Q#1

Reasons
 The main reason of a distributed shared memory system is to make inter-process
communications transparent to end-users.
 it is cheaper to have a single high-end reliable storage facility be shared then
having to buy and maintain storage for each user separately.
 An important goal of a distributed system is to make it easy for users (and
applications) to access and share remote resources.

Issues
 question processing deals with designing algorithms that examine queries and
convert them into a series of statistics manipulation operations. The hassle is how
to determine on a strategy for executing every question over the network inside
the most value-effective manner, but fee is described.
 information blocks migrate between nodes on demand.
 records block of the nearby reminiscence ought to get replaced by way of a brand-
new records block.
 To share statistics in a DSM device, it has to be viable to discover and retrieve the
records accesses by way of a person process.

Q#2
Transparency is the concealment from the user and the application programmer of
the separation of components in a distributed system, so that the system is
perceived as a whole rather than as a collection of independent components.

Types
 Network transparency URLs which give no clue about the location of the server.
 Replication Transparency Example is ATM.
 Fragmentation transparency example is that when we collect data from different
sites to do transaction then all instruction complexity hides and only show single
task of instruction this is concurrency transparency.
 Performance transparency when performance is low due to any issue then this
complexity hides from user this is performance transparency.
 Q#3

Network operating system

Network operating system helps to manage data, users, groups, security and other network
related functionalities.

 LANtastic is a peer-to-peer local area network (LAN) operating system for DOS

and Microsoft Windows (and formerly OS/2). LANtastic supports Ethernet,
ARCNET and Token Ring adapters as well as its original twisted-pair adapter at 2
Mbit/s

Middleware based distributed operating system

A distributed operating system helps to share resources and collaborate via a shared network to
accomplish tasks.

 LOCUS is a distributed operating system which supports transparent access to

data through a network wide filesystem, permits automatic replication of storage.