Ex. 2, p.

26
a) For younger audience a dynamic speaker/presenter is more preferable. For the older
audience, in the opposite, a calm and relaxed presenter is appreciated.
For our country, as I guess, there is no such a tendency. Of course, for someone calm
and quiet atmosphere is better to percept the information better, but it’s legit both for
younger and older audiences. The contrary is right too – everything depends on the
personal preferences.
b) The body language should be in flow with the words of the speaker. Otherwise, the
speaker will seem unnatural.
Of course, it’s a strongly good advice – one of the basic one about body language.
c) Intercultural recipe for success is a smile.
It’s true for the majority of countries, but, as I know, for some countries such as India,
Indonesia, Zimbabwe, Iran there’s a strong stereotype: smiling people are not
trustworthy and honest.
d) Arabian people like to sit close to each other in private conversation but when it comes
to the public speaking, they compensate the wide distance with loud voice and
expressive body language.
This kind of advice seems to me as one of the basic too. We learned that the larger
audience is – the larger gestures should be. Also, the mimic and voice volume should
correspond this rule too but not to become overacted.
Ex. 3, p. 26
a) move around the room more: Men
b) hold eye contact four times longer: Women
c) gesture towards themselves: Women
d) gesture away from themselves: Men
e) point and wave their arms more: Men
f) smile and nod while listening: Women
g) tilt the head and frown while listening: Men
h) keep their bodies fairly rigid: Men
Ex. 5, p. 27
1–e
2–c
3–f
4–a
5–d
6–b
For Russian culture all these gestures are acceptable. I think it’s a consequence of our historical
integration and domesticizing of foreign culture behavior and patterns. If we look up for gesture
acceptance differences in other countries, there will be such for countries with strong national
sovereignty and independence.
Ex. 3, p. 28

Authority
Wait, use subtle gestures, talk slowly, look
slightly above the audience, stand still,
imagine your presence fills the room, say
less, talk low
Rapport
Maintain lots of eye contact, ask lots of
questions, use humor, listen, imagine you’re
talking to a small group of friends, get excited

Ex. 7, p. 29
a) Gestures are as important as the face expression is. But they should be in the flow with
the whole speech (posture, face expression, words). Also, they will distract people from
the presentation if they are repeated too often.
b) Crossing arms erect the visual and psychological wall between you and the audience. It
tells people you’re not confident in your words.
The same story is about standing behind a podium – but it’s a physical barrier and
protection.
The solution is to have a radio microphone which allows to move around freely.
c) The more objects you have with you, the worst hands problem become: clicking pens,
playing with jewelry, etc. The best way to overcome this problem is to put all distractors
away before walking on the stage to present something.
d) Too nervous: moving around a lot, wave their hands. Over-relaxed: hands in pockets.
Even if you are not nervous but rocking backward and forward – people may think you
actually are nervous. Being over-relaxed is not really good too – audience can think you
do not care about presentation at all. So, the golden medium is to be still and do not
move much and appear alert to the audience.
Ex. 9, p. 29
a) Penguin position. Clumsy posture, hands are ‘glued’ to the sides. It makes the speaker
look uncomfortable and makes the audience bored.
b) T-Rex. Presenter moves like in a hurry with crouched hands like a T-Rex does. It makes
presenter look too anxious and breaks the concentration both of they and the audience.
c) Fig leaf position. The speaker holds their hands on the lower-body part to look more
professional and confident. But it makes you look stiff and a bit defensive.
d) Parade rest position. In this position, the presenter folds their hands behind a back as
soldiers do. It makes a look of hiding something as palms should be seen to the
audience in order to seem honest.
e) Caged tiger. All goes from nerves – here the presenter is rushing around like a wild
beast in cage or, in opposite, stay calm when the anxiety reduces. Such behavior just
tires both speaker and audience.