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The Normal Distribution
The Normal Distribution
categories of classification:
1. Mesokurtic
2. Leptokurtic
3. Platykurtic
The Normal Distribution
1-MESOKURTIC
1. Kurtosis is typically measured with respect to
the normal distribution.
2. A distribution that has tails shaped in roughly the
same way as any normal distribution, not just
the standard normal distribution, is said to be
mesokurtic.
3. The kurtosis of a mesokurtic distribution is neither
high nor low, rather it is considered to be a baseline
for the two other classifications.
4. Besides normal distributions, binomial distributions
for which p is close to 1/2 are considered to be
mesokurtic.
The Normal Distribution
2-LEPTOKURTIC
1. A leptokurtic distribution is one that has kurtosis
greater than a mesokurtic distribution.
2. Leptokurtic distributions are sometimes identified by
peaks that are thin and tall.
3. The tails of these distributions, to both the right and
the left, are thick and heavy. Leptokurtic
distributions are named by the prefix "lepto"
meaning "skinny."
4. There are many examples of leptokurtic
distributions.
5. One of the most well known leptokurtic distributions
is Student's t distribution.
The Normal Distribution
3-PLATYKURTIC
1. The third classification for kurtosis is platykurtic.
Platykurtic distributions are those that have slender
tails.
2. Many times they possess a peak lower than a
mesokurtic distribution.
3. The name of these types of distributions come from
the meaning of the prefix "platy" meaning "broad."
4. All uniform distributions are platykurtic. In addition
to this the discrete probability distribution from a
single flip of a coin is platykurtic.
The Normal Distribution
What Is Skewness in Statistics?
The Normal Distribution
1. Some distributions of data, such as the bell curve are
symmetric.
2. This means that the right and the left of the
distribution are perfect mirror images of one another.
3. Not every distribution of data is symmetric.
4. Sets of data that are not symmetric are said to be
asymmetric.
5. The measure of how asymmetric a distribution can be
is called skewness.
6. The mean, median and mode are all measures of the
center of a set of data.
7. The skewness of the data can be determined by how
these quantities are related to one another.
The Normal Distribution
SKEWED TO THE RIGHT
Data that are skewed to the right have a long tail that
extends to the right. An alternate way of talking about a
data set skewed to the right is to say that it is positively
skewed. In this situation the mean and the median are
both greater than the mode. As a general rule, most of the
time for data skewed to the right, the mean will be greater
than the median. In summary, for a data set skewed to the
right:
1. Always: mean greater than mode
2. Always: median greater than mode
3. Most of the time: mean greater than median
The Normal Distribution
The Normal Distribution
SKEWED TO THE LEFT
•The situation reverses itself when we deal with data skewed to the
left.
•Data that are skewed to the left have a long tail that extends to the
left.
•An alternate way of talking about a data set skewed to the left is to
say that it is negatively skewed.
•In this situation the mean and the median are both less than the
mode. As a general rule, most of the time for data skewed to the
left, the mean will be less than the median. In summary, for a data
set skewed to the left:
1. Always: mean less than mode
2. Always: median less than mode
3. Most of the time: mean less than median
The Normal Distribution
The Normal Distribution
So, when is the skewness too much? The rule of thumb seems to
be:
fairly symmetrical
KURTOSIS
1. “Kurtosis is the degree of peakedness of a distribution”
2. “We use kurtosis as a measure of peakedness (or flatness)”