Hazel V.

Calde
Educ 201
February 1, 2021

EDUC 201 – FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION

Comprehensive Examination Questionnaire

1. How did the American Education progress in the Philippines?

American soldiers were sent to the Philippines to defeat the Spaniards during the Spanish-
American War. In 1898, the Americans were in control of the Philippines and re-opened
schools. The first teachers were the American soldiers and the medium of instruction is English.

For the Americans education is very important. In education, American values and culture will
be spread to the Filipinos especially the English language. In this way the national identity and
Filipino nationalism will be formed.

Education in the American era was the means of educating Filipinos to live life in a democratic
way. Education should be universal and free for all regardless of age, religion, and socio-
economic status of a person.

In American period the public primary school and intermediate school was established which
provided free public education. Thomasites, a group of professionals were sent to the
Philippines to teach English language.

Act No. 372 was established to require all provinces in the country to maintain a provincial high
school. In 1901, the Philippine Normal School was founded to train teachers and the University
of the Philippines was established in 1908.

The main focus of education in the American Era was to educate Filipinos a democratic way
Of life, moral character, citizenship, and the basics of vocational education.

American Influences in the education system of the Philippines are using English as the medium
of instruction, providing formal education – primary, secondary, and tertiary and vocational
education.

2. Why is culture considered as an establish pattern of behavior?

Behavior is determined by culture while culture is determined by behavior. Shared beliefs,

norms, values, and social practices are cultural patterns shared by groups of people in the same
environment. It provides us with a blue print of living life. People living in the same environment
learn and acquire the culture. Through culture norms, laws, and the way how people should
respond are controlled. Set of rules are provided to ensure peace and safety among individuals
in an environment.

This can also be supported by motivational theory such as Maslow’s theory which explains the
need of humans to follow a path of physiological needs for safety, love and belonging, self -
esteem and self-actualization.

3. How does knowledge of culture improve educational practices?

What people do and believed in is defined by their culture. Culture defines character, standard,
and expectations for behavior which becomes the foundation of a person’s character. It
influences the preference of individuals in almost everything that they do that is why it is
important to apply appropriate learning and teaching styles.

An educational institution based on a positive school culture that values high academic
achievement and positively molding the character of a student will produce students that can fit
in any given situation. Through awareness and action of the educational institution, culture can
be used to enhance student achievement and learning.

4. What is academic freedom? Identify the rights of the teacher, the rights of the educational
institution, and the rights of the students contained in the provision for academic freedom.

Educational institution has the right to determine and identify its mission, vision, and goals free
from any government intervention while academic freedom for teachers and students gives
them freedom to teach, study, and pursue knowledge and research with no restrictions,
repression, loss of job, or imprisonment.

5. Is growth and development one and the same? Defend your answer.

Growth is evident in physical change which is an increase in size. Development is seen to the
gradual transformation of a person like a development of a skill. Erickson’s theory of
psychosocial development describes the growth and change throughout life and focusing on
social interaction and conflicts that will arise in different stages of development. Growth and
development both promotes increase in something but each has its own focused of
development.

6. What are the similarities of conflict and competition as a social process?

Similarity of conflict and competition is proven in Charles Darwin’s theory of survival of the
fittest. Every person is different which leads to conflict in our perspectives or beliefs. Members
of the family come to a disagreement when trying to achieve a common goal which may lead to
conflict. There will also be competition when siblings compete with each other for recognition
and respect from their parents or other family members.

7. Can freedom and responsibility go against each other? Support your answer.

Freedom and responsibility go together. If responsibility is done freedom is given. From the
education world article, anew teacher advisor practiced freedom and responsibilities. Students
have the freedom to go to the bathroom with permission, socialized and interact with their
classmates, take a short break as long as their work is completed on time, done in a neat
manner and respectful of others.

The goal of the teacher is to empower students to take part in their learning while being
accountable of their behavior.

8. Why do some government-run institutions do not have religious instruction in their curricula?
The students’ rights to pray, express their religious beliefs at school, and wear religious symbols
are protected but are not allowed in some schools specifically in public schools as this may lead
in conflicts. In a report published in 2007 Protestants and Catholics are frequently in conflict
over bible reading and praying publicly in schools. They argue which bible and prayer should be
used in the classroom. These resulted in violence which have led to death and burning of
Catholic churches.