Disaster Readiness and Risk

Reduction
Rain Gamboa Grade 12 - GAS

Quiz 2
Write TRUE if the statement is correct and write FALSE if the statement is wrong.
1) FALSE - Avalanches cannot be prevented.
2) FALSE - Tornadoes occur only on low-lying ground.
3) FALSE - Only North America experiences tornadoes.
4) FALSE - Europe has never been struck by a hurricane.
5) TRUE - Most earthquake activity occurs close to Earth’s surface.
6) TRUE - A typhoon is a kind of cyclone.
7) FALSE - Tectonic plates move very quickly.
8) FALSE - Scientists can predict exactly when a volcanic eruption will occur.
9) FALSE - Wildfires are beneficial.
10) TRUE - An earthquake is known as a photonic disaster.
11) TRUE - Grass and forests tend to promote bushfires.
12) FALSE - Bushfires are only caused by humans.
13) FALSE - Floods are always caused by heavy rainfall.
14) TRUE - A tropical cyclone has a high-pressure center.
15) TRUE - Tropical cyclones form over warm waters.
16) TRUE - Dust storms are common in arid regions.

Write the word/s of the correct answer.

1. What is a drought?
●The shortage of water for an excessive period of time.
●A year without water/rain.
●A week without rain.
●5 days with no precipitation.
2. Which option is true?
●Drought can only occur in dry, arid areas.
●Drought can occur in any climate. ●Drought
can affect wet climates.
3. What can drought cause?
●Diseases ●Hunger
●Thirst ●All of the
above
4. Which of the following is a type of flooding?
 ●Seawater Flooding ●Excess Flooding ●Wave
Flooding ●Drainage Flooding
5. What is the flood?
●Excess water
●Heavy rainfall
●An overflow of water that submerges land
●An excessive depth of water

6. Why are tropical cyclones given names?

●Because the forecasters need to
●Because it is used for reporting on the news
●Because it helps with forecasting, tracking and reporting
●Because it is needed for research
7. What color are dust storms usually?
●Red/orange ●Brown
●Yellow/mustard ●Grey
8. What isn't a requirement for severe storms to develop?
●Moist/humid air ●An unstable atomosphere
●Rainfall ●An area of low pressure
9. What is the study of earthquakes called?
●Phorosics ●Etomology
●Seismology ●Earthology
10. What is the center of the hurricane called?
●belly ●eye wall
●eye ●circle
11. Hurricanes gather ______________ and ______________ through contact with warm ocean
waters.
●sand, dust ●fish, plants ●heat,
Sun ●heat, energy
12. What is a climatic hazard?
●A hazard that occurs when the Earth's crust moves
●A hazard that occurs when a region has certain weather conditions
●A climate that occurs when the climate becomes too hot and causes a drought
13. What is a tectonic hazard?
●A hazard that occurs when the Earth's crust moves
●A hazard that occurs when a region has certain weather conditions
●A hazard that is caused by human activities
14. What would the likely short-term impacts of a climatic hazard be on a developing country?
●A high death toll and high economic cost
●A low death toll and high economic cost
●A high death toll and low economic cost
15. What factor can influence the impacts of the hazard?
●Human activities
 ●The convection currents of the Earth's mantle
●Atmospheric conditions
16. Which hazard can only occur in specific areas?
●Flooding ●Droughts
●Tornadoes

17. What does the Pacific Tsunami Warning System use to detect tsunamis? ●radio signals in
the air ●ripples in the water ●sensors on the ocean floor
●behavior of marine animals
18. Which is the BEST way you can help prepare for natural disasters?
●Watch your pets for any unusual behavior.
●Always carry a pint of water with you.
●Keep the windows of your house closed at all times. ●Make an
emergency supply kit with your family.
19. To stay safe from volcanoes, it is important for people to test
●evacuation routes. ●mudflow speed.
●soil temperatures ●tsunami systems
20. What technologies currently exist to mitigate the effect of hurricanes?
●There is currently no technology
●Build buildings in circles with surrounding walls
●Build buildings out of renewable resources
●Elevate buildings and cities; build flood walls
21. Rock underground suddenly breaks along a fault causing tectonic movement, causing what
natural hazard?
●Volcanic Eruption ●Cyclone
●Earthquake ●Hurricane
22. What is the difference between a natural hazard and a natural disaster?
●They are exactly the same
●A hazard is what could happen, a disaster is after it has an impact on humans
●I disaster is what could happen, a hazard is after it has an impact on humans
●Hurricanes and tsunamis are natural disasters, but earthquakes and volcanoes are hazards
23. Strange animal behavior, such as toads fleeing an area, could be an indicator that
____________ is about to occur.
●a volcanic eruption ●a tsunami
●a hurricane ●an earthquake
24. A seismograph can be used to measure and study what?
●Volcanic eruptions ●Earthquakes
●Tsunamis ●All of the above
25. Flooding, property damage, fatalities, and fires are all effects of what natural hazard?
●Tsunamis and Earthquakes ●Volcanoes and Tornados
●Hurricanes and Earthquakes ●Tsunamis and Hurricanes
26. A tiltmeter is a tool used to study what?
 ●Tsunamis ●Earthquakes
●Volcanoes ●Hurricanes

27. Reshaping new land, debris avalanches, destroyed forests, and death to many animals are all
effects of what natural hazard?
●Hurricane ●Earthquake
●Volcanic Eruption ●Tsunami
28. What is the best way to collect data from a hurricane?
●satellite images ●flying an airplane into the storm
●ocean buoys ●ground stations
29. A huge undersea earthquake off the Alaskan coastline could produce what natural hazard?
●Tsunami ●Cyclone
●Hurricane ●Drought
30. What force causes landslides?
●inertia ●gravity
●mass ●magnetism
31. When large amounts of water quickly overflow a boundary, a ___________ has occurred.
●flash flood ●regular flood
●landslide

Answer the questions

1. Define and give examples of each of the following types of hazard
(a) geologic hazard,
- an extreme natural events in the crust of the earth that pose a threat to life and
property, for example, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis (tidal waves) and
landslides.
(b) atmospheric hazard,
- include things such as oxygen deficiencies, dusts, chemical vapors, welding
fumes, fogs, and mists that can interfere with the bodies ability to transport and
utilize oxygen, or that have negative toxicological effects on the human body.
(c) catastrophic hazard,
- events that – though unlikely – could cause widespread loss of life, or significant
environmental harm, resulting also in major reputational or financial damage.
(d) rapid onset hazard,
- occur quickly and with little warning. Volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, flash
floods, and landslides are examples of  rapid onset hazards.
(e) anthropogenic hazard
- caused by human action or inaction. They are contrasted with
natural hazards. Anthropogenic hazards may adversely affect humans, other
organisms, biomes, and ecosystems.
(f) slow oneset hazard, .
 - drought, insect infestations, and disease epidemics take months or years to
develop

2. Explain how poverty and affluence can play a role in increasing vulnerability to natural
hazards.
- poor rural livelihoods are highly exposed and vulnerable to weather ,related to hazards
and have a low resilience and loose because they have little and no surplus capacity to
observe life stock or crop income looses and to recover poverty and disaster Risk are also
pervesive in urban areas

3. What is the difference between hazard assessment and risk assessment?

- A  hazard  is something that can cause harm, e.g. electricity, chemicals, working up a
ladder, noise, a keyboard, a bully at work, stress, etc. A   risk  is the chance, high or low, that
any  hazard  will actually cause somebody harm

4. What factors determine the effectiveness of warning systems?

-The timeliness of the  warning, Effective communications and public
information  systems  to inform the public of the imminent danger, The credibility of the
sources from which the  warning  came.

5. Explain the difference between primary, secondary, and tertiary effects of possible hazards.
-PrimaryEffects occur as a result of the process itself. For example water damageduring a
flood or collapse of buildings during an earthquake, landslide, or hurricane.
-SecondaryEffects occur only because a primary effect has caused them. For example, fires
ignited as a result of earthquakes, disruption of electrical power and water service asa
result of an earthquake, flood, or hurricane, or flooding caused by a landslide into a lake or
river.
-TertiaryEffects are long-term effects that are set off as a result of a primary event.
Theseinclude things like loss of habitat caused by a flood, permanent changes in the
position ofriver channel caused by flood, crop failure caused by a volcanic eruption etc.

6. What is the relationship between size of natural events, disasters, and frequency of disasters?
- A natural hazard is a threat of a naturally occurring event will have a negative effect on
humans.   This negative effect is what we call a natural disaster.   In other words when the
hazardous threat actually happens and harms humans, we call the event a natural
disaster.Natural Hazards (and the resulting disasters) are the result of naturally occurring
processes that have operated throughout Earth's history.
- A return period, also known as a recurrence interval or repeat interval is an estimate of
the likelihood of an event, such as an earthquake, flood, landslide, or a river discharge
flow to occurs

7. What is the concept of recurrence interval?

- an average time or an estimated average time between events such as earthquakes, floods,
landslides, or a river discharge flows to occur.
8. What might be responsible for the apparent increase in recent years of the number of natural
disasters and the economic losses due to natural disasters?
-   Climate change is major  responsible  for the frequent  natural calamities. Explanation:
Recently there is  increase  in floods, droughts, forest fires, landslides, volcanic eruptions,
etc.