Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Backup of Introduction To China
Backup of Introduction To China
Backup of Introduction To China
aspects
Clean Government
People’s Republic of China
After Hu Jintao came to power, fire eradicates corruption again. The Chinese
ruler warned his members that corruption threatened the party in power. For
him, CCP power can not be considered a mere necessity, while the
anticorruption movement is a "life and death struggle" for the communist
party.
Hu's anger over corruption cases can be understood. Economic reforms that
tend to be capitalistic which is not followed by democratic political reforms,
has made the elite ruling party liberal wealth. This is exacerbated by the
absence of civil society control and the press. It has been reported that at
least 4,000 corrupt officials have left China in the past 20 years with a
staggering at least US $ 50 billion.
Without Democration
Currently China is implementing three steps to combat corruption, namely
improving the bureaucratic system, increasing the investigation of civil
servants, and overseeing power. Supervision at the level of government
administration conducted by the Ministry of Supervision, while internal
controls in the party body run by the Directorate of Discipline.
Although President Hu wants to ensure his legitimacy by responding to public
demands to root out corruption, he has not shown his willingness to reform his
political system. Naturally, if the efforts of anti-corruption movement he did
seem only political tendency to get rid of click Jiang that still controlling assets
and power.
However, democracy, including press freedom, is a key pillar of corruption
eradication. Hu Jintao's wishes to defend the party's monolithic power on the
grounds of avoiding western-style democracy must be counter-productive with
the eradication of corruption. Because without involving the press, the people,
and civil society organizations in oversight, the anti-corruption movement will
not work effectively and will always be filled with political interests.
People’s Republic of Indonesia
Indonesia is second most corrupt in Asean, third in Asia and sixth in the world.
The results of the International Transparency survey released in Jakarta
Tuesday 7/10/2003 mention Indonesia with Kenya is the sixth most corrupt
country in the world from 133 countries with corruption perception index value
1.9 from the range of values 1 to 10. In the Asean Indonesia region is the
most corrupt, except compared to Myanmar. While in Asia, only Bangladesh
and Myanmar are more corrupt than Indonesia.
Although not yet complete, but efforts to eradicate corruption, collusion and
nepotism (KKN) in Indonesia began to show results. According to Hong Kong-
based ratings agency, Political and Economic Risk Consultancy (PERC), in
the perception of expatriate entrepreneurs in Asia, Indonesia is no longer
considered a corrupt country.
Performance Bureaucracy
People’s Republic of China
In 1979 China decided to liberalize the financial sector by utilizing the bank's
presence. Development funds that previously relied on government budget
allocations, began to be handed over to banking institutions, which were also
part of an introduction to the relatively more effective market mechanisms of
credit allocations. In addition, the government decentralizes the authority of
local governments to develop local economies, the introduction of the law by
allowing the private sector to own companies, and the launching of
competition policies, to attract foreign direct investment so as to lower import
tariffs, remove SOE monopolies in exports and end the dual currency
exchange system.
In 2001 the direction of the economy using the market mechanism model was
continued by becoming a member of the WTO. In 2004 it emphasized the role
of non-SOEs as the main base of the economy with new regulations to protect
private asset expropriation. In 2005 the private sector was free of business
infrastructure, public services and finance, which had previously been
banned. In addition to the above reforms there are also non-economic
reforms, education where all citizens receive nine years of primary education
and the number of students entering higher education rose 3.5 times in 2003
with a stronger emphasis on technical education. Workers' wages are
improving as economic activity gets bigger. Later, a policy on tax reduction
and eradication of illegal levies in rural areas was raised to raise revenues.
People’s Republic of Indonesia
In its development, bureaucratic organization began to be colored by
uncertainty due to the role of political parties that compete with each other
very dominant, political parties began to do the building block of power
through the poses of strategic ministries in the government as a resource for
the sustainability of the political parties concerned, the recruitment program
the bureaucracy participates in rampant spoil system from appointment,
placement, promotion and other employment instruments not based on
criteria of judgment but on the basis of political considerations, groups and
other elements outside the bureaucratic duty.
After 1998 known as the reform movement then through Government
Regulation No. 5 of 1999 on the existence of civil servants as members of
political parties and then amended through Government Regulation No. 12 of
1999 which makes civil servants re-closed from the possibility to take part as
a membership in any political party.
Global Competitiveness
People’s Republic of China
The cost of raw materials is low, this makes the cost of cheap production and
efficient production (economies of scale). The people consume the goods
themselves. They do not want to buy imported ones because they are
expensive. Equitable distribution of income, due to centralized economic
planning. Mass production at low cost makes China the world's largest
exporter today. A good exchange rate is offset by purchasing power, but
China's economy is better supported by exports, not consumption. The large
number of people makes China has cheap labor. Large economic growth
makes China very ogled other countries to invest.
People’s Republic of Indonesia
Although rich in natural resources, but for certain production there are raw
materials that must be imported from abroad, whereas the potential of
domestic inputs can be optimized. It tends to be consumptive and prefers to
buy imported goods instead of those produced by the state itself, regardless
of whether the price is expensive or not because of prestige. There are still
many economic disparities between rich and poor, the level of income
between regions is also lame. Indonesia's exports are quite significant for
some commodities, but imports are also large, so the net surplus is small
even there is a deficit. The rupiah exchange rate is quite stable with
increasing purchasing power and middle class consumption, but uneven
purchasing power in every region. Indonesian population is also many, but the
comparative advantage in low wages has been less competitive. Although
Indonesia's investment rating rose to investment grade, there are several
things that must be addressed such as infrastructure, security, etc.