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Sap (TSCM60)
Sap (TSCM60)
SAP stands for Systems Applications and Products in Data Processing. Basically,
German software, It is the third largest company in the world.
SAP system is a business software package designed to integrate all areas of a
business. SAP R/3 is an old name of SAP ERP, R stands for Real time data processing
and 3 for the three-tier arc.
It has three tier client/server architecture:
1. Presentation Layer 2. Application Layer 3. Database Layer
>> SAP SD - Sales and Dictribution: Sales and Distribution Module is a part of SAP
logistics Module that manages customer relationship starting from raising a
quotation to sales order
and billing of the product or service. The SD module consists of all master data,
system configuration, and transactions to complete the sales and logistics
processes.
-- Before the sample company confirms an order for a customer, the system checks
from which delivering plant the corresponding material is to be delivered and
whether sufficient stock is
available.
------Sales Processes-----
>> Presales Activities:
- A sales and distribution process may be triggered by specific marketing and
presales measures (such as direct mailing campaigns, Internet campaigns, trade fair
sales activities,
or telephone campaigns)
- A possible result of such campaigns could be a nonbinding customer inquiry or a
request for a quotation.
>> Procurement:
- Before the ordered material can be delivered to the customer, it has to be
procured.
The way in which a material is procured for a customer order can depend on the
material itself as well as on the sales transaction.
- The material can be procured
1. directly from stock;
2. by replenishment from a vendor (via purchase requisition / purchase order);
3. by replenishment through own production (via planned order / production order).
>> Shipping:
- In Sales and Distribution, the creation of outbound deliveries is necessary to
begin the distribution subprocess.
- The delivery document controls, supports, and monitors numerous process steps,
such as:
1. Picking and confirming via transfer orders.
2. Packing.
3. Transport planning and monitoring via shipment documents.
4. Posting the goods issue.
- Outbound deliveries are normally created with reference to one or more sales
orders.
- To support the picking of the materials from the warehouse, transfer orders are
created (based on the information within the delivery). The transfer order is
essential for
controlling the goods movements within a warehouse.
>> Billing:
- After the completion of the distribution process, the creation of billing
documents can be done.
- This can be executed with reference to one or more outbound deliveries or with
reference to sales orders.
- The billing document serves several important functions:
1. It is the sales and distribution document that acts as the basis for creating
invoices.
2. It serves as a data source for financial accounting to help you to monitor and
process customer payments.
- When a billing document is being created, the General Ledger accounts are
normally determined automatically and the relevant data is posted.
Doing so, the system carries out the following:
1. A debit posting on the customer’s receivables account.
2. A credit posting on the revenue account.
>> Payment:
The incoming payment from the customer is recorded within the accounting
department. The data on the relevant General Ledger accounts is then posted
automatically:
1. A debit posting on the cash account.
2. A credit memo on the customer’s receivables account.
-- Contacts and actions are documents for sales support within presales.
-- Inquiries, quotations, contracts, scheduling agreements and standard orders are
examples of sales document types.
-- The documents within a sales and distribution process are linked to each other
via the document flow.
>> Structure of delivery documents: A delivery document is grouped into two levels:
header and item level.
- The data for the document header is valid for the entire document. This includes,
for example, data for the ship-to party and deadlines for shipping processing.
- Each item in the delivery document contains its own data. This includes, for
example, data about the material, quantities, weights, and stock information.
>> Picking: To outline the picking process within SAP ERP, SAP recommends the usage
of transfer orders.
- Transfer orders for picking are always relevant for one warehouse number and are
created based on outbound deliveries.
- The system can combine more than one outbound delivery in a group of transfer
orders, provided the same warehouse number is used.
- The selection of outbound deliveries can be further restricted via the picking
date and the choice of certain shipping points.
- to create transfer order: Logistics > Sales and Distribution > Shipping and
Transportation > Picking > Create > Transfer Order > Single Document.
>> Posting Goods Issue: Posting the goods issue often is the final step within the
shipping process. When the goods issue is posted, the following is carried out
automatically:
- Inventory management: The quantity in inventory management and the delivery
requirements in materials planning are updated.
- Balance sheet accounts: The value change in the balance sheet accounts for
inventory accounting is posted.
- Financial accounting: The system creates further documents for financial
accounting.
- Billing due list: The billing due list is generated.
- Status update: The status in all associated sales documents is updated.
- Posting goods issue: Logistics > Sales and Distribution > Shipping and
Transportation > Post Goods Issue > Outbound Delivery Single Document.
>> Billing Document Structure: A billing document is grouped into two levels:
header and item level. The data is distributed across these levels as follows:
- The data for the document header is valid for the entire document. This includes,
for example, data about the payer and billing date.
- Each item in the billing document contains its own data. This includes, for
example, details about the material, billing quantities, and net values for the
items.
1. The status in all related sales, delivery, and billing documents is updated.
2. The sales statistics in the sales information system are updated.
3. The data regarding the consumption of the customer's credit limit is updated.
4. Condition Master Data for pricing information: Relavant for the automatic
pricing, such as material price or customer discount.(SS - 12,13,14,15)
For Creating: Logistics > Sales and Distribution > Master Data > Conditions >
Select using condition type > Create.
5. Output Master Data: Output are used to send information to the customer via
various media. such as mail, EDI or Fax. e.g., Printout of a quotation or an order
confirmation.(SS - 17)
- In the output master data, you define the transmission medium, the time of a
transmission creation and the partner function for an output type.
- To display output master data for a particular sales document type:
logistics > Sales and distribution > Master Data > Output > Sales Document >
Display.
- To see, what are all the outputs available for an order:
logistics > Sales and Distribution > Sales > Order > Display > Open any one sales
order > More > Extras > Output > Header > Edit.
6. Common Master Data (SS - 18 ): If you do not need the master data, customer or
condition master data to be differentiated acc to division, you have to setup a
representative division.
- The master data in the representative division applies to all divisions for which
you have setup this reference. By doing this, you can minimize the efforts of
maintaining of master data.
- Incompletion Log: This is just a check whether you document is complete or not.
How to do incompleteness check for the order?: Logistics > Sales and Distribution >
Sales > Information System > Orders > Incomplete Orders > Status Group - 01 >
execute.
>> Complete and partial deliveries: some people prefer partial deliveries and some
prefer complete deliveries. (SS - 41,42)
- If the partial delivery field is empty in the shipping then you can do partial
delivery.
>> Automatic Data Determination and shipment scheduling:
2. to check the next option, go back, click Environment > Partner > Display ship-
to-party > Then click Sales area data > click shipping tab, if the delivery plant
is mentioned here, then
the plant is determined from the ship-to-party, if not, check the material master.
- shipping points per delivering plant (SS - 22, 23): Delivering plant + Shipping
conditions + Loading Group (Material Master)
To check which value from the three criteria have been used to automatically
determine shipping point:
Click shipping point in the all items menu > Goto > Header > Shipping > See the
shipping condition & we saw the delivery plant is 1000 > back > select item >
Environment > Display Material
> Click Sales: General tab > you will see the loading group value in Shipping data
- Route Determination (SS - 24, 25): Departure zone of the shipping point +
Shipping conditions + Transportation group + Transportation zone of the ship-to-
party
>> Backward scheduling (SS - 26): The system uses the longer of these two times
when scheduling deliveries. you get your product in the exact delivery date.
>> Forward scheduling (SS - 99): The confirmed delivery data is determined on the
basis of the new material availability date. you get your product as soon as
possible.
>> To change ship-to-party for different materials, double click on the material >
select Partners > Click ship-to-party partner field > Route and taxes will be
changed > Click redetermine
>> To see various dates, double click on material > Select schedule lines > select
the confirmed delivery date > Select shipping which is below the dates table.
- Create collective processing of documents due for delivery: Logistics > Sales and
Dist. > Shipping and Transp. > Outbound delivery > Create > Collective processing
of Documents Due >
Sales orders > Then Enter the delivery creation date "to" Field > to include two
ship-to-party no, you'll choose multiple selection in the ship-to-party line > Then
click Execute.
Since this sales order consists of two items with different ship-to-parties, the
items in this sales order must be processed further using two outbound deliveries.
Now, select the orders you want to process > then click Background > outbound
delivery got created, note the group no in collective processing log.
- To display collective processing log: Double click "Collective Processing Logs" >
Program > Execute > The group no is displayed in the first column of the log.
>> Collective processing for posting goods issue: To do this, select all the
outbound deliveries for which goods issue is ready to be posted using selection
criteria such as the forwarding
agent or route.
- item catagory determination: Criteria for the item catagory determination are the
Sales document type, the item category group, and usage.
>> Blocks (SS - 44): In sales order you can Block Billing and Delivery. You can set
a billing block in Document Header and in the individual items.
- To block, go to sales order, in the sales section, you will see the Delivery
Block and Billing Block options, Set it from the drop down, the reasons are
mentioned in the options.
>> Item Rejection (SS - 45): If a customer does not want some of the items in a
quotation, you can assign a reason for rejection to those items. As a result, the
items get a completed status and
the business transaction can be completed without deleting the items. Reason for
rejection option is present in the Header Level.
-- You can check the status by: Display Sales order > Document Flow > Click on the
standard order > Click Status Overview > Expand items
>> Basic Functions (SS - 50): You must configure some of the basic sales functions
for the sales documents, some of the basic sales function are as follows:
- Partner Determination
- Pricing
- Incompleteness
- Free goods
- Material Determination
- Requirements transfer
- Delivery Scheduling
- Output
- Text determination
- Credit management
>> Sales document types (SS - 51): System provides various sales document type to
represent business processes, e.g.- SS-51
- Define a sales document type: in SPRO > Sales and Distribution > Sales > Sales
document > Sales document header > Define Sales Docuemnt types > You can enter new
entry here or you can
copy with reference.
- When you Make enterprise structure, you copy the original sales document types to
another type and make changes into that.
- You can change partner function in procedure or add another entry in Basic
Function Option of SPRO.
>> Item catagory (ss - 58, 967): item catagory is the one which controls items
- For giving goods for free, Set the material in the item level, set the quantity
then enter the higher level line item no (The item no for which you are giving free
goods).
then if you select that free goods and go to it's condition, you will see the net
value will be 0.00 EUR.
- To view the values maintained in the item catagory: SPRO > Sales and Distribution
> Sales > Sales Documents > Sales Document Item > Define Item Catagory > Position >
Search and check.
>> Schedule Line Catagory(SS - 60, 61): It is meant for controlling the schedule
lines.
- Schedule line catagory is defined by two character key, the first character in
the key indicates the sales process in which the schedule line catagory is used.
The second character indicates what happens to the schedule line within logistics.
- Define/Assign schedule lines: SPRO > Sales and distribution > Sales > Sales
Documents > Schedule Lines > Define or Assign Schedule line Catagory.
>> Data Flow (SS - 62 to 70): Information is transfered from the preceding document
to the subsequent document.
- Creating a sales documents with reference: The creation of sales documents with
reference to preceding documents helps to build document flows, which in turn
describe business processes.