its task
admirably, sharing with the reader what was known

and knowable in 1972, the year when it was first published. For a
time through Year Books and Decennial volumes, it sought to
update its readers on more recent learning, trends, and issues, and
for the first time in 1997 it migrated to an electronic version

with a wonderful search engine that freed the reader from taking
volumes off the shelf and moving from the index to yet another
volume.

So we understood as we embarked upon the task of updating the

masterful work that much could be lost. We were also confident
of what could be gained.

In Wisconsin, a company called Orion is putting hundreds of people to work manufacturing

energy-efficient lights in a once-shuttered plant.  And in the small community of Marquette, in
Michigan’s Upper Peninsula, widely accessible high-speed internet has allowed students and
entrepreneurs to connect to the global economy. 

Unless one were to use the facilities provided by the

demosios dromos, overland travel was a slow business. It
has been calculated that beasts of burden—camels and
donkeys—moved at a person’s walking rate, and oxen
were capable of no more than 3.2 km per hour.31 Carts
drawn by pairs of oxen were used by monks to transport
wheat and other goods at Katabolon in the Propontis in the
ninth century.32 In 787 the holy fathers traveling to the
Seventh Ecumenical Council at Nicaea in Bithynia “rode
horses and mules, served by slaves and post horses.”33
According to a letter from Theodore of

Stoudios in 797, he and his companions, riding horses

“such as chanced to them” , covered a distance of
approximately 40 km in two days,34 that is, 20–25

km a day. An army on the march would cover some 24 km

per day from station to

One small business, a third-generation, family-owned clothing shop called Getz’s is now selling
 37. If any one hold of us in fee-farm, or in socage, or in burkage,
and hold land of another by military service, we shall not, by
reason of that fee-farm, or socage, or burkage, have the
wardship of his heir or of his land which is held in fee from
another. Nor shall we have the wardship of that fee-farm, or
socage, or burkage unless that fee-farm owe military service.
We shall not, by reason of some petit-serjeanty which

some one holds of us through the service of giving us knives or

arrows or the like, have the wardship of his heir or of the land
which he holds of another by military service.

38. No bailiff, on his own simple assertion, shall henceforth any

their products online, which has helped them double their workforce and make them one of
America’s 5,000 fastest-growing companies in a recent listing.
 

Each of these places reminds us that investments in education, innovation, and infrastructure are
an essential down payment on our future.
 The reactions of the Orders of Christ and Santiago were
unfavorable to the king, since they obtained from Pope Paul
II the revocation of the previous decisions (1464), while
reminding the king that the military orders were founded to
defend Portugal and not to

fight in Morocco.

But they also remind us that the only way we can afford these investments is by getting our
fiscal house in order. 

I am Jalhwe thy God that [brought] thee out of

the land of E[gypt:]

After the establishment of the State of Israel, the Hebrew

language Encyclopaedia Hebraica began to be published in
Jerusalem by the Massada Publishing Company,

directed by the Peli family. This was the first large-scale general
encyclopedia in the Hebrew language – and naturally it
emphasized the Jewish aspects of various subjects,

some of them of high scholarly importance and in certain cases

even pioneering studies in their field. But though it contains the
elements of a Jewish encyclopedia, it was not – nor was it
intended to be – a Jewish encyclopedia as such.

Just like any family, we have to live within our means to make room for things we absolutely
need.

Two People Making Love in Heart, Body, Mind and

Spirit
 
 1. John, by the grace of God King of England,
Lord of Ireland, Duke of Normandy and
Aquitaine, and Count of Anjou, to his
archbishops, bishops, abbots, earls, barons,
justices, foresters, sheriffs, stewards,servants,
and to all his officials and loyal subjects,
greeting.

That’s why I’ve called for a freeze on annual domestic spending over the next five years – a
freeze that would cut the deficit by more than $400 billion over the next decade, bringing this
kind of spending to its lowest share of our economy since Dwight Eisenhower was President.
Just to be clear, that’s lower than it was under the past three administrations, and lower than it
was under Ronald Reagan.
In the first phase, European oceanic expansion led to the possession of a
significant portion of the Americas (and claims to the entire hemisphere)
through conquest and colonization, as well as the establishment of coastal
enclaves and trading-post settlements on the coasts of West and East Africa,
Arabia, India, China, the Spice Islands, and Japan. Western colonialism
At her husband's death, a widow may have her during these centuries, however, was largely an Atlantic endeavor. In the
marriage portion and inheritance at once and East, European traders and missionaries integrated themselves into the larger
  She shall pay nothing for her and richer economies of the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea. The
without trouble. European settler societies in the Americas during the fifty-year period from
dower, marriage portion, or any inheritance that 1775 to 1825, as part of the wider Atlantic Age of Revolution, rebelled
she and her against imperial rule and established independent nation-states in the United
States, the former colonies of Spanish America and Portuguese Brazil. The
husband held jointly on the day of his death. She descendants of European colonists were not the only revolutionaries in this
second phase, a time of imperial contraction.
may remain in her husband's house for forty days
after his death, and within this period her dower Native Americans, Mestizos, Mulattos, and African slaves rebelled as well
shall be assigned to her. during this period. In the French sugar island of Saint Domingue in the
Caribbean, a slave rebellion in the 1790s defeated European armies and
established the black republic of Haiti in 1804.

Now, putting this budget freeze in place will require tough choices. That’s why I’ve frozen
salaries for hardworking civil servants for three years, and proposed cutting programs I care
about deeply, like community action programs in low-income neighborhoods.

World War II (1939–1945) abruptly began the last phase of Western colonialism.

The war dramatically assaulted the key European imperial powers, France, the
Netherlands and Great Britain, at home and overseas. Most of France and all of the
Netherlands were occupied by Hitler’s Germany in 1940, while Britain’s cities were
bombed and its once formable financial resources were bled dry. Abroad German
armies threatened Egypt and Japanese armies seized French Indochina, Dutch
Indonesia, and British Singapore and Malaya (as well as the American colony of the
Philippines). Although German and Japanese militarism and imperialism were
defeated in the war as a result of the intervention of the United States and the Soviet
Union and the French, Dutch and British reestablished colonial rule in their Asian
colonies after 1945, Europeans could not longer sustain foreign

rule by force or collaboration. Colonial nationalists were determined to attain

independence by peaceful negotiation or, if necessary, violent revolution. Thus,
between 1940 and 1980 more than eighty colonies achieved their independence and
were recognized as sovereign nation-states.
 My colleagues in history, the five associate editors, were indispensable in guiding the
project, developing broad themes and specific entries, recommending and vetting
contributors, and reading the articles that they commissioned and guiding these pieces

I’m not taking these steps lightly – but I’m taking them because our economic future demands it.
 
Inquests of novel disseisin, mort d'ancestor, and darrein presentment
shall be taken only in their proper county court. We ourselves, or in our
absence abroad our chief justice, will send two justices to

each county four times a year, and these justices, with four knights of
the county elected by the county itself, shall hold the assizes in the
county court, on the day and in the place where the court meets.
Still, a freeze in annual domestic spending is just a start. If we’re serious about tackling our long-
run fiscal challenges, we also need to cut excessive spending wherever we find it – in defense
spending, spending in Medicare and Medicaid, and spending through tax breaks and loopholes.

For six days did Ja[hwe make]

14 [the heaven]s and the earth, the sea and

all th[at is therein,] 15 and he rested [on
the] seventh day; therefore Jahwe blessed
[the] 16 seventh day and hallowed it.
57. But with regard to all those things of which any one of the Welsh by king
  Henry our father or king Richard our brother, disseized or dispossessed
without legal judgment of his peers, which we have in our hand or which
others hold, and for which we ought to give a guarantee: we shall have
respite until the common term for crusaders. Except with regard to those
concerning which a plea was moved, or an inquest made by our order, before
we took the cross. But when we return from our pilgrimage, or if, by

chance, we desist from our pilgrimage, we shall straightway then show full
justice regarding them, according to the laws of Wales and the aforesaid
districts.

58. We shall straightway return the son of Llewelin and all the Welsh
hostages, and the charters delivered to us as surety for the peace.

59. We shall act towards Alexander king of the Scots regarding the
restoration of his sisters, and his hostages, and his liberties and his lawful
right, as we shall act towards our other barons of England;

I’m willing to consider any serious ideas to help us reduce the deficit – no matter what party is
proposing them. But instead of cutting the investments in education and innovation we need to
out-compete the rest of the world, we need a balanced approach to deficit reduction. We all need
to be willing to sacrifice, but we can’t sacrifice our future.
This book is aimed mainly at professional philosophers. It is
intended as a contribution to the research industry which sustains
the topic of personal identity. However, I hope the book will also
introduce this topic to a wider graduate audience. Accordingly, I
have tried to make the book as accessible as possible, and I have
attempted to explain any terms of jargon that might have crept
in.
 In asking a question of the form ‘What is an F?’, we are asking a

question in ontology. It is a question about the nature of Fs, not a

question about the meaning of ‘F’ or the concept of F-ness.

  However, a question of the form ‘What is an F?’ is often
ambiguous. It can mean:

‘What conditions does something have to satisfy in order to be an

F?’

(call this the satisfaction question). Alternatively, it can mean ‘Of

Next week, Congress will focus on a short-term budget. For the sake of our people and our
economy, we cannot allow gridlock to prevail. Both Democratic and Republican leaders in the
House and Senate have said they believe it’s important to keep the government running while we
work together on a plan to reduce our long-term deficit.

Later I shall consider some everyday cases where the limited

In the area of sexual harassment, molestation, and assault
problems, the idea is often advanced that some people are
incapable of resisting their urges to make advances toward,
even at times to rape, people who appear very attractive or
provocative to them. Here, too, the free-will stance would,
if sound, pretty much discredit this way of understanding and
open the way to assign responsibility to individuals who
sexually harass, molest, or rape. There are also those
range of hypotheses is knowable by simple common sense.
The core of common sense may
be innate knowledge or reliable intuition, which in this case
constrains the range of possibilities we consider. It is clear
that Holmesian inference must be supplemented by another
source of knowledge of general propositions.

who attribute racist, sexist, and other kinds of unjust

sentiments entirely to their upbringing, claiming that given
how or where they were brought up, it is impossible for

Given that, I urge and expect them to find common ground so we can accelerate, not impede,
economic growth. It won’t be easy. There will be plenty of debates and disagreements, and
neither party will get everything it wants. Both sides will have to compromise.

 
That’s what it will take to do what’s right for our country. And I look forward to working with
members of both parties to produce a responsible budget that cuts what we can’t afford, sharpens
America’s competitive edge in the world, and helps us win the future.

He lamented the history of the Holy Land since Saladin (Salah al-Din Yusuf ibn
Ayyub), sultan of Egypt and Syria, slaughtered a crusader army at the Horns of
Hattin (two hills overlooking the Sea of Galilee) and reconquered Jerusalem in
1187. ‘‘Following the pitiable collapse of the territory of Jerusalem, following the
shameful massacre of the Christian people, following the deplorable invasion of that
land upon which the feet of Christ once stood,’’ the Apostolic See was wretched
with grief. ‘‘It cried out and wailed to such an extent that due to incessant wailing,
its throat was made hoarse, and from excessive weeping, its eyes almost failed.’’
Jerusalem was still ‘‘imprisoned by the impious,’’ in spite of the great crusade led
by a dazzling Richard the Lionheart and a vapid Philip II Augustus in 1191. ‘‘Where
is your God? He can neither deliver Himself nor you from our hands,’’ taunted His
enemies. ‘‘How, brothers and sons, are we to refute the insults of insulters?’’ A new
crusade to the Levant was the apostolic answer. Come to the aid of Him, ‘‘as it was
for you that He emptied Himself, accepting the form of a servant, was made in the
form of a man and appeared in human likeness.’’

Thanks everyone, and have a nice weekend.

[PRESIDENTIAL WEEKLY ADDRESS ASSESMENT PHASE C END OF]
[PRESIDENTIAL WEEKLY ADDRESS ASSESEMENT PHASE D START OF]
[13th century. Via Old
French < Latin color]
Over the last month, I’ve been traveling the country, talking to Americans about how we can
out-educate, out-innovate, and out-build the rest of the world.
[Mid-16th century. < Spanish
and Portuguese < Latin nigr-
"black"]
Is Nigr Color the Target or the
Medium?
Focusing on the Bolshevik Party’s intention to create an ‘army of
a new type’, the army’s aim was both to defend the people and
propagate Marxist ideals to the rest of the world. Lenin believed
that this new people’s army would be a tool for social
transformation and cohesion. But The Soviet Military Experience
shows that by the end of the cold war and collapse of the USSR
in 1991, Russian society once again saw their army as the elitist
and callous organization which its Bolshevik founders had tried
so hard to avoid.
 Doing that will require a government that lives within its means, and cuts whatever spending we
can afford to do without. 
It was only on December 24, two weeks after
the Politburo’s decision to remove Amin, that
Defense Minister Ustinov informed his top
generals about it. That day, he signed a
directive ordering

troops to be sent to provide “international

help” to the Democratic Republic of
Afghanistan and “avert possible threats to the
Soviet Union.”

Can two Super Spies serving Opposing

Camps Fall InLove one another without
betraying the Nations or Groups they gave
oath to serve and Protect?

But it will also require investing in our nation’s future – training and educating our workers;
increasing our commitment to research and technology; building new roads and bridges, high-
speed rail and high-speed internet.
 

[ Old English fæder < Indo-European]

[15th century. Via French < Latin

parent- < present participle of parere

In cities and towns throughout America, I’ve seen the benefits of these investments.  The
Yet another issue of political importance, particularly in

individual states, was the debate over alcohol. A

temperance movement (a movement that called for the
strict regulation or outright banning of sales of alcoholic
beverages) had divided political parties in Maine and
soon spread to other states. Politicians and their
supporters were forced to take a public position on
alcohol regulation.

schools and colleges of Oregon are providing Intel – the state’s largest private employer – with
a steady stream of highly-educated workers and engineers. 
Political parties played a critical role in
When, in the course of human events, it shaping these debates and formulating
becomes necessary for one people to responses to the issues that mattered
dissolve the political bonds which have
connected them with another, and to
assume among the powers of the earth, to the majority of Americans. Most
the separate Americans voted along strict party lines—
most American white males, that
and equal station to which the laws of
nature and of nature's God entitle them, a is, as neither women nor African Americans
decent respect to the opinions of
mankind requires that they should
had the right to vote. A person’s political
declare the causes which impel them to party was less a reflection of his support for
the separation. a particular candidate and far more a refl

The story of Cold War American defense policy is often told through the history

of specific ideas or concepts. Terms like Iron Curtain, containment, the Marshall

Plan, the Truman Doctrine, massive retaliation, flexible response, détente, and

others simply yet meaningfully capture the essence of a complex issue, strategic

At Parkville Middle School outside of Baltimore, engineering is the most popular subject,
thanks to outstanding teachers who are inspiring students to focus on their math and science
skills.
  He has refused his assent to laws, the most wholesome and

necessary for the public good.

He has forbidden his governors to pass laws of immediate

I n the earliest years of America’s history as
an independent nation, the country was unifi
ed behind its leadership.

George Washington was the unanimous

choice as the nation’s fi rst president. His
cabinet featured many men who had fi gured
prominently in the Continental Congress and
the American Revolution, men who had

stood firmly united in the effort to win

In Wisconsin, a company called Orion is putting hundreds of people to work manufacturing

energy-efficient lights in a once-shuttered plant. 

So Human is nothing more than a Distorted

Ape who unlike his / her Relative does not
know what to do with his /her holes while
the Ape knows what to do with e.g. a
Banana?

This is not Darwinism.

And in the small community of Marquette, in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula, widely accessible
high-speed internet has allowed students and entrepreneurs to connect to the global economy. 
 This was important during the first years of the
American Republic.

The 13 Colonies were originally composed by

Citizens of Western European Origin.

A Same Common Feeling towards American

Patriotism was necessary while respecting
Human Nature.

One small business, a third-generation, family-owned clothing shop called Getz’s is now selling
their products online, which has helped them double their workforce and make them one of
America’s 5,000 fastest-growing companies in a recent listing.

If Mr. Aulaqi never felt as an American Why

he was Living in the United States being
officially an American Citizen?
3. The art of war, then, is governed by five
constant factors, to be taken into account in one’s

deliberations, when seeking to determine the

conditions obtaining in the field.

4. These are: (1) The Moral Law; (2) Heaven; (3)

Each of these places reminds us that investments in education, innovation, and infrastructure are
an essential down payment on our future. But they also remind us that the only way we can
 24. Attack him where he is unprepared, appear
where you are not expected.

25. These military devices, leading to victory,

must not be divulged beforehand.

afford these investments is by getting our fiscal house in order.  Just like any family, we have to
live within our means to make room for things we absolutely need.
 

That’s why I’ve called for a freeze on annual domestic spending over the next five years – a
freeze that would cut the deficit by more than $400 billion over the next decade, bringing this
kind of spending to its lowest share of our economy since Dwight Eisenhower was President.
Just to be clear, that’s lower than it was under the past three administrations, and lower than it
was under Ronald Reagan.
My name is Richard C. Hoagland. As the brief
authors' biography page states, I was

indeed a NASA consultant to the Goddard

Spaceflight Center in the post-Apollo era, and

Science Advisor to Walter Cronkite and CBS News,

Special Events, advising CBS on the

science of the NASA missions to the Moon and Mars,

during the Apollo Program. I

currently run an independent NASA watchdog and

research group, the Enterprise
 
Mission, attempting to figure out how much of what
 The governmental institution known as NASA is a
department of the Executive Branch, ultimately
answerable solely to the President of the United
States, an Agency created through the National
Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958. NASA
ostensibly is "a civilian agency exercising control
over aeronautical and space activities sponsored by
the United States."[Emphasis added.]1

Now, putting this budget freeze in place will require tough choices. That’s why I’ve frozen
salaries for hardworking civil servants for three years, and proposed cutting programs I care
about deeply, like community action programs in low-income neighborhoods. I’m not taking
these steps lightly – but I’m taking them because our economic future demands it.

Still, a freeze in annual domestic spending is just a start. If we’re serious about tackling our
long-run fiscal challenges, we also need to cut excessive spending wherever we find it – in
defense spending, spending in Medicare and Medicaid, and spending through tax breaks and
loopholes.
At the very least, it is clear that to travel beyond our solar system on a human timescale, we would
have to reach speeds much greater than are possible now. To appreciate the magnitude of the
problem, let's consider the onboard fuel requirements just to accelerate a spacecraft to 25 percent the
speed of light, at which rate a one-way trip to Alpha Centauri would take a mere 10 years. (I will
ignore here the fact that it would take at least a year to do the accelerating, if you want to survive
that process.) If we make use of the rocket equation—which, I remind you, is an underestimate of
the fuel requirements—and specify conventional rocket fuel, the fuel mass would be 1 followed by
approximately 20,000 zeros times the payload mass! To deliver just a single atom to the nearest star
would thus require more fuel than is available from all the matter known in the universe! I think

even Congress would realize that this is not the way to go.

 
I’m willing to consider any serious ideas to help us reduce the deficit – no matter what party is
proposing them. But instead of cutting the investments in education and innovation we need to
 out-compete the rest of the world, we need a balanced approach to deficit reduction. We all need
to be willing to sacrifice, but we can’t sacrifice our future.
 
E1.2.8.1. A person's sexual orientation is considered a personal
and private matter, and is not a bar to service entry or continued
service unless manifested by homosexual conduct in the manner
described in subparagraph

E1.2.8.2., below. Applicants for enlistment, appointment, or

induction shall not be asked or required to reveal whether they are
heterosexual, homosexual or bisexual.

Applicants also will not be asked or required to reveal whether

they have engaged in homosexual conduct, unless independent
evidence is received indicating that an applicant engaged in such
conduct or unless the applicant volunteers a statement that he

or she is a homosexual or bisexual, or words to that effect.

Next week, Congress will focus on a short-term budget. For the sake of our people and our
economy, we cannot allow gridlock to prevail. Both Democratic and Republican leaders in the
House and Senate have said they believe it’s important to keep the government running while we
work together on a plan to reduce our long-term deficit.
 
W hether you are Han Solo, Jean-Luc Picard, or some
slimy alien, the most daunting challenge you face once you

engage your thrusters is not how to zip around the sky with
the ease of a hummingbird. It is to get moving in the first
place.

Given that, I urge and expect them to find common ground so we can accelerate, not impede,
economic growth. It won’t be easy. There will be plenty of debates and disagreements, and
neither party will get everything it wants. Both sides will have to compromise.

No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United States:

And no Person holding any Office of Profit or Trust under

them, shall, without the Consent of the Congress, accept of
any present, Emolument, Office, or Title, of any kind
whatever, from any King, Prince, or foreign State.

 
That’s what it will take to do what’s right for our country. And I look forward to working with
members of both parties to produce a responsible budget that cuts what we can’t afford, sharpens
America’s competitive edge in the world, and helps us win the future [And Every Piece of This
World Becomes Part of the Generation to Come]. We the People of the United States, in Order to
form a more perfect Union, establish Justice,
insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the
common defence, promote

the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of

Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain
and establish this

Thanks everyone, and have a nice weekend.

[PRESIDENTIAL WEEKLY ADDRESS ASSESEMENT PHASE D END OF]