NEW HORIZON GURUKUL

POINTS TO REMEMBER FOR CLASS: VI

SUB: MATHEMATICS CHAPTER: KNOWING OUR NUMBERS

Building numbers

How many numbers can be formed using a certain number of digits?

If a certain number of digits are given, we can make different numbers having the same number of
digits by interchanging positions of digits.

Example: Consider 4 digits: 3, 0, 9, 6.

Using these four digits,

(i) Largest number possible = 9630
(ii) Smallest number possible = 3069

(Since 4-digit number cannot have 0 as the leftmost number, as the number then will become a 3-
digit number)

Expanded form of a number:

If we express aa given number as the sum of its place values, it is called as expanded form.

Example: 36424 can be written in expanded form as: 3x10000 + 6x1000 + 4x100 + 2x10 + 4x1

Use of numbers in everyday life:

SUB: ENGLISH CHAPTER: STRUCTURE OF SENTENCES

Topic: Structure of sentences

A. A sentence is made up of a subject, verb and an object. The verb and objects are
together considered as predicates in sentences.

Subject/predicate: All sentences are about something or someone. The something or

someone that the sentence is about is called the subject of the sentence. In the following
sentences the subjects are shown in red.

1. Note how the subject is often, but not always, the first thing in the sentence.

 John often comes late to class.

My friend and I both have a dog named Spot.

2. The predicate contains information about someone or something that is the subject. The
example sentences above are shown again, this time with the predicate marked in green.

 John often comes late to class.

My friend and I both have a dog named Spot.

3. In order to find out the subject we ask the question ‘who or what’ before the verb.

Sentence 1 : My dog ate all the cookies.

Here, if we ask the question who ate?

The answer we get is ‘My dog’.

4. Similarly, to find the object we ask the question ‘who/what’ after the verb.

The question ‘ate what’ is answered by ‘all the cookies’.

So the structure of sentence 1 is:

My dog + ate + all the cookies

Subject + verb + object

The subject and object are always nouns or pronouns.

5. Sentence 2 : He was strong and powerful.

 Here, ‘strong and powerful’ describe the subject or give us more information about it.

This part of the sentence that tells us something about the subject is called a ‘complement’

So the structure of sentence 2 is:

He + was + strong and powerful

Subject + verb + complement

6. Some sentences have two objects direct and indirect.

To find the direct object, ask the question who or what after the verb

To find the indirect object, ask the question to/for whom or to/for what after the verb

Ria gave me her sandwich. (her sandwich- Direct Object, me: Indirect Object)

SUB: SCIENCE CHAPTER: WATER

Water

 Fog – During winter, condensation of water vapour takes place near the earth’s surface.
These clouds are condensed vapour that do not become water droplets and do not rain.
In fact these appear near the earth’s surface as fog.
 Dew- During winter nights, when air becomes very cool, vapour present near the earth’s
surface condense and water droplets are formed which appears as dew. This dew could
be observed on leaves and flowers in the winter mornings. So, dew is the condensation
of water vapour during winters near the earth’s surface.
 Gravitational water- When it rains or a crop is irrigated or watered, most of the water
flows through the soil into aquifer to accumulate as ground water. This water is called
gravitational water.
 Clouds are given different names based on their shape and height in the sky.
The highest clouds in the atmosphere are cirrocumulus, cirrus and cirrostratus.
Cumulonimbus clouds can grow to be very high.
Mid-level clouds include altocumulus and altostratus.
The lowest clouds in the atmosphere are stratus, cumulus and stratocumulus.
 Rain gauge- A rain gauge is a meteorological instrument used to measure the
precipitating rain in a given amount of time per unit area.
 Water conservation- Water conservation is the practice of using water efficiently to
 reduce unnecessary water usage.
 Water pollution- Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (like oceans, seas,
lakes, rivers, aquifers, and groundwater) usually caused due to human activities.
 Water purification- Water purification is the removal of contaminants from raw water to
produce drinking water that is pure enough for human consumption or for industrial use.

Question and answers from textbook:-

IV Q 3 b. Water table- The underground surface beneath the earth, where materials such
as soil or rock are saturated with water is called the water table.

QV 7. In village the seepage of water is more because in village the population is less and there
are fewerbuildings which are made of concrete which does not allow the seepage of water. In
villages there are more trees which allow the seepage of water as compared to cities.

SUB: SOCIAL SCIENCE CHAPTER: THE EARTH AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM

THE EARTH AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM

1.Celestial bodies.

The sun, the moon and all those objects shining in the night sky arecalled Celestial bodies.

Classification of Celestrial bodies

Stars Meteor

Meteorites Comets

Galaxies Satellites

Sun Planets

2.Stars

 Some celestial bodies are very big and hot. They are made up of gases.
 They have their own heat and light, which they emit in large amounts.
 These celestial bodies are called stars. The sun is a star.
 Countless twinkling stars in the night sky are similar to the sun. But we do not feel their heat
or light, and they look so tiny because they are far from us.

3.Constellations

While watching the night sky, you may notice various patterns formed by different groups of
stars. These are called constellations.
4.Universe

The space where Galaxies exist.

There are billions of Galaxies.

5. Galaxy

A cluster of millions of stars.

Our Galaxy is Known as the Milky way Galaxy or Aakash Ganga.

6.Solar System

• The Sun, its planets and all the objects moving around them collectively are called Solar
System.

• The Solar System is entirely dependent on Sun & the only one which is self- luminous i.e
which has its own light.

• Rest of the planets reflect the light received from Sun.

7.Sun

• It’s the heaviest among solar system

• It is a ball of hot, burning gases.
• It is the nearest star to the earth.
• The light from the Sun takes appx. 8 minutes to reach Earth.
• It is the source of all energy for life on Earth.
• About three quarters of the Sun's mass consists of hydrogen, while the rest is mostly
helium.

8.Planets

o The word Planet comes from Greek, which means wandering star.
 o Planets are heavenly bodies, which revolve around the Sun in elliptical orbits.
o Earlier it was considered there were 9 planets in Solar system but lately one
planetcalled Pluto was de-classified from being a planet.
 All planets fall in 2 groups
o Inner Planets: Mercury , Venus, Mars and Earth are called inner planets.
o Outer Planets: These are Jupiter , Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.

 Between Inner & Outer Planets, there is a ring of small bodies , which are made of rock &
metal, these are called Asteroids. They also keep moving around the Sun .This ring is
also called Asteroids Belt.

9. Earth

 It is also known as blueplanet, because 70% of its surface is covered by water.

 It reflects about 1/3rd of sunlight it receives.
 Only planet having life.
 It orbits the Sun once in about 365 Earth days.
 It rotates about its own axis, thus creating day & night. It takes 24 hours to do that.
 It revolves around sun, due to its tilt, seasonsare created.
 Due to gravity, the layer of gases remain attached to it (which is known as atmosphere),
it prevents too much heat or UV rays from Sun reaching earth.
 Moon is the only satellite of the Earth.

10. Moon

Moon, Earth’s sole natural satellite and nearest large celestial body. Known since
prehistoric times, it is the brightest object in the sky after the Sun.

The phases of the moon starting with the New Moon are:

 New Moon
 Waxing Crescent
  First Quarter
 Waxing Gibbous
 Full
 Waning Gibbous
 Third Quarter
 Waning Crescent
 Dark Moon

SUB: COMPUTERS CHAPTER: USING MAIL MERGE

Chapter’s name : Using mail merge

 Mail merge is a feature within most data processing applications that enables users to
send a similar letter or document to multiple recipients.

The mail merging process generally requires the following steps:

 Creating a Main Document and the Template.

 Creating a Data Source.
 Defining the Merge Fields in the main document.
 Merging the Data with the main document.
 Saving/Exporting.
 Data Source

The data source is a document, spreadsheet or database that contains personalized

information such as names, addresses, and phone numbers.

 Main Document

The Main Document can be a Form Letter, Labels, Email, or Directory.

 The mail merge process involves taking information from one document, known as
the data source, combining with another document known as the main document.
 Merge Field When editing or creating a mail merge document, the merge fields may
appear with brackets .

Computer Languages

A. Multiple Choice Questions:

1. A program written in the assembly language is called .....................................

Assembler Source Program Object Program

2. An .................................. converts a high-level language program into machine

language, line by line.

Assembler Compiler Interpreter

3. The program converted into machine language by the translator is called an

...............................

Source Program Object Program Assembler

4. The term software was first used by ............................

John McCarthy John W. Tukey John von Neumann

Answers: 1. a) Assembler 2. c) Interpreter 3. b) Object Program 4. b) John W. Tuke

B. Fill in the blanks :

1. A ....................... is a set of instructions, which tells the computer what to do.

2. The development of computer languages can be classified into............................

categories.

3. ........................... language consists of binary numbers, i.e., 0 and 1.

4. .......................... convert the assembly language program into machine language.

5. ..................... language uses simple English words and Mathematical operators.

6. ............................ language uses mnemonic codes or symbols.

7. ........................ are the rules governing the formation of statements in a programming

language.

8. In binary language, 0 means ................. and 1 means ...................... state.

Answers:

1. Program
2. Four
3. Machine
4. Assemblers
5. High Level
6. Assembly
7. Syntax
8. Off, On

C. State True (T) or False ( F)

1. Machine language is the only language, which a computer understands.

True

2. Assembly language is regarded as the first generation language.

False

3. Each programming language has its own specific rules.

True

4. Compiler converts a high level language program into machine language, line by line.
False

5. High-level language program has to be converted into machine language by translator

programs.
True

6. Fortran language was designed for business users.

False

7. Programming is the process of writing specific instructions in computer language.

True

8. Machine language uses mnemonic codes.

False .
 D. Answer the following

1. What do you mean by Machine language?

Machine language is the only language that a computer understands. It is expressed in
binary form, i.e., ‘0’s and ‘1’s where 0 means ‘Off’ state and 1 means ‘On’ state.
2. How is Assembly language different from Machine language?
Assembly language uses Mnemonic codes or Symbols, whereas, Machine language
uses binary code, i.e., 0 and 1. Assembly language programs have to be converted into
machine language.
3. What are the features of a high-level language?
High-level language has the following features –
 Simple and user friendly language
 Language that is machine-independent

4. Differentiate between an interpreter and a compiler.

• An Interpreter translates line by line, whereas a Compiler translates the whole program
at once.
• The execution speed of a compiler is faster as compared to an interpreter.
• If an interpreter finds any errors, they are to be removed immediately, while a compiler
generates the object code for the program along with the list of errors.

5. List any three characteristics of the Fourth generation language.

• Highly user-friendly and independent of any operating system.

• Very high speed of execution. Designed to reduce the level of programming efforts.
• Minimum efforts from the user to obtain any information.
• Designed to reduce time and the cost of software development. In 4GL, the user has
to specify only the required output they want, while the computer determines the
sequence of instructions that will accomplish those results.

SUB: II LANG_HINDI CHAPTER: एक की ताकत

एक क क (क ) -क शलभ

क क :

CxÉ MüÌuÉiÉÉ “LMü MüÐ iÉÉMüiÉ” qÉåÇ MüÌuÉ lÉå oÉiÉÉrÉÉ Wæû ÌMü LMü MüÐ iÉÉMüiÉ MüqÉ lÉWûÏÇ WûÉåiÉÏ Wæû YrÉÉåÇÌMü
LMü-LMü ÍqÉsÉMüU WûÏ AlÉåMü oÉlÉiÉå WæÇû | LMü AMåüsÉÉ xÉÔrÉï xÉÉUå xÉÇxÉÉU MüÉå EeÉÉsÉå xÉå pÉU SåiÉÉ Wæû |
ÍqÉOèOûÏ MüÉ SÏmÉMü AÆkÉåUå MüÉå EeÉÉsÉå qÉåÇ pÉUiÉÉ Wæû AÉæU LMü oÉÔðS xÉÏmÉ qÉåÇ RûsÉMüU qÉÉåiÉÏ oÉlÉ eÉÉiÉÏ Wæû |
aÉÉðkÉÏeÉÏ lÉå xÉoÉMüÉå xÉirÉ AÉæU LMüiÉÉ MüÉ qÉWûiiuÉ xÉqÉfÉÉrÉÉ | MüÌuÉ lÉå LMü kÉUiÉÏ , LMü aÉaÉlÉ AÉæU
LMü DzuÉU MüÉ ESÉWûUhÉ SåMüU LMüiÉÉ xÉå ÍqÉsÉ- eÉÑsÉMüU UWûlÉå MüÉ xÉÇSåzÉ ÌSrÉÉ Wæû |

Write this question answer in your notebook

SUB: III LANG_HINDI CHAPTER: VARN MALA ( )
2 BARAHKHADI
* क की बारहखड़ी
क + अ = क
क + आ = क
क + इ = कक
क + ई = क
क + उ = क
क + ऊ = क
क + ऋ = क
क + ए = क
क + ऐ = क
क+ओ=क
क+औ=क
क+अ=क
क + अ : = क:
* की बारहखड़ी
ख+अ=ख
+आ=
+इ=
+ई=
+उ=
+ऊ=
+ऋ=
+ए=क
+ऐ=
+ओ=
+औ=
+अ=
+ अ: = :
SUB:II LANG_SANSKRIT CHAPTER: uÉhÉïqÉÉsÉÉ

Introduction: Sanskrit language has scripts or alphabets for writing, and

grammatical rules for sentence formation, just like any other language (English
for example). In this chapter we will get an overview of this. The details with
their grammatical rules will be covered in subsequent chapters.

Alphabets & Their Classification: In Sanskrit language Devanagari Script is

the mostly used script for writing. Most of the Sanskrit literature are in this
script. Following is the list of the alphabets in their correct order

SUB: III LANG_SANSKRIT CHAPTER: क

Here Sanskrit is a name of the language.

Varna = letter
Mala = bunch / garland
Varnamala= bunch of letters.
Specifically garland of original letters.
 - ( phonetic elements) -2

 -( ˚ ) –

 -(:)-
SUB: II LANG_KANNADA CHAPTER: zÉÆqÀتÀgÀ zÁj

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2) ¥Àæ¸ÁzÀgÀÄ CªÀjUÉ®è CμÀÖμÀÄÖ PÁ¸ÀÄ PÉÆlÖgÀÄ

3) «zÁåyðUÀ½UÉ §Ä¢Þ, PÀ°¸À®Ä vÁªÉà M0zÀÄ zÁj PÀ0qÀÄ PÉÆ0qÀgÀÄ.

4) M0¢§âgÀÄ ¥Á°±ï ºÁQ¹PÉÆ0qÀÆ DVvÀÄÛ.

(¥Á°±ï, PÁ¸ÀÄ, PÁUÀzÀzÀ ZÀÆgÀÄ, vÀ¦à£À, zÁj)

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1. gÁμÀÖç¥Àw: C§Äݯï PÀ¯Á0 £ÀªÀÄä gÁμÀÖç¥ÀwUÀ¼ÁVzÀÝgÀÄ.

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4. eÁ«ÄAiÀiÁ «Ä°AiÀiÁ J°èzÉ?

GvÀÛgÀ: eÁ«ÄAiÀiÁ «Ä°AiÀiÁ zɺÀ°AiÀÄ°èzÉ.

5. eÁQÃgï ºÀĸÉãÀgÀÄ «zÁåyðUÀ½UÉ §Ä¢ÞPÀ°¸À®Ä AiÀiÁªÀ ªÉÃμÀ ºÁQzÀgÀÄ?

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ºÁQzÀgÀÄ.
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1. “£ÉÆÃr ªÀÄPÀ̼Éà ¥ÀĸÀÛPÀUÀ¼ÀÄ eÁÕ£À ¨sÀ0qÁgÀ”

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2. “vÁvÀ, £ÁªÀÅ E£ÀÆß ªÀÄÄ0zÉ J0zÀÆ ¥ÀĸÀÛPÀUÀ¼À ¥ÀÄlUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ºÀjAiÀÄĪÀÅ¢®è”.

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¥Àæ¸ÁzÀjUÉ ºÉýzÀgÀÄ.

SUB: III LANG_KANNADA CHAPTER: PÀ£ÀßqÀ ªÀtðªÀiÁ¯É

SUB: II LANG_FRENCH CHAPTER: UN COUP D’OEIL SUR LA FRANCE

SUB: III LANG_FRENCH CHAPTER: BIENVENUE EN FRANCE