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‫‪ ‬ﺣﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎن و ﺷﻌﺎر اﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎن‬

‫‪ ‬اﺑﻦ هﺬﻳﻞ‬
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 ‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬

‫ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‬

‫ﻭﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻭﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺻﺤﺒﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺭﲪﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻘﻪ ﺍﷲ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻹﳝﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺨﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺍﻷﻧﻌﺎﻡ ﰲ ﳏﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻔﹶﺮ‪‬ﺱ ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺎﹰ‬
‫ﻟﻜﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﺒﺪﻩ ﺍﻷﻭﺛﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻭﻣﻮﻻﻧﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻭﺁﻟﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﺎﻗﺐ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﻰ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺧﻠﻔﺎﺋﻪ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ :‬ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺆﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺰ ﺍﳌﺆﺑﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺨﻠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﺍﻟﺴﲏ‪ ،‬ﺍﳉﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﻣﻮﻻﻧﺎ ﻭﻋﺼﻤﺔ ﺩﻳﻨﻨﺎ ﻭﺩﻧﻴﺎﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﻇﻬﲑ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﻋﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻠﻚ‬
‫ﺍﳍﻤﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻲ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻴﻊ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻗﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻃﲔ ﻗﺪﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺫﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺿﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ‪ ،‬ﺫﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺟﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﻷﻣﻀﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺳﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺷﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻫﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺨﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻋﺼﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻗﺪﺭﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻗﺪﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﳒﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﱪﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺸﻬﲑ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺐ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻲ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺗﺐ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﳏﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻻﻧﺎ ﺍﳍﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻭﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺷﺮﻑ ﺍﻷﳎﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺜﻴﻞ ﺍﳋﻄﲑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺸﻬﲑ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﺍﳌﺂﺛﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻣﻲ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﲑ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﺑﺎﷲ‪ ،‬ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻫﺪ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺱ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﰊ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪ ،‬ﺑﻦ ﻣﻮﻻﻧﺎ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻈﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻠﺠﺄ ﺍﻷﻋﺼﻢ‪ ،‬ﻇﻞ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﻤﺪﻭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻴﻔﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺟﻬﺎﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺘﺮ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺪﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻼﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻓﻞ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﻴﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﺔ‪ ،‬ﺫﻭ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﻘﺒﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺰﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﻈﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﺍﳌﻤﺠﺪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻫﺪ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺭﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻐﲏ ﺑﺎﷲ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺑﻌﻮﻥ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺱ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﰊ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﳏﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻦ ﻣﻮﻻﻧﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺐ ﻭﺍﶈﺎﻣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻷﻗﻄﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻌﻈﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﺍﻷﺿﺨﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺱ ﺍﳌﻨﻌﻢ‪ ،‬ﺃﰊ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪ ،‬ﺑﻦ ﻣﻮﻻﻧﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻫﺪ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺨﺮ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻃﲔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺰ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﻛﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻌﻈﻢ‬
‫ﺍﳍﻤﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺳﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﳉﻠﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺿﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺱ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﻨﻌﻢ‪ ،‬ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻧﺼﺮ؛ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺳﻌﻮﺩﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺮﺱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﲎ ﳍﻢ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺮﺍﻡ ﻏﺮﺿﻬﻢ ﻭﻣﻘﺼﻮﺩﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻮﻻﻧﺎ ‪ -‬ﻧﺼﺮﻩ ﺍﷲ ‪ -‬ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ ﻭﺍﻹﺻﻔﺎﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﻡ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺪﺙ ﺑﺴﲑﺗﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﺎﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺸﻮﻗﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ؛ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﻣﻜﺘﻨﻒ ﺑﺴﻠﻄﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻈﻔﺮ ﻣﺒﺘﺴﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻨﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺠﺢ‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﻋﺎﻗﺪ ﻟﻮﺍﺋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﻧﺴﺞ ﺭﺩﺍﺋﻪ‪ .‬ﻓﺠﻌﻞ ﺍﷲ ‪ -‬ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ‪ -‬ﺷﻌﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﺳﻠﻮﻙ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﺎﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﺎﺩﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﰲ ﺣﺮﺯ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺰﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﱳ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﻦ ﻟﺰﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺣﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺗﻀﺢ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻧﺪﻟﺴﻲ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﺑﱪﻛﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻞ ﺍﳍﻤﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﺭﺟﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﻓﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﳏﺠﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺷﺮﻑ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﻣﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﳍﺎ ﺍﻷﺗﺒﺎﻉ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳋﻮﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﻗﺪﺭﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺷﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﱐ ﺫﻛﺮﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﳒﺢ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﻲ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻓﻊ ﻓﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻧﺒﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺟﻠﻴﻞ؛ ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻭﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻒ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺗﻠﺨﻴﺼﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺬﻳﺒﻪ ﻭﲤﺤﻴﺼﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻳﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻼﺩ ﻭﻛﻔﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻴﻞ ﻭﺳﻼﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﳜﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﺮﻩ ﻭﻳﺬﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻴﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﲨﻴﻊ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﳜﺘﺺ ﺑﺄﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺘﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏ‪ .‬ﻭﲨﻌﺖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﲨﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺍﻟﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻘﻴﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻛﻜﺘﺎﺏ "ﻳﻘﻈﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻋﺲ ﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺱ" ﻭ "ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ‪‬ﺬﻳﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻣﻌﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ" ﻭ "ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺭﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻮﺏ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﻭﺍﺡ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ" ﻭ "ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻣﻴﺎﻃﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ" ﻭ "ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ" ﻭ "ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻃﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ" ﻷﺭﺳﻄﻄﺎﻟﻴﺲ؛ ﺇﱃ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﻟﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻟﱰﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﻘﻮﻝ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻫﻨﺎ ﱂ ﺗﻜﺘﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﻟﺼﻐﺮ ﺟﺮﻣﻬﺎ ﱂ ﺗﻨﺴﺐ‪ .‬ﻓﺠﺎﺀ ﲝﻤﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬
‫ﰲ ﻓﻨﻪ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺑﺎﹰ ﺷﺎﻓﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺗﺬﻛﺮﺓ ﳌﻦ ﻋﲎ ﺑﺎﳉﻬﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﻷﺭﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﳉﻼﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﲰﻴﺘﻪ‬
‫"ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺴﻤﺘﻪ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺑﺎﹰ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﰲ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﲣﺬﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﰲ ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﰲ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻭﺻﻮ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻗﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﰲ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺴﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺷﺒﻴﻬﺎﹰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﰲ ﺃﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺮﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺠﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺋﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﳛﻤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻭﺻﻔﻪ ﺟﻴﺎﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺘﺎﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻡ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ ﰲ ﻋﻴﻮﺏ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﺧﻠﻘﺔ ﻭﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﰲ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺳﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮ ﰲ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺭﻛﻮﺏ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺣﺎﻻ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﺸﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﳋﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﻠﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻫﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻋﺸﺮ ﰲ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺧﻴﻞ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻓﺤﻮﻝ ﺧﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻭﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻋﺸﺮ ﰲ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺷﱴ ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﲣﺺ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ ﰲ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻧﺒﺬﺓ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ‪ .‬ﺇﻳﺜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻭﺇﻛﺮﺍﻣﻬﻢ ﳍﺎ ﻭﺍﻓﺘﺨﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ﻋﺸﺮ ﰲ ﺫﻛﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﻋﺸﺮ ﰲ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ ﰲ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺒﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮ ﰲ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ ﰲ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺳﺔ ﻭﺷﺒﻬﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻭﻥ ﰲ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ؛ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﺧﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﷲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺻﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺘﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺭﺏ ﺳﻮﺍﻩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬

‫ﺨﻠﻕ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻝ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺘﺨﺫﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪" :‬ﳌﺎ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻥ ﳜﻠﻖ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﺮﻳﺢ ﺍﳉﻨﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﺇﱐ ﺧﺎﻟﻖ ﻣﻨﻚ ﺧﻠﻘﺎﹰ ﻓﺄﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﻋﺰ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺬﻟﺔ ﻷﻋﺪﺍﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﲪﻰ ﻷﻫﻞ ﻃﺎﻋﱵ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺢ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﻠﻖ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺒﺾ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻀﺔ ﻓﺨﻠﻖ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﲰﻴﺘﻚ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻠﻘﺘﻚ ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻌﻠﺖ‬
‫ﺍﳋﲑ ﻣﻌﻘﻮﺩﺍﹰ ﺑﻨﺎﺻﻴﺘﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻨﺎﺋﻢ ﻣ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﻮﺯ‪‬ﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻇﻬﺮﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺰ ﻣﻌﻚ ﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ ﻛﻨﺖ‪ ،‬ﺁﺛﺮﺗﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑﻙ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻌﻠﺘﻚ ﳍﺎ ﺳﻴﺪﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻄﻔﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻌﻠﺘﻚ ﺗﻄﲑ ﺑﻼ ﺟﻨﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻧﺖ ﻟﻠﻄﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﺖ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻬﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺄﲪﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻇﻬﺮﻙ ﺭﺟﺎﻻﹰ ﻳﺴﺒﺤﻮﱐ ﻭﻳﻜﱪﻭﱐ ﻭﻳﻬﻠﻠﻮﱐ‪ ،‬ﺗﺴ‪‬ﺒِﺢ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺳﺒﺤﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻠﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻫﻠﻠﻮﺍ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻜﱪ‪ ‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﱪﻭﺍ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺴﺒﻴﺤﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻳﻬﻠﻠﻬﺎ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﺴﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﻭﲡﻴﺒﻪ ﳕﺜﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﺻﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻭﻋﺎﻳﻨﻮﺍ ﺧ‪‬ﻠﻘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﺃﻱ‪ ‬ﺭﰊ! ﳓﻦ ﻣﻼﺋﻜﺘﻚ ﻧﺴﺒ‪‬ﺤﻚ ﻭﻧﻜﱪﻙ‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﻠﻠﻚ ﻓﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﻟﻨﺎ؟ ﻓﺨﻠﻖ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻠﻤﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﺧﻴﻼﹰ ﺑﻠﻘﺎ‪ ،‬ﳍﺎ ﺃﻋﻨﺎﻕ ﻛﺄﻋﻨﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺒ‪‬ﺨ‪‬ﺖ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺪ‪ ‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﺒﻴﺎﺋﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺭﺳﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﹶﺮ‪‬ﺱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻮﺕ ﻗﺪﻣﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺻﻬﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺑﻮﺭﻛﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺍﺑﺔ! ﺃﹸﺫﻝﱡ ﺑﺼﻬﻴﻠﻚ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﻋﺐ‪ ‬ﺑﻪ ﻗﻠﻮ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﹶﻣﻸ ﺁﺫﺍ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﹸﺫﻝﱡ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻋﻨﺎﻗﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﳌﺎ ﻋ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﺩﻡ ﻣﺎ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻲﺀ‬
‫ﻓﺴﻤﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﲰﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻘﻲ ﻣﺎ ﺷﺌﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮﺕ‪ ‬ﻋﺰﻙ ﻭﻋﺰ ﻭﻟﺪﻙ‪،‬‬
‫ﺧﺎﻟﺪﺍﹰ ﻣﺎ ﺧﻠﺪﻭﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻗﻴﺎﹰ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﹸﻮﺍ؛ ﺑﺮﻛﱵ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﺧﻠﻘﺖ‪ ‬ﺧﻠﻘﺎﹰ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄﹼ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻭﲰﻪ ﺑﻐ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺓ‬
‫ﻭﲢﺠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺼﺎﺭ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻟﺪﻧﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺆﻟﻒ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺒﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﺐ ﺳﺎﺋﺴﻪ ﻭﻳﻌﺠﺐ ﺭﺍﻛﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳛﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻏﻴﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﺼﻴﺒﺔ"‪ .‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻷﺻﻤﻌﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺟﻼﹰ ﻣﻌﺘﻮﻫﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺀ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ‪ ،‬ﱂ ﲰﻴﺖ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﺧﻴﻼﹰ؟ ﻓﺒﻘﻲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺃﺩﺭﻱ!‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪ :‬ﻟﻜﲏ ﺃﺩﺭﻱ! ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﱢﻤﻨﺎ ﻧﻌﻠﻢ! ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﳍﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﻷﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻭﻟﱠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻛﺘﺒﻮﺍ ﺍﳊﻜﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﺭﻭﻭﻫﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﺘﻮﻩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻝ‬

‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻧﱯ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺧﻠﻴﻔﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺃﺭﺿﻪ ﳛﺐ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﺣﺒﺎﹰ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻳﺴﻤﻊ ﺑﻔﺮﺱ ﻳ‪‬ﺬﻛﹶﺮ ﺑﻌِﺘ‪‬ﻖٍ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺟﺮ‪‬ﻯ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺚ ﳓﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﲨﻊ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻓﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬
‫ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻗﺒﺾ ﺍﷲ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺭﺛﻪ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺟﻠﺲ ﰲ ﻣﻘﻌﺪ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻭﺭﺛﻨ‪‬ﻲ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻣﺎﻻﹰ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺿ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻫﺎ ﻭﺻﻨ‪‬ﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﺩﻋﺎ ‪‬ﺎ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻳﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻋﺮﺿﻮﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ‬ﺣﱴ ﺃﻋﺮﻓﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻴﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺃﲰﺎﺋﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻧﺴﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ﰲ ﻋﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻌﺮﺿﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺋﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﻐﻠﺘﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﻏﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻭﺗﻮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﳊﺠﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﻧﺘﺒﻪ ﻓﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻐﻔﺮ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺧﲑ ﰲ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺷ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ! ﺭ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﻭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ !‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻋ‪‬ﺮﺽ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺴﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺑﻘﻴﺖ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺩﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻄﻔﻖ ﻳﻀﺮﺏ ﺳ‪‬ﻮﻗﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻋﻨﺎﻗﻬﺎ ﺃﺳﻔﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻓﺎﺗﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﻘﻴﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻓﺮﺱ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻋ‪‬ﺮﺿﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﺣﺐ‪ ‬ﺇﱄﱠ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻓﺘﻨﺘﲏ ﻋﻦ ﺻﻼﰐ؛‬
‫ﻓﺄﻣﺴﻜﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ :‬ﻭﻭﻫﺒﻨﺎ ﻟﺪﺍﻭﺩ‪ ‬ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥﹶ ﻧِﻌ‪‬ﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺇﻧﻪ ﺃﻭ‪‬ﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋ‪‬ﺮﺽ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺸﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻓﻨﺎﺕ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﻴﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﱐ ﺃﺣﺒﺒﺖ ﺣ‪‬ﺐ‪ ‬ﺍﳋﲑ ﻋﻦ ﺫِﻛﺮ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﳊﺠﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺭ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﻭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻄﻔﻖ ﻣ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﺤﺎﹰ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻮﻕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻨﺎﻕ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺋﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﱂ ﺗﺸﻐﻠﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺗﺮﻛﹶﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺰﻝ ﻣﻌﺠﺒﺎ ‪‬ﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻗﹸﺒﺾ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﳋﻴﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻧﺴﻞ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﱯ‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻧﻪ ﺍﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻓﺮﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﳍﺎ ﺃﺟﻨﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳋﲑ؛ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻳﺮﺍﻫﻦ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﳚ‪‬ﺮﻳﻬﺎ؛ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺃﻋﺠﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺯ‪‬ﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ‬
‫ﻋ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪﻣﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺰﻭﳚﻪ ﺑﻠﻘﻴﺲ ﻣﻠﻜﺔ ﺳﺒﺄ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﺄﻟﻮﻩ ﻋﻤﺎ ﳛﺘﺎﺟﻮﻥ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺩﻳﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﺩﻧﻴﺎﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﻗﻀﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺭﺍﺩﻭﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﳘﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺼﺮﺍﻑ؛ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﻧﱯ ﺍﷲ! ﺇﻥ ﺑﻠﺪﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺷﺎﺳﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻔﹶﻀ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﹶﻤ‪‬ﺮ‪ ‬ﻟﻨﺎ ﺑﺰﺍﺩ ﻳﺒﻠﻐﻨﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻠﺪﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺪﻓﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻴﻞ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺯﺍﺩﻛﻢ! ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻧﺰﻟﺘﻢ ﻓﺎﲪﻠﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺭﺟﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﻄﻮﻩ ﻣِﻄﹾﺮ‪‬ﺩﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﻄﺒﻮﺍ ﻭﺃﻭﺭ‪‬ﻭﺍ ﻧﺎﺭﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻜﻢ ﻟﻦ‬
‫ﲡﻤﻌﻮﺍ ﺣﻄﺒﻜﻢ ﻭﺗ‪‬ﻮﺭﻭﺍ ﻧﺎﺭﻛﻢ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺄﺗﻴﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﺠﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﻻ ﻳﱰﻟﻮﻥ ﻣﱰﻻ ﺇﻻ ﲪﻠﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺮﺳﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺭﺟﻼﹰ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻄﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﻄﺒﻮﺍ ﻭﺃﻭ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ﻧﺎﺭﻫﻢ؛ ﻓﻼ ﻳﻠﺒﺜﻮﻥ ﺇﻻ ﻗﻠﻴﻼﹰ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺄﺗﻴﻬﻢ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﻢ ﺑﺼﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻈﺒﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﹸﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﻷﺭ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻯ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺄﺗﻴﻬﻢ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻜﻔﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﻓﻀﻼﹰ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﺯﺩﻳﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻟﻔﺮﺳﻨﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺇﻻ "ﺯﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻛﺐ"؛ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻓﺮﺱ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ‪ .‬ﻓﺄﺻﻞ ﻓﺤﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﺟﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺯﻋﻢ‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﳌﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳝﺴﺢ ﺃﻋﻨﺎﻗﻬﺎ ﻭﺳ‪‬ﻮﻗﻬﺎ ﻃﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺱ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺇﺑﺎﻫﺎ؛ ﻓﻮﻗﻊ ﻓﺮﺱ ﰲ ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺮﺱ ﰲ ﺧ‪‬ﺸ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺮﺱ ﰲ ‪‬ﺮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﻤﻠﻮﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻴﻮﳍﻢ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﻨﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ‬

‫‪5‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﻧ‪‬ﺘِﺠ‪‬ﺖ‪ ‬ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺱ ﻃﺎﺭﺕ ﻓﺮﺟﻌﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻨﺎﲡﺖ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﺪﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻛﺐ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻭﺣﺸﺎﹰ ﻻ ﺗﻄﺎﻕ ﺃﻥ ﺗ‪‬ﺮﻛﺐ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﺳ‪‬ﺨ‪‬ﺮﺕ ﻹﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺭ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺭﻛﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﻧﺘﺠﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻭﺣﺸﺎﹰ ﻛﺴﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻮﺵ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﺫﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ﻹﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻭﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺑﺮﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ :‬ﺇﱐ ﻣﻌﻄﻴﻜﻤﺎ ﻛﱰﺍﹰ ﺍﺩﺧﺮﺗﻪ ﻟﻜﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﻭﺣﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻓﺎﺩ‪‬ﻉ‪ ‬ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺟﻴﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﺎﹰ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺎﹰ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﺪﺭﻱ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﻜﱰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﳍﻤﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻓﺮﺱ ﺑﺄﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺇﻻ ﺃﺟﺎﺑﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺄﻣﻜﻨﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﺍﺻﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻪ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‪ :‬ﻓﺎﺭﻛﺒﻮﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻘِﺪﻭﻫﺎ ﻓﺈ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻴﺎﻣﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﲑﺍﺙ ﺃﺑﻴﻜﻢ‬
‫ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻝ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﻭﺠﻭﻩ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫﻫﺎ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺃﺟ‪‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺳﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺭﺟﻞ ﻭﺯِﺭ‪‬؛ ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻫﻲ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺟﺮ ﻓﺮﺟﻞ ﺃﲣﺬﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻮ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻟﻪ ‪‬ﺮ ﻓﺴﻘﺎﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻗﻄﺮﺓ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﺑﻄﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﺟﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻟﻪ ﻣ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺝ ﻓﺮﻋﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺑﻄﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﺟﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺧﻄﻮﺓ ﲣﻄﻮﻫﺎ ﺃﺟﺮ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻷﺟﺮ ﰲ ﺃﺭﻭﺍﺛﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﺑﻮﺍﳍﺎ؛ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻫﻲ ﻟﻪ ﺳﺘﺮ ﻓﺮﺟ‪‬ﻞﹲ ﺍﲣﺬﻫﺎ ﲡﻤ‪‬ﻼ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻜﺮﻣﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻨﺲ ﺣﻖ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﻇﻬﺮﻭﻫﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺭﻗﺎ‪‬ﺎ؛ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺯﺭ ﻓﺮﺟﻞ ﺃﲣﺬﻫﺎ ﺃﺷﺮﺍﹰ ﻭﺑﻄﺮﺍﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺭﺋﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺆﺩ ﺣﻖ ﻇﻬﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺑﻄﻮ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﺧ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺎﺏ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ :‬ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‪ :‬ﻓﺮﺱ ﻟﻠﺮﲪﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺮﺱ ﻟﻺﻧﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺮﺱ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﻓﺮﺱ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺃﺗ‪‬ﺨﺬِ ﷲ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻗﻮﺗﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻓﺮﺱ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻓﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺮﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻓﺮﺱ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺭﻭﻫﻦ ﻭﻗﻮﻣﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﺃﹶﻧ‪‬ﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﳊﺠﺎﺝ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻭﻭ‪‬ﺿ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‪ ‬ﺧﺮﺟﻨﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻗﺪﻣﻨﺎ‬
‫"ﻭﺍﺳﻂ"‪ .‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻪ ﺑﺎﳊﺠﺎﺝ ﻭﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ ﺧﻴﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺱ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﺮﺱ ﻳﺘﺨﺬﻩ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ "ﻭ" ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ﳚﺎﻫﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﻗﻴﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻔﻪ ﺇﻳﺎﻩ ﻭﺃﺩﺑﻪ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﺣﺴﺒﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺴ‪‬ﺢِ‬
‫ﻣﺬﻭﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺃﹶﺟ‪‬ﺮ‪ ‬ﰲ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻧﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ؛ ﻭﻓﺮﺱ ﻳﺼﻴﺐ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺴﻠﻬﺎ ﻳﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻘﻴﺎﻣﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﻠﻔﻬﻢ‬

‫‪6‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﺇﻳﺎﻫﺎ ﻭﺃﺩ‪‬ﻢ‪ ‬ﳍﺎ ﻭﻛﺴﺢ ﺭﻭﺛﻬﺎ ﺃﹶﺟ‪‬ﺮ‪ ‬ﰲ ﻣﻴﺰﺍ‪‬ﻢ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ؛ ﻭﻓﺮﺱ ﻟﻠﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯ‪‬ﺭ‪ ‬ﰲ ﻣﻴﺰﺍ‪‬ﻢ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﺑﺈﻧﺎﺙ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﻇﻬﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺣِﺮ‪‬ﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻄﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﱰ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻜﻤﺎﺀ‪ :‬ﺃﻱ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﺃﹶﺛﹾﺮ‪‬ﻯ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﺒﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺑﻄﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﺮﺱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋ‪‬ﺪِﻱ‪ ‬ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ‪ :‬ﺳﺄﻝ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻱ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺧﲑ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺳﻜﺔ ﻣﺄﺑﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﻬﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻣﺄﻣﻮﺭﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻜﺔ ﺍﳌﺄﺑﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﺯﻋﻤﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺓﹶ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﺑﻔﺮﺱ ﺃﻧﺜﻰ ﻓﺄﺻﺎﺏ "ﻣﻦ" ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻣﺎﻻ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ؛‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻋﺮﻭﺓ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ‬ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺃﹶﻧ‪‬ﺲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﻌﺪ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ! ﺇﻥ ﱄ ﺧﻴﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺣﺒﺴﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﲪﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺤﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺣﺒﺲ ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺙ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺎﺕِ ﺍﻟﻌﻼ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺻ‪‬ﻔﹾﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺍﲣﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺏ‪ :‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﻠﺮﻋﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻫﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﺫﻳﻦ ﻓﻠﻠﺠ‪‬ﻤﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﺎﻝ ﻓﻠﻠﺴﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ ﻓﻠﻠﺤﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳊﻤﲑ ﻓﻠﻠﺪﺑﻴﺐ ﻭﺧﻔﺔ ﺍﳌﺌﻮﻧﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬

‫ﻓﻀﺎﺌﻝ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻝ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺃﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺑﺎﳋﻴﻞ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﻟﻔﻀﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺎﺕِ ﺿ‪‬ﺒﺤﺎ" ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ "ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻟﺮﺑﻪ ﻟﻜﻨﻮﺩ"‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻔﺴﺮﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺎﺕ ﻫﻲ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ؛ ﻭﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﺒﺢ ﺣﻠﻮﻗﻬﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋ‪‬ﺪﺕ‪" .‬ﻓﺎﳌﻮﺭﻳﺎﺕ ﻗﹶﺪﺣ‪‬ﺎ"‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻱ ﺃﻭﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﲝﻮﺍﻓﺮﻫﺎ‪" .‬ﻓﺄﺛﹶﺮ‪‬ﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻧ‪‬ﻘﻌﺎ"‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻊ ﺍﻟﻐﺒﺎﺭ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ‪" .‬ﻓﻮﺳ‪‬ﻄﻦ ﺑﻪ ﲨﻌﺎ"‪ :‬ﺃﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻄﻦ ﲨﻌﺎﹰ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﻏﺎﺭﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪" .‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻟﺮﺑﻪ ﻟﻜﻨﻮﺩ"‪ :‬ﺃﻱ ﻛﻔﻮﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﲰﺎﻫﺎ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﳋﲑ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﻧﺒﻴﻪ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ‪" :‬ﺇﱐ ﺃﺣﺒﺒﺖ ﺣﺐ‪ ‬ﺍﳋﲑ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺫﻛﺮ ﺭﰊ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻀ‪‬ﻠﻬﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻬﻤﺎﻥ؛ ﻓﺠﻌﻞ ﻟﻠﻔﺮﺱ ﺳﻬﻤﲔ ﻭﻟﻠﺮﺟﻞ ﺳﻬﻤﺎﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺍﹰ‪ .‬ﻭﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﰲ ﻓﻀﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻣﻌﻘﻮﺩ ﰲ ﻧﻮﺍﺻﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳋﲑ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻡ‬

‫‪7‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ"‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻋﻦ ﻋ‪‬ﺮﻭﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪" :‬ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻣﻌﻘﻮﺩ ﰲ ﻧﻮﺍﺻﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳋﲑ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ! ﻭﻣﺎ ﺫﻟﻚ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺟﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻨﻴﻤﺔ"‪ .‬ﻭﻋﺮﻭﺓ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻫﻮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﳉﹶﻌ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻗﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻋﻄﺎﻩ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﺗﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﺎﻉ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﳘﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺪﻳﻨﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺎﺀﻩ ﺑﺪﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﺷﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺪﻋﺎ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﱪﻛﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻟﻮ ﺃﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ ﺭﺑﺢ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺷﺒﻴﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻏﹶﺮ‪‬ﻗﺪﺓ‪ :‬ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﰲ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻋﺮﻭﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﳉﻌﺪ ﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﹰ ﺭﻏﺒﺔﹰ ﻣﻨﻪ ﰲ ﺭﺑﺎﻁ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﳏﻤﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺸﺮ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻓﹶﺮﺱ‪ ‬ﺃﺧﺬﻩ ﺑﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﹰ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﺟ‪‬ﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻔﺘﻞ ﻧﺎﺻﻴﺔ ﻓﺮﺳﻪ ﺑﺈﺻﺒﻌﻴﻪ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪" :‬ﺍﳋﲑ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻘﻮﺩ ﺑﻨﻮﺍﺻﻲ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻭﰲ ﻓﺘﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻧﺎﺻﻴﺔﹶ ﻓﺮﺳﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞﹸ ﰲ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺩﺍﺑﺘ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﳌﻌ‪‬ﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻕ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺎﻫﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺑﲔ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻛﺒﺸﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪" :‬ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻣﻌﻘﻮﺩﺓ ﰲ ﻧﻮﺍﺻﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳋﲑ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ؛ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﺒﺎﺳﻂ ﻳ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ"‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ ﺁﺧﺮ‪" :‬ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﰲ ﻧﻮﺍﺻﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳋﲑ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ؛ ﻓﺎﻣﺴﺤﻮﺍ ﺑﻨﻮﺍﺻﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺩﻋﻮﺍ ﺍﷲ ﳍﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﱪﻛﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﺳ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺍﺩﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﳉﹶﺮﻣﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺗﻴﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﱄ ﺑﺬﻭ‪‬ﺩٍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﱄ‪:‬‬
‫"ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺑﺎﳋﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻣﻌﻘﻮﺩ ﰲ ﻧﻮﺍﺻﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳋﲑ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺑﻨﺖ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﰲ ﻧﻮﺍﺻﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳋﲑ ﻣﻌﻘﻮﺩ ﺃﺑﺪﹰﺍ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺭﺑﻄﻬﺎ ﻋ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺓ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﺷﺒﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﻋﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻳﻬﺎ ﻭﻇﻤﺄﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﻭﺍﺛﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﺑﻮﺍﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼﺡ ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻳﻨﺔ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ؛ "ﻭﻣﻦ ﺭﺑﻄﻬﺎ ﺭﻳﺎﺀ ﻭﲰﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺮﺣﺎﹰ ﻭﻣﺮﺣﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﺷﺒﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﻋﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻳﻬﺎ ﻭﻇﻤﺄﻫﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺭﻭﺍﺛﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﺑﻮﺍﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﺧﺴﺮﺍﻥ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻳﻨﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ""‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺮﺳﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺒﻬﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﲎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﹾﺲ؛ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﻼﻥ ﻣﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﺃﹶﻧﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪" :‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﺒﺲ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺳِﺘﺮ‪‬ﻩ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﺣﺘﺒﺲ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ ﺇﳝﺎﻧﺎﹰ ﺑﺎﷲ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺼﺪﻳﻘﺎﹰ ﺑﻮﻋﺪ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺷﺒﻌ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺭﻳﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺛﻪ ﺣﺴﻨﺎﺕٍ ﰲ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻧﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ"‪.‬‬

‫‪8‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪" :‬ﺍﳌﻨﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻛﺒﺎﺳﻂ ﻳﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺒﻀﻬﺎ؛ ﻭﺃﺑﻮﺍﳍﺎ ﻭﺃﺭﻭﺍﺛﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻛﺬﻛﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﳌﺴﻚ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺣﻜﻰ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳌﺎ ﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﳍﻢ ﻣﺮﺍﻏﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﻴﻞ ﻓﻤﺮ ﺣ‪‬ﺪﻳﺞ ﺑﻦ ﺻﻮﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺄﰊ ﺫﹶﺭٍّ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﳝﺮﻍ ﻓﺮﺳﻪ ﺍﻷﺟﺪﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺫﺭ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻓﺮﺱ ﱄ ﻻ ﺃﺭﺍﻩ‬
‫ﺇﻻ ﻣﺴﺘﺠﺎﺑﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻞ ﺗﺪﻋﻮ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻓﺘﺠﺎﺏ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ! ﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺇﻻ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻳﺪﻋﻮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺭﺑﻪ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺇﻧﻚ ﺳﺨ‪‬ﺮﺗﲏ ﻷﺑﻦ ﺁﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻌﻠﺖ ﺭﺯﻗﻲ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺟﻌﻠﲏ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﺭﺯﻗﻪ ﻣﲏ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺭﺯﻗﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻟﻘﻲ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﱘ ﺇﺑﻠﻴﺲ ﻟﻌﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺇﺑﻠﻴﺲ! ﺇﱐ ﺳﺎﺋﻠﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻓﻬﻞ ﺃﻧﺖ ﺻﺎﺩﻗﻲ ﻓﻴﻪ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺭﻭﺡ ﺍﷲ! ﺳﻠﲏ ﻋﻤﺎ ﺑﺪﺍ ﻟﻚ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﺄﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﳊﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﳝﻮﺕ! ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳ‪‬ﺴِﻞﱡ ﺟﺴﻤﻚ ﻭﻳﻘﻄﻊ ﻇﻬﺮﻙ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺻﻬﻴﻞ ﻓﺮﺱ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻗﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻯ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺼﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻥ؛ ﻭﻟﺴﺖ ﺃﺩﺧﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﹰ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺮﺱ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﳋﺮﺍﺳﺎﱐ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻴﺄﺟ‪‬ﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺒﻪ ﺍﳋﻴﻞﹶ ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻄﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪" :‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﻢ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻨ‪‬ﻴﺔ ﺻﺎﺩﻗﺔ ﺃﹸﻋﻄﻰ ﺃﺟﺮ ﺷﻬﻴﺪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﻋ‪‬ﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻣﺖ ﺃﻧﻪ ﲰﻊ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪" :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻟﻴﺴﱳ‪ ‬ﰲ ﻃﻴﻠﹶﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺻﺎﺣﺒ‪‬ﻪ ﻧﺎﺋﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺮﺍﺷﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﺗﺒﻘﻰ ﻟﻪ ﺧﻄﻴﺌﺔ ﺇﻻ ﻭﻗﻌﺖ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻨﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﻂ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﺟﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﻔﻄﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﻔﺘﺮ؛ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺳﻂ ﻳﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ "ﻛﺬﻟﻚ" ﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺮﺳﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻨﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﺜﺮﺕ ﺳﻴﺌﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﻗﻠﺖ ﺣﺴﻨﺎﺗﻪ ﻓﻠﲑﺑﻂ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﺒﻂ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﻤﻦ ﻧﺼﺮ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻭﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﻓﺮﻋﻮﻥ ﻭﻫﺎﻣﺎﻥ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺑﻦ ﺑﺎﺑﺎﻩ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﺳﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪" ،‬ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺇﻻ ﺣﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﹰ "ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ" ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻃﺎﻕ ﺫﻟﻚ"‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺗ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻹﺑﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﺨﻴﻞ ﻋﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﺰﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺗ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺪِﻝ ‪‬ﺎ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺰ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻌﺔ ﺑﺴﻮﺍﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﺪﺍﻓﻌﻮﺍ ﻋﻦ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﳑﺎ ﳝﻠﻜﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﳝﻨﻌﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺣﺮﳝﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﻤﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺣﻮﺯ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺑﻴﻀﺘﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻐﺎﻭﺭﻭﻥ ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺀﻫﻢ ﻭﻳﻄﻠﺒﻮﻥ ﺛﺄﺭﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻨﺎﻟﻮﻥ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳌﻐﺎﱎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺣﺒﻬﻢ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻈﻢ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺣﺎﺟﺘﻬﻢ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﻨﺎﺋﻬﻢ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﻓﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻳ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻨﻬﺎ؛ ﺇﱃ ﺃﹶﻥ ﺑﻌﺚ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻧﺒﻴﻪ ﳏﻤﺪﺍﹰ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻛﺮﻡ ﺃﻣﺘﻪ ﲟﺎ ﻫﺪﺍﻫﻢ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﻪ‪،‬‬

‫‪9‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

‫ﻭﺃﻣﱳ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻬﺎ ﳉﻬﺎﺩ ﻋﺪﻭﻩ؛ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‪:‬‬
‫"ﻭﺃﹶﻋِﺪ‪‬ﻭﺍ ﳍﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﻌﺘﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﺓ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺭﺑﺎِﻁ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺗ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻫﺒﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪﻭ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻋﺪﻭﻛﻢ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭ‪‬ﻢ ﻻ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻮ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﷲ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻬﻢ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ‪" :‬ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭ‪‬ﻢ ﻻ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻮ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﷲ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻬﻢ" ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﻦ؛ ﻭﻟﻦ ﳜﹶﻴ‪‬ﻞﹶ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺇﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻓﺮﺱ ﻋﺘﻴﻖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﲣﺬ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﺭﺗﺒﻄﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﺣﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺾ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﹶﻋ‪‬ﻠﹶﻤ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﻢ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﳍﻢ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺜﻮﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺟﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﺎﺭ‪‬ﻋﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺍﺯﺩﺍﺩﻭﺍ ﺣﺮﺻﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﰲ ﺇﻣﺴﺎﻛﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺟﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﱪﻛﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﲑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺟﻞ ﻭﺍﻵﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻗﺘﻨﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﺜﻤﲑﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺒﻄﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻨﺎﻓﺴﻮﺍ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﹶﺎﻟﻮ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﳌﺎ‬
‫ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﱪﻛﺎﺕ ﻭﲨﺎﻉ ﺍﳋﲑﺍﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﹶﺻﱪ ﺍﻟﺒﻬﺎﺋﻢ ﻭﺃﺷﺪﻫﺎ ﺷﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺏ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻒ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺮﺏ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺿﻴﻖ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻜﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﺍﻳﺎ ﻭﺍﳌﻔﺎﻭﺯ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﻔﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﺴﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﺷﺪ‪‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﻓﻮﺟﺪﻧﺎ ﺃﺷﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻬﺎﺋﻢ ﻭﺃﻗﻮﺍﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﲪﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺻ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﲑ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺯﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺎ ﳛﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺃﻟﻒ ﺭﻃﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺣ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﱂ ﻳﻨﻬﺾ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳉﻬﺪ ﻭﺍﳊﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺃﻳﻨﺎﻩ ﻻ ﳚﺮﻱ ﲝﻤﻠﻪ؛ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺳﺎﺋﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻬﺎﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﺻﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺪﺓ ﻻ ﲡﺮﻱ ﺑﺄﲪﺎﳍﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻭﺟﺪﻧﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻮﺻﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺶ ﺑﺸﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﹾﻌ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻭ ﻟﻮ ﺣ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻞ ﺛﻘﻴﻼﹰ‬
‫ﱂ ﻳﺆﺩ ﻋ‪‬ﺸ‪‬ﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﻪ؛ ﻓﻮﻗﻔﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﳛﻤﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻪ ﻭﺁﻟﺘﻪ ﻭﺳﻼﺣﻪ ﻭﲡِﻔﺎﻓﻪ ﻭﺯﺍﺩﻩ ﻭﻋﻠﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋ‪‬ﻠﹶﻢٍ ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻳﺪ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﰲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺭﻳﺢ‪ ،‬ﺯ‪‬ﻫﺎﺀ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺭﻃﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﳚﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﺟ‪‬ﺮﻳﺪﺍﹰ ﻻ ﻳﻜﺎﺩ ﳝﻞ ﻭﻻ ﳜﹶﻮ‪‬ﻯ‪ ‬ﲜﻮﻉ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻋﻄﺶ؛ ﻓﻌﻠﻤﻨﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻬﺎﺋﻢ ﺃﺷﺪ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺻﱪ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺟﻮﺩ ﻭﻻ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻭﻻ ﺃﻛﺮﻡ ﻭﻻ ﺃﻗﻮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ﰲ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺁﻳﺘﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪" :‬ﻣ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳ‪‬ﻘﹾﺮﺽ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ﻗﺮﺿﻨﺎﹰ ﺣﺴﻨﺎﹰ ﻓﻴﻀﺎﻋﻔﹶﻪ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺿﻌﺎﻓﺎﹰ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻨﻔﻘﻮﻥ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﳍﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﺍﹰ‬
‫ﺍَ‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻼﹶﻧِﻴ‪‬ﺔﹰ ﻓﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﺟﺮﻫﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺭ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺧﻮﻑ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﻻ ﻫﻢ ﳛﺰﻧﻮﻥ"‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺃﻣﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺩﺍﺀ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻜﺤﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺯﺍﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺑﺎﺡ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ‪ :‬ﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻄﻮﻥ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻨﻔﻘﻮﻥ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﳍﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﺍﹰ ﻭﻋﻼﻧﻴﺔ"‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﰲ ﻋ‪‬ﻠﹶﻒ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺫﹶﺭٍّ ﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺧﻴﻞ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﰲ ﺍﳉﱠﺒﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻨﻔﻘﻮﻥ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﳍﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﺍﹰ ﻭﻋﻼﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻫ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺓﹶ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺮ ﺑﻔﺮﺱ ﲰﲔ ﺗﻼ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺮ ﺑﻔﺮﺱ ﺃﻋﺠ‪‬ﻒ‬
‫ﺳﻜﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬

‫‪10‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﺤﻔﻅ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻝ‬
‫ﻭﺼﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺼﻴﺔ ﺒﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻴﺔ ﱂ ﺗﺰﻝ ﺗ‪‬ﻜﹾﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻨﺎﺀ ﺑﺎﳋﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻒ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺔ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻭ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﻓﺘﺨﺎﺭ ﺑِﺮ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻄِﻬﺎ؛ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺯﺍﺩﺕ ﰲ ﻓﻀﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﺰﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻓﺎﺗﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻻ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺗﺼﻮﻥ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﳍﺎ ﻛﺼﻴﺎﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻜﺮِﻣ‪‬ﻪ ﻛﻜﺮﺍﻣﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﳌﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻫﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺰ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻓﻌﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﺒﻴﻨﺎ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﻏﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻭﺃﺻﻮ‪‬ﻢ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺷﺪﻫﻢ ﺇﻛﺮﺍﻣﺎﹰ ﻭﻋ‪‬ﺠﺒﹰﺎ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﺇﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻴﺄﻧﺲ ﺑﺼﻬﻴﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻔﻀﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﺴﻬﻤﻪ ﳍﺎ ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻫﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺍﺋﻤﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﲪﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻫﺠﲔ ﻻ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﺃﺻ‪‬ﻠﹸﻪ‪ ‬ﺃﺻﻮﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻏﲑﺓ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺷﻔﺎﻗﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺴﺎﺩ ﺃﹰﻧﺴﺎﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻭﺻ‪‬ﻲِ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻮﺗﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺷﺘﻐﺎﻟﻪ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻔﻘﱡﺪﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﺟﺎﺀ ﻋﻦ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﺭﺍﻓﻊ‪" :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﺇﱃ ﻓﺮﺳﻪ ﻓﻤﺴﺢ ﻋﻨﻘﻪ ﻭﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﻄﺮﻑ ﺭﺩﺍﺋﻪ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺑﻜﹸﻢ‪ ‬ﻗﻤﻴﺼﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ! ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺮﺍﻙ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻪ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﱐ ﺑﺖ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﺟﱪﻳﻞ ﻳﻌﺎﺗﺒﲏ‬
‫ﰲ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔﹶ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪" :‬ﺇ‪‬ﺎ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻏﹶﺪ‪‬ﺍﺓِ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﳝﺴﺢ ﻓﺮﺳﻪ ﺑﺜﻮﺑﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ! ﺑﺜﻮﺑﻚ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺭﻳﻚ؟ ﻟﻌﻞ ﺟﱪﻳﻞ ﻗﺪ ﻋﺎﺗﺒﲏ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ؛ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻓﻮﻟﱠﲏ ﻋ‪‬ﻠﹶﻔﹶﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ‪ :‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺬﻫﱯ ﺑﺎﻷﺟﺮ ﻛﻠﱠﻪ! ﺃﺧﱪﱐ ﺃﻥ ﺭﰊ ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﱄ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺣﺒﺔ ﺣﺴﻨﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻴﻞ‪" :‬ﻭﺑ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ "ﺗ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻮﻙ‪ "‬ﺇﺫ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺇﱃ ﻓﺮﺳﻪ ﺍﻟﻈﱠﺮﺏ ﻓﻌﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﻌﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻌﻞ‬
‫ﳝﺴﺢ ﻇﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ! ﺃﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﻇﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﺩﺋﻚ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﺪﺭﻳﻜﻢ؟ ﻟﻌﻞ ﺟﱪﻳﻞ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺮﱐ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺃﱐ ﻗﺪ ﺑﺖ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﺗﻌﺎﺗﺒﲏ ﰲ ﺣﺲ‪ ‬ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻭﻣﺴﺤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﱪﱐ ﺧﻠﻴﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺟﱪﻳﻞ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﱄ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺣﺒﺔ ﺃﹶﻭ‪‬ﻓﹶﻴ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺇﻳﺎﻩ ﺣﺴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺭﰊ ﻳ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﻂﱡ ﻋﲏ ‪‬ﺎ ﺳﻴﺌﺔ؛ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﺉ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻴﻮﻓﻴﻪ ﻋ‪‬ﻠﻴﻘﻪ ﻳﻠﺘﻤﺲ ﻟﻪ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺇﻻ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺣﺒﺔ ﺣﺴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻂ ﻋﻨﻪ‬
‫‪‬ﺎ ﺳﻴﺌﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋ‪‬ﻘﹾﺒ‪‬ﺔﹶ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺪﻩ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺗﻴﻨﺎ ﲤﻴﻤﺎﹰ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻱ‪ ‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻌﺎﰿ ﻋﻠﻴﻖ ﻓﺮﺳﻪ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻠﻨﺎ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺭ‪‬ﻗﹶﻴ‪‬ﺔ! ﺃﻣﺎ ﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻜﻔﻴﻚ ﻫﺬﺍ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺑﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪" :‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﻂ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺳﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻌﺎﰿ ﻋﻠﻴﻘﻪ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺣﺒﺔ ﺣﺴﻨﺔ"‪.‬‬

‫‪11‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺛﺒﺖ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﻓﺮﺱ ﻋﺮﰊ ﻓﺄﻛﺮﻣﻪ ﺃﻛﺮﻣﻪ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺃﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﷲ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﳎﺎﻫﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺃﺑﺼﺮ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺇﻧﺴﺎﻧﺎﹰ ﺿﺮﺏ ﻓﺮﺳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻠﻚ؟‬
‫ﻟﺘﻤﺴ‪‬ﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﹶﻜﹸﻠﱠﻢ‪ ‬ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ‪ :‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ؛ ﻓﺠﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﳛﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺷﻬﺪﻭﺍ!‬
‫ﺃﺷﻬﺪﻭﺍ!"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻟﻘﺪﺭ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻋﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﻭﺇﻋﺰﺍﺯﻫﺎ ﺇﻳﺎﻫﺎ ﺗ‪‬ﻘﹾﺘ‪‬ﺺ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ ﻟﻄﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻭﺗ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺄﺭ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻄﻠﺒﻪ ﰲ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ؛ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻠﻄﻢ ﺑﻠﻄﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﲑ؛ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺣ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﻋﻦ ﲰﺎﻙ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺡ‬
‫ﺍﳍﹾﻤﺪﺍﱐ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪:‬‬
‫ﻜﺄﻨﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻅﻝ ﺒﺭﺩ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﺭﻤﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻬﺩﺓٍ ﻴ‪‬ﻠﻁﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻨﻲ ﺒﻠﻁﻤﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﻰ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺭﻛﺾ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺣﻖ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﲔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪" :‬ﻻ ﺗﻘﻮﺩﻭﺍ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﺑﻨﻮﺍﺻﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﹶﺘﺬﹶﻟﻮﻫﺎ"‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪:‬‬
‫"ﺍﺭﺗﺒﻄﻮﺍ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻣﺴﺤﻮﺍ ﺑﻨﻮﺍﺻﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻋﺠﺎﺯﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻛﻔﺎﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻠﱢﺪ‪‬ﻭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻘﻠﺪﻭﻫﺎ ﺍﻷﻭﺗﺎﺭ"‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻠﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﺃﻭﺗﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘِﺴﻰ‪ ‬ﻟﺌﻼ ﺗﺼﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﻬﺎﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﻠﻤﻬﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﺗﺎﺭ ﻻ ﺗﺮﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ‪‬ﺎﻫﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺧﻮﻓﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻨﺎﻕ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﺗﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﱡﺣﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺀ‪ :‬ﺃﻱ ﻻ ﺗﻄﻠﺒﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺗ‪‬ﺮِﺗ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺃﺻﺢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻻ ﺗ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﻠﹸﺒﻮﺍ ﺃﺫﻧﺎﺏ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﲡﹸﺰ‪ّ‬ﻭﺍ ﺃﻋﺮﻓﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻧﻮﺍﺻﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩِﻓﺎﺅﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻋﺮﺍﻓﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺫﻧﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺬﺍﺑ‪‬ﻬﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪" :‬ﻻ ﺗﺘﺨﺬﻭﺍ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺩﻭﺍﺑﻜﻢ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺇﳕﺎ ﺳﺨﺮﻫﺎ ﻟﻜﻢ ﻟﺘﺒﻠﻐﻜﻢ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺑﻠﺪ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺸﻖ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻧﻔﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﻟﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺎﻗﻀﻮﺍ ﺣﺎﺟﺎﺗﻜﻢ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﻜﺤﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪" :‬ﺃﻛﺮﻣﻮﺍ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻭﺟ‪‬ﻠﱠﻠﻮﻫﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﻰ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺧِﺼﺎﺀ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻦ ﺛﻮﺭ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﻏﺰﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺗ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻮﻙ‪ ‬ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﹰ "ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﺱ"؛ ﻓﹶﺤ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻞﹶ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺭﺟﻼﹰ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﺰﻝ ﺃﻥ ﻳﱰﻝ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺎﹰ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺷﻮﻗﺎﹰ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﺷ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺓﹰ ﻟﺼﻬﻴﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻟﻘﻲ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺧﺼﻴﻨﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ "ﻗﺪ ﻣﺜﱠﻠﺖ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻠﺖ‪ ‬ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻠﺖ ﺑﻪ!‬
‫ﺃﻋﺮﺍﻓﻬﺎ ﺃﹶﺩ‪‬ﻓﺎﺅﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺫﻧﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺬﺍﺑ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻤِﺴﻮﺍ ﻧﺴﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻫ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﺑﺼﻬﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﲔ"‪.‬‬

‫‪12‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪" :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻫﺪﻳﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻐﻠﺔ ﻓﺮﻛﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﲪﻠﻨﺎ ﺍﳊﻤﲑ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ! ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪ :‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻮﻥ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺃﻣﺎﻣﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪" :‬ﻋﺎﺗﺒﻮﺍ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻓﺈ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﻌﺘﺐ"‪ .‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﺩﺑﻮﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺿﻮﻫﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺘﺄﺩﺏ ﻭﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺘﺎﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﳛﻜﻰ ﻋﻦ ﻟﻘﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻴﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻻﺑﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺑﲏ! ﺇﺫﺍ ﺳﺎﻓﺮﺕ ﻓﻼ ﺗﻨﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺍﺑﺘﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﺴﺮﻉ ﰲ‬
‫ﺩ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﺮِﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﺃﺭﺿﺎﹰ ﻣ‪‬ﻜﹾﻠِﺌﹶﺔﹰ ﻓﺄﻋﻄﻬﺎ ﺣﻈﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻸ؛ ﻭﺃﺑﺪﺃ ﺑﺴﻘﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﻠﻔﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻮﺟﺐ ﺇﻛﺮﺍﻡ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻮ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺘﻨﺎﺀ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﶈﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗ‪‬ﻔﹶﻘﱡﺪ‪ ‬ﺃﺣﻮﺍﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺼﻠﺤﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ "ﰲ" ﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔﹸ ﺃﻣﻮﺭ ﻓﺮﺳﻪ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻏﻀﺎﺿﺔ ﺗﻠﺤﻘﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺼﺮﻑ‬
‫ﰲ ﺷﺄﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻳﻠﺤﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻂ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﱰﻩ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻟﻜﱪﻩ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﻜﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻟﻠﻔﺎﺭﺱ ﺃﻻ ﻳﻐﻔﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻔﻘﺪ ﻓﺮﺳﻪ ﻭﻣﻮﺿﻌﻪ ﻭﻣﺮﺑﻄﻪ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﻏﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﲨﻴﻊ ﺃﺣﻮﺍﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺘﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻔﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺳ‪‬ﻘﹾﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺘﻜﻦ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻋﻨﺎﻳﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﺍﺋﻤﻪ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻷﺣﻮﺍﻝ‪ ،‬ﳚﺴ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺗﻔﺰﺯﺍﹰ ﰲ ﻋﺼﺒﺔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎﺭﺓ ﻧﻔﺦ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻣﺘﻼﺀ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺩﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺩﱏ ﻋﻠﱠﺔٍ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻴﺒﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻼﺟﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﻼﻃﻔﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺑﺪﺋﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺘﻌﺒﻪ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﳚ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻩِ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﺒﺪﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻞ ﻳﺴﲑﺓ ﻻ ﺗﻜﺎﺩ ﺗ‪‬ﺒِﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﲟﺎ ﲪﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﺩﺕ ﻛﺒﺎﺭﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻣ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻠِﻒ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻼﺟﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﺋﻬﺎ ﺃﻗﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺮﻫﺎ ﺃﻳﺴﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﺤﺬﺭ ﻛﻞ ﺍﳊﺬﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻘﻴﻪ ﻭﺃﻋﻼﻓﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﲑ ﺇﺛﺮ ﺍﻹﻋﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﻤﻬﻞ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺴﻜﻦ ﻭﳚﻒ ﻋﺮﻗﻪ ﻭﻳﻬﺪﺃ‬
‫ﻫﺪﻭﺀﺍﹰ ﺗﺎﻣﺎﹰ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﳛﺬﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﲑ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻊ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺣﺔ ﻭﺍﳉِﻤ‪‬ﺎﻡ ﻭﻗﻠﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻑ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﳛﺬﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻃﹾﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺸﻴﺶ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺑﺲ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻔﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻉ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻠﻀﺮﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻳﻠﺤﻆ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻭﻓﻖ ﻣﺎ ﻗﹶﺪ‪‬ﺭ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺲ‪ ‬ﺗ‪‬ﺼِﺐ‪ ‬ﲝﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ‬

‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺘﺴﻤﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺱ‬

‫ﻭﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﺭ‬

‫ﺃﻋﻼﻩ "ﺳ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺍﺗ‪‬ﻪ"‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺳ‪‬ﺮﺍﺗﻪ "ﻗﹶﺮﺍﻩ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ "ﺳ‪‬ﻨﺎﺳِﻦ‪ "‬ﺻ‪‬ﻠﹾﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪﺓ "ﺳِﻨ‪‬ﺴﻨﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﻀﻠﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻘﹶﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﺮﺍﺗﻪ "ﺣ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﺒﺘﺎﻩ" ﻭﳘﺎ "ﺣ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻗﹶﻔﺘﺎﻩ"‪" ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺮﻗﻔﺔ" ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﻮﺭِﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺸﺨﺺ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻫ‪‬ﺰﻟﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺑﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﺮﺍﺗﻪ "ﻗﹶﻄﺎﺗﻪ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﹶﻄﺎﹶﺓ ﻣﻘﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺩﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺩﻑ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻛﺐ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺱ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﻳﻒ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ‬
‫ﺳ‪‬ﺮﺍﺗﻪ "ﻣﻮِﻗﻔﺎﻩ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻮﻗﻔِﺎﻥ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺎﺻﺮﺗﻴﻪ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﺠ‪‬ﺒﺘﲔ ﻭﺿﻠﻊ ﺍﳋﻠﻒ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺳ‪‬ﺮﺍﺗﻪ "ﻛﺎﺛﺒﺘﻪ" ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﺛﺒﺔ‬

‫‪13‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﹸﺪﻣﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺳ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺍﺗﻪ "ﻣ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺴِﺠﻪ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺴِﺞ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﹶﺮﺑﻮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻓﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻔﲔ ﻣﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻫﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ‬
‫ﻣ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺴﺠﺎﹰ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﺍﺓ "ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺬﹾﺭﺓ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺛﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻰ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﻑ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﺍﺓ "ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﻑ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺷﻌﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻘﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﻋ‪‬ﺬﺭﺗﻪ ﻭﻧﺎﺻﻴﺘﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺳ‪‬ﺮﺍﺗﻪ ﻧﺎﺻﻴﺘﻪ ﻻﺗﺼﺎﳍﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﻴﺔﹸ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﳌﺮﺳﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻴﻨﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻋ‪‬ﺮﻓﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﹸﺪﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﻑ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ؛ ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻤ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻓﺔ ﻣﻨﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﻑ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻜﺘﻨﻒ ﺍﳌﻌ‪‬ﺮﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻋِﺮﻗﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﻤﺎ "ﺍﻟﻌِﻠﺒﺎﻭﺍﻥ" ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪‬ﻤﺎ "ﻋِﻠﺒﺎﺀ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﺮﺍﺗﻪ "ﺭﺃﺳﻪ‪ "‬ﻭ "ﻫﺎﻣﺘﻪِ"‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﻫﺎﻣﺘﻪ "ﻓﺄﹸﻡ‪ ‬ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻪ" ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﺑﺄﺫﻧﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺳ‪‬ﻤﻴﺖ ﺍﳍﺎﻣﺔ ﺃﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﻍ ﻻﺷﺘﻤﺎﳍﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﺎﺷﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻟﺪﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ "ﺍﻟﻘﹶﻤ‪‬ﺤ‪ ‬ﺪﻭ‪‬ﺓﹸ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺑﺎﻃﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻔﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻔﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﻗﻔﺎ" ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻣﻘﻌﺪ ﻋِﺬﺍﺭﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺒﺖ ﻋ‪‬ﺮﻓﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ "ﺳِﻤﺎﻡ‪ "‬ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻗﺼﺐ ﺧﻴﺎﺷﻴﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻐﻀﺎﺭﻳﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺍﺿﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻘﻠﻮﺏ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ "ﺳ‪‬ﻤﻮﻣﻪ‪ ،"‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﺑﻞ ﳘﺎ ﻋﺮ‪‬ﻗﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺧﻴﺸﻮﻣﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻓﺎﻟﺴ‪‬ﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﺳﻢ‬
‫ﻟﻨﺨﺎﺭﻳﺐ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺷﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ "ﻧﻮﺍﻫﻖ" ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻓﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﺮﻗﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺧﻴﺸﻮﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ‪ :‬ﻧﻮﺍﻫﻘﻪ ﻗﺼﺒﺔ ﺃﻧﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ‬
‫ﻗﹸﺘ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺔﹶ‪ :‬ﳘﺎ ﻋﻈﻤﺎﻥ ﺷﺎﺧﺼﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﺃﺳﻔﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻴﻨﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻭﺍﻓﻘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺪﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻭ‬
‫"ﺍﻟﻠﹼﺤ‪‬ﻴﺎﻥِ" ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﲢﺖ ﺍﳋﺪﻳﻦ؛ ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻗﱡﻬ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺇﱃ ﲢﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﻢ "ﺍﻟﺼﺒﻴ‪‬ﺎﻥِ"‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻐﺎﻥ" ﺃﻋﺎﱄ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻴﲔ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﻀﻎ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺍﻷﺫﻧﲔ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻬ‪‬ﺰِﻣﺘﺎﻥ" ﳎﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻐﲔ ﻭﺍﻷﺫﻧﲔ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻔﻜﱠﺎﻥ"‬
‫ﻣﻠﺘﻘﻰ ﻋﻈﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﺤﻴﲔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺄﻣﺎ "ﺷﻔﺘﺎﻩ" ﻓﻬﻤﺎ "ﺟﺤﻔﻠﺘﺎﻩ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ "ﻣ‪‬ﻨﺨِﺮﺍﻩ‪ "‬ﻓﹶﻤ‪‬ﺨﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻔﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ "ﻧ‪‬ﺨ‪‬ﺮﺗﻪ" ﻓﻤﺎ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻣﻨﺨِﺮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﺪﻕ‬
‫ﺟﺤﻔﻠﺘﻪ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻻﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻔﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ "ﺧﺪ‪‬ﺍﻩ" ﻓﺼﻔﺤﺘﺎ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ "ﺳﺮﺍﺗﻪ" "ﺳِﻴﺴﺎﺅﻩ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺴﺎﺀ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻭﺳﻂ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺮﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻬﻮﺓ" ﺃﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﳌﱳ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﻋﻨﻘﻪ "ﻟﹶﺒ‪‬ﺘﻪ" ﻭ "ﺻﻠﻴﻔﺎﻩ" ﻭ "ﺟِﺮﺍﻧ‪‬ﻪ"‪ .‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﺒﺐ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺻﻠﻴﻔﺎﻩ ﻓﺼﻔﺤﺘﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﺨ‪‬ﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰲ ﺍﳍﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﱠﺐِ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ "ﺍﻟﻔﻬ‪‬ﻘﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻃﺮﻓﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻬﻘﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺐ ﰲ ﺍﳍﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺴﺘﺪﻳﺮ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﻋِﻘﹶﺎﺹ ﺍﳌﹸﻜﹾﺤ‪‬ﻠﹶﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺧ‪‬ﺮﻕ ﻫﻮ ﳐﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺎﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﻍ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﺪﻣﺎﻍ "ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻠﻴﻞ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺟِﺮﺍﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﻓﺠﻠﺪﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻨ‪‬ﺨ‪‬ﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺬﺑﺢ‪ .‬ﻭﳎﻤﻮﻉ ﺍﳊﻠﻘﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﻱﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺩﺍﺝ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ "ﺍﻟﺒ‪‬ﻠﹾﺬﹶﻡ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﳌﺮﻱﺀ‬
‫ﻣﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﹸﻠﻘﻮﻡ ﻭﳐﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺷﺎﻥ" ﻣ‪‬ﻀﻐﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺀﻭﺱ ﺍﳌﻨﻜﺒﲔ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﳘﺎ ﻗﻮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ‪.‬‬

‫‪14‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ "ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺳِﻴﻊ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﻌﲑ ﺑِﺠﺮ‪‬ﺗﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻐﺮﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻔﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ "ﻗﹶﺼ‪‬ﺮﺗ‪‬ﻪ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻫﻞ؛ ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ "ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻟﻔﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻘِﻼﹶﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﺷﻲﺀ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻨﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺟﻬﺔ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺍﳌﺬﺑﺢ‪" .‬ﻭﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ" ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ ﲜﻤﻠﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﲰﻰ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﺘﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ "ﺍﻟﻮﺩ‪‬ﺟﺎﻥ"‪ ،‬ﻭﳘﺎ ﻋِﺮ‪‬ﻗﺎﻥ ﻳﻜﺘﻨﻔﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ ﳝﻴﻨﺎﹰ ﻭﴰﺎﻻﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻸﻭﺩﺍﺝ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ "ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﺏ"‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺃﹶﺳ‪‬ﻠﹶﺔﹸ"‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻼﺩﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭ "ﺑ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻛﹸﻪ‪ "‬ﻫﻮ ﺻﺪﺭﻩ‪" ،‬ﻭﺟ‪‬ﺆﺟﺆﻩ" ﻫﻮ "ﺯ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺭﻩ"‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻟﺼﺪﺭ ﻣﺎ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻠﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﻣﻐ‪‬ﺮِﺯِ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻭﺭ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﺪﻳﻦ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﳊﺰﺍﻡ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺟ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺯ" ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻣﻘﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻠﺒﻪ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺣﺎﺫﺍﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺟ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺯ‪ ‬ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻭﺳﻄﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﲨﻠﺔ ﻣﻘﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺱ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ "ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻬﻮﺓ"‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺫﻛﺮﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺩﻓﱵ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺮﺝ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻬﻮﺓ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ "ﺍﳌﻌ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺍﻥ"‪ .‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺿ‪‬ﻢ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳊﺰﺍﻡ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺍﶈﺰﻡ"‪ .‬ﻭﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﹾﻤ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﺮِﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺮﺗﲔ‬
‫"ﺍﳌﺮﻛﹶﻼﹶﻥ"‪ ،‬ﻭﳘﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻋ‪‬ﻘِﱮ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﹶﺭﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﲰﻴﺎﹰ ﻣﺮﻛﹶﻠﻴ‪‬ﻦ‪ .‬ﻭﳘﺎ "ﺍﳉﻮﺍﻧﺢ"‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﺼﺘﺎﻥ" ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﻓﻘﲔ ﻣﻦ "ﺍﻟﱠﺪﻑ‪ ،"‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻑ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﹶﻨ‪‬ﺐ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﳌﺮﻓﻘﲔ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻨﻘﹶﺒﺾ ﺍﻟﻔﺆﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﰒ "ﺍﻟﻀﻠﻮﻉ" ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ‬
‫ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻭﻥ ﺿﻠﻌﺎﹰ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﺿﻼﻉ "ﺍﻟﻘﹸﺼ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳﺎﻥ"‪ ،‬ﻭﳘﺎ ﺍﻟﻀﻠﻌﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻨﺒﲔ ﺃﺳﻔﻞ ﺍﻟﻀﻠﻮﻉ ﻭﺃﻗﻌﺮﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﺇﺣﺪﺍﳘﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻰ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻷﳝﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻰ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻷﻳﺴﺮ؛ ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﺿﻠﻌﻲ ﺍﳋﹶﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ "ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻛﻠﺘﺎﻥ"‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺗﺼﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺬﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﳋﺎﺻﺮﺗﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﹸﺼ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﻤﺎ "ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻫﻨﺘﺎﻥ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻠﻌﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﺘﺎﻥ ﺗﻠﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻫﻨﺘﲔ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﻤﺎ "ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺃﻳﺘﺎﻥ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺳﺎﻁ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﻠﻮﻉ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ "ﺍﳊﹶﺮﺝ‪ ،"‬ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻘﱠﻔﹶﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻀﻠﻮﻉ ﻭﺃﲤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﻨﺘﻔﺦ ﺍﳉﻮﻑ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﺟﻮﻓﻪ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ "ﺭ‪‬ﺑﺾ" ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺭﺑﺾ ﺑﻄﻨﻪ "ﻣ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻘﹶﺒﻪ" ﻭ "ﺳ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺗﻪ" ﻭ "ﻗﹸﻨ‪‬ﺒﻪ" ﻭ "ﺭ‪‬ﻓﹾﻐﺎﻩ" ﻭ "ﺷﺎﻛﻠﺘﻪ"‬
‫ﻭ "ﻃﻔﻄﻔﺘﺎﻩ"‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﺣﺎﻟﺒﺎﻩ" ﻭ "ﺻِﻔﹶﺎﻗﻪ"‪ .‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺭ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﺾ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻦ ﻓﻤﺮ‪‬ﺍﻕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻦ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻣ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻘﹶﺒﻪ ﻓﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﻨﻘﺐ ﺍﻟﹾﺒﻴ‪‬ﻄﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻗﹸﻨﺒﻪ ﻓﻮﻋﺎﺀُ ﺫﹶﻛﺮِﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺭ‪‬ﻓﻐﺎﻩ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳋﹸﺼ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺨﺬﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺷﺎﻛﻠﺘﻪ ﻓﺒﲔ ﻓﺨﺬﻳﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺑﻄﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲡﺸﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﹸﻌ‪‬ﺮِﻗﹶﺔِ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻃﻔﻄﻔﺘﺎﻩ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳉﻨﺐ ﻭﺍﳊﹶﺮﻗﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺒﺎﻥ ﻓﹶﻌِﺮ‪‬ﻗﺎﻥ ﺍﻛﺘﻨﻔﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻔﺎﻕ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳉﻠﺪ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻔﺎﺝ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻄﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﺍﻋﻔﺎﺝ ﻭﺣﻮﺍﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﹶﺮِﺵ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟِﺤ‪‬ﻘﹾﻮﺍﻥ" ﳘﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺿ‪‬ﻤﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﹸﺼ‪‬ﺮﻳﺎﻥِ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻨﺴﺖ ﻋﻨﻪ‬

‫‪15‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﺍﻟﹶﺤﺠﺒ‪‬ﺘﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﻗﹸﻨﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ "ﻧ‪‬ﻀِﻴﺔﱡ" ﻭ "ﻓﹶﻴ‪‬ﺸ‪‬ﻠﻪ" "ﺇﺣﻠﻴﻠﻪ"‪ .‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻀﻲ‪ ‬ﻓﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ "ﺍﻟﻐ‪‬ﺮﻣﻮﻝ" ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﹶﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺸﻠﺔ ﻓﺮﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻹﺣﻠﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﻠﻘﺮﺱ ﺇﺣﻠﻴﻼﻥ‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﹾﺨ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻕ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳋﹸﺼ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﲔ ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﳜﻨﺲ ﺍﻟﺬﹼﻛﺮ‪ :‬ﺇﺣﻠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳋﹶﺮ‪‬ﻕ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰲ‬
‫ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ ﳐﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﺣﻠﻴﻞ؛ ﻭﻳﺸﺎﺭﻛﻪ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﺣﻠﻴﻞ ﻛﻞ ﺫﻛﹶﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺸﺎﺭﻛﻪ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺫﻛﻮﺭ ﺫﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻊ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺻﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﰲ ﻗﹸﻨﺒﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ "ﺍﻟﹾﺨ‪‬ﻀِﻴﻌﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﳋﻀﻴﻌﺔ ﺻﻮﺕ ﺟﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‪ .‬ﻭﺟﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﹸﺨﺼ‪‬ﻴﺔ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ "ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻔﹶﻦ"‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻦ "ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺘ‪‬ﺎﻥ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ "ﺍﻟﻘﹸﺤ‪‬ﻘﹸﺢ" ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻠﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻛﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻃﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻃﻨﻪ "ﺍﻟﹶﺨﻮ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺍﻥﹸ" ﻭﻇﺎﻫﺮ"ﻩ" "ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺑﺮ‪ "‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﺤﻘﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻌ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺺ‪" ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﻌﺺ" ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻠﺐ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻨﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﱠﻧﺐ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻌﺺ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‬
‫"ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﺐ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺳﻔﻠﻪ "ﻣﻐﺮﺯ ﺍﻟﺬﱠﻧ‪‬ﺐ"‪ .‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻏﹶﻠﹸﻆﹶ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻧﺐ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﻋ‪‬ﻜﹾﻮﺗﻪ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻜﻮﺓ "ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺴﻴﺐ"‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﳘﺎ ﻋﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﱠﻧﺐ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﺴﺘﺪ‪‬ﻕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺬﱠﻧﺐ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺷﺎﺋﻠﺔ" ﺍﻟﺬﻧﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻴﺐ" ﻫﻮ "ﻫ‪‬ﻠﹾﺐ" ﺍﻟﺬﻧﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺷ‪‬ﻌﺮﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺃﻥ "ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻴﺐ" ﻫﻮ ﺷ‪‬ﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﻌﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻧﺐ "ﺍﳍﹸﻠﹾﺐ"‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﻳﺘﺼﻞ ﲟ‪‬ﻘﹶﺎﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ "ﻳﺪﺍﻩ"‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ "ﻛﺘﻔﺎﻩ"‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻛﺘﻔﻴﻪ "ﻋ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺮﺍﳘﺎ" ﻭ "ﻏﹸﺮﺿﻮﻓﺎﳘﺎ" ﻭ "ﺃﹶﺧ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻣﺎﻫ‪‬ﻤﺎ" ﻭ‬
‫"ﺻﺪﻗﺎﳘﺎ"‪ .‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻒ ﻓﻤﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﰲ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﻜﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻋ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺮﺍﳘﺎ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻈﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻒ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺧﺺ ﰲ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺃﺧﺮ ﻣﺎ ﳘﺎ ﻓﻤﻨﺘﻬﻰ ﻋ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺮﻳﻬﻤﺎ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﲔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺎﻥ ﻓﻨﻘﺮﺗﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻔﲔ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﻏﹸﺮﺿﻮﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻔﲔ ﰲ ﺃﻋﻼﳘﺎ "ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﻀﺎﻥ" ﻭﳘﺎ "ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻋﻨﺘﺎﻥ"‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﳘﺎ ﳊﻢ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﻔﻞ ﺍﻟﹾﻐﺮ‪‬ﺿﻮﻓﲔ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻤﺘﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻼﳘﺎ ﻓﻬﻤﺎ "ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﺼﺘﺎﻥ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺿﻮﻑ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻃﹶﺮ‪‬ﻑ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻒ ﻣﺘﺼﻼﹰ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﻒ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﻋﻈﻢ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻪ؛ ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‬
‫"ﻏﹸﻀ‪‬ﺮﻭﻑ" ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ "ﻣ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻜِﺒﺎﻩ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻜﺒﺎﻩ ﻣﺎ ﺿﻢ ﺃﺳﻔﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻫﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺺ‪ ‬ﺑﺄﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻫﻞﹸ" ﻣﺎ ﻇﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺭ" ﻣﺎ ﺑﻄﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻫﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ "ﻋ‪‬ﻀ‪‬ﺪﺍﻩ"‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻋﻀﺪﻳﻪ "ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻴﺤﺎﻥ" ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺑﻠﺘﺎﻥ"‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻴﺤﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﺀﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﻼﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺬﺭﺍﻋﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺑﻠﺘﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﺀﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﺪﻳﻦ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻔﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﳘﺎ ﻋﻈﻤﺎﻥ ﺿﺨﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺸ‪‬ﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺎﺵ ﻫﻮ‬

‫‪16‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ "ﺫﺭﺍﻋﺎﻩ"‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺍﻋﲔ "ﺍﳌِﺮ‪‬ﻓﹶﻘﺎﻥ" ﻭﳘﺎ ﺍﻹﺑﺮﺗﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺭﺿﻒ ﺭﻛﺒﺘﻴﻪ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻜﹸﺮﺍﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﺭﺍﻉ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﺻﻐﺎﺭ ﳎﺘﻤﻌﺔ ﰲ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺍﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﺍﻹﺑﺮﺓ" ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺍﻉ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﻕ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳛﻚ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﺼﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻒ ﻭﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﻋﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﹶﺤ‪‬ﻴﺰ‪‬ﻭﻡ ﻓﻮﻳﻖ ﺍﶈﺰِﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻏﺼﺔ" ﻋ‪‬ﻈﹶﻴﻢ ﺷﻜﻠﻪ ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﺍﺭﺓ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﺒﺔ؛ ﻳﺪﻳِﺺ‪ ‬ﺃﻱ ﻳﺬﻫﺐ ﻭﳚﺊ‪ .‬ﰒ‬
‫"ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺎﻥ"‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻴﻪ "ﻗﹶﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎﻩ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻒ ﻣﺎ ﲢﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﺒﺘﲔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﺭﺳﺎﻍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﻓﺰﻧﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻒ "ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺠﺎﻳﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﺼﺒﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻒ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﺎﻫﺎ "ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻎ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ "ﺍﻷَﺑ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﻞﹸ" ﻓِﻌﺮﻕ ﻣﺴﺘﺒﻄﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺍﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻧﻪ "ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﺮ" ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺍﻉ ﺍﻷﲜﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺳﻎ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﺎﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ "ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻗﹾﻤﺘﺎﻥ"‪ ،‬ﻭﳘﺎ ﺣﻠﻘﺘﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺑﻄﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺍﻋﲔ ﻛﺄ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻛﻴ‪‬ﺘﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ "ﺍﻟﺜﱡﻨﺘﺎﱠﻥ"‪ ،‬ﻭﳘﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ‬
‫ﻓﻮﻕ "ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺩﺍﻥ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ "ﺍﻷﺷ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺮ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻊ "ﺍﻷﺷﺎﻋﺮ"‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ "ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻮﺹ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺭﻛﺒﺘﻴﻪ ﻭﺃﺭﺳﺎﻏﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ "ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻼﹶﻣﻴﺎﹶﺕ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻐﲔ‪ .‬ﻭ‬
‫"ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻯ"‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺋﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻷﻋﺎﱄ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ "ﲰﺎﺅﻩ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻷﺳﺎﻓﻠﻪ "ﺃﺭﺿﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﰒ "ﺍﳊﺎﻓﺮ"‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﺮ "ﺩﺧﻴﺴﻪ" ﻭ "ﻧﺴﻮﺭﻩ" ﻭ "ﺣﻮﺍﻣﻴﻪ" ﻭ "ﺣﻮﺍﺷﺮﻩ" ﻭ "ﺩﻭﺍﺑﺮﻩ" ﻭ "ﺳ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻜﻪ" ﻭ "ﺇﻧﺴﻴ‪‬ﻪ‪."‬‬
‫ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﺮ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﲟﱰﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻈﱠﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺩ‪‬ﺧﻴﺴﻪ ﻓﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰲ ﺟﻮﻑ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﺮ ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﻇﻬﺎﺭﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻧ‪‬ﺴﻮﺭﻩ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻮﺍﰐ ﻳﻜﻦ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺑﺎﻃﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﺮ ﻛﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻜﻒ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺩﺍﺑﺮﺓ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﺮ ﻓﻤﺆﺧﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﳛ‪‬ﻔﹶﻰ ﻭﺗﺄﻛﻠﻪ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺒﻚ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﻣﻲ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﺘﻨﻒ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺒﻚ ﻋﻦ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﻳﺴﺎﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ "ﺍﳊﹶﻮ‪‬ﺷﺐ"‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻋﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻎ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﺮ ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﻧﺼﻞ؛ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﻧ‪‬ﺴﻴ‪‬ﻪ‪ ‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺃﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻮﺍﻓﺮﻩ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ ﰲ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺭﺟﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻭ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﺸﻴِﻪ‪ ‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻮﺍﻓﺮ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻭﺭﺟﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻝ‬

‫ﻭﻳﺘﺼﻞ ﲟﺂﺧﲑ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﺭﺟﻼﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ "ﻭ‪‬ﺭِﻛﺎﻩ"‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻛﲔ "ﺣ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻗﹶﻔﹶﺘﺎﳘﺎ" ﻭ "ﺣﺎﺭﻗﺘﺎﳘﺎ" ﻭ "ﻧ‪‬ﻘﺮﺗﺎﳘﺎ" ﻭ‬
‫"ﻗﻮ‪‬ﺍﺭ‪‬ﻤﺎ"‪.‬‬

‫‪17‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﻭﺭﻛﺎﳘﺎ ﻓﺎﻟﻌﻈﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻴﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺠ‪‬ﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺳﻔﻠﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺤﻘﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺫﻟﻚ "ﺍﳋﹶﻮ‪‬ﺭﺍﻥ" ﻭﻫﻮ "ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﺮ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺣﺮﻗﻔﺘﺎﳘﺎ ﻓﺎﻟﻌﻈﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺧﺼﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻣﻌﻠﱠﻖ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻛﲔ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﳉﺎﻋﺮﺗﺎﻥ" ﳘﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﻛﺘﻨﻔﺎﺍﻟﺬﻧﺐ ﻋﻦ ﳝﲔ‬
‫ﻭﴰﺎﻝ‪ .‬ﻭﳘﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ "ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﺘﲔ" ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﻓﺨﺬﻱ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ "ﺍﳊﹶﻤﺎﺗ‪‬ﺎﻥ" ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻜﹶﺎﺫﹶﺗﺎﹶﻥِ" ﻭ "ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺑﺎﻥ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﳊﺎﺩﺑﺎﻥ ﺃﺳﻔﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻧﺐ ﻣ‪‬ﻀﻐﺘﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺬﻳﻦ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﺫﺗﺎﻥ ﲢﺎﺫﻳﺎ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻃﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺬ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻛﻠﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﹶﺤﻤﺎﹶﺗﺎﻥ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻃﺮﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺬﻳﻦ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻗﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻮﻗﻬﻤﺎ "ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺑﻠﺘﺎﻥ"‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻐ‪‬ﺮﺍﺑﺎﻥ"‬
‫ﻋﻈﻤﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻛﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺮﺗﺎﻥ" ﻋﺼﺒﺘﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺬ؛ ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺴﺎ" ﻋﺮﻕ ﰲ ﺑﺎﻃﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ؛‬
‫ﻭ "ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺴﺎ" ﰲ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ "ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻼﹶ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻧﻘﺮﺓ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ "ﺍﻟﻘﹶﻠﹾﺖ‪ ."‬ﰒ "ﺍﻟﻔﺨِﺬ" "ﺧﺼﺎﺋﻞ" ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪﺓ "ﺧﺼﻴﻠﺔ"‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﳊﻢ ﳎﺘﻤﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻞ ﺧﺼﻴﻠﺔ "ﻏﹶﺮ‪ "‬ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺮ‪ ‬ﲬﺼﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳋﺼﻴﻠﺘﲔ ﻛﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﺮﻗﺖ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺟﻞ "ﺍﻟﺜﱠﻔﻨ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺎﻥ"‪ ،‬ﻭﳘﺎ ﻣ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺻِﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺬﻳﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻗﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﳘﺎ ﻋ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﺒﺘﺎﻥ ﻛﺄ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻋ‪‬ﻈﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﰒ "ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎﻗﺎﻥ"؛ ﻭﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎﻗﲔ "ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻘﹾﻮﺍﻥ"‪ ،‬ﻭﳘﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﺬﺍﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﳌﺦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﺦ "ﺍﻟﱠﻨﻘﹸﻲ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ "ﺍﳊﹶﻤﺎﺗﺎﻥ"‪ ،‬ﻭﳘﺎ ﻣ‪‬ﻀﻐﺘﺎﻥ‬
‫ﰲ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻗﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﻬﺎ "ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﻗﻮﺑﺎﻥ"‪ ،‬ﻭﳘﺎ ﺍﳌﻔﺼﻼﻥ ﺍﳌﺘﺼﻼﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺘﲔ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻒ‬
‫"ﺍﻟﻜﻌ‪‬ﺒﺎﻥ"‪ ،‬ﻭﳘﺎ ﻋﻈﻤﺎﻥ ﻋﻨﺪﳘﺎ ﻃﹶﺮ‪‬ﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻕ ﻭﻃﹶﺮ‪‬ﻑ ﺍﻟﻜﹸﺮﺍﻉ؛ ﰒ "ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺎﻥ"‪ ،‬ﻭﳘﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻜﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺭِﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺑﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻒ "ﻋ‪‬ﺠﺎﻳﺘﻪ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﺒﺔﹲ ﲢﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺟﻞ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻎ"‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻒ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﳘﺎ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭ‪‬ﺳﻐﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺠﺎﻳﺘﺎﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻝ‬

‫ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﲑ‪" :‬ﺍﳍﺎﻣ‪‬ﺔﹸ" ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺴﺮ" ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻌﺎﻣﺔ" ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻔﹶﺮﺥ" ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺩ" ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻔﻮﺭ" ﻭ‬
‫"ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻚ" ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻠﺼﻞ" ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺟﺎﺟﺔ" ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻫﺾ" ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻐ‪‬ﺮ‪ "‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻤﺎﹶﻧ‪‬ﻲ" ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺍﺏ" ﻭ "ﺍﻟﹾﺨ‪‬ﻄﱠﺎﻑ" ﻭ‬
‫"ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻤﺎﻣﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺼﻘﺮ" ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻘﹶﻄﹶﺎﺓ" ﻭ "ﺍﳊﹸﺮ‪ "‬ﻭ "ﺍﳊِﺪ‪‬ﺃﹶﺓ" ﻭ "ﺍﳋﹶﺮ‪‬ﺏ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺙ ﺍﻷﺻﻤﻌﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻓﺮﺱ ﺃﺩﻫﻢ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ "ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺑِﺬﹸ" ﻓﺎﺑﺘﻬﺞ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺻﻤﻌﻲ! ﺧﺬ ﺑﻨﺎﺻﻴﺔ "ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺪ" ﰒ ﺻﻔﻪ ﻣﻦ "ﻗﹶﻮ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﺴﻪ" ﺇﱃ "ﺳ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺒﻜﻪ"‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﲰﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﲑ؛ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻧﻌﻢ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ! ﻭﺃﻧﺸﺪﻙ ﺷﻌﺮﺍﹰ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺎﹰ ﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺃﰊ ﺣ‪‬ﺰ‪‬ﺭﺓ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﺄﻧﺸِﺪ‪‬ﻧﺎ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺃﺑﻮﻙ! ﻓﺄﻧﺸﺪﺕ‪:‬‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻫﺎﻤﺘﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﱠﺴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺃَﻗﺏ‪ ‬ﻜﺎﻟﺴ‪‬ﺭﺤﺎﻥ ﺘﻡ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺘﹶﻤ‪‬ﻜﱠﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺩﺍﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺤ‪‬ﺒﺕ ﻨﻌﻤﺎﻤﺘﻪ ﻭﻭ‪‬ﻓﱠﺭ ﻓﺭﺨﻪ‬

‫‪18‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﻫﺎﻡٍ ﺃﺸﻡ‪ ‬ﻤ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺜﱠﻕﹸ ﺍﻟﺠِﺫﺭ‬
‫ﻭﻨﺒﺕ ﺩﺠﺎﺠﺘﻪ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻜﺄﻨﻤﺎ ﻋ‪‬ﺜِﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﺴﺭ‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺸِﻴﻤ‪‬ﺘِﻪِ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﹸﺭ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺩﻴﻤﻪ ﻭﻤﻨﺎﺒِﺕﹸ ﺍﻟﺸﱠﻌ‪‬ﺭِ‬
‫ﻓﺄُﺒﻴﻥ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﹶﺩ‪‬ﺭ‬
‫ﻭﻨﺄﺕ ﺴ‪‬ﻤﺎﻤﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻘﹾﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻨﺄﺕ ﺒﻤﻭﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺤ‪‬ﺭ‬
‫ﺨﹶﺭ‪‬ﺒﺎﻥ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻤ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﻯ ﺍﻟﺸﱢﺒ‪‬ﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺘﻭﺍﺌﻡ ﻜﻤﻭﺍﺴﻡٍ ﺴ‪‬ﻤﺭ‬
‫ﻜﹶﻔﹾﺕِ ﺍﻟﻭﺜﻭﺏ ﻤﺸﱠﺩﺩِ ﺍﻷَﺴﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻨﺎﻑ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﺼﻔﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺴ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻑٍ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺯﺩﺍﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﺩﻴﻜﻴﻥ ﺼ‪‬ﻠﹾﺼﻠﻪ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﻫﻀﺎﻥ ﺃُﻤ‪‬ﺭ ﺠ‪‬ﻠﺯﻫﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻤ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﻨﹾﻔِﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺒﻴﻥ ﻤ‪‬ﻠﹾﺘﹶﺌﻡٍ‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﻔﹶﺕﹾ ﺴ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺎﻨﺎﻩ ﻭﺤﺎﻓﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻭﺴﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺍﺏ ﻟﻤﻭﻗﻌﻴﻪ ﻤﻌﺎﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻜﺘﻥ‪ ‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﻗﺒﻴﺤﻪ ﺨﹸﻁﱠﺎﻓﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺘﹶﻘﹶﺩ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺕﹾ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﹶﻁﺎﻩ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺴﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰِ ﺘﻘﻭﻴﻪ ﺩ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻥ‪ ‬ﺤِﺩ‪‬ﺍﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻴ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﻉ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺭﻀﻴﻡ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺠﺭﻯ ﻓِﻠﹶﻘﺎﹰ‬
‫ﺭ‪‬ﻜﱢﺒﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻤ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﺽِ ﺍﻟﺸﱠﻭﻯ ﺴ‪‬ﺒِﻁٍ‬

‫ﺍﳍﺎﻣﺔ‪ :‬ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﻍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺫﻛﺮﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺴﺮ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﻊ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻄﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﺮ "ﻭ" ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻯ ﻭﺍﳊﺼﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﲑ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺟِﻠﹾﺪ‪‬ﺓﹸ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻐﻄﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﻍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﲑ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺥ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﻍ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﲑ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺩﺍﻥِ‪ :‬ﻋﺮﻗﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ ﻣﻜﺘﻨﻔﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻃﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻳﻖ ﻭﻧﻔﹶﺲ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﳘﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﲑ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ ﺻ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺩ‪ ‬ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺑﻴﺎﺽ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﺮ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺼﻔﻮﺭ‪ :‬ﺃﺻﻞ ﻣﻨﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺼﻔﻮﺭ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ‪ :‬ﻋﻈﻢ ﻧﺎﺗﺊ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺟﺒﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺼﻔﻮﺭ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﺎﻟﺖ ﻭﺭﻗﺖ ﻭﱂ ﲡﺎﻭﺯ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﲔ ﻭﱂ ﺗ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﺘﺪ‪‬ﺭ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻟﻘﹸﺮ‪‬ﺣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﲑ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻚ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺊ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺍﻷﺫﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳋﹸﺸ‪‬ﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻠﹾﺼ‪‬ﻞ‪ :‬ﺑﻴﺎﺽ ﰲ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺟﺎﺟﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺭﻩ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻠﹾﺼ‪‬ﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺟﺎﺟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﲑ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﻫﻀﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﻧﺎﻫﺾ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﳊﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﻜﺒﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻼﳘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﻫﺾ‪ :‬ﻓﹶﺮ‪‬ﺥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﲑ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻐ‪‬ﺮ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻋﻀﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﲑ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﺑﺎﻟﺮ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻤﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺎﻧ‪‬ﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﲑ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺭﺑﻪ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﹶﺮ‪‬ﺱ ﻻ ﺃﺣﻔﻈﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺮﺍﺏ‪ :‬ﺭﺃﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺭِﻙ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﺼ‪‬ﻠﹶﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻐ‪‬ﺮﺍﺑﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﳘﺎ ﻣ‪‬ﻜﹾﺘ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻔﺎ ﻋ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﺐِ ﺍﻟﺬﱠﻧ‪‬ﺐ؛ ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﳘﺎ ﻣﻠﺘﻘﻰ ﺃﻋﺎﱄ ﺍﻟﻮ‪‬ﺭِﻛﹶﻴ‪‬ﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﳋﹸﻄﱠﺎﻑ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﺩﺭﻛﺖ ﻋ‪‬ﻘِﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺱ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺣﺮ‪‬ﻙ‬

‫‪19‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﺭﺟﻠﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻌﲔ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺮﻛﻼﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻤﺎﻣﺔﹸ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﻋ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﲑ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻘﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﺣﺴﺒﻬﺎ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ ﻭﻻ ﺃﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﲑ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﹶﻄﺎﺓﹸ‪ :‬ﻣﻘﹶﻌﺪ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮﺩ‪‬ﻑ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺫﻛﺮﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﹸﺤﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﲑ‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻧﻪ ﺫﻛﹶﺮ ﺍﳊﹶﻤﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‪ :‬ﺳﻮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺃﺫﻧﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﳊِﺪ‪‬ﺃﺓ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺻﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﳍﹶﻤ‪‬ﺰ‪ ‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺧ‪‬ﻔﻒ ﻟﻠﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳋﹶﺮ‪‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻩ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﳌﹸﺪ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﻦ ﰲ ﻭ‪‬ﺭِﻙِ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﲑ ﺫﹶﻛﹶﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﹸﺤﺒ‪‬ﺎﺭﻱ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺱ‬

‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﺤﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﺤﺴﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺸﺒﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺍﳊﹸﺴﻦ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻣﻘﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﺎﳉﹶﻮﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌِﺘ‪‬ﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﳎﻤﻮﻉ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻜﹶﺮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﻠﻤﺎ ﲡﺘﻤﻊ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻓﹶﺮ‪‬ﺱٍ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﹶﺮ‪‬ﻡ ﺑﻘﺪﺭ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﺴﻦ ﺃﻭﺻﺎﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻧ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﻞِ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﻮﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺑ‪‬ﻌﺪ‪ ‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﻧﺎﺻﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺟ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﻔﹶﻠﹶﺘﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻫ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺕ‪ ‬ﺷﺪﻗﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷِﺪ‪‬ﻗﺎﻩ ﻣ‪‬ﺸ‪‬ﻖ‪ ‬ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﻣﺂﺧﺮ ﳊﹾﻴ‪‬ﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﺷﻘﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻴﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻔﹶﺲ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺭﻗﺔ ﺟﺤﺎﻓﻠﻪ ﻭﺳ‪‬ﺒﻮﻃﺘﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﺤﺎﻓﻠﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺣﺪﻫﺎ ﺟ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﻔﹶﻠﹶﺔﹲ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻟﺴﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻜﹰﺜﺮﺓ ﺭﻳﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﻛﺜﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺭﻳﻘﻪ ﻟﻺﺭﺍﺣﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺭﻗﻪ ﺃﺭﻧﺒﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﻧﺒﺘ‪‬ﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﻣﻨﺨﺮﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺤ‪‬ﺴﻦ ﻭﻳ‪‬ﺴﺘﺪﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌِﺘ‪‬ﻖ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺭ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﺐ ﻣ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺨ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳﻪ ﻭﺩﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻃﻮﻝ ﺷﻘﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﻃﻮﻝ ﺃﻋﺎﻟﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﻫ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺕ‪ ‬ﺃﺳﺎﻓﻠﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺮ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﺐ ﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﺴﻦ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻄﻒ ﻣ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻄﻌ‪‬ﻤِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﺘﻄﻌ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﻣ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻨِﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺟ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﻔﻠﹶﺘِﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺤﺴﻦ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺗ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺍﻧِﻲ ﺻﺒ‪‬ﻲ‪ ‬ﻟﹶﺤ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳘﺎ ﳎﺘﻤﻊ ﺃﻃﺮﺍﻓﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﻔﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺤ‪‬ﺴﻦِ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﻗﱠﺔﹸ ﻣ‪‬ﺮﺳِﻨِﻪ ﻭﻟﻄﻔﹸﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺮﺳﻨ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﳊﹶﻜﹶﻤ‪‬ﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺤﺴﻦ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻋﺘﺪﺍﻝ ﻗﺼﺒﺔ ﺃﻧﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺧ‪‬ﻠﻴ‪‬ﻘﺎﺋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻠﻴﻘﺎﺅﻩ‪:‬‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺖ ﺟﺒﻬﺘﻪ ﻭﻗﺼﺒﺔ ﺃﻧﻔﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺪﻣﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺤﺴﻦ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﻗﺔ ﻋ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺿ‪‬ﻲ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻔﻪ ﻭﺳﻬﻮﻟﺘﻬﻤﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻋ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺿﺎﻩ‪ :‬ﻣﺒﺘﺪﺃ ﻣﺎ ﺃﳓﺪﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺼﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﲨﻴﻌﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺤﺴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻌِﺘ‪‬ﻖ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺭﻗﺔ‬
‫ﻧﻮﺍﻫﻘﻪ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺗﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﰲ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻗﺘﻬﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﻗﻠﺔ ﻭﻟﹸﺼ‪‬ﻮﻕ ﺍﳉﻠﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺤﺴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺪﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌِﺘ‪‬ﻖ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻯ‪ ‬ﲰﻮﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳ‪‬ﻤﻮﻣ‪‬ﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﺭﻕ‪ ‬ﻋﻦ ﺻﻼﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻧﱯ ﻗﺼﺒﺔ ﺃﻧﻔﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻼﳘﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻮﺍﻫﻘﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﳎﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﻣﻮﻋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺤﺴﻦ ﻭﻳ‪‬ﺴﺘﺪﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌِﺘﻖ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﺳﺎﻟﺔﹸ ﺧﺪ‪‬ﻳﻪ ﻭﺳﻬﻮﻟﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﻋِﺮﺿ‪‬ﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺳﺎﻟﺘﻬﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﻃﻮﳍﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺤﺴﻦ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺪﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌِﺘﻖ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺭ‪‬ﺣﺐ ﺷ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻩ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﳊﹾﻴ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻪ‬

‫‪20‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﺎﻓﻠﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﺴ‪‬ﻌﺔ ﳐﺮﺝ ﻧ‪‬ﻔﹶﺴﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺭﻗﺔ ﺟﻔﻮﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﻄﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﹸﻘﹾﻠﺘﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻠﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻋﺎﻟﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﺃﺳﺎﻓﻠﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺤﺴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳ‪‬ﺴﺘﺪﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌِﺘ‪‬ﻖ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻧ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﻞﹸ ﻣﻘﻠﺘﻴﻪ ﻭﺻﻔﺎﺅﳘﺎ ﻭﺷﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺍﺩﳘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﹸﻘﹾﻠﹶﺘﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﻠﻬ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﺳ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺤﺴﻦ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺑ‪‬ﻌﺪ‪ ‬ﻣﺪﻯ ﻃﹶﺮ‪‬ﻓﻪ ﻭﺣﺪ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻟﺼﺪﻕ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺿﻴﻖ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺸﺎﺅﳘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌ‪‬ﺪ ﻋﻴﻨﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺫﻧﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﻗﹾﺒﺎﻩ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﹾﺮﺗﺎﻥ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻋﻴﻨﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺭﻗﱠﻪ‪ ‬ﺣﺎﺟﺒﻪ‬
‫ﳑﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﺴﺘﺪﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋِﺘ‪‬ﻘﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋِﺮ‪‬ﺽ ﺟﺒﻬﺘﻪ ﻭﻋ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻭﻟﺼﻮﻕ ﺟﻠﺪﻫﺎ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺒﻬﺘﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﲢﺖ ﺃﺫﻧﻴﻪ ﻭﻓﻮﻕ‬
‫ﻋﻴﻨﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺎﻣﺘﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺃﺫﻧﻴﻪ ﻭﺟ‪‬ﻠﹶﺪ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﻟﹸﻄﹸﻒ ﻃﻴ‪‬ﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺤﺴﻦ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺭﻗﺔ ﺍﻷﺫﻧﲔ ﻭﻟﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﺗﻄﹾﺮِﻳ‪‬ﻘﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﺮﻳﻖ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻟﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺩﻗﺔ ﺃﻃﺮﺍﻓﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺤﺴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺪﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺘﻖ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺫﻧﲔ ﺷِﺪ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺼﺪﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺳ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻮﻃﺔ ﻧﺎﺻﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﻃﻮﳍﺎ ﻭﺷﺪﺓ ﺳﻮﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﻟﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﲔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻜﲑ ﻭﻃﻤﺄﻧﻴﻨﺘﻪ ﰲ ﻣﻨﺒﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻜﲑ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﻃﺎﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺻﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺼﲑ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺪﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌِﺘ‪‬ﻖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺑﲔ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺘﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﻭﺟ‪‬ﺪﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺧﺸﻮﻧﺔ ﱂ ﻳﺴﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻫ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﻨﺔٍ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻨﻘﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﻧﺎﺻﻴﺘﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻋ‪‬ﺬﺭﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋ‪‬ﺬﹾﺭ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺎﻫﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻌﺮ ﻋ‪‬ﺮﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﳊﺴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺷﺪ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺟﺮﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻋﲎ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺆﻧﺜﺔ؛ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﱠﻛﹶﺮ ﺃﺣﻮﺝ ﺇﱃ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻖ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻧﺜﻰ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻷﻥ ﻋ‪‬ﻨﻖ ﺍﻟﺬﹼﻛﺮ ﻏﻠﻴﻈﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻄﻮﳍﺎ ﻣﺘﻤﻢ ﻟِﻌ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻘِﻬﺎ ﻭﺣﺴ‪‬ﻨِﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻖ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻧﺜﻰ ﺭﻗﻴﻘﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻄﻮﻟﹸﻬﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﻀﻌﻔﻬﺎ ﻭﻳﺬﻫﺐ ﲜﻤﺎﳍﺎ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻗﹸﺘ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺒﺔ‪" :‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﺮﻩ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳉﹸﺴ‪‬ﺄﺓ"‪ .‬ﻭﺫﹸﻛِﺮ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﺴﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﻓﹶﺮﻕ‪ ‬ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺘﺎﻕ ﻭﺍﳍﹸﺠ‪‬ﻦ ﺑﺎﻷﻋﻨﺎﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﺪﻋﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻄﺴﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﺀ ﻓﻮﺿﻌﺖ ﺑﺎﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺛﲎ ﺳ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻜﻪ ﰒ ﺷﺮﺏ ﻫﺠ‪‬ﻨﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﺷﺮﺏ ﻭﱂ ﻳ‪‬ﺜﹾﻦ ﺳﻨﺒﻜﻪ ﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﻋﺘﻴﻘﺎﹰ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺭﻗﺔ ﻣﺬﲝﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﻋﻨﻘﻪ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ‪ ،‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺤﺴﻦ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﻗﺔ ﺳﺎﻟﻔﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺎﻟﻔﺘﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺩﻕ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﻘﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻗﹶﺬﹶﺍﻟﻪ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺧ‪‬ﺸ‪‬ﺸﺎﻭ‪‬ﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧ‪‬ﺸ‪‬ﺸ‪‬ﺎﻭ‪‬ﺍﻩ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺧﺼﺎﻥ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺃﺫﻧﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺤﺴﻦ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌِﺘ‪‬ﻖ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﻓﺮﺍﻉ ﻋ‪‬ﻼﹶﺑﻴِﻪ‪ ‬ﻭﺷﺪﺓ ﻣﺮﻛﱠﺒ ِﻬﻤِﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋِﻠﺒﺎﻭﺍﻩ‪ :‬ﻋﺼﺒﺘﺎﻥ ﲢﺖ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺷﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﺒﺖ ﻋ‪‬ﺮﻓﹶﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﺷﺪ ﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﻋﻨﻘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻫﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻓﺮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻼﰊ‪ ‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻋﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻧﺼﺒﺎ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻋﻨﻘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﻠﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏ ﺟِﺮ‪‬ﺍﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻓﺮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﹶﰊ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﳓﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﳉﺮ‪‬ﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﺸﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻨﻖ؛ ﻭﺟﺮﺍﻧﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻓﺮﻕ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻳﺌﻪ ﻭﺣ‪‬ﻠﹾﻘﻮﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻠﺪﺓ ﺑﺎﻃﻦ ﻋﻨﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﺭﺣﺐ ﳌﺨﺮﺝ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻫ‪‬ﺎِﺩِﻳﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺎﺩﻳﻪ ﻋﻨ‪‬ﻘﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺸﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﻦ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﻓﺮﺍﻉ ﻛﺘﻔﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺣ‪‬ﺎﺭِﻛِﻪِ ﻭﻏﻤﻮﺿﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﺎﻟﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻓﺮﺍﻋ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻋﻬﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺣﺎﺭﻛﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋ‪‬ﺮﻯ‪ ‬ﺃﹶﺧ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺗﺄﻧﻴﻔﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺧﺮﻣﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﳘﺎ ﺭﺀُﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻔﲔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﺪﻳﻦ‪،‬‬

‫‪21‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﻭﻋ‪‬ﺮﻳﻬﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﻗﻠﺔ ﳊﻤﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺄﻧﻴﻔﹸﻬﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ .‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺑ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺪ‪ ‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﻣﻨﻜﺒﻴﻪ ﻭﺭﺣﺐ ﻟﺒﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ‬
‫ﺟﻮﺍﳓﻪ ﳌﺨﺮﺝ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺷﺘﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺌﺎﻡ ﺭﺀﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﺪﻳﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻔﲔ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻧ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻮﺀﻣ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳﻪ ﻭﻛﺜﺮﺓﹸ ﳊﻤﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﻌﺪ‪‬ﺍﻩ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ ﺍﻟﻐﻠﻴﻆ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﰲ ﺟﻨﺒﻴﻪ ﺧﻠﻒ ﻛﺘﻔﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳘﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻓﱠﺘﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﺝ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘ‪‬ﺤﺐ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﺸﺪ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻭﺇﺟﻔﺎﺭ ﻣﺎ ﲢﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﻠﻮﻉ ﻟﺘ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻔﱡﺴﻪ ﲟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻠﹶﺘ‪‬ﲔ‪ ،‬ﻷ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻰ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻮِ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺿﺎﻕ ﻣﻜﺎ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻔﺨﺘﺎ ﺿﻐﻄﺘﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﻓﹶﻐ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺎﻩ‪ ‬ﻓﺄﺧﺬﻩ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﹶﻜﹶﺮ‪‬ﺏ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﻠﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺼﺮ‬
‫ﻇﻬﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺪ‪ ‬ﻇﻬﺮﻩ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﺣﺎﺭﻛﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﻔﻠﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﹸﺼ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺻ‪‬ﻠﺒﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻋﺘﺪﺍﻝ ﺻﻠﺒﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺪﺍﻟﹸﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﺅﻩ ﻭﻋﺮﺽ ﻓِﻘﹶﺮﻩِ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔِﻘﺮ ﲨﻊ ﻓﹶﻘﹾﺮ‪‬ﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺧ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺯ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ ﺍﳌﹶﺤ‪‬ﺎﻝﹸ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺸﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﻦ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﹶﺤﺐ‪ ‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳊﹸﺒﻪ‪ :‬ﺿﻤﻮﺭ ﳊﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺮﺱ ﻣ‪‬ﻠﹾﺤﻮﺏ ﻣﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﹰﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﹶﺧ‪‬ﻈﹶﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳋﹾﻈﺎﹶ‪ .‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﳊﻢ ﺍﳌﺘ‪‬ﻨﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻠﺐ ﻭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﺟﻪ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻏﲑﻩ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﻠﺤﻮﺏ ﺃﺷﺪ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻﹰ ﻟﻠﺮ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻮِ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺧ‪‬ﻈﹶﻰ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺭﺣﻴﺐ ﺍﳉﻮﻑ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﺟﻔﺎﺭ ﺟﻨﺒﻴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺟﻔﺎﺭﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﳓﻨﺎﺀ ﺿﻠﻮﻋﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﺎﻟﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﺍﺗﺴﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻭﻃﻮﳍﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﻋﺮﺿﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﺳ‪‬ﺒﻮﻍ ﺍﻷﺿﻼﻉ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺒﻮﻍ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻝ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺭ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﺐ‪ ‬ﺇﻫﺎﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻫﺎﺑﻪ‪ :‬ﺟﻠﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺣﺒﻪ‪ :‬ﺳﻌﺘﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﻗِﻔﹶﻴ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻮﻗﻔﺎﻩ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺳﻂ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻛﻠﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻰ ﺍﻷﻃﹾﺮ‪‬ﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺸﺪﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺷﺪﺓ ﺣ‪‬ﻘﹾﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻘﻮ‪‬ﻩ‪ :‬ﻣ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺻِﻞ ﺻﻠﺒﻪ ﰲ ﻋ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﺰِﻩِ ﻣﺴﺘﺪﺑﺮﺍﹰ ﲟﺎ‬
‫ﻇﻬﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻄﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺠﻴﺐ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻋِﺮ‪‬ﺿﻪ ﻭﻛﺜﺮﺓ ﳊﻤﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﺀ ﳊﻤﻪ ﻣﻊ ﻇﻬﺮﻩ ﻭﻗﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻃﹾﺮ‪‬ﺗﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻗﹶﻄﺎﺗ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻛﺜﺮﺓ‬
‫ﳊﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻄﺎﺗﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﻘﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺩﻑ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﺸﺪﺓ ﻭﺻﻞ " " ﻋ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﺰِﻩ ﰲ ﺻﻠﺒﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﺷﺮﺍﻑ‬
‫ﺣ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﺘﻴﻪ ﻭﺗﺄﻧﻴﻔﹸﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﺑ‪‬ﻌﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﺒﺘﺎﻩ‪ :‬ﳘﺎ ﺣﺮﻗﻔﺘﺎﻩ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻭ‪‬ﺭﻛﹶﻴ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻛﺜﺮﺓ ﳊﻤﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﻃﻮﳍﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻟﺼﻮﻕ ﺍﳉﻠﺪ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺳﻔﺢ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﺃﹶﺻ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻕ‪ ‬ﳍﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﲎ ﺑﺎﻟﺴ‪‬ﻔﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﰲ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺄﺧﻮﺫ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻔﺢ ﺍﳉﺒﻞ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﳍﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ‪ .‬ﻭﻋِﺮ‪‬ﺽ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻛﲔ ﺧﲑ ﳍﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﱡﻮﻝ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺷﺪﺓ ﻋ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﻴﻪ ﻭﻏِﻠﹸﻈﻪ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺇﻓﺮﺍﻁ ﰲ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻭﻻ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﺸﺪﺗﻪ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ‬
‫ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺣﺎﻻﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻐﻤﻮﺽ ﻭﺍﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎﺭ ﺑﺮ‪‬ﻛﺘﻪ ﰲ ﳓﻮﻩ‪ .‬ﻭﺑِﺮ‪‬ﻛﺘ‪‬ﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻧﻀﻤﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﹶﻬ‪‬ﺪﺗﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﺎﻟﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺇﱃ ﻏﹸﻀﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺍﻋﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻃﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺟﺆﺟﺌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺆﺟﺆ‪‬ﻩ‪ :‬ﻣﻠﺘﻘﻰ ﻓﻬﺪﺗﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﺎﻓﻠﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﹶﻬ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺗﺎﻩ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻤﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺌﺘﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺻﺪﺭﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋِﺮﺽ‪ ‬ﺑ‪‬ﻠﹾﺪ‪‬ﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻠﺪﺗﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺪﺗﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﺎﻓﻠﻬﻤﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻀﺪﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺭ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﻞ ﺻﺪﺭﻩ ﻭﺑﺮﻛﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺟﺌﻪ ﻭﻓﻬﺪﺗﻴﻪ ﻭﺑﻠﺪﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﺷﺪ ﻟﺼﺪﺭﻩ ﻭﺃﺷﺮﺡ ﳌﻨﻜﺒﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﹶﺼ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻀﺪﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻴﺨﺮﺝ ﻣ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻜِﺒﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﻣِﺮ‪‬ﻓﹶﻘﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺼﺮﺕ ﺩﻓﻌﺖ ﻣ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻛﺐ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻒ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﺗﺒﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺍﻉ ﻓﺪﺧﻠﺖ؛ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﺎﻟﺖ ﺭﻓﻌﺖ‬

‫‪22‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

‫ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺍﻉ ﺣﱴ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻣِﺮ‪‬ﻓﹶﻘﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﺷﺪ ﻟﺘ‪‬ﻔﹶﺮ‪‬ﻕِ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻀﺪﺍﻩ‪ :‬ﳘﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﺬﺍﻥ ﺑﲔ ﻛﺘﻔﻪ ﻭﺫﺭﺍﻋﻴﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﳓﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﹶﺼ‪‬ﻪ‪ :‬ﻭﻗﻀ‪‬ﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻫﺎﺑﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﺃﺳﻔﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺪﺗﲔ ﻭﺁﺧﺮ ﻓﹶﻠﻚِ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﺗﻨﻘﻄﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﻧﺢ ﻭﺗﺘﻔﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻀﻠﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﺳ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻎﹸ ﻟﻀﻠﻮﻋﻪ ﻭﺃﰎ ﻷﺧﺬﻩ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺫﺭﺍﻋﻴﻪ ﻭﻋ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺎﻟﺘﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﺭﺍﻋﺎﻩ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺑﲔ ﻋﻀﺪﻳﻪ ﻭﺭﻛﺒﺘﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒﺎﻟﺘ‪‬ﻬﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﻈﻤﻬﻤﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺭﺧﺎﻭﺓ ﻣ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﻏﹶﺘﻪ ﻭﻋِﻈﹶﻢ‪ ‬ﻧﺎﻫﻀﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺩﻏﺔ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﰲ ﺃﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻔﻬﻤﺎ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻀﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﻫﺾ‪ :‬ﺧ‪‬ﺼِﻴﻠﹶﺔﹸ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺷﺰﺓ ﻓﻮﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻠﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻈﻤﺖ ﻭﻋﺘﺮﺕ ﻭﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺧﲑ ﻟﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﺜﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻐﻀﻮﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻬﺪﺗﲔ ﻭﺑﺎﻃﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺍﻉ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺑﻄﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﹶﺳ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺡ‪ ‬ﻟﻴﺪﻳﻬﺈﺫﺍ ﺟﺮﻯ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻄﻒ ﺯﻭﺭﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﳌﺮﻓﻘﲔ ﻭﻋ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻭﺭﻩ‪:‬‬
‫ﻗﺼ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋِﻈﻢ ﻋ‪‬ﻈﹾﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺍﻋﲔ ﻭﻏﻠﻆ ﺣﺒﺎﳍﻤﺎ ﻭﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﻏﺮﻭﺭﳘﺎ؛ ﻓﺤﺒﺎﳍﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻐ‪‬ﺮﻭﺭ‪ :‬ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﺒﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﺍﺋﻖ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻔﺮﻕ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻄﺎﻓﺔ ﺭﻛﺒﺘﻴﻪ ﻭﺷﺪﺓ‬
‫ﲰﻮﻣﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻛﺮﺍﺏ ﺃﹶﺳ‪‬ﺮِﻫ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻗﺮﺏ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺸﺪﺓ ﻭﻗﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻭ‪‬ﺻ‪‬ﻞﹸ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺍﻉ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺘﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻄﺄ ﻟﻔﺘﻮﺭﳘﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻗِﺼ‪‬ﺮ‪ ‬ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻭﻋِﺮﺿﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﺃﺣﺪﻳﺪﺍﺏ ﻗﹶﻴ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻴﻬ‪‬ﻤِﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻮﻇﻴﻔﺎﻩ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺭﻛﺒﺘﻴﻪ ﻭﺟ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺘﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻨﺎﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻈﱡﻨ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻮﺑﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﳘﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﱘ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺼﻮﻕ ﺟﻠﺪﳘﺎ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﻠﺔ ﺣﺸﻮﳘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺮﺵ ﻋﺼﺒﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻭﻋﺒﺎﻟﺘﻬﻤﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻄﺎﻓﺔ ‪‬ﺟﺒ‪‬ﺘِﻪ ﻭﺗ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺘﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﻠﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﲔ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﹶﺤ‪‬ﻮﺷﺐ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺻﻐﺮ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺠﺎﻳﺔ ﻭﻗﻠﺔ ﳊﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺻﻐﺮ ﻗﹶﻤ‪‬ﻌﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺠﺎﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﺆﺧﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺒﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻔﹶﺮ‪‬ﻕ ﻋﺼﺐ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﺜﱡﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻨ‪‬ﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﺮ ﰲ ﻣﺆﺧﺮ ﺍﳉﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻤ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﺟﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﺜﻨ‪‬ﺔِ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﹾﻌ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‪ .‬ﻻ ﻳﻨﺒﺖ ﺷﻌﺮﺍﹰ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﻛﺮﺍﺏ ﺭﺳﻐﻴﻪِ ﻭﻋﺒﺎﻟﺘﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻏﹶﻠﹶﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺳﻎ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳉﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺷﻌﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻛﺮﺍﺑﻪ‪ :‬ﺷﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺃﺳﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒﺎﻟﺘﻪ‪ :‬ﻏﻠﻈﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﻠﺒ‪‬ﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﺣﺪﻳﺪﺍﺑﻪ ﻣﻊ ﻏﻠﻈﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺑﺎﻃﻦ ﺍﻟﹶﺤ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺷﺐ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﹾﻘِﺮ‪‬ﺩﺍﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﻮﺷﺐ‪ :‬ﻋ‪‬ﻈﹾﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻘِﺮ‪‬ﺩﺍﻥ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﺍﳍﹶﺰ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺔﹸ ﰲ ﺑﺎﻃﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺸﺪﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋِﻈﻢ ﺣﺎﻓﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻓﺠﺎﺝ ﺣﻮﺍﻣﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣِﺪ‪‬ﺓﹸ ﺳﻨﺒﻜﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺑ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﹶﻟﹾﻴ‪‬ﺔِ ﺣﺎﻓﺮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷَﻟﹾﻴ‪‬ﺔﹸ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﰲ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﻣﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺆﺧﺮ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺤﺐ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﺼﱪﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻚ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻮﻗﻪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺪﺓ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﺜﺮﺓ ﳊﻢ ﻛﺎﺫﹶﺗ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﻋِﺮ‪‬ﺽ ﻓﺎﺋﻠﻬﻤﺎ؛ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻼﺋﻼﻥ‪ :‬ﺩﻭﺍﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺬﻳﻦ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﳘﺎ ﺃﺳﻔﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺫﺗﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋِﻈﹶﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻠﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻠﺘﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﻣﻠﺘﻘﻰ ﺑﺎﻃﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺬﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻼﳘﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺴﺘ‪‬ﺤﺐ ﻟﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺬﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﰲ ﻋ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻭﻩ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺞ ﺛﹶﻔِﻨ‪‬ﺘﻴ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻧﻀﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻭﻟﺼﻮﻕ ﺍﳉﻠﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺭﺀﻭﺳﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﱠﻔِﻨﺘﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﳘﺎ ﻣ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻛﱠﺐ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺬﻳﻦ ﰲ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻗﲔ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺳ‪‬ﺘﺤِﺐ‪ ‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﻷ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ‬

‫‪23‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﻭ‪‬ﻟﱢﺠﺘﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﲨﻊ ﻟﺮﺟﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺃﺧﺬﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻗﻮﻯ ﳍﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻮﻗﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺻﱪ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﹸﺤ‪‬ﻀ‪‬ﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﺩﺧﻮﳍﻤﺎ ﲢﺖ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻮﻗﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻘﻞ ﺟﺴﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﻧﻘﻼ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻬﻤﺎ ﻟﻠﻀﻌﻒ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺟﻠﲔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﻘﻠﺒﺖ ﺛﹶﻔِﻨ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺎﳘﺎ ﺍﺗﺴﻊ ﺭ‪‬ﻓﹾﻌ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻭﺧﻼ ﻣﺎ ﲢﺖ ﺟﺴﺪﻩ ﻻﻧﻔﺘﺎﺣﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﺳﺮﻉ ﻟﻔﺘﻮﺭﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺿﻌﻒ ﻟﺮﺟﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻗِﺼ‪‬ﺮ‪ ‬ﺳﺎﻗﻴﻪ ﻭﻋِﺮ‪‬ﺿﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻨﻴﺐ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺴﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋِﻈﹶﻢ‪ ‬ﺣ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺎﺗ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﺍﻧ‪‬ﺘِﺒ‪‬ﺎﺭ‪‬ﳘﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﻤﺎﺓ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺧﺺ ﰲ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻗﲔ ﻣﻦ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﳘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋ‪‬ﺮﻯ‪ ‬ﺑﻮﺍﻃﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻧ‪‬ﺴﻴ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺴﺎ‪ :‬ﻋِﺮﻕ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺑﺎﻃﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻕ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﺗﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﻠﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﻟﺸﺪﺓ ﺍﻧﻘﺒﺎﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮﺟ‪‬ﻠﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺡ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺮ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺻﻐﺮ ﻛﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﻭﺻ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﻟﺼﻮﻕ ﺍﳉﻠﺪ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻋ‪‬ﺮﻯ ﻣ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺠﻤﻴﻬﻤﺎ؛ ﻭﻛﻌﺒﺎﻩ‪ :‬ﳘﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﻗﲔ؛ ﻭﺻﻤﻌﻬﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﺻﻼﺑﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﺍﻛﺘﻨﺎﺯﳘﺎ؛ ﻭﺍﳌﹶﻨ‪‬ﺠِﻤﺎﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻈﻤﺎﻥ ﺷﺎﺧﺼﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺑﺎﻃﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺐ ﻭﺻ‪‬ﻞ ﳛ‪‬ﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺷﺪﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻄﻮﻝ ﺻ‪‬ﻜﱠﻪ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺟﻠﻪ ﻭﺷﺪﺓ ﻗﺒﻀﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﱂ ﻳ‪‬ﻀ‪‬ﺒِﺮ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺄﻧﻴﻒ ﻋ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻗﻮﺑﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﺅﳘﺎ ﺑ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﺐ ﻣﺆﺧﺮ ﺭﺟﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺷﺪﺓ ﻟﺼﻮﻕ ﺍﳉﻠﺪ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺤﺐ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻟﻠﺸﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﻧﻘﺒﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻠﲔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻴﻪ ﻭﻋﺮﺿﻬﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺮﺿﺘﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣِﺪ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻭﺩﻗﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﻠﺘﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﺅﳘﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺪﺑﺮ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﻠﻪ ﻟﻠﺸﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﱪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻟﹸﺤ‪‬ﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻠﲔ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻠﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﺻﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻐﲔ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻓﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻏﲑ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﺼﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻐﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻠﲔ ﻣﻐ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻔﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻝ‬

‫ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﻟﻠﻔﺮﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺷﺒﻴﻬﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺧ‪‬ﻠﹾﻘِﻪ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻈﱠﺒ‪‬ﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﻤﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻌﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺭﻧﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﺋﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻌﻠﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻤ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﰲ ﺻﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺧ‪‬ﻠﹾﻖ ﺍﻟﻈﱯ‪ :‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﹶﻲ‪ ‬ﺭﺟﻠﻴﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺄﻧﻴﻒ ﻋ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻗﻮﺑﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋِﻈﹶﻢ ﻓﺨﺬﻳﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺜﺮﺓ ﳊﻤﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋِﻈﹶﻢ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﺭِﻛﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﺪﺓ ﻣﺘﻨﻪ ﻭﻇﻬﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺟﻔﺎﺭ ﺟﻨﺒﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗِﺼ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻀﺪﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﻞﹸ ﻣﻘﻠﺘﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳊﻮﻕ‬
‫ﺃﻳﺎﻃﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺤﺴﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺧ‪‬ﻠﹾﻖ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﺐ‪ :‬ﻫ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺕ‪ ‬ﺷﺪﻗﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﻮﻝ ﻟﺴﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺜﺮﺓ ﺭﻳﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳓﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﺼ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺒﻮﻍ‬
‫ﺿﻠﻮﻋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﻮﻝ ﺫﺭﺍﻋﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹸﺤ‪‬ﻮﻕ ﺑﻄﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺣﻜﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻣ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﻠِﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋ‪‬ﻤﺮﻭٍ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻢ ﻟﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﻣﺼﺮ ﻟﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻟﻪ ﺧﻴﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻋﻠﻢ ﱄ ﺑﺎﳋﻴﻞ‪،‬‬

‫‪24‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻗﹶﻨ‪‬ﺺٍ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﻟﺴﺖ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻛﻼﺏ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ! ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻧﻈﺮ ﻛﹸﻞﱠ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﺤﺴﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺑﺮ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺪِﻡ‪ ‬ﺑِﺨ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻞٍ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﳑﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺴﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺧ‪‬ﻠﹾﻖ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺸﻲ‪ :‬ﻏﻠﻆﹸ ﳊﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻇﻤﺄ ﻓﺼﻮﺻﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﲤﹶﺤ‪‬ﺺ‪ ‬ﻋﺼﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﲤﻜﹸﻦ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺳﺎﻏﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﲤﺤﻴﺼﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋِﺮ‪‬ﺽ ﺻ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﻮﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﳑﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺴﻦ ﰲ ﺧ‪‬ﻠﹾﻘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺧ‪‬ﻠﹾﻖ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﺮﺽ ﺟﺒﻬﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻠﺔ ﳊﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏ ﺟﺮﺍﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﻮﻝ ﺫﺭﺍﻋﻴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻋِﺮ‪‬ﺽ ﻛﺘﻔﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﳑﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺴﻦ ﰲ ﺧﻠﻘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪ :‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺼﺮ ﺳﺎﻗﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻯ ﺃﹶﻳ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺤﺴﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﲑ‪ :‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﺫﺭﺍﻋﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒﺎﻟﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻇِﻔﹶﺘِﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﻧﺐ‪ :‬ﺻﻐﺮ ﻛﻌﺒﻴﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﺋﺐ‪ :‬ﺷ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺢ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻴ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻌﻠﺐ‪ :‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧ‪ ‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺷ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻈﱯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺮﺅ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺲ ﺑﻦ ﺣ‪‬ﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻭﺻﻒ ﻓﺮﺳﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺒﻤ‪‬ﻨﹾﺠ‪‬ﺭﺩٍ ﻗﹶﻴﺩِ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﺒﺩ ﻫ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻜﹶﻝِ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﺍﹶﻏﹾﺘﹶﺩِﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻭ‪‬ﻜﹸﻨﹶﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻜﺠﻠﻤﻭﺩ ﺼ‪‬ﺨﹾﺭٍ ﺤ‪‬ﻁﱠﻪ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻝ ﻤﻥ ﻋ‪‬ﻝِ‬ ‫ﻤِﻜﹶﺭ‪ ‬ﻤِﻔﹶﺭٍ ﻤﻘﺒﻝٍ ﻤ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﺒﺭٍ ﻤﻌﺎﹰ‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺯ‪‬ﻟﱠﺕ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻔﹾﻭﺍﺀ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺘﻨﺯﻝ‬ ‫ﻜﹸﻤ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺕٍ ﻴ‪‬ﺯِﻝﱡ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﺒ‪‬ﺩ ﻋﻥ ﺤﺎﻝ ﻤﺘﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺃﺜﺭﻥ ﻏﺒﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﺒﺎﻟﻜﹶﺩِﻴ‪‬ﺩِ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﱠﻝ‬ ‫ﻤِﺴ‪‬ﺢ‪ ٍ‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﺤﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﻨﻰ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺠﺎﺵ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺤ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻪ ﻏﹶﻠﹾﻲ‪ ‬ﻤِﺭﺠ‪‬ﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻘﹾﺏ ﺠﻴﺎﺵ ﻜﺄﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻫﺘﺯﺍﻤﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻴ‪‬ﻠﻭﻯ ﺒﺄﺜﻭﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻘﱠﻝ‬ ‫ﻴﻁﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺨِﻑﱡ ﻋﻥ ﺼ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺒﻘﻠﺏ ﻜﹶﻔﻴ‪‬ﻪ‪ ‬ﺒﺨﻴﻁ ﻤ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﻝ‬ ‫ﺩ‪‬ﺭِﻴﺭ ﻜﹶﺨﹸﺫﹾﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻭﻟﻴﺩ ﺃَﻤﺭ‪‬ﻩ‬
‫ﻭﺇﺭﺠﺎﺀ ﺴِﺭ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﺎﻥٍ ﻭﺘﻘﺭﻴﺏ ﺘﹶﺘﹾﻔﹸﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ﺃﻴ‪‬ﻁﹶﻼﹶ ﻅﺒﻲٍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴﺎﻗﺎ ﻨﻌﺎﻤﺔٍ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺒﻴﻪ ﰲ ﻗﺼﺪﻩ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺎﺀ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨﺩﻯ ﻴﺠﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﻝ ﻤِﺫﹾﻨﹶﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﺍﻏﺘﺩﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﱠﻴ‪‬ﺭ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ ﻭﻜﻨﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻁِﺭ‪‬ﺍﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﻜﻝﱠ ﺸﺄﻭ ﻤ‪‬ﻐﺭ‪‬ﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻨﺠﺭﺩ ﻗﹶﻴ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﺒﺩ ﻻﹶﺤ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﹶﻌ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﺍﺀِ ﺴﺭﺤﻪ ﻤﺭﻗﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷَﻴ‪‬ﻥ ﺠ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺎﺵٍ ﻜﺄﻥ‪ ‬ﺴﺭﺍﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺘﺭﻯ ﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻜﺄﻨﻪ ﻋﻭﺩ ﻤﺸﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺨﹶﻨﹸﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻝﱠ ﺯِﻤﺎﻋ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺼﻬﻭﺓﹸ ﻋ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺭٍ ﻗﺎﺌﻡ ﻓﻭﻕ ﻤ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﻗﹶﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ﺃﻴﻁﻼ ﻅﺒﻲ ﻭﺴﺎﻗﺎ ﻨﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﺍﺀ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺒﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﺉ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺲ ﻓﹶﺠ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪25‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬

‫ﺃﻟﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻝ‬
‫ﻭﺫﻜﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺭﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺠﻴﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍﺌﺭ‬

‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺃﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ‪ :‬ﺑﻴﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻮﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﲪﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻ‪‬ﻔﹾﺮﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻤﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻔﻮﺓ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻳﺮﺟﻌﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻳﻨﺸﺄﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﺫِﻛﹾﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﻫﻮ "ﺃﹶﺷ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﺐ‪ ‬ﻗِﺮ‪‬ﻃﺎﺳﻲ‪ ،"‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﺧﺎﻟﻄﹶﺘ‪‬ﻪ ﺻﻔﺮﺓ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﺷﻬﺐ ﺳ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﲏ‪ ."‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻟﻄﺘﻪ ﲪﺮﺓ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺻﻨﺎﱠﰊ"‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﺧﺎﻟﻄﻪ ﺳﻮﺍﺩ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺣﺪﻳﺪﻱ"‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﻏﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﻛﺎﻓﻮﺭﻱ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺜﻠﻪ‬
‫"ﺃﺷﻬﺐ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑ‪‬ﻘﹶﻊ‪ ‬ﲣﺎﻟﻔﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﻣ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻟﱠﻊ"‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﺻﻐﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﻊ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﺑﻘﻊ"‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﻧ‪‬ﻜﺘ‪‬ﻪ‪ ‬ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﻣ‪‬ﻔﹶﻠﱠﺲ‪ ،"‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﺯﺍﺩﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﻣ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﺮ"‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﺗﻔﺮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻬﻲ "ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ "ﺃﺷ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻢ‪،"‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺻﻐﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﻭﻛﺜﺮﺕ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﺭﻗﻂ"‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﺯﺍﺩﺕ ﺻﻐﺮﺍﹰ ﻭﻛﺜﺮﺓ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺮ‪ ،"‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﺗﻨﺎﻫﺖ ﺻﻐﺮﺍﹰ‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﳕﺶ" ﻭ "ﺃﺑﺮﺵ"‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺷﺒﻴﻬﺔ ﻃﺮﺍﺋﻖ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﳎﺰ‪‬ﻉ"‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﺻﻐﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﺍﺋﻖ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﻣ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺏ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺩ‪ :‬ﺍﳋﺎﻟﺺ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺩ ﻫﻮ "ﺃﹶﺩ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،"‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺩ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﻏﹶﻴ‪‬ﻬﱯ‪ ،"‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﺷﺘﺪ ﺳﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻀﺮﺏ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﹸﻀ‪‬ﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺪﺗﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﺧﻀﺮ"؛ ﻭﻫﻮ "ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺰ‪‬ﺝ‪ "‬ﰲ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻢ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﻀﺮﺓ ﻓﻬﻮ‬
‫"ﺃﺣ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻯ"؛ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺧﺎﻟﻄﺖ ﺳﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﺷ‪‬ﻘﹾﺮﺓ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﺩﺑﺲ‪ ،"‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﺧﺎﻟﻄﻪ ﺃﺩﱏ ﲪﺮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺻﻔﺮﺓ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﺣ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،"‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﻳﻀﺮﺏ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻘﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﺩ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺍﻷَﻭ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﻕ"‪ ،‬ﻭﳓﻮﻩ "ﺍﻷﻛﹾﻬ‪‬ﺐ‪ ،"‬ﻭﺩﻭﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺩ‬
‫"ﺍﻷﺭﺑﺪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳊﻤﺮﺓ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﲪﺮ ﺍﳋﺎﻟﺺ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺳﻮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﺮﻓﻪ ﻭﺫﻳﻠﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﻭ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺩ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺜﻰ "ﻭﺭﺩﺓ" ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻊ "ﻭِﺭ‪‬ﺍﺩ‪ ،"‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﲪﺮﺗﻪ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺍﺩ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﻛﹸﻤﻴﺖ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻷﻧﺜﻰ ﺑﻠﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ‪ ،،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺼﻐﺮ؛ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻛﹶﻤ‪‬ﺖ‪ ‬ﻭﻻ ﻛﻤﺘﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺄﻥ ﺍﺷﺘﺪﺕ ﲪﺮﺗﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺩ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﻛﹸﻤ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺖ‪ ‬ﻣ‪‬ﺪﻣ‪‬ﻲ"‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﺻﻔﺮﺕ ﲪﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻮ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺩِ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺳﻮﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺮﻓﹸﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺫﻳﻠﹸﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﹶﺷ‪‬ﻘﹶﺮ‪ ،"‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻛﻤﺘﺘﻪ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﻭ‪‬ﺭﺩ ﺃﹶﻏﺒﺲ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ "ﺍﳌﺴ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺪ‪"‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﺭﻧﺖ ﲪﺮﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺩ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﺻ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺃﹸ"‪ ،‬ﻣﺄﺧﻮﺫ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺪﺇ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻤﺮﺓ ﻓﻬﻲ "ﺍﳉﹸﺆ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺓﹸ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ "ﺃﺟ‪‬ﺄﹶﻱ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺮﺓ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺻﻔﺮ ﺍﳋﺎﻟﺺ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﺻﻔﺮ ﻓﺎﻗﻊ"‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋ‪‬ﺮﻓﻪ ﻭﺫﻳﻠﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﻓﻬﻮ‬
‫"ﺃﺻﻔﺮ ﻓﺎﺿِﺢ‪ ،"‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻌﻒ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻓﻪ ﻭﺫﻳﻠﻪ ﺃﺳﻮﺩﻳﻦ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﺻﻔﺮ ﻣ‪‬ﻄﹶﺮ‪‬ﻑ‪."‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺮﻳﻒ‪ ‬ﺳﻮﺍﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺫﻧﲔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻥ ﺃﻱ ﻟﻮﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺻﻔﺮ ﻣﻄﺮ‪‬ﻗﺎﹰ ﺃﺳﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺋﻢ ﻓﻬﻮ‬

‫‪26‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫"ﺃﹶﺭ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻫﺎ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻈﻬﺮﻩ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺳﻮﺩﺍﺀ "ﺳﺤ‪‬ﺎﰊ‪ "‬ﻭﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻘﻮﺍﺋﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺻﻔﺮ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺳﻮﺩ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﻣ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﻲ"‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻻ ﺷِﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻭﺿ‪‬ﺢ ﺃﻱ ﻟﻮﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﻣ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﻤﺖ" ﻭ "‪‬ﻴﻢ"‬
‫ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺒ‪‬ﻠﹶﻖ" ﰲ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﺿ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻒ‪ ‬ﻭﻧﻘﺺ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻼﻡ‪ :‬ﱂ ﻳﺴﺒﻖ ﺍﻟﹶﺤﻠﺒﺔﹶ ﻓﺮﺱ ﺃﹶﺑ‪‬ﻠﻖ‪ ‬ﻭﻻ ﺑ‪ ‬ﹾﻠﻘﹶﺎﺀُ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻴِﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻓِﻌﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﻰ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺻﺎﺭ ﻛﻞ ﻟﻮﻥ ﳐﺎﻟﻒ ﳌﻌﻈﻢ ﻟﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺑﺔ ﺷِﻴ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ "ﻻﹶ ﺷِﻴ‪‬ﺔﹶ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ" ﺃﻱ ﻻ ﻟﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﳜﺎﻟﻒ ﺳﺎﺋﺮﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺷﻴﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺷﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺎﺿﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺷﺒﻴﻬﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻐ‪‬ﺮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻐ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺓﹸ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻴﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻜﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺸِﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ‪ .‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺍﺑﻴﻀ‪‬ﺖ ﺃﺫﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻭﺣ‪‬ﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﻘﻂ ﺑﻴﺾ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻌ‪‬ﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﻓﻬﻲ "ﺍﻟﺬﱡﺭ‪‬ﺃﹶﺓ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ "ﺃﹶﺫﹾﺭ‪‬ﺃﹸ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﺃﺷﻬﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺷﻬﺐ ﻻ ﲣﺘﺺ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﻭﺣﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺳﻮﺍﺩﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ "ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺮﻳﻒ"‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﹶﺮ‪‬ﺱ‪" ‬ﻣ‪‬ﻄﹶﺮ‪‬ﻑ ﺍﻷﺫﻧﲔ"‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﺍﺑ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺾ‪ ‬ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﺻﻘﻊ"‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﺃﺑ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺾ ﻗﻔﺎﻩ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﹶﻗﻨ‪‬ﻒ‪ ،"‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﺧﺎﻟﻂ‬
‫ﺷﻌﺮ ﻧﺎﺻﻴﺘﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﺽ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﹶﺳ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻒ‪ ،"‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﺍﺑﻴﻀﺖ ﻧﺎﺻﻴﺘﻪ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﹶﺻ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻎﹸ"‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﻛﻠﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ‬
‫"ﺃﹶﻏﺸﻰ"‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﺃﹶﺭ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،"‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﺩ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﻉ‪ ،"‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ ﺧﻠﻘﺔ ﻓﻬﻮ‬
‫"ﺃﹶﺭ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﻞ"‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﺎﺽ ﻇﻬﺮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺩ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﺮ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﻣﺼﺮﺩ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ "ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺮﺩ" ﻭﻫﻮ ﲨﻊ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺗﻪ "ﺻﺮﺩﺓ"‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻦ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﻧ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻂ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﹶﺑﻴﺾ ﺍﳉﻨﺒﲔ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﹶﺧ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﻒ" ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﺾ ﺍﻟﻜﹶﻔﹶﻞ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺁﺯ‪‬ﺭ‪ ،"‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﺮﺽ ﺫﻧﺒﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﺽ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﺷﻌﻞ" ﺍﻟﺬﱠﻧ‪‬ﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﻫ‪‬ﻠﺒﻪ ﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﻭﺑﻌﻀﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻮﻥ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﳐﺼ‪‬ﻞ" ﺍﻟﺬﻧ‪‬ﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﳐﺼ‪‬ﻞ" ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻑ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﻑ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻐ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺓ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﻢ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺑﻴﺎﺽ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﹶﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺪ‪‬ﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻫﻢ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺩﻭﻧﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﻗﹸﺮ‪‬ﺣﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ "ﺃﻗﹾﺮﺡ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺗﺘﺸﺎﺀﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﹸﺮ‪‬ﺣﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﺎﺽ ﰲ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺣﺔ ﺃﺩﱏ ﺑﻴﺎﺽ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺣ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺰِ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻫﺔ ﻭﺻﺎﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺪﺣﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﻜﹸﻤ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺕﹲ ﻜﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺭﻑ ﺃَﺭ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﻝُ ﺃﻗﺭﺡ‪‬‬ ‫ﺃَﺴﻴﻝٌ ﻨﺒﻴﻝٌ ﻟﻴﺱ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻤ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺎﺒﺔﹲ‬

‫‪27‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﻓﻤﺪﺡ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺣﺔ ﳌﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺟﻞ‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﰲ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﻏﹸﺮ‪‬ﺗﻪ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﲰﻬﺎ‬
‫"ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﺍﻟﻐ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺭِ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺮﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺒﻬﺔ ﻭﻣﻸ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﻬﻲ "ﺷﺎﺩﺧﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ "ﺃﹶﺷ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺥ‪ ،"‬ﻓﺄﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺪﺍﺭﺕ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻮﺳﻄﻬﺎ ﻟﻮﻥ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻓﻬﻲ "ﺍﳊﻠﻘﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ "ﻣ‪‬ﺤﻠﱠﻖ‪ ."‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻜﹾﺘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﻻﺯﻗﺔ ﺑﺄﺣﺪ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﻓﻬﻲ "ﺍﳍﻼﻝ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ "ﻣﻬﻠﱠﻞ"‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﺳﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺓ ﻭﺩﻗﺖ ﻭﱂ ﲡﺎﻭﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﲔ ﻓﻬﻲ "ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻔﻮﺭ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﹶﺮﺱ‪" ‬ﻣﻌﺼﻔﹶﺮ"‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﻴﺸﻮﻡ ﻭﱂ ﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﳉﹶﺤ‪‬ﻔﹶﻠﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ "ﺷِﻤﺮﺍﺥ"‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‪" ‬ﺃﻏﺮ‪ ‬ﺷِﻤ‪‬ﺮﺍﺧﻲ"‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﻣﻸﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺓ ﺍﳉﺒﻬﺔ ﻭﱂ ﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﲔ ﻓﻬﻲ "ﺷﺎﺩﺧﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﺃﺧﺬﺕ‬
‫ﲨﻴﻊ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﻏﲑ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺍﺩ ﻓﻬﻲ "ﻣ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻗِﻌﺔ" ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ "ﺃﻏﺮ‪ ‬ﻣﱪﻗﹶﻊ"‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﻋﻴﻨﻴﻪ ﻓﺎﺑﻴﻀﺖ ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﺷﻔﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﲔ ﻓﺬﻟﻚ "ﺍﻹﻏﺮﺍﺏ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﹶﺮ‪‬ﺱ‪" ‬ﻣ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﺮﺏ‪ ،"‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﺳﺎﻟﺖ ﰲ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﳋﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻓﻬﻲ "ﻻﻃﻤﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﹶﺮ‪‬ﺱ‪‬‬
‫"ﻟﻄﻴﻢ‪ "‬ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻋﻴﻨﻴﻪ ﺯﺭﻗﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻛﺤﻼﺀ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﹶﺧ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻒ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻄﻴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ "ﻟﹶﻄِﻴﻢ‪ ‬ﺃﺧﻴﻒ‪ ،"‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻗﺎﺀ ﻻ ﺑﻴﺎﺽ ﺑﻨﺎﺣﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ‬
‫ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ ﺍﻟﻜﺤﻼﺀ ﻓﺬﻟﻚ "ﺍﳋﻮ‪‬ﺹ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‪ ‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ "ﻟﹶﻄِﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺃﺧﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﺃﺧﻮﺹ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﺑﺎﳉﹶﺤ‪‬ﻔﹶﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ "ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺛﹶﻢ‪ ،"‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﹶﺮ‪‬ﺱ "ﺃﺭ‪‬ﺛﹶﻢ‪ ،"‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻏﹸﺮ‪‬ﺓﹲ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﹶﻏﺮ‪ ‬ﺃﹶﺭ‪‬ﺛﹶﻢ‪ ،"‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﺑﺎﻟﺸ‪‬ﻔﹶﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ "ﺍﻟﱠﻠﻤ‪‬ﻆﹸ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﺑﻪ "ﺃﹶﻟﹾﻤ‪‬ﻆ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺑﻴﻀﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺘﺎﻥ ﲨﻴﻌﺎﹰ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﺃﺭﰒ‪ ،‬ﺃﳌﻆ" ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺘﺎﻥ ﺳﻮﺩﺍﻭﻳﻦ ﻣﻊ ﻟﻮﻥ ﳜﺎﻟﻔﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﺬﻟﻚ "ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻏﹶﻢ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‪ ‬ﻣﻨﻪ "ﺃﺩ‪‬ﻏﹶﻢ‪."‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺠﻴﻝ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺠﻴﻞ ﺷِﻴ‪‬ﺔﹲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﺕ ﲟﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺪﻣﻨﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺧﺺ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺃﺧﺬﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﹶﺠ‪‬ﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳋﹶﻠﹾﺨ‪‬ﺄﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﳐﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﺎﻟﺮ‪‬ﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﻤ‪‬ﻰ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻭ‪‬ﻟِﻴﻪ‪ ‬ﺃﻭ ﻗﺎﺭﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﻭﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺑﻠﻎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺠﻴﻞ ﺭ‪‬ﻛﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﻭﻋ‪‬ﺮﻗﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺟﻞ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻓﺮﺱ "ﻣ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺐ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺠﻴﻞ "ﺍﳉﺒ‪‬ﺔ"؛ ﻭﺃﺻﻞ "ﺍﳉﹸﺒﺔ" ﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﻢ ﳌﻮ‪‬ﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﺭﺍﻉ‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺟﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﺪﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺨﺬﻳﻦ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﺑﻠﻖ ﻣ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻭﻝ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺭﺟﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﹶﻋ‪‬ﺼﻢ‪ ،"‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﳘﺎ ﻓﻬﻮ‬
‫"ﺃﻋﺼﻢ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﰲ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣِﺮﻓﹾﻘﻴ‪‬ﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻠﲔ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﹶﻗﹾﻔﹶﺰ‪ ،"‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﺑﺮﺟﻠﻴﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﻣ‪‬ﺤﺠ‪‬ﻞ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﹶﺮﺱ‪ ‬ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﳏﺠ‪‬ﻼﹰ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻴﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻠﲔ‪،‬‬
‫ﳌﺎ ﻗﺪﻣﻨﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﺎﺽ ﲰﻰ ﲢﺠﻴﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﰲ‬
‫ﺃﻭﻇﻔﻪ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺳﺎﻍ ﻓﺬﻟﻚ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ‪ ،"‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ "ﻣﻮﻗﱠﻒ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻠﲔ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺪﱘ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﹶﺮ‪‬ﺱ ﻣﻨﻪ "ﻣ‪‬ﺨ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻡ"؛ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ‬

‫‪28‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻞ‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﰲ ﺃﺭﺳﺎﻍ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻠﲔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﻣ‪‬ﺨ‪‬ﻠﹾﺨ‪‬ﻞ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ "ﳐﺪ‪‬ﻡ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﰲ ﺃﺭﺳﺎﻍ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﺬﻟﻚ "ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺪ" ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ "ﻣﻘﻴ‪‬ﺪ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻎ ﻣﺘﺼﻼﹰ ﺑﺎﳊﺎﻓﺮ‬
‫"ﻣ‪‬ﺨ‪‬ﻀ‪‬ﺐ‪ "‬ﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺬﺍ‪" ،‬ﻭﳐﻀ‪‬ﺐ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻊ" ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻗﻮﺍﺋﻤﻪ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺋﻢ ﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﳏﺠ‪‬ﻞ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺋﻢ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﻣ‪‬ﻄﹾﻠﻖ‪ ."‬ﻳﻘﺎﻝ "ﳏﺠ‪‬ﻞ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻣِﻦِ" ﻭ "ﻣﻄﻠﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻳﺎﺳﺮ" ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻜﺲ‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﺑﺜﻼﺙ ﻗﻮﺍﺋﻢ ﻭﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺋﻢ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻴﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﳏﺠ‪‬ﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ" "ﻣ‪‬ﻄﹶﻠﻖ‪ ‬ﻳ‪‬ﺪِ ﻛﺬﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻛﺬﺍ"‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﺑِﻴ‪‬ﺪ ﻭ‪‬ﺭِﺟ‪‬ﻞٍ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻖ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻖ‪ ‬ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻓﻬﻮ‬
‫"ﻣ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﻚ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻣﻦ" "ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﺳﺮ" ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻜﺲ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﳌﻤﺴﻜﺎﺕ ﻫﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻤ‪‬ﻄﹾﻠﹶﻘﺎﺕ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﳝﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﺑﺮﺟﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﺭ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻞ"‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻞ" ﺑﺎﻧﻔﺮﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻜﺮﻭﻩ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻏﲑﻩ ﺍﻏﺘ‪‬ﻔﺮ‪ .‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﰲ ﻳﺪ ﻭﺭﺟ‪‬ﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻑ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻜﺲ ﻓﺬﻟﻚ "ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻜﺎﻝ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻜﺮﻭﻩ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﹶﺮ‪‬ﺱ ﻣﻨﻪ "ﻣﺸﻜﻞ"‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺮﺓﹶ‪" :‬ﺇﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻜﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻜﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ"‪ .‬ﻭﻗﻮﻡ‬
‫ﳚﻌﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻜﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﺎﺽ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻘﱠﲔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺗ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴﺾ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲎ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲎ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ "ﺍﻹﻣﺴﺎﻙ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻗﹸﺘ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺔ‪" :‬ﻭﻗﻮﻡ ﳚﻌﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﰲ‬
‫ﺛﻼﺙ ﻗﻮﺍﺋﻢ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪﻩ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻷﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺪﻣﻨﺎﻩ‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺑﻴﻀﺖ ﺃﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻖ‪ ‬ﻭﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﻛﹾﺴ‪‬ﻊ‪ ،"‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻳﺪ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﻳﺪﻳﻦ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﺭﺟﻠﲔ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﻛﺴﻊ ﻳﺪ ﻛﺬﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻛﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻠﲔ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺑﻴﻀﺖ ﺍﻟﺜﱡﻨ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻟﻦ ﺗﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺋﻢ ﻓﺤﺎﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﺤﺎﻟﻪ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﹶﺴ‪‬ﻊِ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺜﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﹶﻤ‪‬ﻊِ‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺑﻴﻀﺖ ﻣﺂﺧﺮ ﺃﺭﺳﺎﻍ ﺭﺟﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﺑﺄﹶﻟﹾﻴ‪‬ﺔِ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻓﺬﻟﻚ "ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺎﻝ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ "ﻣ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻞ"‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ "ﻣ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻞ ﻳﺪ ﺃﻭ ﺭِﺟ‪‬ﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻠﲔ"‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻞ" ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﱠﻧ‪‬ﺐ ﺑﻴﺎﺽ ﰲ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﻛﻠﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﹶﺻ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻎﹸ" ﺍﻟﺬﻧ‪‬ﺐ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻴﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍﺌﺭ‬

‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ؛ ﻣﻨﻬﻦ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ "ﺍﳌﹸﺤ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺎ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻼﺻﻘﺔ ﺑﺄﺳﻔﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻦ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ‬
‫"ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻄﹶﺎﺓ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰲ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﳉﺒﻬﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺗﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ "ﻓﹶﺮ‪‬ﺱ ﻧﻄﻴﺢ"‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻦ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ "ﺍﻟﻼﱠﻫ ‪‬ﺰ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﱢﻬ‪‬ﺰِﻣ‪‬ﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻦ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ "ﺍﳌﻌﻮ‪‬ﺫ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﻼﺩﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻦ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ "ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻤﺎﻣﺔ"‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺳﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻦ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ "ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﻘﹶﻴ‪‬ﻦ"‪ ،‬ﻭﳘﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﺮﺗﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﺘﺎﻥ ﰲ ﳓﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﹶﺮ‪‬ﺱ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻦ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ‬
‫"ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﺮ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺮ‪‬ﺍﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻦ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ "ﺍﻟﹾﻘﹶﺎﻟِﻊِ"‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﲢﺖ ﺍﻟﻠﱢﺒ‪‬ﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ‬

‫‪29‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ "ﻣﻠﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ"‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻦ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ "ﺍﳍﻘﹶﻌﺔﹶ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﻋ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺽ ﺯ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺭِﻩِ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳍﹶﻘﹾﻌﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻘﱠﲔ ﲨﻌﻴﺎﹰ ﻓﻬﻲ "ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬﺓ"؛ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬﺓ ﻫﻲ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺍﳊِﺰ‪‬ﺍﻡِ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻦ ﺩﺍﺋﺮ ﺓ "ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﺧِﺲِ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﲢﺖ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺎﻋﺮﺗﲔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋِﻠﹶﻴ‪‬ﻦِ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻢ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺒﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺋﺮ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﻌﻮ‪‬ﺫ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻤﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﺮﻫﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻼﻫﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺧﺲ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺒﻮﻥ ﺍﳍﹶﻘﹾﻌﺔ ﻷﻥ ﺃﺑﻘﻰ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﹶﻬﻘﹾﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺷﺮﺍﺀ ﻓﹶﺮﺱٍ ﻣﻬﻘﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻣﺘﻨﻊ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺭﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻛﺮﻫﻮﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺤﻠﻴﻠﺘﻪ ﻭﺃﺸﺘﺩ ﺤ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺍﹰ ﻤ‪‬ﺘﹶﺎﻋﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋ‪‬ﺭِﻕﹶ ﺍﻟﻤ‪‬ﻬﻘﹸﻭﻉ‪ ‬ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺭﺀ ﺃﻨﻌﻅﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻊ‬

‫ﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻝ‬

‫ﻭﺼﻔﺔ ﺠﻴﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﺃﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺘﺎﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺭﺍﻡ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺭ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻯ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻗﺘﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺧ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﺍﻷَﺩ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻷﻗﺮﺡ ﺍﶈﺠ‪‬ﻞ ﺛﹶﻼﹶﺙٍ‪ ،‬ﻃﹶﻠﹾﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺃﺩﻫﻢ ﻓﻜﹸﻤ‪‬ﻴﺖ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺔ"‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻭﻫ‪‬ﺐٍ ﺍﳉﹸﺸ‪‬ﻤﻲ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺭﺳﻮ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻛﹸﻤ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺖٍ ﺃﹶﻏﹶﺮ‪ ‬ﻣ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﻞٍ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﹶﺩ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﻢ‪ ‬ﺃﹶﻏﹶﺮ‪ ‬ﳏﺠ‪‬ﻞ"‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻳ‪‬ﻤﻦ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺷ‪‬ﻘﹾﺮﻫﺎﹶ"‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﺑﻦ ﺟ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺮٍ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﻴ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻦ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺃﹶﺣ‪‬ﻮﻯ ﺃﹶﺣ‪‬ﻢ‪ ."‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪" :‬ﻟﻮ ﺟ‪‬ﻤِﻌ‪‬ﺖ‪ ‬ﺧﻴﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺏ ﰲ ﺻ‪‬ﻌﻴﺪِ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﰒ ﺃﹸﺭ‪‬ﺳِﻠﹶﺖ‪ ‬ﻟﻜﺎﻥ ﺳﺎِﺑﻘﹸﻬﺎ ﺃﹶﺷ‪‬ﻘﹶﺮ‪."‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﺄﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺴﻴ‪‬ﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺃﻱ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻭﺟﺪﲤﻮﻩ ﺃﺻﱪ ﰲ ﺣﺮﻭﺑﻜﻢ؟ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺖ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﺄﻝ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥﹸ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻧ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺮ ﺣﲔ ﻗﺪﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻱ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﺭﺃﻳﺘ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ‬
‫ﺃﺻﱪ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻘﺮ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﻋﻘﹸﺒﺔﹶ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪" :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﹶﺭﺩ‪‬ﺕ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺗ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﺰ‪‬ﻭ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﺷ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺮِ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﹰ ﺃﹶﻏﹶﺮ‪ ‬ﻣ‪‬ﺤﺠ‪‬ﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻣ‪‬ﻄﹾﻠﹶﻖ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻚ ﺗ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﻠﹶﻢ‪ ‬ﻭﺗ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻢ‪."‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻝ‬

‫ﻭﺃﻱ ﻓﺮﺱ ﲤﺖ ﻟﻪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻛﺮﱘ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺼﲑ ﺃﺻﻴﻼﹰ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺐ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻨﺠﺒﺎﹰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻌﻴﺪﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻋﺮﻳﻀﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻃﻮﻳﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﲑﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺪﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﺭﺣﻴﺒﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﺭﻳﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺿﺨﻤﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺭﻗﻴﻘﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻏﻠﻴﻈﺎﹰ‪،‬‬

‫‪30‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﻟﻄﻴﻔﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺿﻴﻘﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻣ‪‬ﻮﻟﱠﺠﺎﹰ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳉﺤﻔﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺃﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﺫﻧﲔ ﻭﺃﻃﺮﺍﻓﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﺫﻧﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﲔ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻋﺎﱄ ﺍﳊﹶﺠ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺘﲔ ﺑﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻜﹾﻮ‪‬ﺓ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺬﹾﺭ‪‬ﺓ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﻙ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﹶﻨ‪‬ﻜِﺐ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻛﺒﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻹﺑﻄﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻓﹾﻐ‪‬ﲔ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳉﹾﻨ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﺠﺒﺘﲔ ﻭﺍﳉﺎﻋﺮﺗﲔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﺠﺒﺘﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﱠﻔِﻨ‪‬ﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻗﻮﺑﲔ ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺒﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺳﻴﻒ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﹶﻨ‪‬ﺨﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺻ‪‬ﺒِﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻠﱠﺤ‪‬ﻴﲔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻨﻜﺒﲔ ﻭﺍﳊﹶﺠ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ‬
‫ﺍﳉﹸﺒ‪‬ﺐ‪ ،‬ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﹶﻄﹶﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﹶﻌ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮﻳﲔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳉﺎﻋﺮﺗﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻜﹾﻮ‪‬ﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﻔِﻨ‪‬ﺘﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﲔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳉﺎﻋﺮﺗﲔ ﻭﺍﳌﺄﺑِﻀﲔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﹸﺼ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳﲔ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﳊﹶﺠ‪‬ﺒﺘﲔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﻏﺮﺍﺿﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻔﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﳉﺒﻬﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﳋﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻘﹶﺼ‪‬ﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻋﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﱪ‪‬ﻛﹶﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻷﻭﻇﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺓ‪ ،‬ﻋﺮﻳﺾ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻨﺐ‪ ،‬ﻋﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻔﹶﺎﻕ‪ ،‬ﻋﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻋﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻮ‪‬ﺭِﻛﲔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺬﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻋﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﻠﲔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺮﻳﺾ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻔﲔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻃﻮﻳﻞ ﻧ‪‬ﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ‪ ،‬ﻃﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ‪ ،‬ﻃﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺍﻋﲔ‪ ،‬ﻃﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻔﲔ‪ ،‬ﻃﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻦ‪ ،‬ﻃﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻮ‪‬ﺭِﻛﲔ‪ ،‬ﻃﻮﻳﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺬﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻃﻮﻳﻞ ﻭﻇﹶﻴِﻔﹶﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ‪‬ﻠﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺼﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﲑ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﲑ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﲑ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻗﲔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﲑ ﺍﻷﺭﺳﺎﻍ ﻛﹸﻠﱠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﲑ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺣﲔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻗﺼﲑ ﺍﳌﹶﻌ‪‬ﺎﻗﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﺻﻞ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﲑ ﺍﻷُﻃﹾﺮ‪‬ﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﺳﻔﻞ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻷﺫﻧﲔ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﹶﻨﻜﺒﲔ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌِﺮ‪‬ﻓﻘﲔ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﻗﻮﺑﲔ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﹶ‪‬ﻨﺠِﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﻙ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳊﹶﺠ‪‬ﺒﺘﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﺣﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻗﲔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺣﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﹶﻨ‪‬ﺨ‪‬ﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺭﺣﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﺭﺣﻴﺐ ﺍﻹﺭﻫﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺭﺣﻴﺐ ﺍﳉﻮﻑ‪ ،‬ﺭﺣﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻠﺒ‪‬ﺎﹶﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﺣﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻌِﺠ‪‬ﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌِﺠ‪‬ﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻓﺮﻕ‪ ‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺬﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻫﻖ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﳉﺒﻬﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﺭﻱ ﻗﺼﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﻒ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﻭﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻰ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﻃﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻗﲔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺀﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﻔِﻨ‪‬ﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺀﻭﺱ ﺍﳊﹶﺠ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﻙ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻮﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺫﻧﲔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻄﻮﻥ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﻓﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺿﺨﻢ ﺍﳌﻘﻠﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﺿﺨﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺬﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺿﺨﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﺒﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﺿﺨﻢ ﺍﻟﹾﺤ‪‬ﻤﺎﹶﺗ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻦِ‪ ،‬ﺿﺨﻢ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﻓﺮ‪ ،‬ﺿﺨﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﺪ‪‬ﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺿﺨﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻫﻀﲔ‪ ،‬ﺿﺨﻢ ﺍﳌﹶﺮﺩ‪‬ﻏﹶﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﺿﺨﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﻜﺒﲔ‪.‬‬

‫‪31‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﻋ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﱠﺍﻋﲔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻇﻔﺔ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﻞ ﺍﻷﺭﺳﺎﻍ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻗﻴﻖ ﺍﻷﺭﻧﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﻗﻴﻖ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﳌﻨﺨﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺭﻗﻴﻖ ﺍﳉﻔﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﻗﻴﻖ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺒﲔ‪ ،‬ﺭﻗﻴﻖ ﺍﻷﺫﻧﲔ‪ ،‬ﺭﻗﻴﻖ ﺍﳉِﻠﹾﺪِ‪ ،‬ﺭﻗﻴﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻏﻠﻴﻆ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ‪ ،‬ﻏﻠﻴﻆ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻜﹾﻮ‪‬ﺓ‪ ،‬ﻏﻠﻴﻆ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺒﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻄﻴﻒ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻄﻌﻢ‪ ،‬ﻟﻄﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﳌﺮﻓﻘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻄﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻮﺹ‪ ،‬ﻟﻄﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻟﻄﻴﻒ ﺍﳉﺤﺎﻓﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﺿﻴﻖ ﺧﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻊ‪ ،‬ﺿﻴﻖ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺻﺒ‪‬ﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻠﱠﺤ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻦِ‪ ،‬ﺿﻴﻖ ﺍﻹﺑﻄﲔ‪ ،‬ﺿﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﺿﻴﻖ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻠﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﺿﻴﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻐﲔ‪ ،‬ﺿﻴﻖ ﻣ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻛﱠﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻮﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﻟﱠﺞ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﻔِﻨ‪‬ﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﳘﺎ ﻣ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻛﱠﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺬﻳﻦ ﰲ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻗﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴﺞ ﻗﺒﻞﹸ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻊ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺘﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﺒﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﱪ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎﹰ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻝ‬

‫ﺳﺄﻝ ﺍﳌﻬﺪ‪‬ﻱ ﻣﻄﹶﺮ‪ ‬ﺑﻦ ﺩﺭﺍﱠﺝ ﻫﻦ ﺃﻱ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﻠﺘﻪ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻧﺎﻓﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﺑﺮﺗﻪ ﻗﻠﺖ‬
‫ﺯﺍﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺮﺿﺘﻪ ﻗﻠﺖ ﺯﺍﻓﺮ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﺄﻱ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﺇﻣﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻮﻃﻪ ﻋﻨﺎﻧﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﺄﻝ ﺑﻌﻀ‪‬ﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﺃﻱ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﻠﺘ‪‬ﻪ ﻗﹶﻌ‪‬ﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﺑﺮﺗ‪‬ﻪ ﻭ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺮﺿﺘﻪ ﺍﻃﱠﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﺄﻝ ﺑﻌﺾ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺍﺑﻨﲔ ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻱ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﹶﻮﺍﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻧﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﺍﳊﺼﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺘﻴﻖ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﹶﻔﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻳﻖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻮﺛﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻔﻮﺕ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻫ‪‬ﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳ‪‬ﻠﹾﺤﻖ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﹰﻠﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻶﺧﺮ‪ :‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﻧﺖ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻧِﻌ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻭﺍﷲِ ﻧ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺖ! ﻭﻟﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﻏﲑﻩ ﺃﺣﺐ‪ ‬ﺇﱃ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ؟‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺼﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺴﻠﱠﺲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻔﺆﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﺒﻮﺭ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺻ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﺼﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻛﹶﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜﹶﻔِﻴﺖ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﱯ‪ :‬ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﲬﺲ‪ ‬ﺟﻮﺍﺭٍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺪﺧﻦ ﺧﻴﻞ ﺁﺑﺎﺋﻬﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﻫﻦ‪ :‬ﻓﺮﺱ ﺃﰊ ﻭ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺩﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﻭ‪‬ﺭﺩﺓ! ﺫﺍﺕ‪ ‬ﻛﻔﹶﻞ ﻣ‪‬ﺰ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﻠﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻦٍ ﺃﺧ‪‬ﻠﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻮﻑ ﺃﹶﺧ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧ‪‬ﻔﹶﺲ ﻣ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻭﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﲔ ﻃﹶﺮ‪‬ﻭﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭِﺟ‪‬ﻞ‬
‫ﺿﺮ‪‬ﻭﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺪ ﺳ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻮﺡ؛ ﺑ‪‬ﺪﺍﻫﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﻫﺬﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋ‪‬ﻘﹾﺒﻬﺎ ﻏِﻼﺏ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻓﺮﺱ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻌ‪‬ﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻌ‪‬ﺎﺏ! ﻏﹶﺒ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺔﹸ ﺳﺤﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﻡ ﻏﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺹ ﺍﻷﻭﺻﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺃﹶﺷﻢ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﹶﻘﺬﹶﺍﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣ‪‬ﻼﹶﺣ‪‬ﻚ‪ ‬ﺍﳌﹶﺤ‪‬ﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻪ ﻣ‪‬ﺠﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻴﺪﻩ ﻋﺘﻴﺪ؛ ﺇﻥ ﺃﻗﺒﻞ ﻓﹶﻈ‪‬ﺒﻰ‪ ‬ﻣﻌ‪‬ﺎﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺩﺑﺮ ﻓﻈﻠﻢ ﻫﺪ‪‬ﺍﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺃﹶﺣ‪‬ﻀ‪‬ﺮ ﻓﻌﻠِﺞ‪ ‬ﻫ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺍﺝ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪ :‬ﻓﺮﺱ ﺃﰊ ﺣ‪‬ﺬﹶﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺣ‪‬ﺬﹶﻣﺔ! ﺇﻥ ﺃﹶﻗﹾﺒ‪‬ﻠﹶﺖ‪ ‬ﻓﻘﻨﺎﺓ ﻣﻘﻮ‪‬ﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺃﺩﺑﺮﺕ ﻓﺄﹸﺛﻔِﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻣ‪‬ﻠﻤﻠﹶﻤﺔﹲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻋﺮﺿﺖ‪ ‬ﻓﺬﺋﺒﺔ ﻣ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﺭﺳﺎﻏﻬﺎ ﻣ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺮﺻﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺼﻮﺻﻬﺎ ﳑ‪‬ﻌﺼﺔ؛ ﺟ‪‬ﺮﻳ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺍﻧﺜﺮﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻧﻜﺪﺍﺭ‪.‬‬

‫‪32‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‪ :‬ﻓﺮﺱ ﺃﰊ ﺧ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻔﹶﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺧ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻔﻖ! ﺫﺍﺕ ﻧﺎﻫﻖ ﻣ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷِﺪﻕٍ ﺃﺷﺪﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺩﱘ ﳑ‪‬ﻠﱠﻖ؛ ﳍﺎ ﺧ‪‬ﻠﹾ ‪‬ﻖ‬
‫ﺃﺷﺪﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﺳﻴﻊ ﻣ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻔﹾﻒ‪" ،‬ﻭﺗﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺴﻴ‪‬ﻒ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺛﱠﺎﺑﺔﹲ ﺯ‪‬ﻟﻮﺝ‪ ،‬ﺧ‪‬ﻴﻔﺎﻧﺔ ﺭ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﻮﺝ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻬﺎ ﺇِﳘﺎﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺣﻀﺎﺭ‪‬ﻫﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺝ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ‪ :‬ﻓﺮﺱ ﺃﰊ ﻫ‪‬ﺬﹾﻟﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫ‪‬ﺬﹾﻟﻮﻝ! ﻃﺮﻳﺪ‪‬ﻩ‪ ‬ﳏﺒ‪‬ﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﻣ‪‬ﺸ‪‬ﻜﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﺭﻗﻴﻖ ﺍﳌﹶﻼﹶﻏﻢ‪" ،‬ﺃﻣﲔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻗﻢ"‪ ،‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻞ ﺍﶈﺰِﻡ‪ ،‬ﻣِﺨﺪ‪ ‬ﻣِﺮ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻢ؛ ﻣﻨ‪‬ﻴﻒ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﻙ‪ ،‬ﺃﺷﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻨﺎﺑﻚ‪ ،‬ﳎﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳋﺼﺎﺋﻞ‪ ،‬ﺳ‪‬ﺒﻂﹸ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺋﻞ‪" ،‬ﻏﹶﻮ‪‬ﺝ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺻﻠﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻬﻴﻞ"‪ ،‬ﺃﺩﳝﻪ ﺻﺎﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳ‪‬ﺒِﻴﺒ‪‬ﻪ ﺿﺎﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻔﻮ‪‬ﻩ ﻛﺎﻑ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﺣﻠﻖ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻤﻠﱠﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺧﻠﻖ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻣﻠﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﹶﺧ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻕ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺳﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻭﺡ‪ :‬ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﹶﺮﻭﺡ‪ :‬ﺑﻌﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊٍ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﺮﻭﺡ‪ :‬ﺩ‪‬ﻓﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳ‪‬ﺒﻮ‪‬ﺡ‪ :‬ﻛﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﺗ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺢ‪ ‬ﰲ ﻋ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻭﻫﺎ ﺃﻱ ﺗﻌ‪‬ﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺮﻋﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑ‪‬ﺪﺍﻫﺘﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻓﺠﺎﹸﺀ‪‬ﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻫﺬﺍﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﹾﺐ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﺮﻯ‪ ‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳉﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏِﻼﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺘ‪‬ﻪ‪ ‬ﻣﻐﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﻭﻏﻼﺑﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻐ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﻓﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻄﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺏ‪ :‬ﲨﻊ ﻏﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺘﺮﺹ‪ :‬ﳏﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﹶﺷ‪‬ﻢ‪ :‬ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﻼﺣ‪‬ﻚ‪ :‬ﻣﻼﺀَﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﻼﺣﻜﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻼﺀﻣﺔ ﺑﲔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﶈﹶﺎﻝﹸ‪ :‬ﻓﹶﻘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﻣ‪‬ﺤﺎﹶﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺠﻴﺪ‪ :‬ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺟﻮﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺘﻴﺪ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌ‪‬ﺎﺝ‪ :‬ﻓﻌ‪‬ﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻣ‪‬ﻌﺞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻀﺎﺩﰐ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﺞ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻭﻋﻤﺞ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺳﺮﻉ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺪ‪‬ﺍﺝ‪ :‬ﻓﻌ‪‬ﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﺪﺝ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺸﻲ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻭﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳍﺮ‪‬ﺍﺝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﺍﳉﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌِﻠﹾﺞ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻀﺨﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧ‪‬ﺬﹶﻣﺔ‪ :‬ﻓﹸﻌﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺬﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷُﺛﹾﻔﻴ‪‬ﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﺛﺎﰲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺣﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻠﻤﻠﻤﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﺪﻭ‪‬ﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﺮﻣﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﺛﱠﺎﺑﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺠﺮﻣﺔ ﻭﺛﺐ‪ ‬ﻛﻮﺛﺐ ﺍﻟﻈﱠﺒﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﳑﺤ‪‬ﺼﺔ‪ :‬ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﺜﺮﺍﺭ‪ :‬ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﻳﺜﱡﺮﻩ ﺛﺮﺍﱠ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻔﻖ‪ :‬ﺳﺮﻳﻊ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﻫﻘﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻓﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺧﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﻌﺮ‪‬ﻕ‪ :‬ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺷﺪﻕ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺳﻊ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺪﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﳑﻠﱠﻖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﳑﻠﱠﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺷﺪ‪‬ﻑ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﻷﺷﺪﻑ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺳﻴﻊ‪ :‬ﻣﺮﻛﱠﺐ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻨﻖ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻔﻨﻒ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺳﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻠﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯ‪‬ﻟﹸﻮﺝ‪ :‬ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳋﻴﻔﺎﻧﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﻮﺝ‪ :‬ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﻫ‪‬ﺞ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳉﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺒﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳘﺎﺝ‪ :‬ﻣﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﺭﺗﻌﺎﺝ‪ :‬ﻛﺜﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﱪﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﳏﺒﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺍﳊﺒﺎﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺸﻜﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻜﺎﻝ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻼﻏﻢ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺭﺍﺩ‪‬ﺎ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺍﳉﺤﺎﻓﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﻗﻢ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻔﺎﺻﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻞ‪ :‬ﻏﻠﻴﻆ‪ ،‬ﻭﳐﹶﺪ‪ :‬ﳜﹸﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﻳﺸﻘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣِﺮﺟ‪‬ﻢ‪ :‬ﻳﺮﺟ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﲝﻮﺍﻓﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨ‪‬ﻴﻒ‪ :‬ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﳎﺪﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻔﺘﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺒﻴﺐ‪ :‬ﺷﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺿﺎﻑٍ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﹶﻠﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ ﻣﻨﻪ "ﻓﹶﻠﻴﻠﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﹶﺮﺱ ﻳﻨﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻧﺜﻰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻓﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺬﻛﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﻓﹶﺮ‪‬ﺱ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻧﻴﺚ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻝ‬

‫‪33‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﺿ‪‬ﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻟﻌﺘﺎﻕ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺘﻘﻬﺎ ﻭﻛﺮﻣﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻭﺻﺎﻑ ﳐﺼﻮﺻﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪:‬‬
‫"ﺍﻟﻄﱠﺮ‪‬ﻑ" ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳊﺴ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻴﺎﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺣ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺁﺓ‪" .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻠﱡﻬﻤﻮﻡ" ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳉﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺒﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺒﻘﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻃﹶﻠﹶﺒ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﺪﺭﻛﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺒﻌﻪ‪" .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺠﻮﺝ" ﺍﳉﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻠﻖ‪ ،‬ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﰲ ﻃﻮﻝ‪" .‬ﻭﺍﳍﹸﺬﻟﻮﻝ" ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻱ ﺍﳉﺴﻴﻢ‪".‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻳ‪‬ﺎﻝ" ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﱠﻧ‪‬ﺐ‪" .‬ﻭﺍﳍﻴﻜﻞ"‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﳋﹶﻠﹾﻖ‪ ،‬ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﺮ‪" .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﺪ" ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ‪" .‬ﻭﺍﳉﹸﺮ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﻊ" ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﳋﹶﻠﹾﻖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻊ ﺍﻟﻀﻠﻮﻉ‪" .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻠﻬﺐ" ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺋﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺸﻘﻮﻕ‪ ‬ﺃﺳﺎﻓﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ‪" .‬ﺍﻟﻐ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺝ"‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﹼﲔ ﺍﻷﻋﻄﺎﻑ‪" .‬ﻭﺍﳋِﻨ‪‬ﺬﻳﺬ" ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳉﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺿﺪﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﺴﻤﻰ‪ ‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺤﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻴﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳋﺼﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪" .‬ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻲ" ﻫﻮ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺘﻴﻖ ﺑﲔ ﺃﺑﻮﻳﻦ ﻫﺠﻴﻨﲔ‪" .‬ﺍﳌﹸﻘﹾﺮ‪‬ﺏ" ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻟﻂ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻴﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺎﹰ ﻟﻌﺰﺗﻪ‪" .‬ﺍﻟﺒ‪‬ﺤﺮ‪ "‬ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﺍﳉﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﻔﹸﺘ‪‬ﺮ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ؛ ﺭﻛﹶﺐ‪ ‬ﻓﺮﺳﺎﹰ ﻷﰊ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﺎ ﻭﺟﺪﻧﺎﻩ ﲝﺮﺍﹰ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ "ﺍﳌﺴ‪‬ﻮﻡ" ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺧ‪‬ﺺ‪ ‬ﺑﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﻳﺘﻤﻴﺰ ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻷﺟﺮﺩ" ﺍﻟﻘﺼﲑ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺜﻰ ﺟﺮﺩﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﹸﺮ‪‬ﺩ‪" .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻄﹾﺐ" ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺪ‪" .‬ﺍﻷَﻗﹾﻮﺩ" ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ‪" .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﺒﻮﺭ" ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺼﻒ‪ ‬ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﺮﻯ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺟﺮﻯ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳉﺮﻯ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺮ‪" .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﺮِﻡ" ﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﺒﺎﱄ ﺃﰲ ﺣ‪‬ﺰ‪‬ﻥٍ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻯ ﺃﻡ ﰲ ﺳﻬﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﳍﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ‪.‬‬

‫"ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﺢ" ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﻄﻮ ﺑﻴﺪﻳﻪ ﻗﹸﺪ‪‬ﻣﺎﹰ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﺮﻯ‪" .‬ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﻞ" ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﺃﹶﻭ‪‬ﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺋﻢ ﰲ ﺟﺮﻳﻪ‪" .‬ﻭﺍﳌﻄﻬ‪‬ﻢ" ﺍﻟﺘﺎ ‪‬ﻡ‬
‫ﳊﺴ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﳋﻠﻖ‪" .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻤﻮﺡ" ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﺮﻑ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ‪" .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻈﹶﻢ" ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ‪" .‬ﻭﺍﻷﻗﺐ‪ "‬ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﹶ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﹶﺸ‪‬ﺢِ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﻣﺮ‪" .‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺐ" ﺍﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺟﻠﲔ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﻓﺤ‪‬ﺞ‪" .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﱠﻢ‪ "‬ﺍﳌﺴ‪‬ﺘﺘﻢ ﺍﳋﹶﻠﹾﻖ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﺪ ﻟﻠﺠﺮﻱ‪.‬‬
‫"ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﻴﻞِ" ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﻔﹶﻰ‪" .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺮﺣ‪‬ﻮﺏ" ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﻳﻐﺮﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪" .‬ﻭﺍﳍِﻀ‪‬ﺐ‪ "‬ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﻕ‪.‬‬
‫"ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺌﻮﺩ" ﺍﳌﻨﻘﺎﺩ ﻟﺮﺍﻛﺒﻪ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﺴﻪ‪" .‬ﻭﺍﻷﻗﺪﺭ" ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳚﺎﻭﺯ ﺣﺎﻓﺮﻱ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﲝﺎﻓﺮ‪‬ﻱ‪ ‬ﺭﺟﻠﻴﻪ ﻟﻄﻮﳍﻤﺎ‪" .‬ﻭﺍﳉﹶﻤ‪‬ﻮﺡ"‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻣﺪﺣﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﺅ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺲ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﻌﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻭ‪‬ﻗﹶﺩ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻭﺤﺎﹰ ﻤ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﻭﺤﺎﹰ ﻭﺇﺤﻀﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻌﲎ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺑﻀﺪ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺮﻛﺐ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﺜﹾﻨﻴﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ "ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺪﻭﺩ"‪ .‬ﻭﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﺫﻛﺮ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺑﺎﺑﻪ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻇﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻓﻴﻪ "ﲨﻮﺣﺎﹰ" ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺅﻝ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻠﱠﺪﻳﻎ‪ :‬ﺳ‪‬ﻠِﻴﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺷﺒﻬﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻤﻥ‬

‫‪34‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﻋﻴﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻝ ﺨﻠﻘﺔ ﻭﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬

‫ﻋﻴﻮﺏ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﺿ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﺿﺮﺏ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺧﻠﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﺮﺏ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻟﻌﻴﻮﺏ ﺍﳋِﻠﹾﻘﻴﺔ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺑ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻧﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻴﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻤﻦ ﻋﻴﻮﺏ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ "ﺍﳋﹶﺬﺍ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺧﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺫﻧﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﻮﳍﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﹶﺮ‪‬ﺱ‪ ‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ "ﺃﺧﺬﻱ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺘﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺋﻠﺘﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺪﻳﻪ ﻛﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺁﺫﺍﻥ ﺍﳊﻤﲑ‪ ،‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ "ﺍﻟﺒ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺩ‪ ،"‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﹶﺮﺱ ﻣﻨﻪ‪" ‬ﺃﹶﺑ‪‬ﺪ‪."‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﻴﺔ ﻗﺼﲑ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﹶﺳ‪‬ﻔﻰ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺾ‪ ‬ﺃﻋﺎﱄ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﻴﺔ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﹶﺳﻌﻒ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﺜﲑ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﻴﺔ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻐﻄﻰ ﻋﻴﻨﻴﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﻏﻢ‪ ."‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺼﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﻫﻨﻊ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻄﺎﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻜﺎﺩ ﺻﺪﺭﻩ ﻳﺪﻧﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﹶﺩ‪‬ﻥﱡ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺝ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻔﲔ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﻛﹾﺘ‪‬ﻒ‪ ."‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﻀﻴﻢ ﺃﻋﺎﱄ ﺍﻟﻀﻠﻮﻉ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﻫ‪‬ﻀ‪‬ﻢ‪ ."‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻴﺐ ﺿﺎﺭ‪ ‬ﻣﻊ ﻗﻠﺔ ﻗﺒﺤﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﺻﻤﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺒﻖ ﺍﳊﹶﻠﹾﺒﺔﹶ ﻓﺮﺱ ﺃﻫﻀﻢ ﻗﻂ‪ .‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺍﻃﻤﺄﻥ ﺻ‪‬ﻠﹾﺒﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺗﻔﻌﺖ ﻗﻄﺎﺗﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﻗﹾﻌ‪‬ﺲ‪ ."‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻃﻤﺄﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﹰ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﺑ‪‬ﺰ‪‬ﺥ‪ ."‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﺷﺮﻓﺖ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭ‪‬ﺭِﻛﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﻓﹾﺮﻕ‪ ."‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻓﻬﺪﺗﻰ‬
‫ﺻﺪﺭﻩ ﻭﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﺯ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺭ‪ ."‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﺧﺎﺻﺮﺗﺎﻩ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﹶﺛﹾﺠ‪‬ﻞﹸ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻯ ﻋ‪‬ﺴﻴِﺐ ﺫﹶﻧﺒﻪ ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﻳﱪﺯ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺑﺎﻃﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﺷﻌﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺃﻋ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﻞﹸ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﻛﹾﺸ‪‬ﻒ‪ ."‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻋﺰ‪‬ﻝ ﺫﹶﻧﺒﻪ ﰲ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺒﲔ‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﻋ‪‬ﺰ‪‬ﻝﹸ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﻓﺮﻁ ﺗﺒﺎﻋ‪‬ﺪ‪ ‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺭﺟﻠﻴ‪‬ﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﻓﺤﺞ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺖ ﺭﻛﺒﺘﺎﻩ ﻭﻛﻌﺒﺎﻩ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﺻﻚ‪."‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺼﺐ ﺭ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﺮ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﹶﻗﻔﹾﺪ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺗﺪﺍﻧﺖ ﻓﺨﺬﺍﻩ ﻭﺗﺒﺎﻋﺪ ﺣﺎﻓﺮﺍﻩ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﹶﺻ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻑ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻷﺭﺳﺎﻍ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﹶﻓﹶﺪﻉ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻠﲔ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳓﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻮﺗﲑ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﹶﺃﻗﹾﺴ‪‬ﻂﹸ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻗﺼﺮ ﺣﺎﻓﺮﺍ ﺭﺟﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺎﻓﺮﻱ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺷ‪‬ﺌِﻴﺖ‪ ."‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺣﺎﻓﺮﺍ ﺭﺟﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﺎﻓﺮﻱ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﹶﺣ‪‬ﻖ‪."‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻳ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻔﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻓﺮﺳﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻜﹸﻤﻴﺕٍ ﻻ ﺃﺤﻕﱠ ﻭﻻ ﺸﹶﺌﻴﺕِ‬ ‫ﻭﺃَﻗﹾﺩﺭ‪ ‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﹾﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﻭﺍﺕ ﺴ‪‬ﺎﻁٍ‬
‫"ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎﻃﻲ"‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﹶﻄﹾﻮ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻓﹸﺴﺮ‪" ‬ﺍﻷَﺣ‪‬ﻖ‪ ."‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻴﻀﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﹶﺷﺮ‪‬ﺝ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺮﺝ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻋ‪‬ﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻮﺏ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻘﺎﺩﺡ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻨﻘﺺ ﻟﻠﺠﺮﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟ‪‬ﻞِ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻧﻘﺺ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺍﳋﻠﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﻓﺮﻩ ﻣﺘﻘﺸ‪‬ﺮﺍﹰ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﻧﻘﺪ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﺮ" ﻭﺍﻻﺳﻢ "ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻘﹶﺪ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋ‪‬ﻈﹸﻢ‪ ‬ﺭﺃﺱ‪ ‬ﻋ‪‬ﺮﻗﻮﺑﻪ ﻭﱂ ﳛﺪ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﹶﻗﹾﻤﻊ"‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺳﻢ "ﺍﻟﻘﹶﻤ‪‬ﻊ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺼﻚ ﲝﺎﻓﺮ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﻣ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻬﺶ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺣ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺙﹶ ﰲ ﻋ‪‬ﺮﻗﻮﺑﻪ ﺗﺰﻳ‪‬ﺪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻔﺎﺥ‪ ‬ﻋ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﺐ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺍﳉﹶﺮ‪‬ﺫ" ﺑﺬﺍﻝ ﻣﻌﺠﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻣﻨﻪ‪" ‬ﺃﹶﺟ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺫ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﻗﻊ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺭﻡ ﰲ ﺃﹸﻃﹾﺮﺓ ﺣﺎﻓﺮﻩ ﻓﻬﻮ‬
‫"ﺃﺩ‪‬ﺧﺲ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﺳﻢ "ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﺲ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺷ‪‬ﺨ‪‬ﺺ‪ ‬ﰲ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻴﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺻﻼﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻢ ﻓﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫"ﺍ ﹶﳌﺸ‪‬ﺶ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﹶﺮ‪‬ﺱ ﻣﻨﻪ‪" ‬ﺃﹶﻣ‪‬ﺶ‪."‬‬

‫‪35‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

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‫ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﻜﺮﻩ "ﺍﻟﻘﹶﺰ‪‬ﻝ"‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﺍﻷﻗﺰﻝ" ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺃﺫﻧﻴﻪ ﺃﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻷﺧﻨﺲ" ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺘﺄﺧﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻧﻒ ﰲ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻷَﻓﹾﻄﹶﺲ‪ "‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺘﻄﺎﻣﻦ ﻗﺼﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﻒ ﻣﻊ ﺿِﺨ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺃﺭﻧﺒﺘﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﳌﻘﻨ‪‬ﻄﹶﺮ‪ "‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺳﺎﺋﺮﻩ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﳋﺎﱄ" ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﺎﺭﻍ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﺯﻡ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺷﺮ‪ ‬ﻋﻴﺐ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻄﱪﻛﻮﻥ" ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳊﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﹶﻞ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻠﹸﻮﺩ" ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻕ‪ .‬ﻭ‬
‫"ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻴﻊ" ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳛ‪‬ﻔﹾﻰ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺎﹰ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻷﺭ‪‬ﺡ‪ "‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺮﺵ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺘ‪‬ﺴﻌ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻣ‪‬ﻘﱠﻌﺒﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺍﺗﺴﺎﻋﻪ ﻣ‪‬ﻘﱠﻌﺒﺎ ﻓﻬﻮ ﳏﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﳌﺼ‪‬ﻄﺮ‪ "‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻖ‪ ‬ﺍﳊﺎﻓﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ "ﺍﻹﺧﻄﺎﻑ" ﻭﻫﻮ ﳊﻮﻕ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﳊﺰﺍﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻄﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﲑﺟﻊ ﺣﺰﺍﻣﻪ ﺃﺑﺪﺍﹰ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺧ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻪ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻹﺷ‪‬ﻐﺎﺀ" ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﲣﺘﻠﻒ ﺃﺳﻨﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻠﺘﺼ‪‬ﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻄﻮﻝﹶ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻭﻳﻘﺼﺮ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﺳﻢ "ﺍﻟﺸﻐ‪‬ﺎ"‪ .‬ﻭ "ﻗﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ"‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﺯﻡ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻋﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﺤِﺐ‪ ‬ﻓﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﺍﳉﹸﻔﻮﻑ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻟﻌﺎﺏ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻷﻛﹶﺐ‪"‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﻠﺒﺚ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺳ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺝ ﺇﻻ ﻗﺪ‪‬ﻣﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻄﺮﺣﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻭﻋﻨﻘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻜﺮﻩ ﻏﹸﺌﹸﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﲔ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﹶﺸﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﺗ‪‬ﻜﹾﺮﻩ ﲪﺮ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﻢِ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻧ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺩﻫﻢ ﺃﲪﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﲔ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﳊﺮ‪‬ﻥِ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﳑﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﻜﺮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﳑﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ "ﺍﳋﺮ‪‬ﺱ‪ ،"‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺧﻠﻘﺔ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻧﺼﲑ‪:‬‬
‫ﳜﺘﱪ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻣﺎﻙ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﺻﻬﻞ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺄﺧﺮﺱ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺸ‪‬ﻰ"‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻓﺮﺱ "ﺃﻋ‪‬ﺸ‪‬ﻰ"‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﺒﺼﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻧﺼﲑ‪ :‬ﳜﺘﱪ ﺑﺄﻥ ﳝﺸﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻮﺏ ﺃﺳﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﻣﺸﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ‬
‫ﺃﻋﺸﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺃﺗﻘﺎﻩ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺳﻠﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﺍﻷﻋﺸﻰ "ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻜﻮﺭ"‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﳉﹶﻬ‪‬ﺮ" ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻓﺮﺱ "ﺃﺟ‪‬ﻬﺮ" ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﺒﺼﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻤﺲ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺮﺍﻩ ﳝﺸﻲ ﻭﻳﺘﻠﻘﻒ ﺑﻴﺪﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﻓﻊ ﺭﻛﺒﺘﻴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﻳﻜﺎﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻀﺮﺏ ‪‬ﺎ ﺟ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﻔﹶﻠﹶﺘ‪‬ﻪ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،"‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﺯﻡ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ "ﺍﻟﻄﱠﺮ‪‬ﺵ‪ ،"‬ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻓﺮﺱ "ﻃﹶﺮ‪‬ﻭﺵ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻤﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺍﺑﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺮﻋﻰ ﺃﺫ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﺒﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺧﻠﻒ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺼﺒﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺮ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺻِﻴﺢ‪ ‬ﺑﻪ؛‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒ‪‬ﻠﹾﻖ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﺮ"؛ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﺻﻤﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺑﺸﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﹶﻋ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﺮ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺪ‪‬ﻡ‪ ‬ﰲ ﻣﺸ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻪ ﴰﺎﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻧﺼﲑ‪ :‬ﳜﺘﱪ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳ‪‬ﻘﹾﻔﺰ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‪ ‬ﺧﻨﺪﻗﺎﹰ ﺻﻐﲑﺍﹰ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﺭﻓﻊ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺕ ﻳﺪﻩ‬

‫‪36‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺄﹶﻋ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﺮ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﹶﺮﺱ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻋﺴ‪‬ﺮ‪ ‬ﻻ ﻳﻜﺎﺩ ﻳ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﺒﺢ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻴﺪ" ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺿﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻧ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﲑ‪ :‬ﲣﺘﱪ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩﺓ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺗﻘﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺃﺫﺭﻉ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭ‪‬ﻣِﻪِ ﲞﺮﻗﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺭ‪‬ﻡِ ﻋِﻨﺎﻧﻪ ﲝﺼﻰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﻭﻗﻒ ﻓﺎﺗ‪‬ﻬِﻤ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺒﻼﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﻥ ﻋﻄﺴ‪‬ﺖ‪ ‬ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﺭﺍﻛﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻧﻔﻀﺖ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺛﻴﺎﺑﻚ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﺭﻛﺒﻪ ﻭﺃﹶﻟﹾﻖِ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺛﻮﺑﺎﹰ ﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﻭﺍﻣﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﺣﺬِﺭ‪‬ﻩ ﻓﺄﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺫﻛﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺑﻠﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻝ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻴﻭﺏ ﻋﺎﺩﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻳﻌﺾ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ ﻳﺪﻧﻮ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﻋ‪‬ﻀ‪‬ﻮﺽ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﺜﹾﺒﺖ‪ ‬ﱂ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺏ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﻧ‪‬ﻔﹸﻮﺭ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﳚﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻦ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻄﺎﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﺋﺪﻩ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺟ‪‬ﺮﻭﺭ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﺎﻡ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺟ‪‬ﻤﻮﺡ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺍﻣﺘﻨﻊ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﻲ ﻭﻭﻗﻒ ﲟﻮﺿﻊ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺣ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻭﻥ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳝﻴﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺮﻳﺪﻫﺎ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺣ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻮﺹ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﺜﲑ ﺍﻟﻌِﺜﺎﺭ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﻋ‪‬ﺜﻮﺭ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻀﺮﺏ ﺑﺮﺟﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺭ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻮﺡ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻧﻌﺎﹰ ﺭﺍﻛﺒﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ‬
‫"ﺷ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻮﺱ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻠﺘﻮﻱ ﺑﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺴﻘﻂ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﻗﹶﻤ‪‬ﻮﺹ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺮﻓﻊ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺟﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺷ‪‬ﺒﻮﺏ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳝﺸﻲ ﻣﺸﻴﺎﹰ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﺐ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﻗﹶﻄﹸﻮﻑ‪."‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻌﺎﻟﱯ ﰲ ﻧﻔﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻮﺏ ﻋﻦ ﻓﺮﺱ ﺃﻫ‪‬ﺪِﻯ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺹ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﻘﹶﻁﹸﻭﻑِ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﺸﹼﺒﻭﺏِ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺒﺎﻟﺸﱠﻤﻭﺱ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﻘﹶﻤ‪‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺳﺄﻝ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺍﺑﻨﲔ ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻱ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﺃﺑﻐﺾ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻤﺎ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻤﻮﺡ ﺍﻟﻄﻤﻮﺡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻜﹸﻮﻝﹸ‬
‫ﺍ َﻷﻧ‪‬ﻮﺡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺘ‪‬ﻪ ﺳﺒﻘﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻃﻠﺒﺘﻪ ﺃﺩﺭﻛﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻶﺧﺮ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﻧﺖ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺑﺌﺲ ﻭ‪‬ﺻ‪‬ﻒ! ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻏﲑﻩ ﺃﺑﻐﺾ ﺇﱄﹼ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻲﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﳊﺮ‪‬ﻭﻥﹸ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺇﻥ ﺿﺮﺑﺘﻪ ﻗﻤﺺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺩﻧﻮﺕ‪ ‬ﻣﻨﻪ ﺷ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺲ‪ ،‬ﻳﺪﺭﻛﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻔﻮﺗﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳍﺎﺭﺏ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻜﹸﻮﻝﹸ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻜﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻧ‪‬ﻮﺡ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﺣﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﺑﺄﻧﲔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻝ‬

‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳊِﺮ‪‬ﺍﻥﹸ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺑ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺗﺘﻮﺗ‪‬ﺪ‪ ‬ﻓﻼ ﺗ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺿ‪‬ﺮِﺑﺖ‪ ‬ﺿ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑﺖ ﺑﺮﺟﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳊِﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﺣﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺼﻠﺢ ﺃﺑﺪﺍﹰ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﻥ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺭ‪‬ﻛﻮﺏ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺱ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻛﺜﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﱰﻭﻝ ﻋﻨﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺻ‪‬ﻄﺒ‪‬ﻼﺕ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺏ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻛﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬

‫‪37‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﺎﺽ‪ ‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﻛﺜﺮﺓ ﺿﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﺲ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﺚ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺍﺑﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻏﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻛﹶﻠﹶﺒﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻡ ﻭﻣِﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻫﺎﺋﺠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻭﻏﺎﻥ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺭﻛﻮﺏ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺱ ﻭﺗ‪‬ﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺑﺔ ﺗﺴﻠﻚ ﰲ ﺟﺮﻳﻬﺎ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﺭﺍﺩﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﳊﺎﺡ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ‪ ،‬ﺑﻐﲑ ﺗﻘﻮﱘ ﺭﺃﺳﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻨﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﻹﺳﺮﺍﺝ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻛﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻤﺎﺱ ﻓﻴﺤﺪﺙ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﻣﻞ ﲣﺮﺝ ﰲ ﻣ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺴِﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻘﹸﻮﺭ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨ‪‬ﻘﹶﺐ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺓ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺴﺮﺝ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺋﻬﺎ ﻭﻳﺮﻛﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﻋﻼﺝ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻤﻨﻊ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺸﻤﺲ ﻟﻮﺟﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﱪﺃ ﻓﺘﺼﲑ ﻟﻪ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺏ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﻠﲔ ﻓﺴﻮﺀ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻭﺭﻭﺷﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻔﻌﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺼﻦ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻠﻄﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﺭﲟﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻭﺟﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﱡﺑ‪‬ﺎﻥﹸ ﻓﻠﻄﻢ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳝﻨﻊ ﺟ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﻔﹶﻠﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﲟﺎ ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﻹﻧ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺎﻝ ﻓﺼﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﺗﺒﻘﻰ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻭﺭﻭﺷﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﲟﺎ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﻘﺔ ﻓﺄﻭﺟﻌﻪ ﻓﻤﻨﻊ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﱪﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻔﺎﺭ ﻓﻀﻌﻒ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻭﺩ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﺶ‪ ‬ﻭﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﺗﺒﻘﻰ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺣﺸﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻠﺔ ﻣ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻩ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ ﻭﺍﳌﺪﻥ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻌِﺜﺎﺭ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺋﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺣ‪‬ﻔﺮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺣ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﺮ ﻳﻀﻊ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺯ‪‬ﻟﹶﻖٍ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﺧﻄﺄ ﻻ ﻋﻴﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻝ‬

‫ﺯﻋﻢ "ﺣ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺔ" ﺍﳍﻨﺪﻱ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻷﺣﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺏ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻣ‪‬ﻘﺪﻡ‪ ‬ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺩ‪‬ﺍﺭ‪‬ﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺳﻔﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻴﻨﻴﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﺃﺻﻞ ﺃﺫﻧﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺒﲔ ﺩﺍﺭﺗﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣ‪‬ﺄﺑﻀﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﺠِﺮﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﰲ ﺧﺪﻩ ﺃﻭ ﺟ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﻔﻠﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﱡﻠﹶﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻠﺘﻘﻰ ﳊﻴﻴﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﺑﻄﻨﻪ ﺷﻌﺮ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳ‪‬ﺮﺗ‪‬ﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﺳﻨﺎﻧﻪ ﻃﺎﻟﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺤ‪‬ﻔﹶﻠﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻟﻪ ﺳﻨ‪‬ﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﺑﺘﺎﻥ ﲟﱰﻟﺔ ﺃﻧﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﳋﱰﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﻟﺴﺎﻧﻪ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺳ‪‬ﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﺩﺑﺲ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺻﻔﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺷﻬﺐ ﺗﻌﻠﻮﻩ ﲪﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺟﺤﺎﻓﻠﻪ ﻭﻟﹶﻬ‪‬ﻮﺍﺗﻪ ﻭﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻟﹶﺤ‪‬ﻴﻴﻪ ﺃﹶﺳﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﹶﺩ‪‬ﻫﻢ‪ ‬ﻭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺟﺤﺎﻓﻠﻪ ﺃﺑﻴﺾ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﻟﹶﻬ‪‬ﻮﺍﺗﻪ ﻭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺷِﺪﻗﻪ ﻧ‪‬ﻘﹶﻂﹲ ﺳ‪‬ﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﻔﻠﺘﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻘﻂ ﻛﺤﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺴﺠﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺗﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻪ ﻭ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﺮ‪ ‬ﺃﺳﻮﺩ ﳐﺎﻟﻒ ﻟﻠﻮﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ‬
‫ﺟﺒﻬﺘﻪ ﺷ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﺕ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺣﲔ ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﺗ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻯ ﺧ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﻴﺎﻩ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺗﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻃﻮﺷﻲ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻣﻦ ﲨﻠﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺸ‪‬ﺎﺀﻡ ﺑﻪ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭ‪‬ﻟﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺃﺳﻨﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻷﺯﺭﻕ‬
‫ﻓﹶﺮ‪‬ﺩ ﻋﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻗﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﺽ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﻘﹸ ‪‬ﺮﺣ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰲ‬
‫ﺫﹶﻧ‪‬ﺒﻪ ﺧ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﻠﺔ ﺑﻴﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺭ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻞ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﺽ ﺳﻮﻯ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﰲ ﺭﺟﻠﻪ ﻏﲑ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺣﻮﺍﱄ‬

‫‪38‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﺍﻹﻛﻠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳ‪‬ﻜﹾﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻯ ﰲ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﳜﺎﻓﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ‪ .‬ﻓﻬﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﳑﺎ ﺗﻜﺮﻩ ﻭﺗ‪‬ﺠﺘ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺐ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺴﻊ‬

‫ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻝ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺣ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺻﺎﺩﻕ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻴﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻔﹶﺮﺱِ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺣﺎﻻﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻫﻴﺌﺎﺗﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺳﻜﻮﻧﻪ ﻭﺣﺮﻛﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﺎﻣﻪ ﻭﺭ‪‬ﺑﻮﺿﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺸ‪‬ﻴﻪ ﻭﻋﻨ‪‬ﻘﹶﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺒﻪ ﻭﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻭﻩ ﻭﺇﺣﻀﺎﺭﻩ‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺗﻔﻘﺖ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺻﻔﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻨﺎﺳﺒﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﻝ ﺣﺮﻛﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﺳﻜﻨﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﺎﳊﹶﺮ‪‬ﻯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺟﻮﺍﺩﺍ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﹶﻠﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺼﺪﻕ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺳﺔ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺣﺎﻝ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﲟﺎ ﺭﺃﻯ ﻏﲑ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﺍﳍﺠﲔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻻﻥ‬
‫ﺷﻌﺮ‪ ‬ﺟﻠﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﺖ ﺃﹶﻗﹾﺮﺍﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻈﻤﺖ ﻓﺼﻮﺻﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻬﻞ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﺘﺼﺒﺖ ﺃﺫﻧﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﺮﺍﹰ ﻭﱂ‬
‫ﳛﺴﻦ ﻃﺒﻌﺎﹰ ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺨ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺮﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻀﻌﻒ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺳﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﺴﱳ‪ ‬ﻻ ﺗﺼﺪﻕ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺘﺸ‪‬ﻮِﻓﺎﹰ ﺣﺎﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻌﻠﻮ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻨﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺸﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻋﺴﻴﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺒﺪﻱ ﻋِﺠﺎﹶﻧ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻮ ﺑﻄﹶﺮ‪‬ﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻨﺘﺼﺐ ﺃﺫﻧﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺗﻄﺒﻌﺎﹰ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﳛﺴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﹸﻬ‪‬ﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﺴﻨﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﲟﺎ ﱂ ﻳ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﺮ ﺟ‪‬ﺬﹶﻋﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺮﻯ ﺛﹶﻨِﻴﺎ‪ ‬ﺃﻭ ﺭﺑﺎﻋﻴﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺎﺭﺣﺎﹰ ﺣﲔ ﲡﺘﻤﻊ ﻗﻮﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺧﻠﻘﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺭﲟﺎ ﺗﻐﲑ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻮﺏ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﻟﻀﻌﻔﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺃﻗﺮﺏ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻔِﺮﺍﺳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻬﺮ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗ‪‬ﺠﻌ‪‬ﺜﹶﻦ ﻭﻏﻠﻆ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻫﺐ ﻋﻨﻪ ﳊﻢ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺿﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻛﺐ ﳊﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻒ‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ ﺟ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﺓﹸ ﺃﹶﺧ‪‬ﺬِﻩِ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻔﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻃﹸﺒﻊ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﺒﻴﻌﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳ‪‬ﺆﻭ‪‬ﻝ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺣ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺃﹶﺧ‪‬ﺬﹸﻩ‪ ‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﻐﲑ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ‬ﺑﺮﻛﻮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻻ ﳛﻤﻠﻪ ﺃﻭ ﲪﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻄﻴﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺴﻨﺖ ﺃﻭﺻﺎﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ ﺟﻮﺍﺩﺍﹰ‪ .‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺎﹰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﻤﻞ ﻓﻴﻌﺮﻑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺘﻠﻮ‪‬ﻳﻪ ﲢﺖ ﺭﺍﻛﺒﻪ ﻭﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻃﻤﺌﻨﺎﻥ ﻇﻬﺮﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﻠﻤﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻕ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﺠﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﲟﺎ ﺃﺧﻄﺄ ﺍﻟﻈﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻛﺒﻪ ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻘﺎﻡ ﰲ ﻣﻀﻤﺎﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻴﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺧﻠﻘﻪ ﻭﻳﻔﺘﺶ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻴﺎﺭﻩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻝ‬

‫‪39‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﻓﻤﻤﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﺴﺘﺪﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺳﻜﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻭﺻﺎﻑ ﻗﺒﻞﹸ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺟ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻊ ﺑﻌﺾ‪ ‬ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﰲ ﻛﻼﻡ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﳑﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﳎﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳋﹶﻠﹾﻖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺻﻐﲑ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ‪ ،‬ﻃﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ‪ ،‬ﻏﻠﻴﻆ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﻗﻴﻖ ﺍﳌﺬﺑﺢ‪ ،‬ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺍﻷﺫﻧﲔ‬
‫ﻃﻮﻳﻠﻬﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺷﺪ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻭﻟﻄﻒ ﻃﱠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻛﺄ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺮﳛﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻷﻗﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻃﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﳋﺪﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻣﹶﻠﺴ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺭﻗﻴﻘﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺘﺪﻝ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺿﻴ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﹶﺬﺍﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻣﻌﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﻊ ﺍﳉﺒﻬﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻛﺤﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺭﺯ ﺍﳊﺪﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﻊ ﺍﳌﻨﺨﺮﻳﻦ ﺃﺳﻮﺩﳘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻞ ﻣ‪‬ﺸﻖ‪ ‬ﺷِﺪ‪‬ﻗﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﺪﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺘﲔ ﺭﻗﻴﻘﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻝ ﻗﻠﻴﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﻣ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺻ‪‬ﻮﺻ‪‬ﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻃﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﲪﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻬﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﺒ‪‬ﺐِ‪ ،‬ﳑﺘﻠﺊﱠ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻨﻖ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﱄ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﻙ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﳉﻨﺒﲔ ﻭﺍﳉﻮﻑ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻄﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﹶﺸﺢ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻷﺿﻼﻉ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﻮﰲ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺮﺗﲔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺣﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻮﻑ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺒ‪‬ﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﹶﻄﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻘﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻭ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﹶﻔﹶﻞ ﻗﺼﲑﺓ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﲑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺴﻴﺐ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﺃﺳﻮﺩ ﺍﻹﺣﻠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﻊ ﺍﳌﹶﺮ‪‬ﺍﺙ‪ ،‬ﻏﻠﻴﻆ ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺬﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﺪﻳﺮﳘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻏﻠﻴﻆ ﻋﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻗﲔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻛﺒﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻄﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﲑ ﺍﻷﺭﺳﺎﻍ ﻏﻠﻴﻈﻬﺎ ﻳﺎﺑﺴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎﺑﺲ ﺍﻟﻌﺼ‪‬ﺐ‪،‬‬
‫ﳏﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻗﻮﺑﲔ‪ ،‬ﺃﺳﻮﺩ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﻓﺮ ﻭﺃﺧﻀﺮﳘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻭ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﲔ ﻣﻘﻌ‪‬ﺒﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻠﺘﺼﻖ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻚ ﺑﺎﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺴﻮﺭ ﺻ‪‬ﻠﹾﺒ‪‬ﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﻟﲔ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺏ ﻭﰲ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺭﺡ ﳏﻤﻮﺩ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻟﲔ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻜﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﻴﺔ ﻭﻋ‪‬ﺮﻓﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﻏﹶﺐ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﲡﺪ ﳌﺴ‪‬ﻪ ﲢﺖ ﻳﺪﻙ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺰ ﺍﳌﻨﺪﻭﻑ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﻭﺟﺪﺗﻪ ﺧﺸﻨﺎﹰ ﱂ ﻳﺴﻠﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﺠﺎﻧﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﻠﱠﻪ ﺭﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ‪ ،‬ﺫﻛﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺆﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻧﺸﻴﻄﺎﹰ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﺏ ﻭﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﺪﻟﻼﹰ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺸﻰ‪ ،‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻴﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﺖ‪ ‬ﰲ ﻓﺮ‪‬ﺱ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮﻫﺎ ﱂ ﺗ‪‬ﺨﺐ ﺍﻟﻔِﺮﺍﺳﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﳑﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﺴﺘﺪﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻮﺩﺗﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻨﻖ‪ :‬ﻟِﲔ‪ ‬ﺃﻋﻄﺎﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﲰﻮ‪ ‬ﻋﻨﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻃﱢﺮﺍﺩ‪ ‬ﻣﺘﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﺪﺓ ﺗﺪﺍﻓﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻗﺒﺾ‬
‫ﺭﺟﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﺸﻨ‪‬ﺞِ ﻧ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﺪﺓ ﻛﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﻭﺗ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻜﱡﻨِﻬﻤﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﲔ ﺃﻋﻄﺎﻓﻪ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﻗﺪﻩ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻓﺼﻮﺻﻪ ﻭﻓﻘﺎﺭ ﻇﻬﺮﻩ ﻟﻴﻨﺔ ﰲ ﲤﻌ‪‬ﻜﻪِ ﻭﻋ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻘِﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﲔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﻟﲔ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﲔ ﻟﻴﺲ ﲜﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﺌﻼ‬
‫ﻳﻠﺘﻮﻳﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺸﻴﻪ ﻭﻋ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻭﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﻋﻄﺎﻓﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﺳﺮﻉ ﻟﺘﺪﺍﻓﻌﻪ ﻭﺃﺣﻜﻢ ﻷﻣﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌ‪‬ﺮﻑ ﲤﻜﱡﻨ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻭ‪‬ﱄ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺣﻮﺍﻓﺮﻩ ﺃﺷﺪﻫﺎ ﺃﺧﺬﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻁﺀ "ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻣﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﺂﺧﺮﻫﺎ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﺃﺭﺳﺎﻏﻪ ﻻ ﺑﺎﳉﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺪﺑﺔ‪،‬‬

‫‪40‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﻭﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﱵ ﺗﺪﻧﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻓﹶﺘ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻰ ﰲ ﺣ‪‬ﻀ‪‬ﺮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳ‪‬ﻌﺮﻑ ﺷ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺞ‪ ‬ﻧ‪‬ﺸ‪‬ﺎﻩ‪ ‬ﻭﺷﺪﺓ ﻛﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﺸﺪﺓ ﺗﺄﺑ‪‬ﺾ ﺭﺟﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺸﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﺪﺓ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺣﻮﺍﻓﺮ ﺑﺎﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺿ‪‬ﺮﺣﻪ ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﻗﻒ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳎﻨ‪‬ﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻠﲔ ﻓﻴﻘﺎﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ "ﻣ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻷَﻧ‪‬ﺴﻰ"‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﻳ‪‬ﺴﺘﺪﻝﱡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﰲ ﺧ‪‬ﻀ‪‬ﺮﻩ ﺑﺴﻤﻮ‪ ‬ﻫﺎﺩﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﲔ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺟﺮﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ‬
‫ﲡﺘﻤﻊ ﻗﻮﺍﺋﻤﻪ ﻓﻼ ﺗﻔﺘﺮﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻛﺄﻥﹼ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﰲ ﻗﹶﺮ‪‬ﻥ ﻭﺭﺟﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺒﺴﻂ ﺿ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻌﻴﻪ ﻭﳝﺪ‪ ‬ﻛﹶﺸ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﻻ‬
‫ﳚﺪ ﻣﺰﻳﺪﺍﹰ ﻗﺼﻮﺍ ﻋﻦ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻭﻗﺒﻀﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺟﻠﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺒﺾ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﳝﻜﱠﻦ ﺭﺟﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺄﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺣﻮﺍﻓﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻗﺒﻀﻪ ﻛﺄﻥ ﺣﻮﺍﻓﺮﻩ ﺩ‪‬ﻓﻌﺎ ﰲ ﺭ‪‬ﻓﹾﻐﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻳ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻠﺦ ﺑﻴﺪﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻀ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺡ ﺑﺮﺟﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﻛﺄﳕﺎ ﻳﺮﻓﻊ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻀﺒﺢ ﺑﺼﺪﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳜﺘﻠﻂ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻠﻬﻮ ﻋﻦ ﺣ‪‬ﻀ‪‬ﺮﻩ‪ .‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺒﺴﺎﻡٍ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩ ﺍﻷﺒﻌﺩِ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﻗﹸﺭِﻨﻭﺍ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺠ‪‬ﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺭ‪‬ﻫﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺒِﺜﹶﻨﹾﻲِ ﺍﻟﻌِﻨﺎﻥ ﻭﻟﻡ ﻴﺠﻬﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻁﱢﻊ ﺒﺎﻟﺠ‪‬ﺭﻯِ ﺃﻨﻔﺎﺴ‪‬ﻬﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻄﺮﻳﺢ ﻗﻮﺍﺋﻤﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺣﻀﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺣﻮﺍﻓﺮﻩ ﺃﺛﲎ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻗﺪﻣﺎﹰ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﺃﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺑﻄﺊ‪ ،‬ﻭﲝ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﺐِ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻛﺜﺮﺓ ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻗﻮﺍﺋﻤﻪ ﻭﲢﺮﻳﻜﻪ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﺪﺓ ﻣﺮ‪‬ﻩ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺃﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻇﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺨﻴﻞ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺟﻮﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﺭﲟﺎ ﺭﺋﻲ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺩ ﳝﺮ ﻻﻫﻴﺎﹰ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺗﻜﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺃﻯ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﺃﺑﻄﺄ ﻣﻨﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺿﻢ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺳ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﻗﻮﺍﺋﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻜﻮﻥ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﲰﻮ ﻋﻨﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺮﺏ ﻗﺪﺭ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻂ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﺍﺋﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺘﻪ ﺑﺮﺃﺳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑ‪‬ﻂﺀ ﺭ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻊِ ﻗﻮﺍﺋﻤﻪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺫﺭﻳﻊ ﺻ‪‬ﺒﻮﺭ؛ ﻭﺻﺒﻮﺭ ﻻ ﺫﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﻟﻪ؛ ﻭﺫﺭﻳﻊ ﻻ ﺻﱪ ﻟﻪ؛ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻻ ﺻﱪ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺫﺭﺍﻋﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﺬﱠﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺒﻮﺭ‪ ‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﺍﳋﹶﻠﻖ‪ ،‬ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﻔﱠﺲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺒﻮﺭ ﻻ ﺫﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﻟﻪ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﺴ‪‬ﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺍﻋﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺿﻌﻒ‬
‫ﳜﺬﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻋ‪‬ﻈﹸﻢ‪ ‬ﻓﹶﺨِﺬﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻋ‪‬ﺒِﻞﹶ ﺫﺭﺍﻋﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳎﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺋﻢ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﹶﺣ‪‬ﻀ‪‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﺷ‪‬ﻨِﺞ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻧ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﻰ‪ ،‬ﺭﺣﻴﺐ‬

‫‪41‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺘﻨﻔﺲ‪ ‬ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺋﻢ‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻻﻧﺖ ﻣﻌﺎﻃﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﺎﻟﺖ ﻗﻮﺍﺋﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﲤﻜﻨﺖ ﻭﻃﺎﻟﺖ ﻋﻨﻘﻪ ﻭﺫﺭﺍﻋﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻈﻤﺖ‬
‫ﻓﺨﺬﺍﻩ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺫﺭﻉ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻮﺭﺓ ﺻﻔﺔﹰ ﺯﺍﺩ ﺑﻘﺪﺭﻫﺎ ﺟﻮﺩﺓﹰ ﻭﺫﺭﺍﻋﺔﹰ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﹶﻣ‪‬ﻠﹶﻚ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺑﺎﳋﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﱪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻓﻀﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﻮﺭ‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺴﺒﻖ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﺑﺬﺭﺍﻋﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺭﻙ‪ ‬ﻟﺼﱪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﺭ‪‬ﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﺻﱪ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻃﺎﻟﺖ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﻪ ﻭﻋﻨ‪‬ﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻﻧﺖ ﻣﻌﺎﻃﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋ‪‬ﻈﹸﻢ ﻓﺨﺬﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﺧﻠﹾﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺭﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﻔﱠﺲ؛ ﻓﻴﻮﺷﻚ ﺃﻥ ﻳ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻮ‪ ‬ﻟﻀﻴﻖ ﺗﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗ‪‬ﺮﺍﺩ‪ ‬ﻧ‪‬ﻔﹶﺴ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ‬
‫ﺟﻮﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻏﲑ ﺷ‪‬ﻨﺞ ﺍﻷَﻧ‪‬ﺴﻰ‪ ‬ﻭﻻ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﻃﺎﻝ ﺟ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺧﺖ ﺭﺟﻼﻩ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺴﺮﻉ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻀ‪‬ﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺷﺘﺪ ﻃﹶﺮ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺴﻠﻤﻪ ﻗﻮﺍﺋﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳜﺬﻟﻪ ﺻﱪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﺻﱪ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺫﹶﺭﺍﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺍﳌﻨ‪‬ﺸ‪‬ﺎﻝ ﺍﳋﹶﻠﹾﻖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻗﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻀﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﺲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺧﻮ ﺍﻷَﻧ‪‬ﺴﻰ‪ .‬ﻓﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓﹲ ﻣﻨﻬﻦ ﰲ ﻓﹶﺮﺱ ﺇﻻ ﺧﺬﻟﺘﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺫﹶﺭﺍﻋﺘﻪ ﻭﺻ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺮِﻩ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺷﺘﺪ ﻧ‪‬ﻔﹶﺲ ﺍﻟﻔﹶﺮﺱ ﻭﺭﺣ‪‬ﺐ ﻣ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺨِﺮﺍﻩ ﻭﺟﻮﻓﻪ ﻣﻊ ﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﺧ‪‬ﻠﹾﻘﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺻﺒﻮﺭﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺷﺘﺪ ﺧ‪‬ﻠﹾﻘﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﻤﺖ ﻓﺼﻮﺻﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﺖ ﻗﻮﺍﺋﻤﻪ ﰲ ﺣ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﺮﻩ ﻭﱂ ﺗﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺩﻝ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺪﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﻣ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺪ ﻳﻜﹶﺮﺏ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺳﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺪﺓ ﻓﺮﺳﻪ ﺣﲔ ﺧﺎﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺿﻌﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺄﻥ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻋ‪‬ﻜﹾﻮﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﻠﺪ ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﻭﻻ ﺍﳔﺬﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻠﻢ ﺷﺪﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻷَﺳ‪‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﳋﹶﻠﹾﻖ‪ ،‬ﺭﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﻔﱠﺲ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﱂ ﻳﺼﱪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺑﺎﻃﻨﻪ؛ ﻭﻳﻌﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﺴﻘﻮﻁ ﻧ‪‬ﻔﹶﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺘﻮﺭ ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻼﻝ ﺿﺮﺳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺪﺍﻡ ﺟﺴﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻗﻮﺍﺋﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻋ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻘﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺧ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺒﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺭﲟﺎ ﺃﺧﺬ ﰲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻪ ﺃﺧﺬﺍﹰ ﺣﺴﻨﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﹶﺣ‪‬ﻀ‪‬ﺮ‪ ‬ﺻﺎﺭ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﳉﺮﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺭﺩﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﳋﻠﻖ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﲟﺎ ﺃﺧﺬ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺃﺧﺬﺍﹰ ﺣﺴﻨﺎﹰ ﺑﺎﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﻗﻮﺍﺋﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺴﻂ ﺿ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻌﻴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﲰﻮ‪ ‬ﻫﺎﺩﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻜﻔﱡﺖ ﺭﺟﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻹﺣﻀﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻧﺘﻪ ﺭﺩﺍﺀﺓ ﺧﻠﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺎﻗﺘﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺮﻋﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻹﺣﻀﺎﺭ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺸﻮﺍﺭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺭﲟﺎ ﺃﺟﺎﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺧﺬ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺮﻱ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﲜﻴ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳋﻠﻖ‪ ،‬ﻏﲑ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ‪ ،‬ﺭﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﻔﺲ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺸﺎﻝ ﺍﳋﻠﻖ ﻗﺒﻴﺤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺴﺊ ﺍﻷﺧﺬ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﻭﺍﻹﺣﻀﺎﺭ؛ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﹶﻋ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻖ ﺃﻧﺒﺴﻂ ﻧﺼﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺮﺧﺖ ﺭﺟﻼﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻻﺳﺘﺮﺧﺎﺀ ﺣِﺒﺎﳍﻮﺃﻧﺴﺎﺋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳ‪‬ﻮﺀ ﺧﻠﻘﻪ‪ .‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﰲ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﹸﻀ‪‬ﺮ‪ .‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺳﻮﺍﳘﺎ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﳜﺘﻠﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺘﻔﺮﺱ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﺴﺘﺪﻝﱡ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‪.‬‬

‫‪42‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

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‫ﻭﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﳋﹶﻠﹾﻖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻷَﺳ‪‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﻔﱠﺲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻨﺞِ ﺍﻷَﻧ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺮﻛﱠﺒﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻛﺎﻫﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳊﹶﻘﹾﻮِ‪ ،‬ﺍﳍﹶﺮﻳﺖ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺪﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺬﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻣﺊ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻮﺹ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺘﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻮﺍﻓﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻗﺎﹶﺣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺻ‪‬ﻠﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﻌ‪‬ﺒﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺷﺪﺓ ﺃﺳﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻓﻬﻤﺎ ﺻﻔﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻼﺯﻣﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﲔ ﻛﻞﱡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻌﲔ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺷﺠﺎﻋﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﲔ ﺷﺠﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻗﻮﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻜﻤﻞ‪ .‬ﻓﺸﺠﺎﻉ‪ ‬ﻏﲑ ﻗﻮﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻘﻬﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻮﻯ‪ ‬ﺷﺠﺎﻉ ﻣﻬﺰﻭﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺭ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﺐ ﻣﺘﻨﻔﱠﺴِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺨِﺮﺍﻩ ﻭﺟﻮﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﺴﻌﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﺳﺮﻉ ﻟﺮﺟ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﱠﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺳﻬﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻭﻳﺢ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺋﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺿﺎﻕ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺗ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺍﺩ‪ ‬ﻧ‪‬ﻔﹶﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻜﺘﻢ ﺭ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻮﻩ ﻭ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻜﹾﺮ‪ ‬ﺑ‪‬ﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳ‪‬ﻘﹾﻄﹶﻌ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻫ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺕ‪ ‬ﺷﺪﻗﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻴﺴﻬﻞ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﺑﺴﻌﺘﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺒﻌﺪ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﺎﻡ ﻋﻦ ﺛﻨﺎﻳﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺘﺮﻭ‪‬ﺡ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺳ‪‬ﻌﺔﹸ ﻣ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺨ‪‬ﺮﻳﻪ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻭﻳﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺟ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋ‪‬ﻨﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻴﺴﻤﻮ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﺳﻬﻞ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﺮﻭ‪‬ﺣﺎﹰ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺷﺪﺓ ﻣﺮﻛﱠﺒﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻫﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻸﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﺴﺎﻧﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺟﺮﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺠﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﻮﻧﺔ ﺑﻘﻮﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻋِﻈﹶﻢ‪ ‬ﻓﺨﺬﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻸﻥ ﻳ‪‬ﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋِﻈﹶﻢ‪ ‬ﻣﺌﻮﻧﺔ ﺟ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺷﺪﺓ ﺣ‪‬ﻘِﻮ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻸ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻣﻌﻠﹼﻖ ﻭﺭﻛﻴﻪ ﻭﺭﺟﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺻ‪‬ﻠﺒﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺷ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺞ‪ ‬ﺃﻧ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﺎﺋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻸﻧﻪ ﺃﺳﺮﻉ ﻟﻘﺒﺾ ﺭﺟﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺷﺪ ﻟﻀﺮ‪‬ﺣﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﺩﻓﹾﻌِﻪ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻇﹶﻤ‪‬ﺄ ﻓﺼﻮﺻﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻸ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﺭﺿﻪ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗ‪‬ﻘﻠﱡﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻴﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﻤﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻗِﺤ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻭﺻﻼﺑﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻸَ‪‬ﺎ ﻣ‪‬ﺴﺎﹶﺣِﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗ‪‬ﺜﹾﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻷﺭﺽ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺗ‪‬ﻘﻌﻴﺒ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻸ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻜﻔﻬﺎ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺃﺛﺒﺖ ﺣﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﺺ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﺬﻩ ﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﺘﻐ‪‬ﲎ ﺑﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻖ ﺟﺪﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﻗﹶﺼ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻏﹾﺘ‪‬ﻔِﺮ‪ ‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻊ ﻋِﺮ‪‬ﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣ‪‬ﻔﹾﺮﻉ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻼﹶﰊ‪،‬‬
‫ﺷﺎﺧِﺺ‪ ‬ﺍﳊﺎﺭﻙ ﻣ‪‬ﻨﻴﻔﹶﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﺄﺧﺮﻩ ﺇﱃ ﻇﻬﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻋﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻔﲔ‪ ،‬ﻃﻮﻳﻠﹶﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻏﺎﻣِﺾ‪ ‬ﺃﻋﺎﻟﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻟﻄﻴﻒ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺗ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﻨِﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻗﲔ‪ ،‬ﻃﻮﻳﻞﹶ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺍﻋﲔ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻐﺘﻔﺮ ﻗﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺍﻋﲔ ﻣﻊ ﺷﺪﺓ ﻋ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﲤﻜﱡﻦ‬
‫ﺃﹶﺭ‪‬ﺳﺎﹶﻏﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻋﻀﺪﻳﻪ ﻭﻛﺘﻔﻴﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻫﻠﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻐﺘﻔﺮ ﺣ‪‬ﻤﻮﺷﺔ ﺫﺭﺍﻋﻴﻪ ﻣﻊ ﻃﻮﳍﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻣﺘﻼﺀ ﻋ‪‬ﻀ‪‬ﺪﻳﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺬﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺒﻠﻐﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺼﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮ ﺍﻏﺘ‪‬ﻔِﺮ‪ ‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﻻﺳﺘﻮﺍﺋﻬﻤﺎ‬

‫‪43‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﻭﻻﺳﺘﻠﺤﺎﻣﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻐﺘﻔﺮ ﻗﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻗﲔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺮﻳﻀﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﺷ‪‬ﻨِﺞ‪ ‬ﺍﻷَﻧ‪‬ﺴﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﻭﻋِﺮ‪‬ﺽ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻗﲔ ﺃﻭﱃ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺼﺮﳘﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻳﻐﺘﻔﺮ ﺍﻧﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺣ‪‬ﻘﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﺴﻦِ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺎﳌﻔﺮ‪‬ﻁ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻐﺘﻔﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻘﺼﺮ ﻇﻬﺮﻩ ﻭﻋِﺮ‪‬ﺽ‬
‫ﻓﹶﻘﺎﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺮﺏ ﻗﹶﺼ‪‬ﺮﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﺪﺓ ﻣ‪‬ﻌﺎﹶﻗﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﲰﻮ‪ ‬ﺻﻠﺒﻪ ﰲ ﻋ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﺰﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﺨﻮﺹ ﻗﻄﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﺪﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻔﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺭﺟﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻳﻐﺘﻔﺮ ﻋﻈﻢ ﻓﺼﻮﺻﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺭﺧﺎﻭ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺭﻗﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﻓﺮﻩ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺻﻼﺑﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳋﹶﻠﹾﻖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻳﻐﺘﻔﺮ ﺿﻌﻒ ﻧ‪‬ﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﺳﻘﻮﻃﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺭ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﺎﻭﺓ ﺣﺒﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﺿﻴﻖ ﻣﺘﻨﻔﱠﺴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﰎﱠ ﺍﻟﻔﹶﺮﺱ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻧﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻘﺼﲑ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻐﺘﻔﺮ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﻮﺏ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻻﺣﻘﺎﹰ ﺑﺎﳉﻴﺎﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱠﰎ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ ﳑﺎ ﺍﻏﺘﻔﺮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻓﻀﻞﹶ ﲝﺴﺐ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﹶﺮﺱ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳋﹶﻠﹾﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻔﹶﺲ ﱂ ﻳﻨﻔﻌﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻡ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻔﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳋﹶﻠﹾﻖ ﱂ ﻳﺼﱪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺮﻱ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﰎ ﺧﻠﹾﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺪﺕ ﻧ‪‬ﻔﹾﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺭ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﺐ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﻔﱠﺲ ﱂ ﻳﺼﱪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺭ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻮِﻩ ﻓﹶﺘﺮﺍﺩ‪ ‬ﻧ‪‬ﻔﹶﺴ‪‬ﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﺗﺴﻊ ﺟﻮﻓﻪ ﻭﺿﺎﻗﺖ ﻣ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺨِﺮﺍﻩ ﻟﻜﺘﻢ ﺭ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻩ ﻓﻬﺪﺃ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﺐ ﺍﳌﻨﺨِﺮ‪‬ﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﻑ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﺮ‪‬ﺣﺐ ﻭﻻ ﺍﳌﻬﻀﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳍﻀﻢ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻫ‪‬ﺸﺎﱠ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳ‪‬ﺤﺘ‪‬ﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﺎ ﳛ‪‬ﺘﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺣﺐ ﺍﳉﻮﻑ‪ .‬ﻓﻤﻊ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﻕ‪ ‬ﳜﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﹼﺲ ﻣﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﺮﳛ‪‬ﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺭ‪‬ﺣﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺭﻫﺎﺏ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺷﺪ‪ ‬ﻟﺮﺍﺣﺘﻪ؛ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻊ ﻫﻀﻤﻪ ﺿ‪‬ﻴﻖ ﺍﻹﺭﻫﺎﺏ ﻳ‪‬ﺒِﺴ‪‬ﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺃﺳﺮﻉ ﰲ ﺟﻬﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺿﻌﻒ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺿﻴﻖ ﺍﳌﻨﺨ‪‬ﺮﻳﻦ ﰒ ﺃﺟﻬﺪ ﺣﱴ ﺗ‪‬ﺮﺍﺩ‪ ‬ﻧ‪‬ﻔﹶﺴﻪ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﹶﻤِﻨﺎﹰ ﺃﻥ ﳝﻮﺕ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺎﹰ ﻭﻳﻄﹶﻔﻰ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺸ‪‬ﺎﹰ ﻓﹸﲑﺍﺡ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻋ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻗﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺷﺪﺓ ﺧ‪‬ﻠﹾﻘﻪ ﻭﲤﺎﻡ ﺟﺴﻤﻪ ﻟﻄﻴﻒ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﻓﺮ‪ ،‬ﺭﻗﻴﻘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﺧﻮﻫﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﱂ ﻳﻠﺒﺚ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻨﺼﺪﻉ ﻭﻳ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﻔﹶﻰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﺮﺍﺩ‪ ‬ﻣﻨﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻝ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻳ‪‬ﺴﺘﺤﺐ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﹶﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ ﻳ‪‬ﺴﺘﺤﺐ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﺜﻰ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﻃﻮﻝﹶ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻴﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻮﺽ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﻠِﻪ ﳊﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻬﺰِﻣ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﻇﹶﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﺟ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﺄﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗِﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﲔ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﹶﺮِ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﻣﺔﹸ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺪ‪‬ﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺱ‪ .‬ﻭﳛ‪‬ﺘﻤﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻧﺜﻰ‪ .‬ﻭﺷﻬﺎﻣﺔﹸ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‪ :‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻪ‪،‬‬

‫‪44‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﻭﻃﻤﻮﺡ‪ ‬ﺑﺼِﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺪ ﻣ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻯ ﻃﹶﺮ‪‬ﻓﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻷَﺷ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺱ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﻣﺬﻋﻮﺭ ﻟﺸﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﻧﻈﺮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ‪" :‬ﺫﻛﹶﺮ ﻣﺬﻋﻮﺭ ﻧ‪‬ﺌﹸﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﺜﻰ ﺻ‪‬ﺌﻮﻡ" ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ‪ :‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﺧﲑ ﰲ ﺟ‪‬ﺲ‪‬ﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺋﻢ ﻟﻠﺬﻛﺮ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺜﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺜﻰ ﺃﺷﺪ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻ ﰲ ﻣﻘﺪ‪‬ﻣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﳌﺎ ﻳﻜﺮﻩ ﰲ ﻣﻘﺪ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻛﹶﺮ‪ .‬ﻭ‪‬ﻻ ﻏﲎ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺋﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺃﺟﻨﺤﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺠﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻧﺜﻰ ﻗﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺬﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺮﺏ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﲔ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻜﺮﻩ ﺗﺒﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺭﺟﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺗﺴﻊ‬
‫ﻋِﺠﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺣ‪‬ﺐ‪ ‬ﻣ‪‬ﻬِﺒﻠﻬﺎ ‪ -‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻇﹶﺒ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘﻬﺎ ‪ -‬ﺍﺳ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺧﺖ ﺭﺟﻼﻫﺎ ﻓﹶﺤﺸ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺢ ﻭﺧﺎﺭﺕ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻭ‪‬ﺭِﻛﺎﻫﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺿﻌﻔﺖ ﻋﻦ ﻋ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﲟﺎ ﺣ‪‬ﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻜﹶﺒ‪‬ﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺠﻴﺐ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻷَﻓﺮ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻔﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﹶﻔﹾﺰ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺰ‪‬ﻕ‪ .‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺄﻥ ﲡﻤﻊ ﻗﻮﺍﺋﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﻼ ﺗﻔﺮﻗﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺣ‪‬ﻀﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺛﺒﺎﹰ ﺻﻌﺪﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻋﺘﻼﺀٍ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺋﻢ ﺩﻟﻴﻞﹲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺪﺓ ﺍﳋﻠﻖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺜﻰ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺭ‪‬ﻭِﻯ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳ‪‬ﺴﺘﺤﺒﻮ‪‬ﻥ ﺇﻧﺎﺙ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﳌﺎ ﺧﻔِﻲ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺒﻮﻥ ﻓﺤﻮﻝﹶ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻮﻑ ﻭﺍﳊﹸﺼﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﳌﺎ ﻇﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺒﻮﻥ ﺧِﺼ‪‬ﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻼﺋﻊ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﺻﱪ ﻭﺃﺑﻘﻰ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻬﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺸﺭ‬

‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺭﻜﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻝ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺤﺎﻻﺘﻪ‬

‫ﻓﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﳌﻦ ﻳ‪‬ﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮ‪‬ﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺏ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻏﲎ‪ ‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺇﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻯ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺮﺝ ﻭﺇﻣﺴﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻌِﻨﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﺻﻮﻻﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﺳﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺴﺘﻌﲔ ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻛﻮﺏ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻴﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻋ‪‬ﻠﹶﻢ‪ - ‬ﺃﺭﺷﺪﻙ ﺍﷲ ‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻣﺒﺘﺪﺃﻫﺎ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﱂ ﻳﺘﺪﺭﺏ ﺃﻭﻻﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻯٍ ﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺛﺒﻮﺗﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﺑﺪﺍﹰ ﻗﹶﻠﻘﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺳﺮﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺧ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺒﻪ ﻭﺭ‪‬ﻛﹾﻀِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺆﻣ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺳﻘﻮﻃﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺏ ﻓﺮﺳﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﺘﻪ ﻫ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻤﻦ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﱡﺮﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﻯ ﻓﻠﻴﻠﺒﺲ ﺛﻴﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﺧ‪‬ﻔﹶﺎﻓﺎﹰ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻠﺠﻢ ﻓﺮﺳ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺸﺪ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺟ‪‬ﻞﱠ ﺻﻮﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺷﻌﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺛﻴﻖ ﺍﳊﺰﺍﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﺒﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻛﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﹸﻞﱢ ﺃﺛﺒﺖ‪ ‬ﻣﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺩ؛ ﻭﻳﻘﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺴﺎﺭ ﻓﺮﺳﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﻜﺒﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﳝﺴﻚ ﻋﻨﺎﻥِ ﳉﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ‪ .‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﻑ‪ ‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻥ ﻓﻼ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺜﺐ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻭﺧﻔﺔ؛ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻇﻬﺮﻩ ﲨﻊ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻛﺎﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺼﺐ‪ ‬ﻇﹶﻬﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺰﻡ ﺑﻔﺨِﺬﹶﻳﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‪ ‬ﺩﻓﱠﱵ‬

‫‪45‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﻗﻠﻴﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﳝﺪ ﺭﻛﺒﺘﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﺎﻗﻴﻪ ﻭﻗﺪﻣﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﻛﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﹶﺮ‪‬ﺱ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﳝﻜﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺇ‪‬ﺎﻣﻲ ﻗﺪﻣﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‪‬ﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﱡﺰﻭﻡ ﺑﻔﺨﺬﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﺬﻟﻚ ﳛﻮﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻟﺰﻡ ﺭﻛﻮﺑﻪ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻼ ﺭﻛﻮﺏ ﻭﻻ ﺛﺒﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺗﺴﻮِﻳ‪‬ﺔﹸ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻥ ﺃﺻﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻹﺗﻘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳ‪‬ﺨﺮﺝ‪ ‬ﻓﺮﺳﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻐﻤﺰ ﺧ‪‬ﻔﻴﻒ ‪‬ﻳﻐ‪‬ﻤﺰﻩ‬
‫ﺑﻌ ِﻘﺒ‪‬ﻴﻪِ ﺑﺮﻓﻖ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﺴﲑ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻖ ﺑﺮﻓﻖ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﺘﻮﺳﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻖ ﻗﻠﻴﻼﹰ؛ ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻌﻬ‪‬ﺪ‪ ‬ﻧﻔﹾﺴﻪ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻠﻮﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳍﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺃﺧ‪‬ﺬ ﺍﻟﻌِﻨﺎﻥ ﻭﺗ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﻮﻳﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺛﺒﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺎﺭ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻪ ﻋﺎ ‪‬ﺩﺓﹰ‬
‫ﻭﻃﹶﺒ‪‬ﻌﺎﹰ‪ .‬ﰒ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻓﺮﺳﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻨ‪‬ﻖ‪ ‬ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﺐ‪ ‬ﺑﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻐﻤﺰ ﺑﻌﻘﺒﻴﻪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺧﻔﻴﻔﺔ؛ ﻓﻴﺨ‪‬ﺐ‪ ‬ﺧﺒﺎﹰ ﻟﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎﹰ؛ ﻭﻟﻴﺨﻄﻒ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﺍﳋﺐ‪ ‬ﻳﻜﺎﺩ ﻳ‪‬ﻘﹾﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺱ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺳ‪‬ﺮﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﺋﻪ ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺟﺬﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺤﺬﺭ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﲔ؛ ﰒ ﻟﻴﺰﺩ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ‬ﺑﺘﺪﺭﻳﺞ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ‪ .‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺑﺴﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﻳﺴﲑ ﺳﲑﺍﹰ ﻛﺪﺑﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹾﻴﺴﺘ‪‬ﻌﻦ‪ ‬ﺑﺴﺎﻗﻴﻪ ﻭﻳﻠﺰﻡ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﹶﺮﺱ‪ .‬ﺃﻭ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﻗﺪﳝﻪ ﲢﺖ ﺇﺑﻄﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﺃﻭ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻠﺤﻖ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳋﺐ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ‪ .‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻐﲎ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺴﺎﻗﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻜﻦ ﰲ ﻇﹶﻬ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﹶﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﹶﺮﺱ‪ ‬ﲢﺘﻪ ﺳﻜﻮﻧﺎﹰ ﺗﺎﻣ‪‬ﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻴ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﹶﺮ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﲔ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮﻳﺘﲔ‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻭﺧﻒ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﻓﻠﻴ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﺮِ ﻓﺮﺳ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻞﺀَ ﻓﺮﻭﺟﻪ؛ ﻭﻟﻴﺤﺬﺭ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﲔ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺛﺐ ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳉﺬﺏ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﺟﺬﺑ‪‬ﻪ ﻗﺼ‪‬ﺪﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻄﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﹼﻠﻖِ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻳ‪‬ﻔﺴﺪ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺢ‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻟﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎﹰ ﻭﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻨﺤﺒﺲ ﰲ ﺟﺬﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻓﻼ ﳛﺒﺴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺛﻼﺙ‬
‫ﺟ‪‬ﺬﺑﺎﺕٍ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﺒﺴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ ﺑﻮﻗﻔﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻛﻞ ﺟﺬﺑﺔ ﺃﻟﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ؛ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﺒﺾ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺟﺬﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﺣﺒﺴﺎﹰ ﺭﻓﻴﻘﺎﹰ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻧﻴﺎﹰ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ .‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺮﺳﻞ ﺍﻟﻌِﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳉﺬﺑﺘﲔ ﻟﺌﻼ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﹶﺮﺱ‪ ‬ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮﻱ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻴﻌﺪﻝ ﻳﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻌِﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﺒﺴﻪ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻮﺍﺀ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻴ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﺬﺭ‪ ‬ﻃﹸﻮﻟﹶﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻭﻗِﺼ ‪‬ﺮﻩ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻧﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﺪﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌِﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻛﺎﳌﻴﺰﺍﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﺣ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋ‪‬ﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻞ ﻭﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺒﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻌﺪﻳﻠﻪ ﲟﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻭﻣﺆﺧﺮﻩ ﺁﻛﹶﺪ‪ ‬ﻣﺎ ﺗﻌ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻭﻻ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﺍﹰ‪ .‬ﻓﻠﻴﺤ‪‬ﺬﺭ ﺍﳌﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻮﺍﺀ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺜﲑ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺣﺒﺴﻪ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺧ‪‬ﻠﹶﻌ‪‬ﻪ‪ ‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺮﺟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﺘﺤﻔﻆ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳉﺬﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺩ‪‬ﻣﺎﺀ ﻓﹶﻢِ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﺠﺎﻡ؛ ﻓﻘﻞﱠ ﻣﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﺪﻣﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻻ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺈﻣﺴﺎﻛﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﰲ ﻋِﻨﺎﻧﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﺎﻡ ﻧ‪‬ﺎﺯِﻛﻴﺎﹰ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﹼﺰﻣﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻟﹸﺠ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺛﻘﻠﻪ ﻭﺧﻔﺘﻪ ﺑﻘﺪﺭ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‪ .‬ﻓﻠﺘﺠﺮ‪‬ﺏ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﱡﺠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻳ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺧﻒ‪ ‬ﻭﺃﻃﻴﺐ ﰲ ﻓﻤﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺣﺎﻻ ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﳉﺎﻣ‪‬ﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ "ﻣﺎ" ﻳﺼﻠﺤﻪ ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺫﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﹶﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻳ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻠﹸﻚ‪ ‬ﳉﺎﻣﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺴﺘﻄﻴﺒﻪ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﳜﺎﻓﻪ ﻓﻴﺸﺒ‪‬ﺒﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻄﺎﻃﺊ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ؛ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋِﻔﱠﺔ ﲝﻴﺚ ﻳﺴﺘﻬﲔ ﺑﻪ‬

‫‪46‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻭﻻ ﳝﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺱ‪ ‬ﺭﺃﺳﻪ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﻝ ﺑﲔ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﻋِﺬﺍﺭ‪‬ﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘِﺼﺮِ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﻃﻮﻟﻪ ﻳﻨﻘﹸﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺟ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻯ ﺍﻟﻔﹶﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﺤ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﲔ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺿ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺏ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﺎﻡ‪ ‬ﺃﺳﻨﺎﻧﻪ ﺁﺫﺍﻩ ﻭﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﻱ ﻭﺷ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﻠﹶﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺫﺍ ﻗﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻥ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﺎﻡ ﺑﺄﻧﻴﺎﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺗﺮﻭ‪‬ﺡ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻥ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﹶﺼ‪‬ﺮِ ﲝﻴﺚ ﻻ ﻳﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﻟﻘﹶﺮ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻮﺱ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺴﲑ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﻃﹸﻮﻟﹶﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺸﻐﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﺎﺭﺱ‪ ،‬ﻣ‪‬ﺤﻴ‪‬ﺮ ﻟﻠﻔﹶﺮ‪‬ﺱ‪ .‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﺗﻘﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﻮﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺎﺭ ﻟﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﺎﻟﻄﺒﻊ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺪ ﻣﻠﹶﻚ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﺏ ﺃﹶﺻ‪‬ﻠﹶﻪ ﻭﺣﺎﺯ ﺟ‪‬ﻠﱠﻪ؛ ﻓﻠﻴﻨﻘﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ‬ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﺝ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﻮﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻝ‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺮﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺮﺝ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﳌﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺨﲑ‪ ‬ﺳ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺟﺎﹰ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺎﹰ ﻟﻴﺘﻘﻠﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻛﹶﻴﻒ ﺷﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﳌﻦ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﳌﺘﺴﻊ ﺃﻭﻓﻖ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﻴﻖ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﻭﺛﻴﻖ ﺍﳋﺸ‪‬ﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﻊ‪ ‬ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺲ‪ ،‬ﻻﻃِﺊﹶ ﺍﻟﻘﹶﺮ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻮﺱ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺧﺮﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﺒ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻪ‪ ‬ﻭﺛﻴﻘﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻠﺪٍ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺑﺎﻍ ﻳﺪﻭﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﺴ‪‬ﺮﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺰﺍﻡٍ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﺛﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣِﺰﺍﹶﻡ‪ :‬ﻭﺣﺰﺍﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺧﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺰﺍﻡ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄﱠ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭِﻛﺎﹶﺑ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻌﺘﺪﱄ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﻭﺍﳊﹰﻠﻖِ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻴﻘﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺛﻘﻠﻬﻤﺎ ﺧﲑ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻔﺘﻬﻤﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺑ‪‬ﻮﺛﹶﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺳ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﺎﺑ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻦِ ﻭﺍﻷَﺑﺎﺯﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻔﻘﺪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻃﻮﳍﺎ ﻭﻗﺼﺮﳘﺎ ﻟﻴﻜﻮﻧﺎ ﺳﻮﺍﺀً؛‬
‫ﻭﺑﻘﺪﺭ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻘِﺼ‪‬ﺮ‪ .‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻧﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻝ ﻳﺴﲑﺍﹰ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻧﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘِﺼ‪‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻧﻪ ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻗﹸﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺭﲟﺎ ﺃﻧﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺳ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺣﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻭ‪‬ﺛﹾﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﹶﺮﺱ ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺟﺬﺑﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺄﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻮﻁ‪،‬‬
‫ﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺍﻍ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﺃﻭ ﺷ‪‬ﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻞ ﺭِﺟ‪‬ﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺣﺪ‪ ‬ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﻳ‪‬ﻘﺪ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﺄﺛﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﳋِﻔﺎﻑ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﻯ ﺣﺪ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺎﺭﻕ‬
‫ﻗﺪ‪‬ﻩ ﺛﻘﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻠﺒﻮﺳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﺬﺭ ﻗﻴﺎﻣ‪‬ﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﺟﻠﻮﺳﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺼﻠﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﻌﺪﺗﻪ ﰲ ﻣﻘﻌﺪ ﺳﺮﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻃﻪ ﺳﺎﻗﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻛﺎﺑﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻛﺎﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻚ ﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﺟﺴﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺪﺍﻝ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻋ‪‬ﻀﻮٍ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺨﺬ‬
‫ﺑﺪﺍﺩﻳﻦ ﻣ‪‬ﺪﻭ‪‬ﺭﻳﻦ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺮﺑ‪‬ﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﳌﻦ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ ﻭﺍﳉﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﳊﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻘﻄﻊ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﺝ ﻓﻴﻘﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍﺩ‪ ‬ﻭﲝﺮﺱ ﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﹶﺮ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻮﺱ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺧﺮﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺘﺨﺬ ﻣِﺮ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﺔﹰ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻃﺎﻗﺘﲔ ﻭﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﲢﺖ ﺍﻟﺒِﺪﺍﺩ‪‬ﻳﻦ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﺷﺤﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﲡﻔﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒِﺪ‪‬ﺍﺩﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺷ‪‬ﺪﺓﱠ ﺑﻴﺪﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﱃ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ؛ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘ‪‬ﻜﻞﹸ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﻮﻻﹼﻩ ﻏﲑ‪‬ﻩ ﻓﻠﻴ‪‬ﻤﺘﺤِﻨﻪ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺭﻛﻮﺑﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﺎﹰ ﲝﺮﻛﺘﻪ ﻭﻧﺰﻭﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﱴ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺰﺍﻡ ﺭﺧ‪‬ﻮﺍﹰ ﻣﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺮﺝ‪ ‬ﺑﻔﺎﺭﺳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺳﻴ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺃﹶﻣ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﻚ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻏﲑ‪ ‬ﺟﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻓﺈﻥ‬

‫‪47‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺷﺘﺪ ﱂ ﳝ‪‬ﺞ‪ ‬ﰲ ﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﺪ ﻳ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺑﺮ‪‬ﻩ ﻭﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻘﺮ‪ ‬ﻇﻬﺮﻩ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺭﺧﺎﻭﺗﻪ ﻭﺍﳓﻼﻟﻪ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻘﹾﺮ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻴﻤﺴﻚ ﺳﻮﻃﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻗﻀﻴﺒﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﺏ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺸﻤﺮ ﺛﻴﺎﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻳﺴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺳﻪ ﲝﺬﺍﺀ ﺭﻛﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﻷﻳﺴﺮ ﻭﺭﺍﺀﻩ ﻗﻠﻴﻼﹰ‪ .‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﻓﺄﻧﻪ ﻋﻴﺐ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ ﺍﻷﻳﺴﺮ ﻳﻠﻲ ‪‬ﻣﻨ‪‬ﻜِﺐ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﹶﻔﺮ‪‬ﺱ‪ .‬ﻓﻴﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ ﻣﻊ ﻃﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺑﻮﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﻑ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﹶﻋ‪‬ﻮﻥﹶ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﻘﺼﺮ ﻋﻨﺎﻧﻪ ﰲ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻟﻴﻤﺘﻠﺊ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﱴ ﱂ ﳛﺲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﺎﻡ ﺭﲟﺎ ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺏ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺭﻛﻮﺑﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻔﺮﻁ ﰲ ﻛﺒﺤﻪ ﻓﻴﺪﻭﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﺘﺪﺍﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﰒ ﻳﻔﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻳﺴﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻗﺪ‪‬ﺍﻡ ﻓﺘﻠﺔﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻀﻊ ﺻﺪﺭ ﺭﺟﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﳝﺪﻫﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻛﺘﻒ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻬﺎ ﲢﺖ ﺑﻄﻨﻪ‪ .‬ﰒ ﻟﻴﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲎ ﺍﻟﻘﹶﺮ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻮﺱ‪ ‬ﻭﻣﺆﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺮﺝ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺷﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺻﻮﺍﺏ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﺧ‪‬ﺬﹸ ﺍﻟﻘﹶﺮ‪‬ﺑﻮﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻤﲎ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﰒ ﻟﻴ‪‬ﺸِﻞﹾ ﻧﻔﺴ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺷ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻼﹰ ﺭﻓﻴﻘﺎﹰ ﺑﺎﻗﺘﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﺳﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺮﻛﺐ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﻣﺴﻚ ﻟﻪ ﺇﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻛﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﳝﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺭﻛﻮﺑﻪ ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﺣ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﻯ ﰲ ﺳﺮﺟﻪ ﺟﺎﻟﺴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻴﻀﻊ ﺻﺪﺭ ﺭﺟﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﳝﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﺎﺑﲔ ﻗﻠﻴﻼﹰ‬
‫ﻟﻴﺴﺘﻮ‪‬ﻱ ﺛﻴﺎﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﹶﺣ‪‬ﺐ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﻮ‪‬ﻱ ﺛﻴﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﻴﻨﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﳚﻠﺲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺮﺝ ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻴﻔﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻓﹶﻌ‪‬ﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﹸﺮﺳ‪‬ﺎﻥﹸ‪ .‬ﻭﻻ ﺃﺭﻯ ﺃﻧﺎ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻗﺪ ﻳ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﺣ‪‬ﺮﻛﺔﹲ ﻓﻼ ﳝﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﻟﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻳ‪‬ﻤﺴﻚ ﺍﻟﻌِﻨﺎﻥ ﰲ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻝ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﻠﱠﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﺴﻮ‪‬ﻱ ﺍﻟﻌِﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﲨﻴﻌﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﺪﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺃﺱ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻔﺮ‪‬ﺱ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﳜﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﻑ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻥ ﻳﻐﻤﺰﻩ ﺑﻌﻘﺒﻴﻪ ﻏﻤﺰﺍﹰ ﺧﻔﻴﻔﺎﹰ ﻭﻻ ﳛﺮﻛﻪ ﲝﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﲝﺮﻛﺔ ﺳﺎﻗﻴﻪ ﻳﻀﺮﺏ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺑﻄﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﻗﺒﻴﺢ ﻻ ﻳﻔﻌﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻟﺬﱢ ﻣﺸﻴﺔ ﻓﺮﺳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺣﺴﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﻔﱢﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﹶﺮ‪‬ﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺷﺪﻫﺎ ﺳﻜﻮﻧﺎﹰ ﻓﻴﺤﻤﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻴﺘﻔﻘﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺼ‪‬ﻠﹸﺢ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺇﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﺳﻴﺔ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﲝ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﻮﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺮﺝ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻌِﻨﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻐ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟِﻪ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻪ ﲟﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺣﻴﺚﹸ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻀﻄﺮ ﻟﻪ‪ .‬ﻓﻠﻴﻜﻦ ﺟﻠﻮﺳ‪‬ﻪ ﻣ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﺘﻮﻳﺎﹰ ﻣ‪‬ﻨﺘﺼﺐ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ ﻣﻌﺘﺪﻝﹶ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻜِﺒِﻴ‪‬ﻦ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻣ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﺘﻠﻘﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻣﺘﺼﺪ‪‬ﺭﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻣﻨﺤﺪﺑﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻣﻌﺘﺪﻻﹰ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﳉﻠﻮﺱ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻓﻠﻴﻠﺰﻡ‬
‫ﺑﻔﺨﺬﻳﻪ ﺩ‪‬ﻓﱵ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺮﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻄﻮﻝ ﻓﺨﺬﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﻮ‪‬ﺭ ﺭﺟﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﺎﺑﲔ ﻭﻳﻠﺰﻣﻬﺎ ﺻﺪﻭﺭﳘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻔﺘﺤﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻳﺆﺧﺮﳘﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺎﺭﺱ ﺃﻗﹾﺒ‪‬ﺢ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ ﺗﺄﺧﲑ ﺭِﺟﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﻘﺪﻣﻨ‪‬ﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻔﹸﺮﻁ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺪ‪‬ﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳ‪‬ﺴﺘﺤﺴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻛﺐ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻊ ﺭﺟﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﻯ‪.‬‬

‫‪48‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﻭﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻜﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﻂ ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺬﻳﻦ ﻭﺗﻄﻮﻳﻠﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻠﺰﻭﻡ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻭﺇﺭﺧﺎﺅﳘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺮ‪‬ﺝ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺟ‪‬ﻞﱡ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻳﺮ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻥ ﺣ‪‬ﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺨِﺬﹶﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﺎﺑﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﺛﺒﺖ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻛﺐ ﻛﺎﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻴﻌﱳ ﺑﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﺻ‪‬ﺪﻭﺭ ﻗﺪﻣﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﺎﺑﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﳝﻦ ﺃﺷﺪ‪ ‬ﻳﺴﲑﺍﹰ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺢ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻠﺮﺍﻣﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻳﺴﺮ ﺃﺷﺪ‪ ‬ﻳﺴﲑﺍﹰ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺗﺴﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌِﻨﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻴﺘﻔﻘﱠﺪ‪‬ﻩ‪ ‬ﺑﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺃﻛﻴﺪﺓ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻧ‪‬ﻔﹾﺲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﻣِﻼﻛﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺻﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻓﺮﻭﻋﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻴﺘﺤﻔﻆ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﳛﺘﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺘﻪ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺫﻕ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﺒ‪‬ﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﻭ‪‬ﺯ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞﹶ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﺑﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﳚ‪‬ﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻔﹶﺮ‪‬ﺱ‪ ‬ﻣﺲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻠﺤﺎﻡ ﻭﻃﻌﻤ‪‬ﻪ‪ ‬ﺃﺑﺪﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻪ‬
‫ﺃﺑﺪﺍﹰ ﻻ ﺳﺎﻩٍ ﻭﻻ ﻏﺎﻓﻞ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﻻ ﳐﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻌِﺜﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﺘﻪ ﻫ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺔ ﻓﹶﻴ‪‬ﻤﺴﻜﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﺠﺎﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺇﺭ‪‬ﺧﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌِﻨﺎﹶﻥ ﺑﺈﻓﺮﺍﻁٍ ﻳﻌﻮ‪‬ﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻔﹶﺮ‪‬ﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻳ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻛﺐ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﻭﳛﻜﻢ ﻧ‪‬ﻔﹶﺴ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺭﻛﻮﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻟﻠﺠﺮﻱ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳ‪‬ﻤﺴﻚ ﺍﻟﻌِﻨﺎﻥ ﻭﳚﺬﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺪﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﺃﻥﱠ ﺍﳉﺮﻱ ﻳ‪‬ﺮﺍﺩ‪ ‬ﻣﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻳﻔﺮﻁ ﰲ ﺇﺭﺳﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺨﺘﻠﻂ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭ‪‬ﻳﻘﹾﻠﻖ‪ ‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﲔ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﻣﺴﺎﻛﺎ ﻣﻌﺘﺪﻻﹰ‪ .‬ﻭﻷَﻥﹾ ﳝﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺱ‪ ‬ﺭﺃﺱ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﹶﺮ‪‬ﺳِﻪِ ﺃﻭﻓﻖ‪ ‬ﻟﻪ ﻭﺃﺣ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺞ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﺐ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻭ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﺷﺮﺡ‪ ‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﰲ‬
‫ﺑﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﺿ‪‬ﻄﺮ‪ ‬ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺮﺝ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺩ‪‬ﻭﻥ ﺣِﺰﺍﻡِ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻴﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﳚﺬﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﳎﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﺒ‪‬ﺐِ ﺟﺬﺑﺎﹰ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻀﻊ ﺭﺟﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻳﺴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﻴﻤﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺮ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌِﻨﺎﻥ ﰒ‬
‫ﻳﺮﻛﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﺿ‪‬ﻄﹸﺮ‪ ‬ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﺏ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺩﻳﻒ ﻓﻠﹸﻴ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺴِﻚ ﺍﻟﻌِﻨﺎﻥ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗ‪‬ﻘﹶﺪ‪‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻀﻊ ﺭﺟﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻳﺴﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﻃﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺑﻮﺱ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲎ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻟﻴ‪‬ﺸِﻞﹾ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﻳﺸﻖ ﺑﺮﺟﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲎ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺮﺝ ﻓﲑﻛﺐ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﻌِﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲎ ﻣﻊ ﻃﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻘﹶﺮﺑ‪‬ﻮﺱ ﻓﻼ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺣﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻠﻀﺮﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﲝﺴﺐ ﺃﺣﻮﺍﳍﺎ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮﺓ؛‬
‫ﻓﻠﻴﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻞﹸ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﺎ ﳝﻜﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳ‪‬ﻘﹾﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﻮﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﺸﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺨﻴﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻠﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻫﺎﻥ‬

‫‪49‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‪ ‬ﲣﺎﻃﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﺎﻕ ﺧﻴﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻰ‪ ‬ﻣﺎ ﲡﻌﻠﻪ ﻟﻠﺴﻮﺍﺑﻖ ﺧ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻫﺎﻧﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻀ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﻃﹶﺮ‪‬ﻑ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﲡﺮﻱ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﺱ ﻗﺼ‪‬ﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺼ‪‬ﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﺡ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﳍﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺣﺎﺯ ﻗﹶﺼ‪‬ﺐ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﻌ‪‬ﻨﻮ‪‬ﻥ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﹶﺪ‪‬ﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷَﻣﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺑﻐﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻕﹶ ﺍﻟﹶﺠﻭﺍﺩِ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺴ‪‬ﺘﹶﻭ‪‬ﻟﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷَﻤ‪‬ﺩِ‬
‫ﻭﺗ‪‬ﺴﻤ‪‬ﻰ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﳉﺮﻱ ﺍﳌِﻀ‪‬ﻤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﰒ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻓﺄﺑﻘﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻓﻌﺎﳍﺎ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ ﻟﻸﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻮ ﹲﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﻑ ﺍﳍﻤﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﹶﺟ‪‬ﺮﻯ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ "ﺍﻟﱵ ﺿ‪‬ﻤِﺮ‪‬ﺕ" ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻔﻴﺎﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺛﹶﻨِﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺩﺍﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﻣﻴﺎﻝ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﹶﺟ‪‬ﺮﻯ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﱂ ﺗﻀﻤ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﺑﲏ ﺯﺭﻳﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪" :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﻻ ﺗ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﻀ‪‬ﺮ‪ ‬ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﻟﹶﻬ‪‬ﻮِﻛﻢ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﺎﻥﹶ ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻀﺎﻝ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫ‪‬ﺮﻳﺮﺓﹶ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻻ ﺳ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻖ‪ ‬ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺧ‪‬ﻒٍ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺎﻓﺮ ﺃﻭ ﻧ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﻞ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﻷَﻧﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺃﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳ‪‬ﺮﺍﻫِﻦ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻱ ﻭﺍﷲ! ﻟﻘﺪ ﺭﺍﻫ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺮﺱ ﻟﻪ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ "ﺳ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺤﺔ" ﻓﹶﺴ‪‬ﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﻬﺞ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﺃﻋ‪‬ﺠﺐ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﻣ‪‬ﻜﹾﺤﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﹶﻥﱠ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺳ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﳋﻴﻞﹶ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﺮﺳ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻷَﺩ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﻢ‪ ‬ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺟ‪‬ﺜﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭ‪‬ﻛﺒﺘﻴﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﻟﺒ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺮ‪ ‬ﺭﺿﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﻛﺬﺏ ﺍﳊﹸﻄﹶﻴ‪‬ﺌﺔ! ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺣﺪ‪ ‬ﻧﺎﺟﻴﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻟﻨﺠﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﺠﺎﻋﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺝِ ﻓﹶﻭ‪‬ﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺼِﻡِ !‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺠِﻴِﺎﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻝِ ﻻ ﺘﹶﺴ‪‬ﺘﹶﻔِﺯ‪‬ﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ‪ ‬ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦِ ﻃﹶﻠﹾﺤﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺳ‪‬ﺒﻖ‪ ‬ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﺍﺛﻨﱵ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺃﻭﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﺒﻖ ﻓﺮﺱ ﻷﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺭﺿﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﺩﺭﳘﺎﹰ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻌﱯ‪ ‬ﺃﹶﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺳ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﱠﺎﺹٍ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﹶﺟ‪‬ﺮِ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻭﺳ‪‬ﺒﻖ‪ ‬ﺑﲔ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﺄﹶﺟ‪‬ﺮﻳﺖ‪ ‬ﺍﳋﻴﻞﹶ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻗﺒﻞ ﻓﹶﺮﺳ‪‬ﺎﻥ ﳛﺘﻜﱠﺎﻥ ﺣﱴ ﺩﺧﻼ ﺍﳊﺠﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻨﺎﺯﻋﻮﺍ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺳ‪‬ﺒﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺃﺱِ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺳ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥﹶ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺯ‪‬ﻳﺎﺩ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﹸﻏﹾﺪ‪ ‬ﺇﱃ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻜﺮﻣﺔ! ﻳ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﲎ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻫﺎﻥﹶ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻴﻞ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﻐﺪﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ‬ﻭﺧ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺝ‪ ‬ﺳ‪‬ﻠﹾﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﺧﺮﺝ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻗﻮﻡ‪ :‬ﻟﻨﺴﺘﺨﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ! ﻓﹶﻠﹶﻘﹸﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪:‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻋ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺪِ‬
‫ﺍﷲ! ﻣﻦ ﺳ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻖ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺳ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﱠﺑﻘﻮﻥ؟ ﻭﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻫﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻳﺮﺍﻫﻦ ﺻﺎﺣِﺒ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫‪50‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪ :‬ﻳﻀﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺭﻫﻨﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻀﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺭﻫﻨﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻳﻬﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻓﺮﺳ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺭﻫﻨ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺭﻫ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻘِﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﻲ‪ ‬ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻣﺴﻤﻰ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺳ‪‬ﺒﻖ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺻﺎﺣﺒ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺣﻼﻝ‪ .‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺟﻌﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺭﻫﻨﺎﹰ ﻭﺃﺩﺧﻼ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﳏﻠﹼﻼ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻓﺮﺱ ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﲔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺧﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻌﻞﹸ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ؛ ﰒ ﻳﺮﺳﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺱ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﺳ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻖ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﲔ‬
‫ﺃﺧﺬ ﺭﻫﻨﻪ ﻭﺭﻫﻦ‪ ‬ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻃﻴ‪‬ﺒﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺳ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻴﻞﹸ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻨﲔ ﲨﻴﻌﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺳ‪‬ﺒِﻖ ﻫﻮ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺷﻲﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻴﻞ ﺇﻻ ﺭﺍﲝﺎﹰ ﺟﻮﺍﺩﺍﹰ ﻳﺄﻣﻨﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺒﻘﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺬﻫﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻫﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻫﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﶈﻠﹼﻞِ ﻏﲑ‪ ‬ﺟﻮﺍﺩ ﻗﺪ ﺃﹶﻣِﻨﺎ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳ‪‬ﺴﺒﻘﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﻗِﻤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻷ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻛﺄ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺪﺧﻼ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺻﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴ‪‬ﺐ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪" :‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﹶﺩ‪‬ﺧﻞ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﹰ ﺑﲔ‬
‫ﻓﹶﺮ‪‬ﺳﲔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻻ ﻳﺄﻣ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺒﻖ ﻓﻼ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺩﺧﻞ ﻓﹶﺮ‪‬ﺳﺎﹰ ﺑﲔ ﻓﹶﺮ‪‬ﺳﲔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺄﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻖ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻗِﻤﺎﺭ‪."‬‬
‫ﻭﺭ‪‬ﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﺪﻱ‪ ‬ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻄﻰ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺒﻖ‬
‫ﻋ‪‬ﺸ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺓﹶ ﺃﹶﻓﺮﺍﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﱂ ﻳﻌﻄﻪ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﻻ ﲡﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﹶﺼ‪‬ﺐ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺯﻣﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻗﺼﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗ‪‬ﺪﺧِﻞﹸ ﺍﳊﺠﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺱ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﺮﺳﻠﻮﻥ ﺧﻴﻮﳍﻢ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺴﻤ‪‬ﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ "ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ" ﻭ "ﺍﳌﱪ‪‬ﺯ" ﻭ "ﺍ‪‬ﻠﻲ‪."‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﻤﺤﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭ‪‬ﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺟ‪‬ﺮﻳﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺠﻭﺍﺩٍ ﻓﻤ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﻭﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺭﻫﺎﻥ ﻋﻨﺎﻨﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺸِﺌْﺘﹸﻡ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺘﹶﻤ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﺤﻭﺍ ﻭ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻕٍ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ "ﺍﳌﺼﻠﹼﻲ" ﻟﻮﺿﻌﻪ ﺟ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﻔﹶﻠﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ "ﺻ‪‬ﻼﹶ" ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋِﺮ‪‬ﻕ‪ ‬ﰲ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺬ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻠﺪﺍﺑﺔ‬
‫"ﺻ‪‬ﻠﹶﻮﺍﻥِ"‪ ،‬ﻭﳘﺎ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﺎ ﻋ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﺐِ ﺍﻟﺬﻧ‪‬ﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ "ﺍﳌﺴﻠﹼﻰ" ﻭﺍﺷﺘﻘﺎﻗﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻠﹸﻮ‪ ،‬ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﺳﻠﹾﻰ ﺻﺎﺣِﺒ‪‬ﻪ‪ ‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎﹰ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ "ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ" ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﻠﻮ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﱢﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞﱡ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺗﺎﻝٍ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ "ﺍﳌﹸﺮ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺎﺡ"‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻭﺍﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﺗﻰ ﺃﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﺋﻞ‪ ،‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﺗﻨ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﻒ ﻋ‪‬ﺪﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺑﻖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻭﺍﺡ ﻭﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻐ‪‬ﺪﻭ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺬﻟﻚ ﺧﺎﻣﺲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺑﻖ‪ :‬ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﺋﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﺧﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ "ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻒ"‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻄﹾﻒ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺜﻨﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺄﹶﻥﱠ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻄﻒ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﺋﻞ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺷﺘﻖ ﻟﻪ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪51‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ "ﺍﳊﻈﻲ‪ ،"‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺣ‪‬ﻈِﻴ‪‬ﺎﹰ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻧﺰﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﻣﱰﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﹼﻰ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﺋﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﻈﻲ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻓﺎﺗﻪ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﺎﻃﻔﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺣ‪‬ﻈﻮﺓ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ "ﺍﳌﺆﻣ‪‬ﻞ" ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﱢﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺳ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻖ ﺃﺣﺪﻫﺎ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺗﻌﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﺳ‪‬ﻤﻰ ﳑﺎ ﺗﻌﻠﱠﻖ‪ ‬ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺆﻣ‪‬ﻞ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ "ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻄﻴﻢ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺟﻌﻞ ﻣﻠﻄﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻓﺎﺯ ﺍﳌﺆﻣ‪‬ﻞ ﺩﻭﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻄﻢ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﳊﺠﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮ "ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻜﹶﻴ‪‬ﺖ‪ ،"‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺳ‪‬ﻜﻴ‪‬ﺖ ﳌﺎ ﻳﻌﻠﻮ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﱡﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻜﻮﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﻭﺟﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪،‬‬
‫ﻷﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﻟﹶﻄِﻴﻤﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻋﺴﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ؟ ﻓﺎﻟﻌ‪‬ﺬﹾﺭ‪ ‬ﻳﻨﻔﻌ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﻼﺏ‪ ‬ﺑﻦ ﲪﺰﺓ‪ :‬ﻭﱂ ﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭ‪‬ﺻﻒ‪ ‬ﺧﻴﻞ ﺍﳊﻠﺒﺔ ﺑﺄﲰﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﻭﺫﻛﹶﺮ‪‬ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺒﻬﺎ ﻏﲑ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ‬
‫ﲝﺼﻦ ﻣ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﻠﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﻮ‪‬ﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻗﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻳﺎﺭ ﻣ‪‬ﻀ‪‬ﺮ؛ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﺼﻴﺪﺓ ﺣﺴﻨﺔ ﺃﻭﳍﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺒﻤﺠﻤﻌﺔ ﻀﻤ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺴﻡ‪‬‬ ‫ﺸﻬِﺩ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺭ‪‬ﻫﺎﻥ ﻏﺩﺍﺓﹶ ﺍﻟﺭﻫﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻨﺤﻥ ﺒﺼ‪‬ﻨﹾﻌِﺘِﻬﺎ ﺃَﻗﻭﻡ‪‬‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻭﺩ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻤ‪‬ﻘﹶﺎﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﳊﹶﻠﺒ‪‬ﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺴﻠﱠﻰ ﻓﻠﻡ ﻴ‪‬ﺫﹾﻤ‪‬ﻡِ ﺍﻷﺩ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﻡ‪‬‬ ‫ﻓﺠﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻷَﻏﺭ‪ ‬ﻭﺼﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﹸﻤﻴ‪‬ﺕﹸ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻴﻥ‪ ‬ﻤِﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﹸﺠ‪‬ﺩِ ﺍﻟﻤ‪‬ﺘﹾﻬﻡِ؟‬ ‫ﻭﺃَﺭ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﻓﹶﻬ‪‬ﺎﹶ ﺭﺍﺒﻊ‪ ‬ﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎﹰ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﺠ‪‬ﺎﺀ‪ ‬ﻴﻘﺩﻡ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﺫﻡ‪ ‬ﻤﺭ‪‬ﺘﹶﺎﺤ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺨﺎﻤﺴﺎﹰ‬
‫ﻴﻜﺎﺩ ﻟﺤﻴﺭﺘﻪ ﻴﺤﺭﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺩﺴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻁﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻓﺄﺴﻬﻤﻪ ﺤﻅﱡﻪ ﺍﻟﻤ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﻬِﻡ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﻅﻰ‪ ‬ﻟﻬﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻌﺎﹰ‬
‫ﻭﻏﻨﱠﻰِ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺌﺭ ﺍﻷَﺸﺄﻡ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻤ‪‬ﻝ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻴﺨﻴﺏ‬
‫ﻓﻤﻥ ﻜﻝﱢ ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﻴ‪‬ﻠﻁﹶﻡ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻁﻴﻡ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺘﺎﺴﻌﺎﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺫﻓﺭﺍﻩ ﻤﻥ ﻗﹸﺒﺔ ﺃَﻋ‪‬ﻅﹶﻡ‪‬‬ ‫ﻴ‪‬ﺨﹸﺏ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻜﹶﻴﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺜﹾﺭِﻩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺼﻴﺪﺓ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﻣﺘﻤﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﰲ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺫﻛﹶﺮ‪‬ﻫﺎﹶ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻌﻮﺩﻱ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ "ﻣﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ"‪ .‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺗﻴﻨﺎ ﳓﻦ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻷﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻀﻤﻨﺖ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺧﻴﻞ ﺍﳊﹶﻠﹾﺒ‪‬ﺔِ ﻓﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﹶﻠﹾﺒﺔ ﻣ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﳋﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﳎﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻟﻠﺮ‪‬ﻫﺎﻥ؛ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺣ‪‬ﻠﹶﺐ ﺑﻨﻮ ﻓﻼﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﲏ ﻓﻼﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﹶﺃﺣ‪‬ﻠﹶﺒ‪‬ﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﹶﺟ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻌﻮﺍ‪.‬‬

‫‪52‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﻓﺼﻝ‬

‫ﻭﺻﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻀﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﻭﳚﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﳊﻠﹾﺒ‪‬ﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﺗﻀﻤﲑ ﻭﻻ ﲢﻤ‪‬ﻞٍ ﻭﻻ ﺗﺸﻤﲑ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺭ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﺐ‪ ‬ﺍﳌﺘﻨﻔﱠﺲ‪ :‬ﺟﻮِﻓﻪ ﻭﻣِﻨ‪‬ﺨ‪‬ﺮﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﺭ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﺐ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﺭﻫﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻋﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﳌﱳ‪ ،‬ﻋﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻘﹶﻄﹶﺎﺓِ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﲡﺎﻓﺖ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻠﻴﺘﻴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻫ‪‬ﺮﻳﺖ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺪﻗﲔ‪ ،‬ﻏﺰﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻳﻖ‪ ،‬ﺭ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﺐ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﻻﺣﻖ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻔﺎﻕِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻫﺸﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻳ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﻤﻰ ﻋﺮﻗﹸﻪ ﺭ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻮ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﺪﻧﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﻓﺎﻷﺣﺴﻦ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺍﻷﺣﻮﻁﹸ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻀﻤﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﹶﺛﺮِ ﺩ‪‬ﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺤﻖ ﺑ‪‬ﻄﹾﻨ‪‬ﻪ‪ ‬ﺃﻱ ﺧﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﻛﻊ ﻟﻠﺮﻛﺾ ﺃﻱ ﺍﺷﺘﺪ‪ ‬ﻟﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺑﻄﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻋﺔ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﳑﺘﻠﺌﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻِﻔﺎﻗﹸﻪ‪ ‬ﳑﺘﺪﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﲟﺎ ﺻ‪‬ﻜﱠﻪ‪ ‬ﺑﺜﻔﹶﻨِﺎﺗﻪ ﻓﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻋ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘﻪ ﻭﻗﺼ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮ‪‬ﺩﻉ ﻻ ﻳﻀﱪ ﺃﺑﺪﺍﹰ ﻛﻀﱪ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻧﺮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺶ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼﺏ ﻭﻫﻲ ﳑﺎ ﻻ ﺗﻀﻤ‪‬ﺮ ﻭﻻ ﺗﺼﻨ‪‬ﻊ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﻠﱢﻔﺖ ﺍﳉﺮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻋﺔ ﺭ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﺖ ﻭ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺕ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻧﻘﹶﻄﹶﻌ‪‬ﺖ‪ ‬ﻋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺗﻔﻌﻠﻪ ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﺩ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺔٍ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﻞﱡ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺩﻉ ﺍﺳ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﺧﲑ ﰲ ﺍﻗﺘﺤﺎﻡ ﺍﳌِﻀ‪‬ﻤﺎﺭ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻹﺿﻤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳋﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﻓﻮﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﻤﲑ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﳚﺐ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ :‬ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺂﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻭﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻮﺍﻻﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﺏ ﲟﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺎ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞﹸ ﻋ‪‬ﻠﹶﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺑﺔ ﻣﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺩﺧﺎﳍﺎ ﺑﻴﺘﺎﹰ ﻛﻨ‪‬ﻴﻨﺎﹰ ﻭﲡﹶﻠﹾﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻟﺘﻌﺮ‪‬ﻕ ﻭﳚﻒ‪ ‬ﻋ‪‬ﺮﻗﹸﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻓﻴﺼﻠﺐ ﳊﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﳜﻒ ﻭﺗﻘﻮﻯ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﻹﺿﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﻬﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻭﻳ‪‬ﺬﺍﻝﹶ ﻭﻳﺒﺨﺲ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺣ‪‬ﻘﱢﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻴﺸﺪ ﳊﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﺼﺮ ﺟﺴﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺬﻫﺐ ﻓﻀ‪‬ﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻃﹸﺒﻌﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﹸﺻﻮﻟﹸﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ‪ ‬ﹶﺫﻛﹶﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﺑ‪‬ﻨﲔ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺄﻣﺮ ﺑﺈﺿﻤﺎﺭ ﺧﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﳊﺸﻴﺶ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺑﺲ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺷﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﹶﻴ‪‬ﺎﹰ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻃﹶﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﹶﺭ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻭﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﻘﹸﻮﻫﺎ ﻏﹸﺪ‪‬ﻭﺓﹰ ﻭﻋ‪‬ﺸِﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻟﺰِﻣ‪‬ﻮﻫﺎ ﺍﳉِﻼﹾﻝﹶ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ‪‬ﺎ ﺗ‪‬ﻠﻘﻰ ﺍﳌﺎﺀَ‬
‫ﻋ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻗﺎﹰ ﲢﺖ ﺍﳉِﻼﻝ ﻓﺘﺼﻔﻮ ﺃﻟﻮﺍ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺘﺴﻊ ﺟﻠﻮﺩﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻣ‪‬ﺮ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﺩﻫﺎ ﻛﻞﱠ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻣﺮ‪‬ﺗﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻮﻃﺎﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﺗﺮﻛﺾ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻨﻄﻮﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﲣﺘﻠﻒ ﺃﺣﻮﺍﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ ﺃﺷﻜﺎﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﳜﺘﺺ ﲟﻀﻤﺎﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﻤﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻴﺆﺧﺬ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺸ‪‬ﺎﹶﻃِﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻘﺪﺭ ﻛﺴﻠﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺸﺎﻃﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﻮﻥ ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻋﺸﺭ‬

‫ﺃﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺨﻴﻝ ﺭﺴﻭﻝ ﺍﷲ‬

‫‪53‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﺼﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺴﻠﻡ ﻭﺃﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻓﺤﻭﻝ ﺨﻴﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻭﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ‬

‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﲨﻠﺔﹸ ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺱ‪ .‬ﻓﻤﻨﻬﺎ "ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻜﹾﺐ"‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ‪ ‬ﺃﹸﺣ‪‬ﺪٍ‪،‬‬
‫ﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻗﹸﺘ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺒﺔﹶ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ "ﺍﳌﺮﲡﹶﺰ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﲰ‪‬ﻰ ﺍﳌﺮﲡﺰ ﲝ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﻦ ﺻﻬﻴﻠﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻓﺮﺱ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ "ﻟِﺰﺍﺯ"‪ .‬ﻭﻓﺮﺱ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ "ﺍﻟﻈﱠﺮﺏ"‪ .‬ﻭﻓﺮﺱ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ "ﺍﻟﻠﱠﺤﻴﻒ"‪ .‬ﻭﻓﺮﺱ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ "ﺍﻟﻮ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺩ"‪ .‬ﻭﺯﺍﺩ ﻏﲑ‪ ‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻗﹸﺘ‪‬ﻴﺒﺔ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﹰ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‬
‫"ﻣ‪‬ﻼﻭِﺡ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺮﺳﺎﹰ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ "ﺍﻟﻴ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﻮﺏ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺭﺩ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻩ ﻟﻪ ﲤﻴﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺪِﺍﺭﻱ‪ .‬ﻓﻬﺬﻩ ﺧﻴﻞ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻗﹸﺘﻴﺒﺔ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺧﻴﻞﹸ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺃﻗﺪﻣﻬﺎ "ﺯ‪‬ﺍﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻛﺐ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﻫﺒﻪ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥﹸ ﺑﻦ‪ ‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍ َﻷﺯ‪‬ﺩ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺃﺻﻬﺎﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻓﹶﺮ‪‬ﺱ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻴﻠﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺗ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﻠﺐ‪ ‬ﺃﹶﺗ‪‬ﻮﻫﻢ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻄﺮﻗﻮﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺠﻮﺍ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﹰ ﺃﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺯ‪‬ﺍﺩِ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻛﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﹶﺴ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻩ‪" ‬ﺍﳍﹸﺠ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺲ"‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ ‬ﺑﻦ ﻭﺍﺋﻞ‬
‫ﺃﹶﺗﻮﺍ ﺑﲏ ﺗﻐﻠﺐ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻄﺮﻗﻮﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﺘﺠﻮﺍ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﹰ ﺃﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﹸﺠﻴﺲ ﻓﺴﻤ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻩ "ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﺭﻱ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎﺋﺐ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺃﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ‬
‫ﺧﻴﻞﹸ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺫﻛﺮﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﺮﺱ‪ ‬ﲪﺰ‪‬ﺓ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪِ ﺍﳌﱠﻄﻠﺐ "ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺩ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻨﺎﺕ "ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻘﺎﱠﻝ"‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ "ﺑﻨﺎﺕ ﺃﹶﻋ‪‬ﻮﺝ‪ ."‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﲪﺰﺓ‬
‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻗﹶﺎﺭﺡ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻨﺎﺕ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻘﱠﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺱ ﻋﻨﺩﻱ ﺇﻻ ﺴﻼﺡ‪ ‬ﻭﻭ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺩ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﺩﻭﻨﻲ ﻴ‪‬ﻐﹾﺸﹶﻰ ﺼ‪‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺘﱠﻘﻰ ﺩ‪‬ﻭﻨﹶﻪ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻴﺎ ﺒﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺣﺪﺙﱠ ﺍﻟﻜﹶﻠﹾﱯ‪ ‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺻﺎﱀ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺃﻥ "ﺃﹶﻋ‪‬ﻮﺝ" ﻛﺎﻥ ﺳﻴ‪‬ﺪ ﺧﻴﻞ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭﺓ‪" ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﻪ" ﻛﺎﻥ ﳌﻠﻚ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﻠﻮﻙِ ﻛﻨ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺓﹶ‪ ،‬ﻓﻐﺰﺍ ﺑﲏ ﺳ‪‬ﻠﻴﻢ ﻳ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻡ‪ ‬ﻋِﻼﹶﻑ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺰ ﻣﻮﻩ ﻭﺃﺧﺬﻭﺍ "ﺃﻋﻮﺝ"‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺻﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺑﲏ ﻫِﻼﻝٍ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ ﻋﺎﻣﺮٍ‬
‫ﻓﺄﺟﺎﺩ ﰲ ﻧﺴﻠﻪ‪ .‬ﰒ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺮﺕ ﺍﳋﻴﻞﹸ ﺍﳉﻴﺎﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻰ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻓﹸﺤ‪‬ﻮﳍﺎ ﻭﺇﻧﺎﺛﻬﺎ‪" -:‬ﺍﻟﻐ‪‬ﺮﺍﺏ"‬
‫ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﻪ" ﻭ "ﻻﺣﻖ" ﻭ "ﺍﳌﹸﺬﻫﺐ" ﻭ "ﻣﻜﺘﻮﻡ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﹸﻦ‪ ‬ﻟﻐﲏ‪ ‬ﺑﻦِ ﺃﹶﻋﺼ‪‬ﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ "ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻘﺎﻝ" ﻟﺒﲏ ﺭﻳﺎﺡ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺮﺑﻮﻉ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ "ﺩ‪‬ﺍﺣﺲ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﱠﺎﻝ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ "ﺍﳊﹶﻨ‪‬ﻔﹶﺎﺀ"‬
‫ﺃﺧﺖ "ﺩ‪‬ﺍﺣِﺲ" ﳊﹸﺬﻳﻔﺔﹶ ﺑﻦ ﺑ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﹶﺰ‪‬ﺍﺭ‪‬ﻱ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ "ﺍﻟﻐﱪﺍﺀ" ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﳊﹰﻤ‪‬ﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺑﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﹶﺰﺍﺭﻱ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ "ﻗﺴ‪‬ﺎﻡ‪"‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﺒﲏ ﺟ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺪﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ "ﻓﻴ‪‬ﺎﺽ" ﻭ "ﺳ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻞ" ﻟﺒﲏ ﺟﻌﺪﺓ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ "ﺍﳊِﻤ‪‬ﺎﻟﺔ" ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻘﹸﺮ‪‬ﻳﻆ" ﻟﺒﲏ ﺳ‪‬ﻠﹶﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ‬

‫‪54‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

‫"ﺩ‪‬ﺍﺣِﺲ‪ "‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻟﻘﻴﺲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺯ‪‬ﻫﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺟ‪‬ﺬِﳝﺔ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺴﻲ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺣ‪‬ﺬﹶﻳﻔﺔﹸ ﺑﻦ ﺑ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺰﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﻗﻌﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺣﺮﺏ‬
‫ﻏﹶﻄﹶﻔﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﺍﻣﺖ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻭﺍ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻋﺎﻣﺎﹰ‪ .‬ﻓﺘﺸﺎﺀﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻭﺑِﺒ‪‬ﻨﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺑﺸﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺃﹶﺑ‪‬ﻲٍّ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌﺒ‪‬ﺴﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃَﺒ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻥ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻴ‪‬ﻔﻠﺤﻥ ﻴﻭﻡ‪ ‬ﺭﻫﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺭ‪‬ﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻨﱡﻜﹾﺩ‪ ‬ﻤﻥ ﺁﻝ ﺩﺍﺤﺱ‬
‫ﻭﻁﺭ‪‬ﺤﻥ ﻗﻴﺴﺎﹰ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﻋ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺎﻥِ‬ ‫ﺠ‪‬ﻠﹶﺒ‪‬ﻥ‪ ‬ﺒﺈﺫﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻤﻘﺘﻝَ ﻤﺎﻟﻙ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻛﻨﺎﻧﺔﹶ "ﺍﻟﻠﻄﻴﻢ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔﹶ ﺑﻦ ﻣ‪‬ﻜﹶﺪ‪‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﻣ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﺎﺩ" ﻓﺮﺱ‪ ‬ﻻﺑﻦ ﻏﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳋﺰﺍﻋﻲ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻷَﺟ‪‬ﺪﻝﹸ"‬
‫ﻓﺮﺱ ﺃﰊ ﺩﺭٍّ ﺍﻟﻐ‪‬ﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ "ﺍﻟﻴ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﻮﺏ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﺑﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻮ‪‬ﺍﻡ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻤ‪‬ﺔ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﻋ‪‬ﻜﺎﱠﺷﺔﹶ ﺑﻦِ ﳏ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﻦ ﻭ "ﺭِﺭ‪‬ﺓ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫"ﺑﻦ" ﻣﻨﻘﺬ ﺍﻷﺳ‪‬ﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﺣ‪‬ﺰ‪‬ﻣﺔ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﺣﻨﻈﻠﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻓﺎﺗﻚ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺳ‪‬ﺪﻱ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﻇﹶﺒ‪‬ﻴﺔ" ﻓﺮﺍﺱ ﺍﳍﺮﺍﺱ ﺍﻷَﺳ‪‬ﺪﻱ‪ .‬ﻭ‬
‫"ﺍﳊِﻤﺎﻟﺔﹸ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﻃﹸﻠﹶﻴ‪‬ﺤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺧ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻳﻠﺪ ﺍﻷَﺳ‪‬ﺪﻱ ﻭﳍﺎ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﻤﻌﻭ‪‬ﺩﺓﹲ ﻗِﻴﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﹸﻤﺎﺓ ﻨﹶﺯ‪‬ﺍﻝِ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﺒﺕﹸ ﻟﻬﻡ ﺼ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﺭ‪" ‬ﺍﻟﺤِﻤﺎﻟﺔ" ﺇﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻴﻭﻤﺎﹰ ﺘﺭﺍﻫﺎ ﻏﻴﺭ‪ ‬ﺫﺍﺕِ ﺠِﻼﹶﻝِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻭﻤﺎﹰ ﺘﺭﺍﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻼﻝ ﻤﺼ‪‬ﻭﻨﺔﹰ‬
‫ﻭ "ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﺳ‪‬ﻠﹶﻤ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻫﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺿﺮﻱِ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﳌﻨ‪‬ﻴﺤﺔﹸ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﺩِﺛﹶﺎﺭ ﺑﻦ ﻓﹶﻘﹾﻌﺲٍ ﺍﻷﺳﺪﻱ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﻧﺎﺻﺢ" ﻓﺮﺱ‬
‫ﻓﹶﺼﺎﻟﺔﹶ ﺑﻦ ﻫﻨﺪ ﺑِﻦ‪ ‬ﺷ‪‬ﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﻷﺳ‪‬ﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﻏﺩﺍﺓﹸ ﺤِﻔﺎﻅٍ ﺠﻤ‪‬ﻌﺘﹾﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﻼﺌﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺎﺼﺢ‪ ‬ﺸﻤ‪‬ﺭ ﻟﻠﺭﻫﺎﻥ ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺭﺩﺍﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻁﻌﺎﻤﻴﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻁﻥ‪ ‬ﺴﺎﻏﺏ‪‬؟‬ ‫ﺃﺘﺫﻜﺭ ﺇﻟﺒ‪‬ﺎﺴِﻴﻙ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ ﻜﻝ ﺸﹶﺘﹾﻭ‪‬ﺓٍ‬
‫ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻄِﻴﻢ‪ "‬ﻓﺮﺱ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻟﻔﹶﻀﺎﻟﹶﺔ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺑﲏ ﲤﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮٍّ "ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﺎﺀ" ﻓﹶﺮﺱ‪ ُ‬ﺣﺎﺟﺐ ﺑﻦ ﺯ‪‬ﺭﺍﺭﺓﹶ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻤﻴﻤﻲ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻗﻴﺐ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﺮِﻗﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﺝ "ﺃﻋﻮﺝ‪ "‬ﻟﺒﲏ ﺃﺳﺪ "ﺍﻟﻌﺴﺠﺪﻱ‪ ."‬ﻭ "ﺃﺛﺎﹶﻝ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﺿ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺮﺓﹶ ﺑﻦ ﺿ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺮﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺩ‪‬ﺍﺭِﻡ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﳋﺬﻭﺍﺀ"‬
‫ﻓﺮﺱ ﺷﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺮﺑﻮﻉ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻂ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﻟﺒﻴﺪ ﺑﻦِ ﺟ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻠﹶﺔﹶ ﺍﻟﻀﱯ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﺩﺓ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﻛﻠﺤﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﲑﺑﻮﻋﻲ‪" .‬ﻭﺍﻷﺣ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻯ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﻋ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻤﻰ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﱯ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻷَﻏﺮ‪ "‬ﻓﺮﺱ ﻃﹶﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﻦ ﲤﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﻛﺎﻣﻞﹲ"‬
‫ﻓﺮﺱ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻀﱯ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﻮ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﻮﻡ" ﻓﹶﺮﺱ‪ ‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺍﺀ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﻭﺣﻔﺔ" ﻓﹶﺮ‪‬ﺱ ﻋ‪‬ﻼﺛﺔﹶ ﺑ‪‬ﻦِ ﺍﳉﹸﻼﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﻣﺒﺪﻭﻉ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ﺑﻦ ﺿِﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻀﱯ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻐﺮ‪‬ﺍﻑ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﺍﻟﺒ‪‬ﺮﺍﺀ ﺑﻦ ﻗﹶﻴ‪‬ﺲٍ ﺑﻦ ﻋ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺎﺏ‪ .‬ﻭ‬

‫‪55‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫"ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻘﺮﺍﺀ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻗﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ ﺍﻟﻀﱯ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﳌﻜﹶﺴ‪‬ﺮ‪ "‬ﻓﺮﺱ‪ ‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘﻴﺒﺔﹶ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻬﺎﺏ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺷ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻟﺔ" ﻓﺮﺱ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﱯ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻨﺤ‪‬ﺎﻡ" ﻓﺮﺱ‪ ‬ﺳ‪‬ﻠﻴ‪‬ﻚٍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻗﺫﻑ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺭﺝ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﱢﺠﺎﻡ‪‬‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺤ‪‬ﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻋﺠﻝْ ﻴﺎ ﻏﻼﻡ‪‬‬
‫ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻮ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺩ" ﻭ "ﺍﳉﹸﻤ‪‬ﺎﻧﺔ" ﻓﺮﺳﺎﹰ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﺑﺖ ﺍﻟﻄﱡﻔﻴﻞ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺣ‪‬ﺬﹾﻓﺔ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻼﺏ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺟِﺮﻭﺓ"‬
‫ﻓﺮﺱ ﺷﺪ‪‬ﺍﺩ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺒﺴﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ "ﺍﻷﲜﺮ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﻋﻨﺘﺮﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺷﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺴﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇﻨﻲ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺕﹸ ﺩ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﹶﻡ‪ ‬ﺃَﻀ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﺭِ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺘﻌﺠﻠﻲ‪ :‬ﺃَﺸﹾﺩ‪‬ﺩ‪ ‬ﺤﺯﺍﻡ ﺍﻷَﺒﺠﺭِ‬
‫ﻭﱂ ﺃﹸﻣ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺄﺧﺮ ﻭ "ﻭ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﺰ‪‬ﺓﹸ" ﻓﹶﺮﺱ‪ ‬ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ‪ ‬ﺃﰊ ﺳِﻨﺎﻥٍ ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻱ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﻏﹶﻄﹶﻔﹶﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ "ﳏِﺎﹶﺝ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺣ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﲔٍ‪:‬‬
‫ﻤﺜﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺜﻠﻙ ﻴﺤﻤﻰ ﻭﻴ‪‬ﻜﹸﺭ‪ْ‬‬ ‫ﺃَﻗﹾﺩِﻡ‪ ‬ﻤِﺤ‪‬ﺎﺡ‪ ‬ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻭﻡ‪ ‬ﻨﹸﻜﹸﺭ‪‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺿﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻒ‪ ‬ﻳﻮﻣﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺑﺮ ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺪ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺑﻦ ﻣِﺮﺩ‪‬ﺍﺱ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻠﻤﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻋﺎﺗﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺣﲔ ﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﻋ‪‬ﻴﻴﻨﺔﹶ ﺑﻦ‪ ‬ﺣِﺼ‪‬ﻦٍ ﺍﻟﻔﹶﺰ‪‬ﺍﺭﻱ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻷﻗﹾﺮﻉ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﺑﺲ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺑﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﻄﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺃﹶﺑ‪‬ﺎﻋﺮ‪ ‬ﻗﻼﺋﻞ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪:‬‬
‫ﺩ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻋ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨﹶﺔﹶ ﻭﺍﻷَﻗﹾﺭﻉ؟‬ ‫ﺃﺘﺠﻌﻝُ ﻨﹶﻬ‪‬ﺒﻲ ﻭﻨﹶﻬ‪‬ﺏ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺒﻲ‪‬‬
‫ﻴ‪‬ﻔﹸﻭﻗﹶﺎﻥ ﻤِﺭ‪‬ﺩﺍﺱ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺤِﺼ‪‬ﻥ‪ ‬ﻭﻻ ﺤﺎﺒﺱ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺘﹶﻀ‪‬ﻊِ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ‪ ‬ﻻ ﻴ‪‬ﺭﻓﻊِ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻤﺭﺉ ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ‪ :‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ :‬ﺃﺫﻫﺒﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﻗﻄﻌﻮﺍ ﻋ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻲ ﻟﺴِﺎﹶﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻋﻄﹶﻮ‪‬ﻩ‪ ‬ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﺭ‪‬ﺿِﻰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﻄﹾﻊ‪ ‬ﻟﺴﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻣ‪‬ﺮ‪ ‬ﺑﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎﺀ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﺑ‪‬ﺠﲑ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻗﺸﲑ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﳌﺼ‪‬ﺒﺢ‪ "‬ﻓﹶﺮﺱ‪ ُ‬ﻋ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻑ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻫﻦ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻠﹶﻤﻲ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻮﺩ‪"‬‬
‫ﻓﹶﺮﺱ‪ ‬ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭﺓﹲ ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺑﺔ ﰲ ﺟﻴﺎﺩ ﺧﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﺨ‪‬ﻢ‪ "‬ﻓﺮﺱ‪ ‬ﻟﺮ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﻀ‪‬ﺔﹶ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺆﻣ‪‬ﻞ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻠﹶﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻥ ﻴﻘﺘﻝ ﺍﻷﺒﻁﺎﻝ ﻀﺨﻡ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀ‪‬ﺨﻡ؟‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻴﺱ ﺃﺤﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻴ‪‬ﺸﹾﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﻏﹶﻰ‬
‫ﻭ "ﻗﹸﺮ‪‬ﺯ‪‬ﻝ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﺍﻟﻄﱡﻔﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺮﻱ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻘﹸﻮ‪‬ﻳﺲ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﺳ‪‬ﻠﹶﻤﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺴﻲ ﻭ "ﺳ‪‬ﻠﱠﻢ" ﻓﺮﺱ‬
‫ﺯ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻴ‪‬ﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺰ‪‬ﺍﺭﻱ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﻣﻴ‪‬ﺎﺱ‪ "‬ﻓﺮﺱ ﴰﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻫﻠﻲ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺎﻣﺔ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﺭﺙِ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﻋ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺎﺩٍ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺯﻳِﻢ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﺍﻷﺧﻨﺲ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻠﱯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‪ .‬ﻭﳍﺎ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﻻ ﻋ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺵﹶ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﻁﱠﻌ‪‬ﻥ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ ﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺒ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﻡ‪‬‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺃﻭ‪‬ﺍﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﺩ‪ ‬ﻓﺎﺸﺘﺩ‪‬ﻱ ﺯِﻴ‪‬ﻡ‪‬‬

‫‪56‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

‫ﻭ "ﺧ‪‬ﻤﲑﺓ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﺷﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻣ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﰿ ﺍﻟﹸﺠﺸ‪‬ﻤﻲ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺎﻙ‪ "‬ﻓﺮﺱ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺑﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻠﱯ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻮﺱ" ﻓﺮﺱ‬
‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺧ‪‬ﺬﱠﺍﻕ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﱰ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﺃﰊ ﻋﻔﺮﺍﺀ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﶈﺎﺭﰊ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﹾﺠ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻥ" ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﻓﺮﺱ ﺍﻣﺮﺉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺲ ﺑﻦ ﺣ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﺪﻱ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻌﻄﺎﱠﻑ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺪِ ﻳِﻜﹶﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺰﺑ‪‬ﻴﺪﻱ‪" .‬ﻭﺍﳍﻄﱠﺎﻝ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﺯ‪‬ﻳﺪ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﻣ‪‬ﻬﻠﻬﻞِ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﲎ "ﺃﺑﺎ ﻣﻜﻨﻒ" ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃَﺭﻯ ﺤﺭﺒﺎﹰ ﺘﻠﱠﻘﺢ ﻋﻥ ﺤﻴﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺭ‪‬ﺏ‪ ‬ﻤ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺒﻁﹶ ﺍﻟﻬﻁﱠﺎﻝ ﺇﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺃُﻭﺜﺭﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠ‪‬ﻝﱢ ﺍﻟﻌِﻴﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻭﻴﻪ ﺒﻤﻜﻨﻑﹶ ﺇﺫ ﺸﹶﺘﹶﻭ‪‬ﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺳ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻰ "ﺯ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﳋﻴﻞ" ﻟﻜﺜﺮﺓ ﺧﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﻤﻦ ﻋﺘﺎﻗﻬﺎ‪" :‬ﺍﳍﻄﺎﱠﻝ" ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ" ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻜﹸﻤﻴﺖ‪ ،"‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻮ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺩ"‪ ،‬ﻭ‬
‫"ﻻﹶﺣﻖ"‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﺫﹶﺀﻭﻝ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ‪ :‬ﻗﹶﺪِﻡ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻃﻴ‪‬ﺊ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ "ﺯﻳ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺳﻴﺪﻫﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻬ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﻛﻠﱠﻤﻮﻩ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺳﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﻭﺣ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﰒ‬
‫ﲰﺎﻩ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﺯ‪‬ﻳﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﳋﲑ"‪.‬‬

‫ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻄﺎﺱ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﹶﺪﻥِ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺎ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﺟ‪‬ﺬِﳝﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺍﻷﺯ‪‬ﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﳊﲑﺓ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﲏ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ ﺑﺪﻫﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺟﺬﹶِﳝﺔﹸ ﺍﻷﺑ‪‬ﺮﺵ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺘﻠﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﳒﺎ ﻗﹶﺼِﲑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺮﺳﻪ "ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺎ" ﻓﺄﺧﺬ‬
‫ﺑﺜﺄﺭﻩ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﺑ‪‬ﺎﺀَ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﺒﻴﺐ‪ "‬ﻓﹶﺮﺱ‪ ‬ﺣﺴ‪‬ﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺣ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻈﻠﺔﹶ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﺪﻱ؛ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺷﻬﺪ ﻣﻊ ﻛِﺴ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻯ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻬﺮﻭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻰ ﻛِﺴ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻯ‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺰﻡ ﻛﺴﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﻫﺎﺭﺑﺎﹰ ﻭﺃﺩﺭﻛﻪ ﺣ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﻈﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﻜﺴﺮﻯ ﺑﺮﺫﹶﻭﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﱰﻝ ﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺳﻪ ﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﺒﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻛﺒﻪ ﻛﺴﺮﻯ ﻭﳒﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪:‬‬
‫ﻷﺘﺭﻜﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻝ ﻴ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺜﹸﺭ ﺭﺍﺠﻼ‬ ‫ﺘﻼﻓﹶﻴ‪‬ﺕﹸ ﻜﺴﺭﻯ ﺃﻥ ﻴ‪‬ﻀﺎﻡ ﻭﻟﻡ ﺃﻜﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺴﻭ‪‬ﻤﺔﹲ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻴﻝ ﺘﹸﺭﻙٍ ﻭﻜﺎﹸﺒﻼ‬ ‫ﺒ‪‬ﺫﹶﻟﺕ ﻟﻪ ﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﺒﻴ‪‬ﺏ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺒﺩﺕ‬
‫ﰒ ﻇﻬﺮ ﻛﺴﺮﻯ ﻓﻘﺘﻞ ‪‬ﺮﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻣﺎ ﺍﺳ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻘﹶﺮ‪ ‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻠﻜﻪ ﺃﺗﺎﻩ ﺣ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﻈﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﺒﺎﺑﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺼﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻃﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺃﺗﻰ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺐ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻚ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻃﻠﺖ ﺣﺠﺎﰊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻳﺪﺍﹰ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻛِﺴ‪‬ﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻋﻠﻤﻪ‪ ‬ﻣﻜﺎﱐ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺄﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫِﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﺖ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻙ ﻫﺬﻩ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﲪﻠﺘﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﹶﺮﺳﻲ ﻳ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺮﻭﺍﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﻦ ﺑِﺮ‪‬ﺫﹶﻭﻧﻚ! ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﺴﺮﻯ‪ :‬ﺃﹸﻑٍ ﻟﻚ! ﻟﻘﺪ ﺫﻛﱠﺮﺗﲏ ﺃﹶﺧ‪‬ﺒﺚﹶ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻣﺮ‪ ‬ﰊ ﻗﹶﻂﱡ! ﺃﹶﺧ‪‬ﺮِﺟﻮﺍ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﺐ!‬
‫ﻓﺄﺧ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻮﻩ‪ ..‬ﺣﱴ ﺇﺫﺍ ﲡﻠﺖ ﻋﻦ ﻛﺴﺮﻯ ﺍﳍﻤﻮﻡ ﻧﺪﻡ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺤﻰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻛﺮﻣﻪ ﻭﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺟﺎﺋﺰﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻗﻄﻌﻪ "ﻃﹶﺴ‪‬ﻮﺝ"‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺮﺍﺳﺦ‪.‬‬

‫‪57‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺒ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺖ‪ "‬ﻓﺮﺱ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻗﺒﻴﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﱠﺋﻲ‪" .‬ﺣ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻣﻞ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﺣﺎﺭﺛﺔﹶ ﺑﻦ ﺃﹶﻧﺲ‪ .‬ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻴ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﻤﻮﻡ" ﻓﺮﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ "ﺍﻟﻴﺤﻤﻮﻡ" ﻣﻦ ﺭﺑﺎﻁ ﻏﻄﻔﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻘﹸﺮﻳ‪‬ﻂ" ﻭ "ﳓﹶﻠﹾﺔ" ﻭ "ﺷﺎﻫﺮ"‬
‫ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺱ ﻟﻜﻨﺪﺓ"‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺧﺼﺎﻑ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻃﲔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﱠﻘﲔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺟ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺎﻧﺎﹶ ﻓﺄﺫﺍﻕ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺷﻬﺪ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣ‪‬ﺪﻯ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻞ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺟﺎﺀﻩ ﺳﻬﻢ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﻗﻊ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻳﺪ ﻓﺮﺳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﺩ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻴﺒﲏ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻫﺘﺰ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻬﻢ ﻭﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻫﺘﺰﺍﺯﻩ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﱰﻝ ﻓﺤﻔﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﻢ‪ ‬ﻗﺪ ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﻳ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑﻮﻋﺎ ﰲ ﻧ‪‬ﻔﹶﻘﻪ‪ .‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﳜﻄﺊ ﲨﺠﻤﺘﻪ ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻪ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﻛﺐ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ ‬ﺑ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﻋ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺮِﻭ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ "ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺀ ﰲ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﲑﺑﻮﻉ"‪ .‬ﻓﹶﺬﹶﻫ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺖ‪ ‬ﻣ‪‬ﺜﻼﹰ‪ .‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺍﱐ ﺃﻓﺮ‪ ‬ﺑﺄﺟﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﲑﺑﻮﻉ ﺣﲔ‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﰱ ﺃﺟﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳ‪‬ﻐﻦ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﲢﺮ‪‬ﺯ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﻣﻮﺕ ﻭﻻ ﺃﻗﺘﻞ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺄﺟﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﹶﺤ‪‬ﻤﻞ ﻓﹶﺨ‪‬ﺮﻕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻒ‪ ‬ﻣ‪‬ﻘﺒﻼﹰ ﻭﻣﺪ‪‬ﺑﺮﺍﹰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺷﺪ ﻗﻮﻣﻪ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺷﺎﻋﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻏﺴﺎﱠﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﺼﺎﺏ ﻭﻻ ﻴ‪‬ﺸﹾﻭِﻱ ﻭﻴﻤ‪‬ﻡ ﻗﺎﺼﺩﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺠ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺩﻫﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴﻬﺎﻡ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻤﺭﺉ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻱ ﺍﻤﺭﺉ ﻴ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻘﹶﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﻫﺭ ﺨﺎﻟﺩﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﺭ‪‬ﺏ ﺨِﺼ‪‬ﺎﻑٍ ﻗﺩ ﺃﻓﺎﺘﺕ ﺴﻬﺎﻤﻪ‬
‫ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﺒﻴﺢ" ﻓﹶﺮ‪‬ﺱ‪ ‬ﺧﻮ‪‬ﺍﺕ ﺑﻦ ﺟ‪‬ﺒﲑ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻮﺭ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﺎﺀُ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﻓﹶﺘ‪‬ﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻜِﻨﺪﻱ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﻛﻨ‪‬ﺰﺓ" ﻓﹶﺮ‪‬ﺱ‪ ‬ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﴰﺎﺱ ﺍﳉﺬﺍﻣﻲ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻴﺴﲑ‪ "‬ﻓﹶﺮ‪‬ﺱ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻀﲑ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺪﻱ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﳍﺪ‪‬ﺍﺝ‪ "‬ﻓﹶﺮ‪‬ﺱ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻳﺐ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺮﻳِﻖ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻌﺪﻱ‪ .‬ﻭ‬
‫"ﺍﻟﹶﺠﻮ‪‬ﻥ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷ‪‬ﻤِﺮٍ ﺍﻟﻐﺴ‪‬ﺎﱐ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋ‪‬ﻠﹾﻘﹶﻤﺔﹸ ﺣﲔ ﺃﺳﺮ ﺃﺧﺎﻩ ﺷﺄﺳﺎﹰ ﻗﺼﺪﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻭﳍﺎ‪ :‬ﻃﹶﺤﺎﹶ‬
‫ﺑِﻚ‪ ‬ﻗﻠﺐ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺍﳊﺴﺎﻥ ﻃﺮﻭﺏ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻵﺒ‪‬ﻭﺍ ﺨﹶﺯ‪‬ﺍﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﻴﺎﺏ‪ ‬ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻗﺴﻡ ﻟﻭﻻ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺠ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻥ ﻤﻨﻬﻡ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻨﺕ ﻟﺒﻴﺽ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﻋﻴﻥ ﻀ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﹸﻘﺩ‪‬ﻤﻪ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺘﹶﻐِﻴﺏ‪ ‬ﺤ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﻭﻟﹸﻪ‬
‫ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺎﺭﻡ‪ "‬ﻓﺮﺱ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﳋﻮ‪‬ﻻﱐ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮِﻥ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﻋ‪‬ﻤﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺟ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻞ ﺍﻟﺒ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﻠﻲ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﻧِﺼﺎﺏ" ﻓﺮﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﻮﺹ ﺑﻦ ﺛﻌﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﱯ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﺑﻨﺘﻬﺎ "ﻭﺭِﻳﻌﺔ" ﻭ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺣﻮﺹ ﳌﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻧﻮ‪‬ﻳﺮﺓ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﻣﻮﻛﻞ" ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻘﹶﺮﺍﹼﻉ" ﻓﺮﺳﺎ‬
‫ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻏﺰﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﺸﻜﺮﻱ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻐﺰﺍﻟﺔ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﳏﻠﻢ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﻗﻢ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺻ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺪﺓ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﺫﺅﻳﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻫﻼﻝ ﺍﳋﹸﺰﺍﻋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺎﻣﺔ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﻗﹸﺮ‪‬ﺍﺹ ﺍﻷﺯ‪‬ﺩﻱ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺶ" ﻓﹶﺮﺱ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻤﺢ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﻨﺪ ﺍﳋﹶﻮ‪‬ﻻﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻄﻴ‪‬ﺎﺭ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﺃﰊ‬
‫ﺭ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﺎﻥ ﺍﳋﹶﻮ‪‬ﻻﱐ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﳉﹶﻨ‪‬ﺎﺡ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ "ﺍﳌﻌ‪‬ﻠﱠﻲ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﺍﻷﺳﻌﺮ ﺑﻦ "ﺃﰊ" ﺣ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﳉﻌ‪‬ﻔﻲ‪ .‬ﻭ "‪‬ﺮﺍﻡ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ "ﺑﻦ ﻋ‪‬ﻘﹾﺒ‪‬ﺔﹶ" ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻜﻲ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺻ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﱯ‪"‬‬
‫ﻓﺮﺱ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻤِﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺗ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻟﹶﺐ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻜﻠﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻜﹾﺽ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻝ ﺘﺨﺘﻠﺞ ﺍﺨﺘﻼﺠﺎ؟‬ ‫ﺃﺘﺫﻫﺏ ﺒﺎﻁﻼﹰ ﻋ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﻭﺍﺕﹸ ﺼ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﺒﻲ‪‬‬

‫‪58‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺼﻭﺍﺕ ﺨﺎﻟﻁﺕ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﺎﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺭ‪‬ﻯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻬﺔ ﻜﻝﱡ ﻴﻭﻡ‬
‫ﻭ "ﺍﳊﹸﻠﹶﻴ‪‬ﻞ" ﻓﹶﺮ‪‬ﺱ‪ ‬ﻣﻘﹾﺴ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻛﹶﺜﻴِﺮ ﺍﻷﺻﺒﺤﻲ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺃﻃﻼﻝ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﺑ‪‬ﻜﲑ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﺎﱐ ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻐﻤﺎﻣﺔ"‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺮﻳﺢ"‪ .‬ﻭ‬
‫"ﻗﹶﻴ‪‬ﺪ" ﻭ "ﻣﺎﺩﻕ" ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﳌﻠﻮﻙ ﺑﲏ ﻣﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻌﻮﺭ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﺍﳊﺒِﻄﹶﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ ﲤﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﺁﻓﻖ"‪ .‬ﻭ‬
‫"ﺍﻟﹸﺨﺒ‪‬ﺎﺱ"‪ .‬ﻭ "ﻧﺎﻋﻖ" ﻟﺒﲏ ﻓﹸﻘﹶﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺭﻋ‪‬ﺸ‪‬ﻦ" ﳌﺮﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻐﺎ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﳎ‪‬ﺎﺷﻊ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻠﹶﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﳒﻞ "ﺍﻟﻐ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺮﺍﺀ" ﻓﺮﺱِ ﲪﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺑﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺰﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺷﺘﺮﺍﻫﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺑﻌﺸﺮﺓ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻏﺰﺍ‬
‫ﳎ‪‬ﺎﺷﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﲢﺒﺲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ ﰲ ﳓﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺣﻮﺝ؟! ﻓﺮﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﺄﻧﺘﺠﺖ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﺑﻌﺚ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ "ﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ" ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﻘﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﺩﻱ‪ ."‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺮﻳﺎﻕ" ﻟﻠﺨﺰﺭﺝ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﳊﹶﺮ‪‬ﻭﻥ" ﻓﺮﺱ ﻣ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﻠﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ‪ ،‬ﺃﰊ ﻗﺘ‪‬ﻴﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻫﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺟﻞ ‪ -‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺣ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻥﹶ ﲢﺘﻪ ‪ -‬ﺑﺄﻟﻒ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺭﺃﻯ ﰲ ﻣﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺼﺎﻓﲑ ﲣﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺣﻠﻴﻠﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻞ ﺇﱃ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻴِﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﲑﻳﻦ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺻﺪﻗﺖ ﺭﺅﻳﺎﻙ ﻟﺘﻨﺘﺠﻦ ﺟﻴﺎﺩﺍﹰ! ﻓﻤﻨﻪ ﺍﳉﻴﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪ .‬ﻭ‬
‫"ﻣ‪‬ﻨﺎﻫﺐ" ﻟﺒﲏ ﺗ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﻠِﺐ‪ ‬ﺑﻦِ ﻳ‪‬ﺮﺑ‪‬ﻮﻉ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻒ" ﻟﺒﲏ ﺗﻐﻠﺐ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺣ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻴﻞ" ﻟﺒﲏ ﻋِﺠ‪‬ﻞ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺒ‪‬ﻄﲔ"‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺒﻮ‪‬ﺍﺏ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺋﺪ" ﻣﻦ "ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻥ" ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺱ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻫﻠﻲ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺣﺐ" ﻏﹶﻨِﻲٍّ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻫﻠﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ "ﻏﹸﻄﻴﻒ" ﻣﻦ ﺧﻴﻮﻝ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ "ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﰊ" ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻌﺒ‪‬ﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻴﻞ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫"ﺍﻟﻘﻄﹶﺮﺍﱐﱡ" ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ "ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺋﺪ" ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﺟ‪‬ﻞﱡ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺑﻖ ﺗﻨﺴﺐ ﺇﱃ‬
‫"ﺍﻟﺒﻄﲔ" ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺋﺪ"‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ ﻋﺸﺭ‬

‫ﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺸﺘﻰ‬

‫ﻭﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﺸﻴﺎﺀ ﺘﺨﺘﺹ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻝ‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺳِﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻔﹶﺮﺱ‪ .‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺿﻌﺘﻪ ﺃﻣﺔ "ﻣ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﺮ" ﰒ "ﻓﹶﻠﹸﻮ‪ ."‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻜﻤﻞ ﺳﻨﺔﹰ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺣ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﱄﱞ"‪ .‬ﰒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫"ﺟ‪‬ﺬﹶﻉ"‪ .‬ﰒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ "ﺛﹶﻨِﻰ‪ ."‬ﰒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ "ﺭﺑﺎﻉ"‪ .‬ﰒ ﰲ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ "ﻗﺎﺭﺡ"‪ .‬ﰒ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﺳﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮﻩ "ﻣ‪‬ﺬﹶﻙٍ"‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺼﻭﺍﺘﻪ ﻭﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﺴﺏ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻀﺭﻭﺏ ﻀﺭﺒﻪ‬

‫‪59‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

‫"ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻬﻴﻞ" ﺻﻮﺗﻪ ﰲ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺃﺣﻮﺍﻟﻪ‪" .‬ﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺢ" ﺻﻮﺕ ﻧ‪‬ﻔﹶﺴﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﺪﺍ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻧﻄﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ "ﺍﻟﻘﹶﺒ‪‬ﻊ" ﺻﻮﺕ‪ ‬ﻳﺮﺩﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺨ‪‬ﺮﻳﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺃﻭ ﻛﺮﻫﻪ‪" .‬ﺍﳊﻤﺤﻤﺔ" ﺻﻮﺗﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻒ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺄﻧﺲ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫"ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺜﲑ" ﻫﻮ ﻟﻪ ﻛﺎﻟﻌﻄﺎﺱ ﻟﻺﻧﺴﺎﻥ‪" .‬ﺍﳋﹶﻀﻴﻌﺔ" ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻮ‪‬ﻗﻴﺐ" ﺻﻮﺕ‪ ‬ﺑﻄﻨﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ "ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺒﻘﺔ" ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻘﺒﺔ"‪ .‬ﻭ‬
‫"ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻋﻴﻖ" ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻋﺎﻕ" ﺻﻮﺕ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻗﹸﻨ‪‬ﺒِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﻤﻊ "ﺍﻟﻮﻋﻴﻖ" ﻣﻦ ﻓﹶﺮ‪‬ﺝ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻣِﻜﹶﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺿﺮﻭﺏ ﺿ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑﻪ ﻓﻴﻘﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻧ‪‬ﻔﹶﺤﺖ" ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺑﺔ ﺑﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﻭ "ﺭ‪‬ﳏ‪‬ﺖ" ﺑﺮﺟﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﻧﻄﺤﺖ" ﺑﺮﺃﺳﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﺻﺪﻣﺖ"‬
‫ﺑﺼﺪﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﺧﻄﹶﺮﺕ" ﺑﺬﹶﻧ‪‬ﺒﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﻤﺸﻴﻪ ﻭﻋﺩﻭﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻝ‬

‫"ﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺮ" ﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﻓﺘﻘﻊ ﻗﻮﺍﺋﻤﻪ ﳎﺘﻤﻌﺔ "ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻖ‪ "‬ﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺒﺎﻋﺪ ﺑﲔ ﺧ‪‬ﻄﺎﻩ ﻭﻳﺘﻮﺳﻊ ﰲ ﻣﺸﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﳍﻤ‪‬ﻠﹶﺠ‪‬ﺔﹸ"‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﺑﲔ ﺧ‪‬ﻄﺎﻩ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﺳﺮﺍﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﲑ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪" .‬ﺍﻻﺭﲡﺎﻝ" ﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﳜﻠﻂ ﺍﳍﻤﻠﺠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻖ‪.‬‬
‫"ﺍﳋﹶﺐ‪ "‬ﻭ "ﺍﳋﺒ‪‬ﺐ‪ "‬ﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ‪‬ﺎﺩِﻳﻪ ﰲ ﺟ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻭﺡ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻭﻳﻘﺒﺾ ﺭﺟﻠﻴﻪ‪" .‬ﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻊ" ﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻠﻮﻱ ﺣﺎﻓﺮ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻋ‪‬ﻀ‪‬ﺪﻳﻪ‪" .‬ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻠﹶﻲ" ﻫﻮ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳋﺐ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ‪.‬‬
‫"ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ" ﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻓﻊ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﹰ‪" .‬ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﻳﺎﻥ" ﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺟﻢ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﲝﺎﻓﺮﻩ ﺭﲨﺎﹰ‪" .‬ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﻮ" ﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻣﻲ ﺭﻣﻴﺎﹰ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻳﺮﻓﻊ ﺳ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻜﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ‪" .‬ﺍﻹﳎﺎﺝ" ﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺪﻭ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻀﻄﺮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫"ﺍﻹﺣﻀﺎﺭ" ﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻳ‪‬ﻌﺪ‪‬ﻭ ﻋ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﺭﻛﺎﹰ‪" .‬ﺍﻹﻫﺬﺍﺏ" ﻭ "ﺍﻹﳍﹾﺎﺏ" ﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻀﻄﺮﻡ ﰲ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﻭﻩ‪" .‬ﺍﻹﺭﺧﺎﺀ" ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺃﺷﺪ ﻣﻦ "ﺍﻹﺣﻀﺎﺭ" ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ "ﺍﻻﺑﺘﺮﺍﻙ"‪" .‬ﺍﻹﻫ‪‬ﻤﺎﺝ" ﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﳚﺘﻬﺪ ﰲ ﻳ‪‬ﺬﹾﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻔﺮﻍ ﺟﻬﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻭِ ﻋﻨﺪﻫﻢ‪" :‬ﺍﳋﹶﺐ‪ "‬ﺃﻭﻻﹰ‪ ،‬ﰒ "ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ"‪ ،‬ﰒ "ﺍﻹﳎﺎﺝ"‪ ،‬ﰒ "ﺍﻹﺣﻀﺎﺭ"‪ ،‬ﰒ "ﺍﻹﺭﺧﺎﺀ"‪ ،‬ﰒ‬
‫"ﺍﻹﻫﺬﺍﺏ"‪ ،‬ﰒ "ﺍﻹﳘﺎﺝ"‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺯﺠﺭﻩ ﻭﺤﺜﻪ‬

‫ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‪ :‬ﺃﹶﻭ‪‬ﺷﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﳍﺒﺘ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺴ‪‬ﻮﻁ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻌِﻘﺐِ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﺤﺕ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻨﹶﻭ‪‬ﺭ ﺒﺎﻷَﻋﻘﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺠِﺫﹶﻡ‬ ‫ﻴ‪‬ﻭﺸﹸﻭﻨﹶﻬ‪‬ﻥ‪ ‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺁﻨﺴﻭﺍ ﻓﹶﺯ‪‬ﻋﺎﹰ‬
‫ﺃﻱ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺮﺟﻮﻥ ﺟﺮﻳﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻛﺾ ﺑﺎﻷﻗﺪﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﻋﻘﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮﺏ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﺎﻁ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﳉﺬﹶﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻣﺮﺅ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺲ ﺑﺼﻒ ﻓﺮﺳﻪ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﺮﻱ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻠﺯﺠﺭ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻭ‪‬ﻗﹾﻊ‪ ‬ﺃَﻫ‪‬ﻭﺝ‪ ‬ﻤِﻨﹾﻌ‪‬ﺏِ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻠِﺴ‪‬ﻭﻁ ﺃُﻟﻬ‪‬ﻭﺏ‪ ‬ﻭﻟﻠِﺴ‪‬ﺎﻕِ ﺩِﺭ‪‬ﺓﹲ‬

‫‪60‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺣﺮ‪‬ﻛﺔﹸ ﺑﺴﺎﻗﻪ ﺃﳍﺐ ﺍﳉﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﺗﻰ ﲜﺮﻱ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻮﻁ ﺩ‪‬ﺭ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﳉﺮﻱ‪ .‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺯﺟﺮ ﻭﻗﻊ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻫﻮﺝ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻋﻘﻞ ﻟﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﳌِﻨ‪‬ﻌﺐ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺪ‪ ‬ﻋﻨﻘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺮﻱ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﳍﻤ‪‬ﺰ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺰ ﺑﺎﻟﻌ‪‬ﻘِﺐِ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﺎﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻝ‬

‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﺟﺮ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺑﺄﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﻋ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻭﺃﹶﻟِﻔﹶﺖ‪ ‬ﻟﹸﻐﺎﺗِﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻓﻤﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪" :‬ﻳﻬﻴﺎﻩ"‪ .‬ﻭ‬
‫"ﻫﻞ" ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﺯﺠﺭﻨﺎﻩ ﺒﻴﻬﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﻫ‪‬ﻝْ‬ ‫ﻓﹶﻅﹶﻨﹶﻨﱠﺎ ﺃﻨﱠﻪ ﻏﺎﻟِﺒ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ "ﺃﺭ‪‬ﺣﺐ"‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺃﹶﺭ‪‬ﺣِﻰ"‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺃﹶﻗﺪِﻡ"‪ .‬ﻭ "ﻫ‪‬ﺐ‪ "‬ﻭ "ﻫ‪‬ﱯِ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﺗﺴﻜﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﻛﻔﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻪ ﻭﻣﺮﺣﻪ ﻗﻮﳍﻢ "ﻫ‪‬ﻼﹶ"‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺄﻟﻭﻥ ﻗﻭﻻﹰ ﻟﻪ "ﻫ‪‬ﻼﹶ"‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺱ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻠﻜﻭﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﲨﻊ ﻃﹸﻔﹶﻴﻞﹲ ﺍﻟﻐ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻮﻱ‪ ‬ﺯ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺖ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺎ ﻭﻫ‪‬ﻼﹶ ﻭﺃﺼﺒ‪‬ﺭ ﻭﻗﺎﺩِﻋ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻫ‪‬ﺒِﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻴﻝ ﺃﻗﺩﻤﻲ ﻭﺃﻗﺩﻡ ﻭﺃﺥﹼ ﻭﺃﺨﱢﺭِﻯ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ "ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻘﹾﺮ" ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻔﺾ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻔﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﳊﻨﻚ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﱰﻉ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺼﻮﺕ ﺑﱰﻋﺔ ﺻﻮﺗﺎﹰ ﻗﺪ ﻓﻬﻤﺖ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻜﲔ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﻬﻤﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﲑ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺷﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺭﺃﻴﺕﹸ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻝَ ﺘﹶﺸﹾﺭﺏ‪ ‬ﺒﺎﻟﺼﻔﻴﺭِ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ ﺘﺸﺭﺏ‪ ‬ﺒﻼ ﻁﹶﺭﺏٍ ﻓﺈِﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻣﺮﺅ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻘﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺭﻓﻊ‪ ‬ﻁﹶﺭ‪‬ﻓﺎﹰ ﻏﹶﻴﺭ‪ ‬ﺠ‪‬ﺎﻑٍ ﻏﻀﻴﺽ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﻔﱢﻀﻪ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﱠﻘﺭ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻭﺘﹸﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻞ ﻗﻮﻡ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻧﻘﺺ ﻭﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﺼﺎﻑ ﺘﺨﺼﻪ‬

‫ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻓﺮﺱ "ﺿﻠﻴﻊ"‪ :‬ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻷﺿﻼﻉ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﻣِﺸ‪‬ﻴﺎﻁ"‪ :‬ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻤﻦ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺻ‪‬ﻠﹸﻮﺩ"‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺮﻕ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺼﻴﻢ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻋ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻗﻪ‪ ‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻳﺒﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﺮﺱ "ﺧﻮ‪‬ﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻌِﻨﺎﻥ"‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﻄﻒ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﺮﺱ "ﻗﹶﻠﹶﻬ‪‬ﺬﹶﻡ"‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺧﻠﻘﻪ‬
‫ﻗﺼﲑﺍﹰ ﺟﺪﺍﹰ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﺮﺱ "ﻛﹶﻬ‪‬ﺎﻡ"‪ :‬ﻛﹶﻠِﻴﻞﹲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺠﻴﺰ" ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻟﻌِﻨ‪‬ﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺣ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻞِ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮﻣ‪‬ﻜﺔِ‪" :‬ﻋ‪‬ﻘﹸﻮﻕ"‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺝ‪" :‬ﻧ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻮﺝ"‪.‬‬

‫‪61‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﻓﺼﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﺼﺎﻑ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ ﻭﺘﻘﻠﺒﻪ‬

‫"ﺍﻟﻘﹶﻀ‪‬ﻢ"‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻋﻲ ﲜﺤﺎﻓﻠﻪ ﻭﺛﻨﺎﻳﺎﻩ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﳋﹾﻀﻢ"‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﻔﻴﻪ ﻛﻠﱠﻪ‪" .‬ﻭﺍﻷَﺯ‪‬ﻡ"‪ :‬ﺷ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﺠﺎﻡ ﺑﻔﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﳑﺎ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﺑﻪ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻮﱘ" "ﻭﻫﻮ" ﺇﺭﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﻋﻰ ﻭﺗﺮﻛﻪ‪ ‬ﻭﺣﺪﻩ‪ .‬ﺗﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺳﻮ‪‬ﻣﺘﻪ ﻭﺃﳘﻠﺘﻪ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺪِﻳ‪‬ﺔ"‪ :‬ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺸﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺗﺮﺩﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﻲ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻟﹶﻤﻤ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺗﺮﺩﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﺗﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻧﺪ‪‬ﻳﺘﻪ‪ ‬ﺗﻨﺪﻳﺔﹰ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﺳﻢ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ "ﺍﳌﹸﻨ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻱ"‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻎ" ﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺼﻮ‪‬ﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺮﺑﺾ ﻭﻳﺘﻤﺮﻍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ‪ .‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻓﻴﻪ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻋﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﻔﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﲟﺎ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﹶﺮ‪‬ﺱ‪ ‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺮﺍﺡ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻴﻪ "ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﺍﻏﺔ"‬

‫ﻓﺼﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺘﺨﺘﺹ ﺒﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻝ‬

‫"ﺍﻟﻄﻠﻴﻌﺔ"‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﳉﻴﺶ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺳ‪‬ﺮ‪ْ‬ﻋﺎﻥ" ﺍﳋﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﺍﺋﻠﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﳌﺴ‪‬ﺒﻘﺎﺕ" ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫"ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺩﻱ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ "ﺳﺎﻗﺔ" ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮ‪ :‬ﺁﺧﺮﻩ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻜﹶﻴ‪‬ﻮﻝﹸ"‪ :‬ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻮﻑ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺃﻧ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻟﹶﻔﹶﺖِ" ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﺃﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﲨﺎﻋﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪" :‬ﻣِﻘﹾﻨ‪‬ﺐ"‪ ،‬ﰒ "ﻣِﻨ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﺮ"‪ ،‬ﰒ "ﺭ‪‬ﻋﻴﻞ" ﻭ "ﺭ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻠﺔ"‪ ،‬ﰒ "ﻛﺮ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﻭﺱ‪ ،"‬ﰒ "ﻗﹸﻨ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻠﺔ"‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﺎﻜﺭ‬

‫ﺃﻭﳍﺎ "ﺟﺮﻳﺪﺓ" ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗ‪‬ﺠﺮ‪‬ﺩ‪ ‬ﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﻩ‪ .‬ﰒ "ﺳﺮ‪‬ﻳِﺔﹲ" ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﲬﺴﲔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ‪ .‬ﰒ "ﻛﹶﺘﻴﺒﺔ"‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺧ‪‬ﻤﺴﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻟﻒ‪ .‬ﰒ "ﺍﳉﻴﺶ" ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺁﻻﻑ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ "ﺍﻟﻔﹶﻴ‪‬ﻠﹶﻖ" ﻭ "ﺍﳉﹶﺤ‪‬ﻔﹶﻞﹸ"‪ .‬ﰒ‬
‫"ﺍﳋﻤﻴﺲ" ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺛﲎ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﹰ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮ" ﳚﻤﻌﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻝ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻌﻭﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻜﺜﺭﺓ ﻭﺸﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻭﻜﺔ‬

‫ﻛﺘﻴﺒﺔ "ﺭ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﺮﺍﺟ‪‬ﺔﹲ"‪ .‬ﺟﻴﺶ "ﻟﹶﺠِﺐ‪ ."‬ﻋ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﻜﺮ‪" ‬ﺟﺮ‪‬ﺍﺭ‪ ."‬ﺟ‪‬ﺤﻔﹾﻞﹲ "ﻟﹸﻬﺎﻡ‪ ."‬ﺧ‪‬ﻤِﻴﺲ‪" ‬ﻋ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺮﻡ‪."‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻜﺘﻴﺒﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪" :‬ﺍﳋﹶﻀ‪‬ﺮﺍﺀ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻗﻴﻞ ﳍﺎ ﺍﳋﻀﺮﺍﺀ ﻟﻜﺜﺮﺓ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﻞ ﻛﺘﻴﺒﺔ ﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺪ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺧ‪‬ﻀ‪‬ﺮﺍﺀ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﺘﺨﺘﺹ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻝ ﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺁﺤﺎﺩﺍ‬

‫‪62‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫"ﺍﳌﹸﻌﺴ‪‬ﻜﹶﺮ‪ :"‬ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮ‪" .‬ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻛﺔ"‪ :‬ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ‪" .‬ﺍﳌﹶﻠﹾﺤﻤﺔ"‪ :‬ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ‪" .‬ﺍﳌﺄﺯﻕ"‪ :‬ﻭ‬
‫"ﺍﳌﺄﻗِﻂ" ﻣﺎ ﺗﻀﺎﻳﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‪" .‬ﺍﻷﺻ‪‬ﻄﹶﺒﻞ"‪ :‬ﺑﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﲢﺒﺲ ﻓﻴﻪ‪" .‬ﻣ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑِﻄﻬﺎ"‪ :‬ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺭﺑﻄﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭ "ﺍﻵﺭﻯ"‪ :‬ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﻼﻓﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺃﺸﻴﺎﺀ ﺘﺨﺹ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻝ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬

‫"ﺍﳌﻘِﺒﺺ" ﻭ "ﺍﳌِﻘﻮﺱ‪ :"‬ﺣﺒﻞ ﺗ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﻒ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻕ ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻮﻫ‪‬ﻖ"‪ :‬ﺣﺒﻞ ﻳ‪‬ﺮﻣﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺄﻧﺸﻮﻃﺔ ﺗﺆﺧﺬ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺑﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﺪ‪‬ﺕ‪" .‬ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻦ‪ "‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻘﻴ‪‬ﺎﺩ‪ "‬ﻭ "ﺍﳌِﻘﹾﻮ‪‬ﺩ‪ :"‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﰲ ﺭﺃﺳﻬﺎ ﻓﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﺑﻪ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻴﻤﺔ"‪ :‬ﻓﺄﺱ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﺠﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ "ﺍﳊﹶﻜﹶﻤ‪‬ﺔﹸ"‪ :‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﺎﻡ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻮِﺛﺎﻕ"‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﻮﺛﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﲨﻠﺔﹰ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻄﱠﻮ‪‬ﻝ" ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻄﱢﻴﻞﹸ"‪ :‬ﺣﺒﻞ "ﻳﺸﺪ" ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻭﻳﺮﺳﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﻋﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﳝﺴﻚ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺑﻄﺮﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻳﻮﺛﱢﻘﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻷﺭﺽ ﺑﻮﺗﺪ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻩ‪" .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﹶﻴﺪ‪ "‬ﻟﻴﺪﻳﻪ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻜﺎﻝ"‪ :‬ﺣﺒﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻋ‪‬ﺮﻯ ﻳ‪‬ﻮﺿﻊ ﰲ ﻳﺪ ﻭﺭﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﰲ ﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻭﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻑ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ "ﺍﻷَﺧﻴ‪‬ﺔ"‪ :‬ﺣﺒﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻋ‪‬ﺮﻭﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﰲ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻮﺛﻖ ﻃﺮﻓﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻷﺭﺽ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻲ "ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻘﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫"ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺑﺎﻁ"‪ :‬ﺣﺒﻞ ﲢﺒﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺑﺔ ﺧﺎﺹ ﳍﺎ‪ .‬ﺗﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺭﺑﻄﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺮ‪‬ﺑﺎﻁ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳊﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻭﺛﻘﺘ‪‬ﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮِﺛﹶﺎﻕِ ﺃﲨﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻘﻮﻝ "ﻭ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﺖ" ﺍﻟﻔﹶﺮ‪‬ﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮِﺩ‪‬ﺍﺝ ﺧﺎﺹ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﺪ‪‬ﺍﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻟﻔِﺼ‪‬ﺎﺩ ﻟﻺﻧﺴﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﲰﺮﺗﻪ" ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻧﻌﻠﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﳊﺪﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺍﺑﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ ﻋﺸﺭ‬

‫ﺫﻜﺭ ﻨﺒﺫﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻴﺜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻝ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺇﻜﺭﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻓﺘﺨﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﺫﻟﻙ‬

‫ﱂ ﺗﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺗﻔﻀ‪‬ﻞ ﺍﳉﻴﺎﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺴﺘﻜﺮﻣﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺰﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﻟﹶﻴﻄﹾﻮ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻥﹶ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺷﺒﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻈﻤﺌﻮﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺭﻳ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺆ‪‬ﺛﺮِﻭ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻸﻭﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻏﱪﺍﺭ ﺁﻓﺎﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺔِ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺒﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺗﺪﻝ ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﺗﺸﻬﺪ ﺃﺷﻌﺎﺭﻫﻢ‪ .‬ﻓﻠﻨﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻧﺒﺬﺓ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻤﻤﺎ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻷﺣﺪ ﺑﲏ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺻ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﻌﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪63‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﺒﻁﺎﻨﺎﹰ ﻭﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﻤﺭ ﻟﻠﺨﻴﻝ ﺃﻓﻀﻝ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﺎﻤﺭٍ ﻤﺎ ﻟﻲ ﺃﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻝ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕﹾ‬
‫ﻷﻨﻔﺴﻜﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﺕ ﻭﻗﹾﺕﹲ ﻤﺅﺠ‪‬ﻝُ‬
‫ﺼﻴﺎﻨﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻭﻥ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﺨﻴﻝ ﺃَﺠ‪‬ﻤﻝُ‬
‫ﻭﻜﻝﱡ ﺍﻤﺭﺉٍ ﻤﻥ ﻗﻭﻤﻪ ﺤﻴﺙﹸ ﻴ‪‬ﻨﹾﺯِﻝُ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﻷﺳ‪‬ﻌﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺣ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺮﺍﻥﹶ ﺍﳉﻌ‪‬ﻔﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻝُ ﻻ ﻤ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﹸﺭﻯ‬
‫ﺘﻨﺠﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﹶﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻴﻜﺸﻔﻥ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻰ‬
‫ﻭﺘﹶﺒﻴﺕﹸ ﻟﻠﺼ‪‬ﻌﻠﻭﻙ ﻏﺭﺓ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻐِﻨﻰ‬
‫ﻤﺜﻝُ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﺼﺎﻟﻪ ﻁﹸﻭﻝُ‬
‫ﻴﺼﺎﻥ ﻭﻫ‪‬ﻭ‪ ‬ﻟﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺭ‪‬ﻭﻉ ﻤ‪‬ﺒﺫﹾﻭﻝُ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﻨﺕﹸ ﻤﻥ ﺤ‪‬ﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﻨﺎﻨﻴﺭ ﻤﻭ‪‬ﺴﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻋﻴﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﺠﻭ ﺃﻥ ﺃُﻋﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﻭﺠﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻭ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﻨﺩﻱ ﻜﻨﺯ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﺭﻭﻥ‪ ‬ﻤ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺴﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺩٍ ﻭﻤﺤﺠﻭﻝِ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺌﻡ ﺃﺒﻠﻕِ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‪ .‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺨﻴﺭ‪ ‬ﻤ‪‬ﻭﻓﱢﻕِ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺩﺍﺭ ﺇﻥ ﺩ‪‬ﻟﻔﺕ ﺨﻴﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻤ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﻕ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺠﺫﻉ ﻴ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﺏ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻡ ﻴ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺹ‪ ‬ﺒﻐﺭﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﺎﺘﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺤﺘﻰ ﺘﹶﺭ‪‬ﻜﹾﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﻜﺎﻟﻤﻴﺎﺩﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﺎﻤﺭٍ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻭﻝ ﻭﻗﺎﻴﺔﹲ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻴﻨﻭﺍ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺘﻜﺭﻤﻭﻥ ﻭﺒﺎﺸﺭﻭﺍ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻰ ﺘﹸﻜﺭﻤﻭﻫﺎ ﻴ‪‬ﻜﹾﺭِﻡِ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺀ‪ ‬ﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻘﺩ ﻋ‪‬ﻠِﻤ‪‬ﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺠﻨﱡﺒﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺭ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﻯ‬
‫ﺇﻨﻲ ﻭﺠﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻝَ ﻋِﺯ‪‬ﺍﹰ ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺍﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺘﹶﺒﻴﺕ ﻟﻠﺜﱠﻐﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﹸﻭﻑِ ﻁﻼﺌﻌﺎﹰ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻃﹸﻔﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻐ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻮﻱ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇﻨﻲ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﻝﱠ ﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻻ ﻴ‪‬ﻔﺎﺭﻗﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺴﺎﻫِﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻪ ﻟﻡ ﺘﹸﻘﹾﻁﹶﻊ ﺃﺒﺎﺠﻠﹸﻪ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﻼﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻤﺎﻝَ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻝ ﻋﻨﺩﻱ ﺃُﻋﺩ‪‬ﻩ‬
‫ﺃﻗﺎﺴِﻤ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻭﺃُﻁﻌِﻡ‪ ‬ﻓﹶﻀ‪‬ﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻟﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ ﻋﻨﺩﻱ ﺠﻭﺍﺩ‪ ‬ﺭﺃﻴﺘﹸﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﻌﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻨﹸﻌِﺩ‪ ‬ﻟﻸﻋﺩﺍﺀ ﻜﹸﻝﱠ ﻤﻀ‪‬ﻤﺭ‬
‫ﺃَﻤ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻴﻙ ﺒﺭﺒﻁﻬﺎ ﻟﻌﺩﻭ‪‬ﻩ‬
‫ﻓﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻏﻴﻅﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﻌﺩﻭ‪ ‬ﻭﺤﺎﺌﻁﺎﹰ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻘﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺍﳌﺎﺯﱐ‪:‬‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻜﻨﺕ ﺍﺠﻌﻝ ﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﹶﺭ‪‬ﻍ ﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔٍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻝُ ﻤِﻥ ﻋ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﺘﻲ ﺃَﻭ‪‬ﺼﻰ ﺍﻹﻟﻪ ﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻜﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔِ ﺠﺒﺎﺭ ﺃَﻁﹾﻔﻥ‪ ‬ﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻗﹶﻴ‪‬ﺲ‪ ‬ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ‪:‬‬

‫‪64‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺭ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺏ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺩ‪‬ﻫﺭ ﻤﺭﻫﻭﺏ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺘﹾﺭ‪‬ﻑٍ ﺘﺭﻜﺘﹾﻪ‪ ‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺠﺩﻭﺏ‬
‫"ﻭﺠِﺭ‪‬ﻭﺓﹶ" ﻻ ﺘﹶﺭ‪‬ﻭﺩ ﻭﻻ ﺘﹸﻌﺎﺭ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﻲ‪ ‬ﺘﹶﺘﹾﺒﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤِﻬ‪‬ﺎﺭ‪‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺃُﻭﻗﺩﺕﹾ ﻨﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﺏِ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺤﻤﻴﻪ ﺒﻤ‪‬ﻁﱠﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﹸﻌﻭﺏِ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﺒﻠﻴﻝ‪ ،‬ﺤ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﻑﹲ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺏِ‬
‫ﺭﻋﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻲ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺤ‪‬ﻠﹸﻭﺏ !‬
‫ﺘﹶﻠﹸﻭﻡ ﻭﻻ ﺃَﺩﺭﻱ ﻋﻼﹶﻡ‪ ‬ﺘﹶﻔﹶﺠ‪‬ﻊ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﺘﺴﺘﻭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺭﺩ‪ ‬ﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺘﻔﺯﻉ‬
‫ﻨﹶﺨﻴِﺏ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻔﺅﺍﺩ ﺭﺃﺴ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻻ ﻴ‪‬ﻘﹶﻨﱠﻊ‪‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻙ ﻴ‪‬ﺠﺯﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻜﻨﺕ ﺃﺼﻨﻊ‬
‫ﻭﻭﺼ‪‬ﻰ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﷲُ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ‪ ‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩﺍ‬
‫ﻜﹸﻤ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺸﻤﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﻨﺢ ﺃﻗﻭﺩﺍ‬
‫ﺃﺒ‪‬ﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺭﺍﻤﻰ ﺒﺎﻟﻭﻟﻴﺩ ﻓﺄﺒﻌﺩﺍ‬
‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‪ ‬ﻫ‪‬ﻥ‪ ‬ﻓﻴﻨﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻴﺎﻝُ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﻤﺎﺀِ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻨِﻌ‪‬ﺎﻝُ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ ﺗ‪‬ﻤﻴﻢٍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻓﹶﺮ‪‬ﺳﺎﹰ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ "ﺳ‪‬ﻜﺎﺏِ" ﻓﻤﻨﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻨﻔﻴﺱ ﻻ ﺘﻌﺎﺭ ﻭﻻ ﺘﺒﺎﻉ‪‬‬
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‫ﻻ ﺘﹸﻘﹾﺼﻴﺎ ﻤ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺒِﻁﹶ ﺍﻟﺸﱠﻘﺭﺍﺀ ﻤ‪‬ﻨﹾﺘﹶﺒﺫﺍﹰ‬
‫ﻜﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻓﻘﻴﺭ ﺒﺈﺫﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺩ ﻨﹶﻌ‪‬ﺸﹶﺕﹾ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻨﺘﺮﺓﹸ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺭﺱ ﰲ ﻓﹶﺮ‪‬ﺱ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﺷﺪ‪‬ﺍﺩ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﻤﻥ ﻴﻙ ﺴﺎﺌﻼﹰ ﻋﻨﹼﻰ ﻓﺈﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺭ‪‬ﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺘﺎﺀ ﻓﻼ ﺘﺭﺍﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺿﺒﻴﻌ‪‬ﺔﹸ ﺍﻟﻘﹶﻴ‪‬ﺴﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺠﺯﻯ ﺍﷲ "ﺍﻷﻏﺭ‪ "‬ﺠﺯﺍﺀ‪ ‬ﺼِﺩ‪‬ﻕ‬
‫ﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻟﻠﱠﺒ‪‬ﺎﻥِ ﻭﻤ‪‬ﻨﹾﻜﹶﺒِﻴ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺃَﺩ‪‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻫﺒ‪‬ﺕ ﺸﻤﺎﻝٌ‬
‫ﺃُﺭﺍﻩ‪ ‬ﺃَﻫ‪‬ﻝَ ﺤﻴﻥ ﻴ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﻌﻰ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻋ‪‬ﺮﺝ ﺍﳌﻌ‪‬ﻨِﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃَﺭ‪‬ﻯ ﺃﻡ‪ ‬ﻋﻤﺭﻭ ﻻ ﺘﺯﺍﻝ ﺘﹶﻭ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﻊ‪‬‬
‫ﺘﻠﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‪ ‬ﺃَﻤ‪‬ﻨﹶﺢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻭﺭ‪‬ﺩ ﻟِﻘﹾﺤﺔﹰ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻫﻲ ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﺤﺎﺴﺭﺍﹰ ﻤﺸﻤﻌﻠﱠﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻗﹸﻤﺕﹸ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺒﺎﻟﻠﱢﺠﺎﻡ ﻭﺴﺭﺠﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣ‪‬ﻜﹾﺤ‪‬ﻮﻝﹸ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺪﻱ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﻠﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻁ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺎﺩ ﻭﺤ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺫﺭﻴﻨﻲ ﻭﻋﺩﻱ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻴﺎﻟﻙ ﺸﻁﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﻴﻝ ﺃَﻤ‪‬ﺴِﻜﹾﻪ ﻭﻗﺩ ﻓﺎﺽ ﻤﺎﺅﻩ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺤﻴﻒ ﺑﻦ ﺣ‪‬ﻤﲑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻘﻴﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺤﺎﻟﻔﹶﻨﹾﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻭﻑﹶ ﻭﺼﺎﻓﻨﺎﺕٍ‬
‫ﺸﻌﻴﺭﺍﹰ ﺯﺍﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻠﻴﻝ ﻗﺕٍّ‬
‫ﺃَﺒ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺕﹶ ﺍﻟﻠﻌﻥ ﺇﻥ "ﺴ‪‬ﻜﺎﺏِ" ﻋﻠﹾﻕﹲ‬
‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬
 ‫ﺘﹸﺠﺎﻉ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺎﻝ ﻭﻻ ﺘﹸﺠﺎﻉ‪‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻨﹸﺴﺒﺎ ﻴﻀﻤﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﹸﺭﺍﻉ‬
‫ﻭﻤ‪‬ﻨﹾﻌ‪‬ﻜﹶﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺒﺸﻲﺀٍ ﻴ‪‬ﺴﺘﻁﺎﻉ‬
‫ﻜﹶﻤِﻌ‪‬ﺯﻱ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺎﺯ ﺃَﺴ‪‬ﻠﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺯ‪‬ﺭﺍﺌﺏ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻥ‪ ‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﱠﻌﺩﺍﺀ ﻗﺏ‪ ‬ﺸﻭﺍﺯﺏ‬
‫ﻭﺤ‪‬ﺫﹾﻓﺔﹶ ﻜﺎﻟﺸﺠﺎ ﺘﺤﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻴﺩ‬
‫ﻓﺄﻟﺤﻔﻬﺎ ﺭﺩﺍﺌﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻠﻴﺩ‬
‫ﻟﻬﺎ ﻟﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻌﻭﺩ‬
‫ﻓﻠﻡ ﻴﺭﻜﺒﻭﺍ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺘﻬﻴﺞ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﻴﻑﹸ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﻴﻥ‪ ‬ﻻ ﻴﻘﹾﻭﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻝ ﻋﺎﻟﻑﹸ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺴﻘﻴﻪ ﻤ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﺽ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﱠﻭ‪‬ﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻲ‪ ‬ﻫﺎﺘﻑﹸ‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺜﺎﺏ ﻋﻨﺩﻱ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﻜﺜﺎﺭ‪‬‬
‫ﻨﻊ ﻤﻨﻲ ﺍﻷﻋﻨﱠﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺎﺭ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﻤﻌﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻫﺎﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺩﺴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺭﺘﺤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﱠﺴﻴﺎﺭ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺯ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺠ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺎﻻ‬
‫ﻀﻤﻤﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻜﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺎﻻ‬
‫ﻭﻨﹸﻠﺒِﺴ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻗﻊ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺠِﻼﻻ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﺬﻛﺮ ﲝﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪:‬‬
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‫ﻤﻔﺩ‪‬ﺍﺓﹲ ﻤﻜﺭ‪‬ﻤﺔﹲ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺴﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹶﻴ‪‬ﻥ ﺘﻨﺎﺠﻼﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻼ ﺘﻁﻤﻊ ﺃَﺒ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺕﹶ ﺍﻟﻠﻌﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﺧﻨﺲ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻠﱯ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﺭﻯ ﺭﺍﺒﻁﺎﺕِ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻝ ﺤﻭﻝ ﺒﻴﻭﺘﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻓﹶﻴ‪‬ﻐﹾﺒ‪‬ﻘﹾﻥ‪ ‬ﺃَﺤ‪‬ﻼﺒﺎﹰ ﻭﻴ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﻥ ﻤﺜﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻛﻼﺏٍ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﺭﺒﻐﻭﻨﻲ ﺇﺭﺍﻏﺘﻜﻡ ﻓﺈﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺃُﺴﻭ‪‬ﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺒ‪‬ﺠﺯﺀٍ‬
‫ﺃَﻤ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻋِﻴ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻥ ﻟﻴﺅﺜﺭﺍﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻧ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺮﺓﹶ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻀﻴ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻷﻨﺫﺍﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﻝ ﺨﻴﻠﹶﻬ‪‬ﻡ‬
‫ﻜﻔﺎﻨﻲ ﺩﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﺫﹶﺍ ﺍﻟﺨﹸﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺼﻨﻌﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺃُﻋﻠﱢﻝ ﺃَﻫ‪‬ﻠﻲ ﻋﻥ ﻗﻠﻴﻝِ ﻤﺘﺎﻋِﻬِﻡ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺩٍ ﺍﻹﻳ‪‬ﺎﺩِﻱ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋ‪‬ﻠِﻕﹶ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻝ ﺤﺏ‪ ‬ﻗﻠﺒﻲ ﻤ‪‬ﻘِﻼ‪‬‬
‫ﻋ‪‬ﻠِﻘﹶﺕﹾ ﻫﻤ‪‬ﺘﻲ ﺒﻬِﻥ‪ ‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻴﻡ‬
‫ﺠ‪‬ﻨﱠﺔﹲ ﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻝ ﻴﻭﻡ ﺭِﻫﺎﻥٍ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻨﺠﺭﺍﺩﻱ ﺒﻬﻥ ﻨﺤﻭ ﻋﺩﻭ‪‬ﻱ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻨﺴﺐ ﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﺤِﺒ‪‬ﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻝَ ﻭﺍﺼﻁﹶﺒﺭﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻝ ﻀﻴ‪‬ﻌﻬﺎ ﺃﻨﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻨﹸﻘﺎﺴِﻤ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﺔﹶ ﻜﻝﱠ ﻴﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬
 ‫ﺩ‪‬ﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻹﻴﺜﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﹼﻁﹶﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻜﻌ‪‬ﻘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺩ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﻥ ﺃﺠﻌﻠﹸﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﱡﻔﹶﻴﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻌﺭِﻑﹾ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺃﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺭ ﻴ‪‬ﻌﻘِﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻠﺨﻴﻝ ﺃﻴﺎﻡ‪ ‬ﻓﻤﻥ ﻴﺼﻁﺒﺭ ﻟﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺑﻌﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻝ ﻗﺩ ﻀ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺕ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﻷﻗﺎﺼﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻠﺕﹸ ﻟﻘﻭﻤﻲ ﺃﻜﺭِﻤﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻝ ﺇﻨﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻃﹶﺮﻓﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺤِﻴﻥ ﻻ ﻴ‪‬ﻤﺴﻜﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺭ‪‬‬ ‫ﻨﹸﻤﺴِﻙ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻝَ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻜﺭﻭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﹶﺒِﻴﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺒﻨﺎﺕﹸ ﺍﻷﻋﻭﺠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻴﻭﻑﹸ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻗِﻠﹸﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻨﺄﻭِﻱ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻟﻠﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﱠﻢ‬
‫ﻤ‪‬ﻌﻠﱠﻕﹲ ﺒﻨﻭﺍﺼﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻝ ﻤﻌﻘﻭﺩ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺭ ﻤﺎ ﻁﻠﻌﺕ ﺸﻤﺱ‪ ‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﻏﺭﺒﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﻛﺜﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻈﻢ ﻣﻨﻪ ﰲ ﺃﻭﺻﺎﻓﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻌﻮ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺸﺒﻴﻬﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﳛﺼﻰ ﻛﺜﺮﺓﹰ ﻟﻠﻌﺮﺏ‬
‫ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﰎ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ‪ .‬ﻓﻠﻨﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺷﺮﻃﻨﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﲝﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺱ ﻋﺸﺭ‬

‫ﺫﻜﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻭﻑ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪" :‬ﻣﻦ ﺗﻘﻠﱠﺪ ﺳﻴﻔﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻟﺒﺴﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺷﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻣﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪" :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻴﺒﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻼﺋﻜﺘﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻢ ﻳ‪‬ﺼﻠﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺍﻡ ﻣﺘﻘﻠﺪﺍﹰ ﺳﻴﻔﹶﻪ"‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﺣﻨﻒ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺗﺰﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻋ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑﺎﹰ ﻣﺎ ﻟﺒﺴﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺋﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘﻠﺪﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﺗ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﳊِﻠﻢ ﺫﹸﻻ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺃﺳﻴﺎﻑ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻨﻬﺎ "ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﹶﻘﹶﺎﺭ" ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻏﹶﻨِﻤﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ‪ ‬ﺑ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﳌﻨ‪‬ﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ "ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻀ‪‬ﺐ" ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻋﻄﺎﻩ ﻟﺴﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋ‪‬ﺒﺎﺩﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ "ﺍﻟﺒﺘ‪‬ﺎﺭ"‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﳌِﺨﺬﻡ"‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺳﻮﺏ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ "ﺍﳊﹶﺘ‪‬ﻒ"‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺳﻴﻒ ﻗﹶﻠﹶﻌﻲ‪ ‬ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻼﺡ ﺑﲏ ﻗﹶﻴ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻘﹶﺎﻉ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺳﻴﻒ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻭﺭﺛﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻓﻬﺬﻩ‬

‫‪67‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﲨﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﻴﺎﻓﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﺃﻥ ﻋ‪‬ﻜﹼﺎﺷﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻣِﺤ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﻦ ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﺑﺴﻴﻔﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺑﺪﺭ ﺣﱴ ﺍﻧﻜﺴﺮ ﰲ ﻳﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺗﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﺄﻋﻄﺎﻩ ﺟِﺬﹾﻻﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻄﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﻳﺎ ﻋ‪‬ﻜﱠﺎﺷﺔ! ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﺧﺬﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻫﺰ‪‬ﻩ ﻓﻌﺎﺩ ﺳﻴﻔﺎﹰ ﰲ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﱳ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺪﺓ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻓﹶﺘﺢ‪ ‬ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ "ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻥ"‪ .‬ﰒ ﱂ ﻳﺰﻝ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻳﺸﻬﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﻣﻊ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﻗﺘﻞ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺤﺶ ﺍﻧﻘﻄﻊ ﺳﻴﻔﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺃﹸﺣ‪‬ﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻋﻄﺎﻩ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻮﻥ‬
‫ﳔﻠﺔ؛ ﻓﺼﺎﺭ ﰲ ﻳﺪﻩ ﺳﻴﻔﺎﹰ ﻗﺎﺋِﻤ‪‬ﻪ‪ ‬ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ "ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺟﻮﻥ"‪ .‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺰﻝ ﻳ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺣﱴ ﺑﻴﻊ ﻣﻦ "ﺑﻐﺎ" ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﻇﻞ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹸﻌﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﻨﻴ‪‬ﺔ"‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻪ "ﺃﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﺟ‪‬ﻞ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺜﺎﳍﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﻮﳍﻢ‪" :‬ﺳ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻖ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺬﹶﻝ"‪ .‬ﻭﻗﻮﳍﻢ‪" :‬ﳏﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺩ‪‬ﺍﺭ‪‬ﺓﹶ ﺃﲨﻌﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﱄﱡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻮﰲﱡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻮ‪‬ﺣِﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﲤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺤﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺩ‪ ‬ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻌﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻑ ﺃﺼﺩﻕ ﺃﻨﺒﺎﺀ‪ ‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻭﻨﻬﻥ ﺠ‪‬ﻼﹶﺀ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﻙ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺭ‪‬ﻴﺏِ‬ ‫ﺒِﻴﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺌﺢ ﻻ ﺴ‪‬ﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺌﻑ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﻳ‪‬ﻐﲎ ﻋﻦ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﻐﲎ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻏﲑﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﻛﻠﻪ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﶈﺎﺭﰊ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ‪ ‬ﺯﺍﻝ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺤﺘﻰ ﻜﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻑ ﻟﻠﺭﻤﺢ ﺸﺎﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﺩﻴﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺘﺭﻜﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻄﻌﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻟﺮﻣﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻀﺮﺏ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘﻄﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻟﺴ‪‬ﻜﱢﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﲡﻌﻠﻪ ﺳﻮﻃﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻘﺮﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺘﺨﺬﻩ ﲨﺎﻻﹰ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳِﺮﺍﺟﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻈﻠﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﹸﻧﺴﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻠﻴﺴﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﺠﻴﻌﺎﹰ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺋﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻓﻴﻘﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﺴﺎﺋﺮ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻴﻪ ﻋِﻄﹶﺎﻓﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭِﺷﺎﺣﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺼﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺩﺍﺀً‪ ،‬ﻭﺛﹶﻮﺑﺎﹰ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﺼﻞ ﺍﳊﹸﻜﹾﻢ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻛﻠﻪ ﻭﺭﺩﺕ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻷﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻷﺧﺒﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋ‪‬ﺘﺒﺔﹸ ﺑﻦ ﻋ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻠﹶﻤِﻲ‪ :‬ﺃﻋﻄﺎﱐ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺳﻴﻔﺎﹰ ﻗﺼﲑﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻊ ﺃﻥﹾ‬
‫ﺗﻀﺮﺏ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﻃﻌﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻃﹶﻌ‪‬ﻨﺎﹰ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺄﻝ ﺃﻋﺮﺍﰊ ﺍﺑﻨﲔ ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻑ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻘﻴﻞ ﺍﳊﺴﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺗﺮ ﺍﳌﺨﺬﺍﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻄﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺮﻫﻒ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻤﺼﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻫﺰﺯﺗﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻜﹾﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺿﺮﺑﺖ ﺑﻪ ﱂ ﻳ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺐ‪ ."‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻶﺧﺮ‪ :‬ﻓﻤﺎ‬

‫‪68‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﻧﺖ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻧِﻌ‪‬ﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﻧ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺖ‪ !‬ﻭﻏﲑ‪‬ﻩ ﺃﺣﺐ‪ ‬ﺇﱄﱠ ﻣﻨﻪ"‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺍﳊﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻃﻊ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﻧﻖ ﺍﻟﻼﻣﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻈﻤﺂﻥ ﺍﳉﺎﺋﻊ! ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻫﺰﺯﺗﻪ ﻫ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺿﺮﺑﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺘﻚ"! ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﱪﺍﱐ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺃﺑﻐﺾ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻜﻤﺎ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﻔﹸﻄﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﹶﻬﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﺎﰊ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻈﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺿ‪‬ﺮﺏ ﺑﻪ ﱂ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻄﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺫﹸﺑﺢ ﺑﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻨﺠﻊ"‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻶﺧﺮ‪ :‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﻧﺖ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺑﺌﺲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﻧ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺖ! ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﺃﺑﻐﺾ ﺇﱄﱠ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻪ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﻄﱠﺒِﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺩﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌِﻌ‪‬ﻀ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺿ‪‬ﺮﺏ ﱂ ﻳ‪‬ﺴِﻞِ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﻧﺖ ﺃﻛﺮﻫﺘﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻄﺎﻡ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﹸﻄﺎﺭ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻄﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺮﻭﻯ ﺃﻥ ﻋ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺮ‪ ‬ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ‪ :‬ﻣ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺃﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ؟ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺣﺎﰎ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻲ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﻤﻦ‬
‫ﺷﺎﻋﺮﻫﺎ؟ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﻣﺮﺅ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺲ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﺄﻱ ﺳﻴﻮﻓﻬﺎ ﺃﻣﻀﻰ؟ "ﻗﻴﻞ"‪ :‬ﺻ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﻣ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺪ ﻳﻜﹶﺮِﺏ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﺑﻴﺪﻱ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ .‬ﻓﺒﻌﺚ ﻋ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺮ‪ ‬ﺇﱃ ﻋ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺮﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻌﺚ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺳﻴﻔﻪ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﺼ‪‬ﻤﺼ‪‬ﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﻌﺚ ﺑﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﳌﺎ ﺿﺮﺏ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺟﺪﻩ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺒﻠﻐﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ؛ ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺩ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﺇﱐ ﺇﳕﺎ ﺑﻌﺜﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ‬
‫ﺃﺑﻌﺚ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻀﺮﺏ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳍﻴ‪‬ﺜﹶﻢ‪ ‬ﺑﻦ ﻋ‪‬ﺪِﻱ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﺻﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﻒ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺪ ﻳﻜﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻤﺼﺎﻣﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺎ ﺑِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺿﻊ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳊﺎﺟﺒﻪ‪ :‬ﺇﻳﺬﹶﻥﹾ ﻟﻠﺸﻌﺮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺩﺧﻠﻮﺍ ﺃﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮﺍ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﺪﺃﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺲ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﻥ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻨﺎﻡ ﻤﻭﺴﻰ ﺍﻷﻤﻴﻥ‪‬‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺯ ﺼﻤﺼﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺯ‪‬ﺒﻴﺩﻱ‪ ‬ﻤﻥ ﺩﻭ‬
‫ﺨﻴﺭ ﻤﺎ ﺃُﻏﹾﻤِﺩﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺠﻔﻭﻥ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻑ ﻋ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺭﻭٍ ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺴﻤﻌﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻓِﺭِﻨﹾﺩٍ ﺘﻤﺘﺩ‪ ‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﻀﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻥ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺤﺩﻴﻪ ﻨﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺜﻡ ﺸﺎﺒﺕ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺯ‪‬ﻋﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃُﻭﻗﺩﺕ ﻓﻭﻗﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺍﻋﻕﹸ ﻨﺎﺭﺍﹰ‬
‫ﺱ‪ ‬ﻀﻴﺎﺀ‪ ‬ﻓﻠﻡ ﺘﻜﺩ ﺘﺴﺘﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺴﻠﻠﺘﻪ ﺒ‪‬ﻬﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﻡ‬
‫ﺭِﻱ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ ﺼﻔﺤﺘﻴﻪ ﻤﺎﺀ‪ ‬ﻤ‪‬ﻌﻴﻥ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻔِﺭِﻨﹾﺩ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻭﻨﻕﹶ ﺍﻟﺠﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻬ‪‬ﻭ‪ ‬ﻤﻥ ﻜﻝ ﺠﺎﻨﺒﻴﻪ ﻤ‪‬ﻨﻭﻥ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺄﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤ‪‬ﻨﹸﻭﻥ‪ ‬ﻨِﻴﻁﺕ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺀ ﻴﺴﻁﻭ ﺒﻪ ﻭﻨﻌﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻨِﻌ‪‬ﻡ‪ ‬ﻤِﺨﹾﺭﺍﻕﹸ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﺤﻔﻴﻅﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺞ‬
‫ﺃَﺸِﻤﺎﻝ ﺴ‪‬ﻁﹶﺕﹾ ﺒﻪ ﺃﻡ ﻴﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ﻴ‪‬ﺒﺎﻟﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻨﺘﻀﺎﻩ ﻟﻀﺭﺏ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﺄﻣﺮ‪ ‬ﻟﻪ ﺑﺒ‪‬ﺪﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺃﻋﻄﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ‬ﲞﻤﺴﲔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺮﻭﻯ ﺃﻥ ﻋ‪‬ﺮﻭﺓ ﺑﱭ ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﺑﲑ ﺳﺄﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺳﻴﻒ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﺑﲑ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺧﺮﺟﻪ‬

‫‪69‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﰲ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺃﺳﻴﺎﻑ ﻣ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻀ‪‬ﺎﺓٍ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺧﺬﻩ ﻋ‪‬ﺮﻭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ‪ :‬ﺑِﻢ‪ ‬ﻋﺮﻓﺘ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﲔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻑ؟‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺑﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺑﻐﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺒﻬﻥ‪ ‬ﻓﹸﻠﻭﻝٌ ﻤﻥ ﻗِﺭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺌﺏِ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ ﻋﻴﺏ‪ ‬ﻓﻴﻬﻡ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺴﻴﻭﻓﻬﻡ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ ﻗﺩ ﺠ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻥ ﻜﻝﱠ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﹸﺅُﺭ‪‬ﺜﹾﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺯﻤﺎﻥ ﻴﻭﻡ ﺤ‪‬ﻠِﻴﻤﺔٍ‬
‫ﻭﺟ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻠﻚ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻭﻡ ﺇﱃ ﻫ‪‬ﺎﺭ‪‬ﻭﻥﹶ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺷﻴﺪِ ﺑﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﺳﻴﺎﻑ ﻣﻊ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺎ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺳﻴﻒ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺗﻞ! ﺍﲪﻞ ﺗ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﻨﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻔﻜﱢﺮ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﺒﺔ ﻓﹶﺘ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﺰ‪‬ﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﺗ‪‬ﺼﻞﹾ ﺿﺮﺑﺔ ﺳﻴﻔﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺼِﻠﹾﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺈﻟﻘﺎﺀ ﺧﻮﻓﻚ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﺄﱐ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﺨﺎﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﹶﻮ‪‬ﺕ‪ ‬ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻠﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﻙ ﺍﻷﻣﻞ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻝ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻠﺴﻴﻒ ﰲ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻭﺻﺎﻑ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ‪ .‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺃﲰﺎﺋﻪ‪" :‬ﺍﳉﹸﻨ‪‬ﺜﻲ" ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﹸﻨﺜﹾﻲ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺃﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻨﺜﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﹶﻴ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻨﺴﺒﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻃﹸﺒﻊ ﺑﺄﺭﺽ ﺍﳍﻨﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﻴﻞ‪" :‬ﻫِﻨﺪﻱ‪ ."‬ﻭ "ﻣ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺪ" ﻭ "ﻫ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻭﺍﱐ"‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ "ﺍﻟﻴ‪‬ﻤﺎﻧ‪‬ﻲ" ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺏ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻴ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻦ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻘﹶﻠﹶﻌﻲ‪ "‬ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺇﻧﻪ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺻﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻮﺳﻲ‪ "‬ﻧﺴﺐ ﺇﱃ ﻗﺴﻮﺱ‪ :‬ﺟﺒﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻌﺪﻥ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﳌﺸ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﰲﱡ" ﻧ‪‬ﺴﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﹶﺸﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻗﺮﻯ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺗﻘﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﻒ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺮﻳ‪‬ﺠﻲ‪ "‬ﻧ‪‬ﺴﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺳ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺞ‪ :‬ﻗﹶﻴ‪‬ﻦٍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺻﻔﺎﺗﻪ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺮﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺻﻔﻴﺤﺔ"‪ .‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻄﻴﻔﺎﹰ ﻣﻬﺬﺑﺎﹰ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﻗﻀﻴﺐ"‪ .‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺻﻘﻴﻼﹰ‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺧ‪‬ﺸﻴﺐ" ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﱂ ﻳﺼﻘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﱂ ﻳ‪‬ﺤﻜﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺻﻼﺑﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﻣ‪‬ﻀِﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﻗﻴﻘﺎﹰ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﻣ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﻮ"‪ .‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺣ‪‬ﺰ‪‬ﻭﺯ ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻨﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺘﻨﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﻣ‪‬ﺸ‪‬ﻄﱠﺐ" ﻭ "ﻣ‪‬ﻔﹶﻘﱠﺮ"‪ .‬ﻭﺣ‪‬ﺰﻭﺯ‪‬ﻩ‪ :‬ﺷ‪‬ﻄﹶﺒ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﻭ‪ِ‬ﻓﻘﹶﺮ‪‬ﻩ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﲰﻲ ﺳﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻴﻒ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺇﻥ "ﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﹶﻘﹶﺎﺭ" ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺣﺎﻑ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻄﻊ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻋ‪‬ﺮﻑ ﺳﻴﻒ ﻋ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺮﻭ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﻣ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺪِ ﻳﻜﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻤﺼﺎﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺷﻔﺮﺗﺎﻩ ﺣﺪﻳﺪﺍﹰ ﻣﺬﻛﺮﺍﹰ؛ ﻭﻣﺘﻨﻪ ﺃﻧﻴﺚ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﻣﺬﻛﺮﺍﹰ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺻﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻓﺮﳒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺗﺰﻋﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﳉﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺑﻘﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺏ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﺍﳍﻨﺪﻱ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻨﻜﺴﺮ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻟﻠﺤﺪ‪ ‬ﺃﺟﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﻳﻖ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺇﺑﺮﻳﻖ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﺼﻼﺑﺘﻪ ﻭﺻﻔﺎﺋﻪ ﻭﺣﺴﻦ ﺻﻘﻠﻪ ﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﻌﻠﹶﻖ‪ ‬ﺑﻪ ﺩ‪‬ﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻓﻬﻮ‬
‫"ﺇﺻ‪‬ﻠِﻴﺖ‪ "‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻃﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻫﺮ ﻓﺘﻜﺴ‪‬ﺮ ﺣﺪﻩ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﻗﻀﻴﻢ" ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﻠﻴﻼﹰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﻛﹶﻬﺎﻡ"‪ ،‬ﻭ‬
‫"ﺩ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﺍﻥﹲ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻣﺘﻨﻪ ﺍﺛﺮ‪ ‬ﻓﻬﻮ "ﻣﺄﺛﻮﺭ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻼﻣﺘﻬﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮ ﻭﳓﻮﻫﺎ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﻣِﻌ‪‬ﻀﺪ"‪ .‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬

‫‪70‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﺤﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻈﺎﻡ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﻣِﻌﻀ‪‬ﺎﺩ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺣﺪﻩ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﻄﱠﺎﻋﺎ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﻣِﻘﹾﺼ‪‬ﻞ"‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﻣِﺨ‪‬ﻀ‪‬ﻞ" ﻭ "ﻣِﺨ‪‬ﺬﹶﻡ"‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﺟ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺍﺯ"‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﺑﺎﺗﺮ"‪ ،‬ﻭ‬
‫"ﻋ‪‬ﻀ‪‬ﺐ‪ ،"‬ﻭ "ﺣ‪‬ﺴﺎﻡ"‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﻗﺎﺿﺐ"‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﻫ‪‬ﺬﹶﺍﻡ"‪ .‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ ﻣﺄﺧﻮﺫﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻊ‪ .‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻴﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﺎﻡ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﻣ‪‬ﺼﻤ‪‬ﻢ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺻﺎﺭﻣﺎﹰ ﻻ ﻳﺜﻨﻴﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺻ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﺎﻡ"‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺃﺠﺯﺍﺌﻪ‬

‫"ﺟﻮﻫﺮ‪‬ﻩ" ﻭ "ﺃﹶﺛﹾﺮ‪‬ﻩ"‪ :‬ﻓِﺮِﻧ‪‬ﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻛﺎﳌﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻪ ﳜﻴﻞ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺴﻴﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻫ‪‬ﺰ‪" .‬ﺫﹸﺑﺎﺑ‪‬ﻪ"‪ :‬ﻃﺮﻑ ﻧﺼﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫"ﻇﹸﺒ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺎﻩ" ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺬﺑﺎﺏ‪" ،‬ﻏِﺮﺍﺭﻩ"‪ :‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﳘﺎ ﺷﻔﺮﺗﺎﻩ‪" .‬ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻩ"‪ :‬ﻭﺳﻄﻪ‪" .‬ﻣﺘ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻪ"‪ :‬ﲨﻠﺔ ﻣﻨﺼﻠﻪ "ﺭﺋﺎﺳ‪‬ﻪ‪ "‬ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻋﺪﺍ ﻧ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﻠﹶﻪ‪" .‬ﻗﺎﺑﻀﻪ"‪ :‬ﻣﻘﺒﺾ ﻛﻒ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﺭﺏ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﻪ‪" .‬ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻨﺒﻠﺔ"‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﺎﺱ ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫"ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺢ‪ "‬ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻴﻼﹶﻥ"‪ :‬ﻳﻜﺘﻨﻔﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻨﺦ‪" .‬ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻴﻌﺔ"‪ :‬ﺭﺃﺱ ﺭﺋﺎﺳِﻪِ‪" .‬ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻌِﲑﺓ"‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﳛﺒﺴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺃﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﻏﻤﺪﻩ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ "ﺟ‪‬ﻔﹾﻨ‪‬ﻪ"‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﺧِﻠﱠﺘﻪ"‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﺧِﻠﹶﻠﹸﻪ"‪ .‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﳋِﻠﹶﻞﹶ ﺟﻠﻮﺩ ﰲ ﺑﺎﻃﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﻤﺪ‪ .‬ﻭ‬
‫"ﲪﺎﺋﻠﻪ"‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﻠﱠﻖ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪‬ﺎ "ﲪﺎﻟﺔ" ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ "ﳒﺎﺩ‪‬ﻩ"‪ .‬ﻭ "ﻛﹶﻠﹾﺒ‪‬ﻪ"‪ :‬ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺳﻴﻮﺭﻩ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪:‬‬
‫ﺠ‪‬ﻌﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﹶﻠﹾﺏ‪ ‬ﻟﻸﻤﻴﺭ ﺠ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺎﻻﹰ‬ ‫ﺭ‪‬ﺏ‪ ‬ﺴ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺭ ﺭﺃﻴﺕﹸ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻡ ﻜﹶﻠﹾﺏ‬
‫ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺔ"‪ :‬ﺃﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺳﻴﻮﺭ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﺋﻞ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺳﺎﺭﺑﻪ"‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﳌﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﻤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻀﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺛﻌﻠﺘﻪ"‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﻟﺬﺑﺎﺑﻪ ﻭﻇﹸﺒ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻪ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻘِﺮﺍﺏ"‪ :‬ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﻏﻼﻑ ﻛﺎﻟﻐﻤﺪ ﻳ‪‬ﺠﻌﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﺑﻐﻤﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﳑﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻃﹶﺮ‪‬ﻓﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﻌﻀ‪‬ﺏ ﺼﻘﻴﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﱠﻔﺭﺘﻴﻥ ﻤ‪‬ﻬﻨﱠﺩِ‬ ‫ﻭﺁﻟﻴﺕﹸ ﻻ ﻴﻨﻔﻙ‪ ‬ﻜﹶﺸﹾﺤﻲ ﺒﻁﺎﻨﺔﹰ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﻴﻝ‪ :‬ﻤﻬﻼﹰ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺤﺎﺠﺯﻩ‪ :‬ﻗﹶﺩِ!‬ ‫ﺃﺨﻲ ﺜﻘﺔ ﻻ ﻴ‪‬ﻨﹾﺜﻨﹶﻲ ﻋﻥ ﻀﺭﻴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻜﹶﻔﹶﻰ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌﻭ‪‬ﺩ‪ ‬ﻤﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺀ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺱ ﺒِﻤِﻌ‪‬ﻀ‪‬ﺩِ‬ ‫ﺤ‪‬ﺴﺎﻡ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﻗﻤﺕ ﻤﻨﺘﺼﺭﺍﹰ ﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻴﻌﺎﹰ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺒﺘﻠﹼﺕ ﺒﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻴﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺒﺘﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ‪ ‬ﻭﺠﺩﺘﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘ‪‬ﺰ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﻤﺎ ﻴ‪‬ﻨﹾﺘﻀ‪‬ﻰ ﺇﻻ ﻟﺴﻔﻙ ﺩﻤﺎﺀِ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻲ ﺼﺎﺭﻡ‪ ‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻴﺎ ﻜﻭﺍﻤﻥ‪‬‬
‫ﺒﻘﻴﺔﹸ ﻏﹶﻴ‪‬ﻡٍ ﺭﻕﱠ ﺩ‪‬ﻭﻥ ﺴﻤﺎﺀِ‬ ‫ﺘﹶﺭ‪‬ﻯ ﻓﻭﻕ ﻤﺘﻨﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻔِﺭِﻨﹾﺩ‪ ‬ﻜﺄﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻠﹶﻮﻱ‪:‬‬

‫‪71‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﺘﹶﻘﹶﺎﺼ‪‬ﺭ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻓﺎﺘﻪ ﻭﺘﹶﻁﹸﻭﻝُ‬
‫ﻋﻴﻭﻥ‪ ‬ﺠ‪‬ﺭﺍﺩٍ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻥ ﺫﹸﺤﻭﻝُ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺒﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻭﺱ ﺭﺴﻭﻝُ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﺱ ﻟﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻴﺔﹸ ﺩﺍﻓﻊ‪‬‬
‫ﻭ ‪‬ﺒﺭ‪‬ﻕﹲ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺍﻫﺘﺯ‪ ‬ﺒﺎﻟﻜﻑﱢ ﻻﻤﻊ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺭﺘﺎﻉ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺕﹸ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﺕﹸ ﺭﺍﺌﻊ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻙ ﻅﹶﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺱِ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﻔﺱ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﺱ ﻴ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﻭﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺸﺭﺏ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻜﻭﻜﺒﺎﹰ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺒﺴﺎﹰ ﻴﻠﻬﺏ‬
‫ﻴ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﻠﻰ ﻟﻅﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻁﻝُ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺭﺏ‬
‫ﻭﻴﻭﻗﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻟﻪ ﻤﻀﺭﺏ‬
‫ﻴ‪‬ﻨﹾﻬ‪‬ﺏ‪ ‬ﺃﺭﻭﺍﺤﺎﹰ ﻭﻻ ﻴ‪‬ﻨﻬﺏ‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﻨﺠﻠﻰ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺎﺌﻪ ﺍﻟﻁﱢﺤ‪‬ﻠِﺏ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﺘﻭﻗﺩﺕ ﻨﺎﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺭﺩﻯ ﺒﻐﺭﺍﺭﻩِ‬
‫ﻭﻴﻜﺎﺩ ﻴ‪‬ﺤﺭِﻕ ﻤ‪‬ﻨﺘﻀِﻴﻪ ﺒﻨﺎﺭﻩِ‬
‫ﻟﻘﻠﻨﺎ ﺃَﻅﹾﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﹶﻤ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻨﺘﺤﺎﻻ‬
‫ﻜﺄﻥ‪ ‬ﺃﺒﺎﻩ ﺃﻭﺭﺜﻪ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻼﻻ‬
‫ﻨﺠﻭﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻝ ﻭﺍﻨﺘﻌﻝ ﺍﻟﻬﻼﻻ‬
‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺘﺒﺎﻴ‪‬ﻥ‪ ‬ﻤﻨﻪ ﺍﺸﺘﻜﺎﻻ‬
‫ﻭﺘﹸﺒﺼﺭ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺭ ﺍﺸﺘﻌﺎﻻ‬
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‫ﻜﺄﻥ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻓﺭﻨﺩﻩ ﻤ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺝ‪ ‬ﻟﹶﺠ‪‬ﺔ‬
‫ﻜﺄﻥ ﻋﻴﻭﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺫﱠﺭ‪ ‬ﻜﹸﺴ‪‬ﺭﻥ ﺤ‪‬ﻭﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﺎﻡ‪ ‬ﻏﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﺭ‪‬ﻭﻉ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻜﺄﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺪ ﺭﺑ‪‬ﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻱ ﺸﹸﻁﹶﺏٍ ﺘﹶﻘﹾﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻴﺎ ﺒﺤ‪‬ﻜﻤﻪ‬
‫ﻓِﺭِﻨﹾﺩ‪ ‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺍﻋﺘﻥ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﻌ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻥ ﺭﺍﻜﺩ‪‬‬
‫ﻴﺴﻠﱢﻝ ﺃﺭﻭﺍﺡ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻜﹸﻤﺎﺓ ﺍﺴﺘﻼﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺕ ﺃﻤﺜﺎﻟﻪ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﻴﻌﺔٍ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻗﺎﻕ‪:‬‬
‫ﺫﻭ ﻅﻤﺄٍ ﻴﺸﺭﺏ‪ ‬ﻤﺎﺀ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻁﻠﱡﻰ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺎﻟﻪ ﻤﻨﺼﻠﺘﺎﹰ ﺒﺎﺭﻗﺎﹰ‬
‫ﺃﺭ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﺸﹸﻭﺍﻅﺎﹰ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺘﹸﺴﺎﺠﻝُ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‪ ‬ﻟﻪ ﺼﻔﺤﺔﹲ‬
‫ﻜﹸﻠﱢﻝ ﻤﻥ ﺇﻓﺭﻨﺩﻩ ﺠﻭﻫﺭﺍﹰ‬
‫ﻴﻔﺘﺭ‪ ‬ﻋﻥ ﺼﻔﺤﺘﻪ ﻏﻤﺩ‪‬ﻩ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻏﲑﻩ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻬﻨﱠﺩٍ ﺠﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻨﺩ‪ ‬ﺒﻤﺘﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻜﺎﺩ ﻴ‪‬ﻐﺭِﻕﹸ ﺤﺎﻤﻠﻴﻪ ﺒﻤﺎﺌﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺮ‪‬ﻱ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻭﻻ ﻤﺎ ﺒﺴﻴﻔﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻨﹸﺤﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺴﻠﻴﻝُ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﺩﻕﱠ ﻭﺭﻕﱠ ﺤﺘﻰ‬
‫ﻤ‪‬ﺤﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒ‪‬ﺭﺩِ ﺘﺤﺴﺒﻪ ﺘﹶﺭﺩ‪‬ﻯ‬
‫ﻤﻘﻴﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻝ ﻓﻲ ﻁﹶﺭ‪‬ﻓﻲ ﻨﻘﻴﺽ‬
‫ﺘﺒﻴ‪‬ﻥ‪ ‬ﻓﻭﻗﻪ ﻀﺤ‪‬ﻀﺎﺡ‪ ‬ﻤﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬
 ‫ﺒﺄﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻭ ﻅﻥ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺁﻻ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺒ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻤﻴﺭ ﻭﻗﺩ ﻨﻀﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻤ‪‬ﺴﺨﺕ ﻨﻤﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﺩ‪‬ﺒﺕ ﻓﻭﻗﻪ ﺤ‪‬ﻤﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻴﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻠﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﻐِﻤﺩ‪ ‬ﻴ‪‬ﻤﺴﻜﻪ ﻟﺴﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻴ‪‬ﺫﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺏ‪ ‬ﻤﻨﻪ ﻜﻝﱠ ﻋ‪‬ﻀ‪‬ﺏ‬
‫ﻴﺼﺎﺩﻑﹾ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺩﺘﻪ ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﻴﻙ ﺫﺍ ﺨﻠﻴﻝ ﻏﻴﺭِ ﺴﻴﻑ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻄﻴﻠﻲ ﰲ ﺳﻴﻮﻑ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﺯﻝﱠ ﺃﻭ ﺯﺍﻝ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻅﻤﺂﻥ‪‬‬ ‫ﻫِﻴﻡ‪ ‬ﻭِﺭﺍﺩ‪ ‬ﻟﻭ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺼﺎﻓﺤﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻼ ﺘﻘﻝ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻨﺼﺎﺏ ﻭﺃﻭﺜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﺎﺩ ﻴﺨﻠﻕ ﻤﻬﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﺩﻤﺎﺀ ﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﻭﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻁﺎﻝ ﺃﻜﻔﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺘﻰ! ﻓﺈﻥ ﺨﻠﻌﺕ ﺃﺠﻔﺎﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﺎ ﻗﻴﻞ ﰲ ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻭﺱ‪:‬‬
‫ﻴﺩﺍﻥ ﻟﺴﻠﱠﺘﻪ ﻅﹸﺒﺎﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻐِﻤ‪‬ﺩِ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﺒ‪‬ﻬﻥ ﻤﺜﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻑ ﻟﻭ ﻟﻡ ﺘﺴ‪‬ﻠﱠﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻓﺮﺍﻁ ﰲ ﻭﺻﻔﻪ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺑﻐﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻭﻗﺩ ﺒﺎﻟﺼ‪‬ﻔﱠﺎﺡِ ﻨﺎﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺤﺒ‪‬ﺎﺤِﺏِ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻠﹸﻭﻗﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﻋ‪‬ﻑﹶ ﻨﺴﺠﻪ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻗﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﺍﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻒ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﺟﺪ‪‬ﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻧﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻝ‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﺴﻞﱠ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺏ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺳ‪‬ﻞﱠ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻭ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺙ ﺍﳉﹸﱭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﻣﺎ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳ‪‬ﺤﺬﺭ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻟﺴﻴﻒ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﺟﺪ ﻛﺜﲑ ﳑﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺣﺬﺭ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺩ‪‬ﺭﺑﺔ ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﺃﹸﺫﹸﻥ ﻓﺮﺳﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻀﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﲟﺎ ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﺃﹸﺫﹸﻥﹶ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺟﻠﹶﻪ ﻓﻘﻄﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﺛﱠﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮ‪‬ﻑ ﺭﺟﻠﻪ ﰲ ﺭﻛﺎﺑﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻻ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻘﺪ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﲝﺴﺐ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻀﺮﺏ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﻧ‪‬ﻔﹾﺤﺎﹰ ﻭﺷﺰﺭﺍﹰ؛ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺒﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﻓﻠﻴﻜﻦ ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﺃﺷﺪ ﺣﺬﺭﺍﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﻓﹶﺮ‪‬ﺳﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻴﻌ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻞ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻣﻜﻨﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺁﻣﻨﺎﹰ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻴﻄﹾﺮ‪‬ﺡ‪ ‬ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﻋﻦ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ ﺃﺑﺪﺍﹰ‬
‫ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺣﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻣﺢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮ‪‬ﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺏ ﻓﻠﻴﻌﻤﺪ ﺇﱃ ﻗﹶﺼ‪‬ﺒﺔ ﺭِﻃﹾﺒﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻗﻀﻴﺐ ﺭﻃﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﺃﺻﻠﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺘﻮﺛﻖ ﻣﻨﻪ؛ ﰒ ﻳﺘﺒﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳚﻌﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳ‪‬ﺠﺮﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﻪ ﻣﻞﺀ ﻓﺮﻭﺟﻪ؛ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺩﻧﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺳ‪‬ﻞﱠ ﺳﻴﻔﻪ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺣ‪‬ﺬﹶﺭٍ ﻭﺧﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧ‪‬ﻔﺦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎ ﳛﺎﺫﻱ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺐ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻳﻀﺮﺏ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺷﺰﺭﺍﹰ ﺑﻠﺒﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﺧﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺮﺍﺭﺍﹰ ﻳﻘﺺ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻃﹶﻠﹶﻖ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻣﻜﻨﻪ؛ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﻗﹶﺪ‪‬ﺭ ﺫﺭﺍﻉ‪ .‬ﻭﻳ‪‬ﺪﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺼﲑ ﻟﻪ‬

‫‪73‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﳜﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺰ‪‬ﺭ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺏ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻦ ﳝﲔ ﻭﴰﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻔﺢ‪ :‬ﺇﱃ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﻋﺸﺭ‬

‫ﺫﻜﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﻤﺎﺡ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪" :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻨﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻘِﺴِﻰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻧ‪‬ﺼِﺮ ﻧﺒﻴ‪‬ﻜﹸﻢ‪ ‬ﻭﻓﹸﺘﺢ ﻟﻜﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﺡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺭﻣﺎﺡ‪ :‬ﺭﻣﺢ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ "ﺍﳌﺘﺜﲏ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﺻﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻼﺡ ﺑﲏ‬
‫ﻗﹶﻴ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻘﺎﻉ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺢ ﺭِﺷ‪‬ﺎﺀُ ﺍﳌﻨﻴ‪‬ﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺜﺎﳍﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﺫﻛﹼﺮﺗﲏ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﻦ‪ ‬ﻭﻛﻨﺖ ﻧﺎﺳﻴﺎﹰ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﺄﻝ ﺃﻋﺮﺍﰊ ﺍﺑﻨﲔ ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﺡ ﺃﺣﺐ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻤﺎ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺎﺭﻥ ﺍﳌﺜﻘﻒ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻘﻮ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻒ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻫﺰﺯﺗﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻌﻄﱠﻒ‪ .‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻃﻌﻨﺖ‪ ‬ﺑﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻘﺼ‪‬ﻒ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻶﺧﺮ‪ :‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﻧﺖ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺢ‬
‫ﻭﺻ‪‬ﻒ‪ !‬ﻭﻏﲑ‪‬ﻩ ﺃﺣﺐ‪ ‬ﺇﱄﱠ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺑﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺴ‪‬ﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺴﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻫﺰﺯﺗﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬ ﺇﺫﺍ ﳘﺰﺗ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﺄﺧﱪﺍﱐ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻐﺾ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﺡ ﺇﻟﻴﻜﻤﺎ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻋﺼﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﱢﻌ‪‬ﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺜﻠﱠﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻨﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻫﺰﺯﺗﻪ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺿﺮﺑﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﻘﺼﻒ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻶﺧﺮ‪ :‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﻧﺖ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺑﺌﺲ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺢ ﻭ‪‬ﺻ‪‬ﻒ! ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﺃﺑﻐﺾ‪ ‬ﺇﱄﱠ ﻣﻨﻪ؛ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴﻒ ﺍﳌﻬﺰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺑﺲ ﺍﻟﻜﺰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻛﺮﻫﺘﻪ ﺍﳓﻄﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﻌﻨﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﻘﺼﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﻞﹸ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻠﺘﻮﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﺡ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﱄ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﱄ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﳉﻴﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﺷﻴﺔ ﻗﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻷﻛﺒﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﻤﺎﺡ‬
‫ﺍﳌﹸﻬﺞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺴﺘﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﺝ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﹸﺮ‪‬ﺝ‪ .‬ﺧ‪‬ﻠﻘﺖ ﻛﺎﻷﺭﺍﻗﻢ‪ ،‬ﻟﺜﻐﺮ ﺍﳊﻼﻗﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﻠﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﺬﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﹶﻠﻴِﻤ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻣﺬﻋﻮﺭ ﻭﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻗﻮﳍﻢ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻴ‪‬ﺏٍ ﺤ‪‬ﻠﱠﺕ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻟﻡ ﺘﹸﻁﹶﻠﱠﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻡ ﻋﺎﺘﻕٍ ﻗﺩ ﺃﻨﻜﺤ‪‬ﺘﹾﻨﺎ ﺭﻤﺎﺤ‪‬ﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻓﺼﻝ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺴﻤﺎﺌﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ‪:‬‬

‫‪74‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

‫"ﺍﻟﻌﻨ‪‬ﺰ‪‬ﺓ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﺼﺎ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﳍﺮﺍﻭﺓ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ "ﺯ‪‬ﺝ‪ ،"‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﻹﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﻊ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﺝ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻨﻪ‪ .‬ﰒ "ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺰﻙ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺰ‪‬ﺓ ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﲨﻌﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺜﻠﻪ "ﺍﳌِﻄﹾﺮﺩ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ "ﺍﳌﺰﺭﺍﻕ" ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳ‪‬ﺮﻣﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻓﺔ ﻋﺼﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺳﻨﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺎﹰ ﻟﻄﻴﻔﺎﹰ ﳋﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﻉ ﻭﺷﺒﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻃﻮﳍﺎ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﺮﻳﺾ ﻓﻬﻲ "ﺣ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑﺔ" ﻭ "ﺃﹶﻟﱠﺔ" ﲨﻌﻬﺎ ﺣِﺮﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻﹶﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ "ﺍﳋﹸﺮ‪‬ﺹ" ﻣﻦ ﻗﺼﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﺡ ﻭﲨﻌﻪ ﺧ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺻﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺻﻢ‪ ‬ﻓﻬﻮ "ﻣِﺪ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺲ‪ "‬ﻳ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻋِﺲ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﲨﻌﻪ ﻣ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺍﻋﺲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻃﻮﳍﺎ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﹶﻨ‪‬ﺎﺓ‬

‫ﻓﺼﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺼﻔﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻨﺴﺒﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻧﺒﺘﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﱂ ﲢﺘﺞ ﺇﱃ ﺗﺜﻘﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻮﱘ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ "ﺻ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺪﺓﹲ"‪ .‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺣﺘﺎﺟﺖ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺗﺜﻘﻴﻒ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺍﳌﺜﻘﱠﻒ"‪ .‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺢ ﻣﻀﻄﺮﺑﺎﹰ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﻋﺎﺳﻞ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻻﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﻋﺴ‪‬ﺎﻝ" ﻭ‬
‫"ﻋﺮ‪‬ﺍﺹ‪ "‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻴﻨﺎﹰ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﻟﹶﺪ‪‬ﻥﹲ" ﻭ "ﺫﺍﺑﻞ" ﻭ "ﻣﺎﺭﻥ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺍﹰ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺳ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﺮِﻱ‪ ."‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺻ‪‬ﻠﹾﺒﺎﹰ‬
‫ﻻ ﻳﻨﺜﲏ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺻ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻕ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﺜﻠﻤﺎﹰ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺛﹶﻠِﺐ‪."‬‬
‫ﻭ "ﺍﳋﹶﻄﱢﻲ‪ "‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺼﺐ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺏ ﺇﱃ "ﺍﳋﹶﻂﹼ"‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺽ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺗﻨﺒﺖ ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻴ‪‬ﺰﱐﱡ" ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺏ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻱ ﻳ‪‬ﺰ‪‬ﻥ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﲏ‪ "‬ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺏ ﺇﱃ ﺭ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﻳﻨﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﻋﻨﺪﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻷﲰﺮ" ﻫﻮ "ﺍﻷﻇﹾﻤﻰ" ﻣﺄﺧﻮﺫ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻈﻤﺄ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﻄﺶ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻬﺬﻡ" ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺎﻥ ﻫﻮ "ﺍﳌِﻨ‪‬ﺠﻞ"‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺗﺴﺎﻉ‪ .‬ﻭﻃﻌﻨﺔ ﻧ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﻼﹶﺀ‪ :‬ﺃﻱ ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻮ‪‬ﺷﻴﺞ‪ "‬ﻣﻨﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﺡ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻭ "ﺍﳌﹸﺮ‪‬ﺍﻥﹸ" ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎ "ﻣ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺍﻧﺔ" ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﺍﻥﹸ‬
‫ﻣ‪‬ﻨﺒﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴﻝ ﺃﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺭﻤﺢ‬

‫"ﺳﻨﺎﻧﻪ"‪" ،‬ﻭﻧ‪‬ﺼﻠﻪ"‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﻗﺮﻭﻧﻪ"‪" :‬ﺷﻔﺮﺗﻪ"‪ .‬ﻭﻃﺮﻓﻬﺎ "ﺳﺎﺋﺒﺘﻪ"‪ .‬ﻭ "ﻇﹸﺒﺘﺎﻩ" ﻭ "ﺷﻔﺮﺗﺎﻩ"‪ :‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫"ﻏِﺮﺍﺭﻩ"‪ .‬ﻭ "ﻋ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻩ" ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺊ ﰲ ﻭﺳﻄﻪ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﳉﹸﺒ‪‬ﺔ"‪ :‬ﻣﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﻌﻠﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﻞ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺜﻌﻠﺐ" ﻣﺎ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺎ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳉﺒ‪‬ﺔ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﳌِﺤ‪‬ﻮﺭ"‪ :‬ﻣﺴﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﻭ "ﺯﺍﻓﺮﺗﻪ"‪ :‬ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺻﺪﺭﻩ"‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺘ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،"‬ﻭ "ﻋﺎﻣِﻠﹸﻪ" ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ ﻗﺪﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺚ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ .‬ﰒ "ﻋ‪‬ﺎﺋِﺪﻩ"‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﻭﻋﻤﻮﺩﻩ"‪ :‬ﻭﺳﻄﻪ‪ .‬ﰒ "ﺳ‪‬ﺎﻗﹸﻪ"‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﺳﺎﻓﻠﺘﻪ"‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﻋ‪‬ﻘِﺒ‪‬ﻪ"‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﻛﹶﻌ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻪ"‪ .‬ﰒ "ﺯ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻪ" ﻭ‬
‫"ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻩ" ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰲ ﺃﺳﻔﻠﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺣﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ ﻓﻬﻲ "ﺣ‪‬ﻠﹾﻘﺘﻪ"‪.‬‬

‫‪75‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﻭ "ﺃﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ" ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﺡ ﺍﳍﻨﺪﻳﺔ ﻭﻛﻌﻮﺑ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﻋ‪‬ﻘﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺣ‪‬ﺮﻭﺯ‪‬ﻫﺎ ﻭﻓﺼﻮﳍﺎ‪" .‬ﻭ "ﻗِﺼ‪‬ﺪ‪ "‬ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﺡ‪:‬‬
‫ﻛﺴ‪‬ﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﻗﻄﹸﻌﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎ "ﻗِﺼ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺓ"‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻜﻭﺏ ﺒﺎﻟﺭﻤﺢ‬

‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺭﳏﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋِﻨﺎﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺸﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻊ ﻗﹶﺮ‪‬ﺑﻮﺱ ﺳﺮﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻀﻊ ﺯ‪‬ﺝ‪ ‬ﺭﳏﻪ ﺑﺎﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺒﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﻠﻴﻼﹰ؛ ﻭﻳﻀﻊ ﺻﺪﺭ ﻗﺪﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ ﰲ ﺭﻛﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﻷﻳﺴﺮ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺸﻴﻞ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺮﺳﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻨﻬﺾ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺪﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﹶﻔﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻷﳝﻦ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺴﺘﻘﻞﱠ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ؛ ﰒ ﻳﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺢ ﰲ ﻳﺴﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌِﻨﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﻮ‪‬ﻱ ﺛﻴﺎﺑﻪ ﻭﺁﻟﺘﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺢ ﺇﱃ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺻﺤﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻘﺮﺏ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺇﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﳜﺎﻑ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺢ ﺃﻭ ﺷﺠﺮﺓﹲ ﻳﻨﺸﺐ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻴﺄﺧﺬ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺣﺐ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺢ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌِﻨﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﻑِ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﹶﺮ‪‬ﺑﻮﺱ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﻴﺴﺎﺭﻩ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻋ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻑ‪ ‬ﻭﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﳌﺆﺧﺮﺓ ﺑﻴﻤﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﺮ‪‬ﺑﻮﺱ‪ ‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﻴﺴﺎﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﻛﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻷﺧﺬ ﺭﳏﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺭﺍﻛﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﲟﺎ ﻭﻃﺌﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻓﻜﺴﺮﻩ ﺃﻭ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺄﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻳﱰﻝ ﻭﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺭﳏﻪ ﻭﻳﺮﻛﺐ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻭﺻﻔﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﱰﻭﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺢ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬﻩ ﺑﻴﺴﺎﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻀﻊ ﺯ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺎﻷﺭﺽ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻳﺪ ﻓﺮﺳﻪ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺑﻮﺱ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲎ ﰒ ﻳﱰﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﲔ ﻳﺼﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺭﳏﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﺌﻼ ﻳﺪﻭﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻓﻴﺤﻄﻤﻪ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻳﺼﻴﺐ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺑﺴﻨﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻳﻌﻘﺮ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ‪ .‬ﻓﻠﻴﻠﺘﻔﺖ ﳍﺬﺍ ﻛﻠﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻝ‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺭﺑﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻠﻴﻀﻊ ﺩﺭﻳﺌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋ‪‬ﻮﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺷﺒﻬﻪ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﺎﻷﺭﺽ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻮﺛﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﻔﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺸﺪ ﰲ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺒﻼﹰ ﻣ‪‬ﻠﹾﻮﻳ‪‬ﺎﹰ ﺷﺒﻪ ﺍﳊﻠﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﺘﺒﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳ‪‬ﺠﺮﻱ ﻓﹶﺮ‪‬ﺳﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻞﺀ ﻓﺮﻭﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻗﹶﺮ‪‬ﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺭﻳﺌﺔ ﺗﺄﺑ‪‬ﻂﹶ ﺭﳏﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﻘﹶﺪ‪‬ﺭ ﻣﺎ ﳜﻒ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺣ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻠﹸﻪ‬
‫ﻭﲢﺘﻤﻠﻪ ﻗﹸﻮ‪‬ﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﺴﻨﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﱠﻘﺔ‪ ،،‬ﰒ ﻳﻠﻮﻱ ﺭﳏﻪ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻟﻴﺨﻠﱠﺺ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺎﻥﹶ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻠﹾﻘﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺭﲟﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻠﺐ ﺭﳏﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺧﻠﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻔﺬ ﺍﳊﻠﻘﺔ ﻭﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺭﳏﻪ ﻟﻘﹾﻔﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻔﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺭﲟﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳊﻠﹾﻘﹶﺔ ﺗﺪﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﻴﻔﻤﺎ ﺃﻣﻜﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﳜﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ .‬ﻓﻼ ﳜﻄﺊ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺻﻔﺔ ﺇﻣﺴﺎﻛﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﱢﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﱠﻌِﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﱡﺺ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺑ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﻂِ ﻭﺗﻄﻮﻳﻞ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻌِﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﺜﺮﺓ ﺃﺣﻮﺍﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻭﺟﻮﻫﻪ ﻭﻃﺮﻗﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪76‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

‫ﻭﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻟﻠﻔﺎﺭﺱ ﺃﻥ ﳜﻔﻒ ﺭ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻗﹶﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻔﻴﻒ ﺃﻗﻮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﺃﺿﺒﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﺃﺣﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﹶﺪ‪‬ﺭِ ﻗﻮ‪‬ﺗﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺭﻣﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺃﺫﺭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻗﻞﱡ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻴﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻠﻴﻆ ﻗﺪﺭ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﺗ‪‬ﻌﺠﺰﻩ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﻒ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻠﺘﻘﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﻧﺎﻣﻞ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻫﻮ ﺍﶈﻤﻮﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﲝﺴﺐ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﳑﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺢ ﻗﻮﻝﹸ ﺍﳌﻌﺮ‪‬ﻱ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﻴﻘﱠﻥ ﻁﹸﻭﻝَ ﺤﺎﻤﻠﻪ ﻓﹶﻁﹶﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻱ ﻅﻤﺄٍ ﻭﻟﻴﺱ ﺒﻪ ﺤ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺎﺓﹲ‬
‫ﻓﺭﻨﱠﻕ ﻴ‪‬ﻁﹾﻠﹸﺏ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺤ‪‬ﻠﹶﻕ ﺍﻟﺩ‪‬ﺨﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻫ‪‬ﻡ ﻜﻝﱠ ﺴ‪‬ﺎﺒِﻐﹶﺔٍ ﻏﹶﺩﻴﺭﺍﹰ‬
‫ﻓﻼﻗﺕ ﻋﻥ ﻀﻐﺎﺌﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﺸﺘﻐﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻤﻸﺕﹶ ﺒﻪ ﺼ‪‬ﺩﻭﺭﺍﹰ ﻤﻥ ﺃُﻨﺎﺱٍ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﺪﻉ ﻣﺎ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﹶﻮ‪‬ﻝﹸ ﺷﻴﺨﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﳊﺴﲏ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻤ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﺞ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﺓ ﻓﹶﺩ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨﹸﻪ ﻻ ﻴ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻁﹶﻝُ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺼﻡ‪ ‬ﻤﻤﻁﻭﻝِ ﺍﻟﻜﹸﻌﻭﺏ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻗﺘﻀﻰ‬
‫ﺒﻴﺩﻱ‪ ‬ﻤﻨﻪ ﺃﻡ ﺫﹸﺒﺎﻝٌ ﻤ‪‬ﺸﹾﻌ‪‬ﻝ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﻗﱢﺩ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺃﻗﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺃَﺫﹶﺍﺒِﻝٌ‬
‫ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻝﱡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩ‪‬ﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﻴﻨﻬ‪‬ﻝُ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﱠﺼﻝ ﺃﻴ‪‬ﻨﻊ ﻋ‪‬ﻭﺩ‪‬ﻩ‬
‫ﺭ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺩ‪ ‬ﻭﻻ ﻴ‪‬ﺨﻔﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤ‪‬ﻘﹾﺘﹶﻝُ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﺠﺏ ﻟﻪ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱠﺠﻴﻊ ﺒﻁﹶﺭ‪‬ﻓﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻌﺮ‪ ‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﻛﺜﲑ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻊ ﻋﺸﺭ‬

‫ﺫﻜﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺒﻝ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﻓﻀ‪‬ﻞﹶ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺱ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺎﻏﹸﻞ ﺑﺄﻣﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﲝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻵﺭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺠﺤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ "ﻣﺎ ﻣﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ‬ﺃﻳﺪﻳ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺷ‪‬ﻲ‪‬ﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻼﺡ ﺇﻻ ﻭﻟﻠﻘﹶﻮ‪‬ﺱِ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔﹲ" ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪" :‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﺗ‪‬ﺨﺬﹶ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺘﻪ ﻗﻮﺳﺎﹰ ﻧ‪‬ﻔﹶﻰ ﺍﷲُ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﹶﻘﹾﺮ‪ ‬ﻣﺎ ﺩﺍﻣﺖ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺑﻴﺘﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﳜﻄﺐ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺘﻜﺊﹲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﺳﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪" :‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨﺘﻬ‪‬ﻰ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻦِ ﺍﻟﻘﹶﻮﺱ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻞ"‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻝ‬

‫‪77‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻏﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﻳﺔ ﻛﺜﲑ‪ .‬ﻋﻢ ﻋ‪‬ﻘﹾﺒﺔﹶ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺮٍ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﱪ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﺃﹶﻋِﺪ‪‬ﻭﺍ ﳍﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﻌﺘﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﹶﻻﹶ ﺇﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﻘﻮ‪‬ﺓﹶ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻲ‪."‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻌﺠﺒﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺭﺍﻣﻴﺎﹰ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﺎﹰ ﺳﺎﲝﺎﹰ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪" :‬ﻋﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﺃﺑﻨﺎﺀﻛﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻲ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻧِﻜﺎﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‪‬ﻭ‪."‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﺭﺁﻫﻢ ﻳﺮﻣﻮﻥ‪" :‬ﺍﺭﻣ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﻳﺎ ﺑﲏ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ! ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮﻛﻢ ﺭﺍﻣﻴﺎﹰ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪" :‬ﻣﻦ ﺭ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻰ ﺑﺴﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞِ ﺍﷲِ ﻣ‪‬ﺨﻄﺌﺎﹰ ﺃﻭ ﻣ‪‬ﺼﻴﺒﺎﹰ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺟ‪‬ﺮ ﻛﺮﻗﺒﺔٍ ﺃﻋ‪‬ﺘﻘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻣِﻦ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟﹶﺪِ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪" :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻴ‪‬ﺪﺧِﻞﹸ ﺑﺎﻟﺴ‪‬ﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪِ ﺛﻼﺛﺔﹶ ﻧ‪‬ﻔﹶﺮٍ ﺍﳉﻨ‪‬ﺔﹶ‪ :‬ﺻﺎﻧِﻌ‪‬ﻪ‪ ‬ﻳ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺴِﺐ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺻ‪‬ﻨﻌﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳋﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺍﻣِﻲ‪ ‬ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﹸﻤِﺪ‪ ‬ﺑﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﹶﺪ‪‬ﻯ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﻏﲑ‪‬‬
‫ﺳ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﱠﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺃﹸﺣ‪‬ﺪ‪" :‬ﻓﺪﺍﻙ‪ ‬ﺃﰊ ﻭﺃﻣﻲ"‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻟﺴﻌﺪ ﻭﻷﰊ ﻃﻠﺤﺔﹶ ﻭﻗﺘ‪‬ﺎﺩﺓﹶ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻣﺎﺓ‪" :‬ﺍﺛﺒﺘﻮﺍ! ﻓﻠﻦ ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺛﺒﺘ‪‬ﻢ"‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﺓ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﲬﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺭﺍﻣﻴﺎﹰ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﲢﺼﻰ‪ .‬ﻭﷲ ﺩ‪‬ﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﺇﺫ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺤﺼ‪‬ﻝُ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺯﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﻪ‪‬‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻥ ﺸﺎﺀ‪ ‬ﻴﺴﻠﻙ‪ ‬ﺴ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻴﻪ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻼ ﻴﺘﻌﺩ‪ ‬ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﺭﻤﺎﻴﻪ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻴ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﻅﹶﻰ ﺒﻜﻝ ﺜﻭﺍﺏ ﺠﺯﻴﻝ‬
‫ﻭﻨﺼﺭﺍﹰ ﻟﺩﻴﻥ ﻨﺒﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻬﺩﺍﻴﻪ‪‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩ‪‬ﻨﹶﻰ ﺭِﻓﻌﺔﹰ‬

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‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﻮﺱ ﻣﻦ ﻧ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻊ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ "ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻔﺮﺍﺀ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻮﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻮﺣﻂٍ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ‬
‫"ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺣﺎﺀ" ﻭﻗﻮﺱ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻮﺣﻂ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ "ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎﺀ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻮﺱ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ "ﺍﻟﻜﹶﺘ‪‬ﻮﻡ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘِﺴِﻰ‪ ‬ﺟﻨﺴﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﺱ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻮﺱ ﻟﻠﺮ‪‬ﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻹﻓﺮﳒﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ‬
‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ "ﺇﱃ" ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺃﹶﻧ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﺐ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﻔﺎﺭﺱ‪ ،‬ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﺳ‪‬ﺮﻉ‪ ‬ﻭﺃﻗﻞﱡ ﻣﺌﻮﻧﺔﹰ؛ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺱ ﺍﻹﻓﺮﳒﻴﺔ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﺐ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﺮﺍﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﺑﻠﻎﹸ ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ‪‬‬
‫ﻣ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻮﻧﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺳﻴ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺼﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﻛﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺷﺒﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺧﺎﺻ‪‬ﺔﹲ ﺑﺄﻫﻞ ﺍﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ‪ ،‬ﺎ ﻳﺼﻴﺪﻭﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪﻭﻥ ﻓﹸﺮﺳﺎﻧﺎﹰ ﻭﺭﺟﺎﻻﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻧ‪‬ﺼِﻒ‪ ‬ﻫﻨﺎ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲُ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪.‬‬

‫‪78‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

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‫ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺱ ‪ -‬ﺃﻋ‪‬ﲏ ﺍﻹﻓﺮﳒﻴﺔ ‪ -‬ﺗﺘﺄﻟﻒ ﻣﻦ ﻋ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻮﺩ ﻭﻗﹶﻀﻴﺐ ﻭﺟ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺯ‪‬ﺓٍ ﻭﻣﻔﹾﺘﺎﺡ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩ ﻗﺒﻞﹸ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﹾﺮ‪‬ﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺳ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻲ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﳉﺮ‪‬ﻱِ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻬﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺣﻪ ﻃﺎﻟﻌﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﳉﻮﺯﺓ ﻳﺮﻣﻲ ﺳﻬﺎﻣﺎﹰ ﻋِﺪ‪‬ﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻠﺔ‪ .‬ﰒ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺩ ﰲ ﺯﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻤﺮﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳ‪‬ﻤﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﺍﹰ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻋﻤﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﺛﻘﺎﺏ‪ :‬ﺛ ﹾﻘﺐ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺛﻘﹾﺐ‪ ‬ﺍﳊﻠﹾﻖِ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻟﻠﺤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﻞﱡ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻠﱠﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺰﺭﻳﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻓﹸﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱰﻭﻝ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺐ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻟﺴﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺛﻘﺐ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺩﻳﻌﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﺠ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺯﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺛﻘﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﹸﻔﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻳﺎﺳﺔِ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺐ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺛﻘﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻴﻒ ﻭﺍﳊِﻤﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﻟﻠﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺛﻘﺐ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔﹶ ﻭﺍﳍﻴﺌﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﺮﺍﺭ‪ .‬ﻓﻤﻨﻪ ﺗﻨﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺭ‪‬ﻭﺣﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﲰﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺐ ﻗﻀﻴﺒﺎﹰ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﻨﻜﺢ ﰲ ﲬﺴﺔ ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﰲ ﻭﺳﻄﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﰲ ﺃﻃﺮﺍﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺮﺍﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺮﰊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻮﻳﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﲰﻲ ﺍﳉﻮﺯﺓ ﺟﻮﺯﺓ ﳉﻮﺍﺯ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺎﻣﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﳉﻮﺯﺓ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺎﺡ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻘﻠﺐ ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺳﺮ ﻭﰲ ﺍﳉﻮﺯﺓ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﺎ ﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﲰﻲ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺣﺎﹰ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﻔﺘﺢ ﺃﺳﺮﺍﺭ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻧﺎﻩ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺃﺳﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺱ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ‪ :‬ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻌﻘﻞ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻘﻞ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺶ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻤﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳉﻮﺯﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺼﻮﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻲ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺼﻮﻝ ﺃﺣﺪﻫﺎ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺱ ﻣﺄﺧﻮﺫ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻌﺔ؛ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﳌﺎ ﻧﻈﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺟﻮﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺱ ﺑﻠﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺘﻨﻔﺲ ﻛﺘﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﻣﻠﻜﺎﹰ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﲤﻠﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻣﻲ ﺧﺎﻑ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﺨﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳜﺎﻓﻪ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺴﻰ ﺗﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻋﻴﺪﺍﻥ‪ :‬ﲬﺴﺔ ﺑﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﲬﺴﺔ ﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻟﱪﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﺨﺶ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻊ ﺑﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻧﺒﻮﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺩﺍﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﱪ‪.‬‬

‫‪79‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺴﺘﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ‪‬ﻧﺞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻔﱠﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻔﹼﺮ‪‬ﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﻡ ﺘﹶﺭ‪‬ﻉ‪ ‬ﺤﻕﱠ ﺤﻤﺎﺌﻡ ﺍﻷﻏﺼﺎﻥِ‬ ‫ﻋ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺎﹰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻤﺔ ﺇﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻜﺫﺍﻙ ﺤ‪‬ﻜﹾﻡ‪ ‬ﺘﺼﺭ‪‬ﻑِ ﺍﻷﺯﻤﺎﻥِ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺕ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺤ‪‬ﺘﹾﻔﺎﹰ ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻤ‪‬ﺄﻟﹶﻔﺎﹰ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﻗﺎﻕ‪:‬‬
‫ﻤﺸﻐﻭﻓﺔٍ ﺒﻤﻘﹶﺎﺘﻝِ ﺍﻷﻋﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺩﺍﺀ‪ ‬ﻟﹶﻨﹾﺒﻌﺔ ﺯ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺭﺍﺀِ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ‪ ‬ﺘﺄﻟﻔﻬﺎ ﺒﻜﺴﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃَﻟِﻔﹶﺕﹾ ﺤ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺎﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻴﻙِ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻨﹶﻀﻴﺭﺓﹲ‬
‫ﻭﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺱ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻮﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺮﺏ؛ ﻭﻟﻘﻄﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﹶﺼ‪‬ﻼﻥ‪ :‬ﺗ‪‬ﻘﻄﻊ‬
‫ﰲ ﻓﺼﻞ ﲰﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺘﺎﺀ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻬﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻔﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺘﻢ ﺭﺿﺎﻋﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗ‪‬ﻘﻄﻊ ﰲ ﻓﺼﻞ ﲰﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻴﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻻﺿﻄﺮﺍﺭ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻷﺻﻠﻲ ﻫﻮ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﹸﻀﺒﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﻘﻄﻊ ﰲ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻓﻬﻮ ﰲ ﺣﻘﻬﺎ ﻧ‪‬ﻘﺼﺎﻥ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺱ ﺗ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑﻂﹸ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻬﲔ‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺻﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻓﺮﻉ‪ .‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻓﻬﻢ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻧﻔﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﻳﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻠﱢﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺍﻣﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺩﺭﺟﺔﹲ ﺯﺍﺋﺪﺓﹲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻴ‪‬ﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻣﻲ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺔﹶ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳ‪‬ﺰﻳﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﻳﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﱢﻢ ﻧ‪‬ﻮﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﲑﺑﻄﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ‬
‫ﻏﹸﻢ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻗﺎﺳ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺎﺑﻂ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺻِﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺑﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳ‪‬ﻔﹾﺘ‪‬ﺢ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﺑﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗ‪‬ﻔﹾﺘ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺢ ﻃﹶﺮﻓﹶﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺮﻑ ﺍﻷﺳﻔﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻘﺐ ﺍﳊﻠﻖ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺗﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﰲ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺁﺧِﺮِ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺪﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﻃﻠﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﺗﺴﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻥ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻃﹶﺮ‪‬ﻑ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﺑﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺭ ﻓﻬﻮ ﳐﻔﻮﺽ ﻓﺎﺭﻓﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻧﻘﹶﺺ‪ ‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻉ ﻓﺎﺧﻔﻀﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻟﺮﺑﻄﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻟﺰ‪‬ﺍﺯ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﺛﻨﲔ ﻗﹶﺪ‪‬ﺍﹰ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﻋ‪‬ﻮﺩ ﻃﻴﺐٍ ﻓﱴٍّ ﻳﺸﺪ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺐ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺭﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺼﻤﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻠﺪ‬
‫ﺃﻳ‪‬ﻞِ ﺫﹶﻛﹶﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﻄﻮﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﳉﻠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ﻓﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳉﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺭﻛﺎﺑﺎﹰ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺐ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻠﻖ ﻓﹶﺤﻮ‪‬ﻝﹾ ﻳﺪﻙ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺎﻟﻌﺎﹰ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﳊﻚ‪ ‬ﻭﺁﺧِﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻞِ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﺪﺃ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺑﻄﻪ ﻭﺑﻀﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﱠﻠﺰﺍﺯﻳﻦ‪:‬ﺍﳌﹶﻴ‪‬ﺎﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﹶﻴ‪‬ﺎﺳﺮ‪ ،‬ﻟﺌﻼ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﳊﻦ؛ ﰒ ﺃﹶﻭﺗﺮﻩ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﳉﺒﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻗﻴﻖ‬

‫‪80‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺮﺗﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧ‪‬ﺬ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﺎﻑ ﺑﻴﺪﻙ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﻳﺪﻙ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲎ ﲢﺖ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﻌﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺗﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻃﻠﻊ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﰒ ﺃﹶﻭ‪‬ﻗِﻌ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻹ‪‬ﺎﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻚ ﺑﺴﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺣﻮ‪‬ﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺱ ﻭﺍﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻳﺪﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ ﻭﺭﻛﱢﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻢ ﻭﺍﺭ‪‬ﻡِ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺣ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺖ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﺄﻥ‪ :‬ﺃﹶﻭ‪‬ﻗِﻊ‪ ‬ﲝِﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﹸﺮ ﺑﻌِﻠﹾﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻗﹾﺮ‪‬ﺹ‪ ‬ﺑﻐ‪‬ﻀ‪‬ﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺷ‪‬ﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣ‪‬ﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺻﺢ‪ ‬ﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺃﹶﺛﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﺑﺴﻬﻤﻪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺑﺒﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ ﺭ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻼ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺭ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺖ ﻓﺘﻌﻮ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺣ‪‬ﻜﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻭﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭ‪‬ﺍﻡٍ ﻗﺪ‪‬ﻡٍ ﺟﺮ‪ ‬ﻗﻮﺳﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ! ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻨﻈﺮ؟‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻟﹶﻌ‪‬ﻠﱢﻲ ﺃﹶﻋ‪‬ﺮﺽ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ! ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺍِﺭ‪‬ﻡِ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻬﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ‪‬ﻄﹾﻠﹶﺐ‪ ‬ﺻﺎﺣﺒ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﺓ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳉﱠﺮﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﹶﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻣﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳉﺮﺃﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﻻ ﲡﺘﻤﻊ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳋﺼﺎﻝ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻣﺎﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺟﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺱ ﻣ‪‬ﺨ‪‬ﻮﻑ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺯﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺘﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺣﺬﺭﺍﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻣﻲ ﻟﺸﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺬﺭﺍﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺐ ﳊﺴﻮﻣﺘﻪ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻀﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻗﻲ‪ ‬ﻳ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﻠﺢ ﻟﻠﺸﺘﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﰊ ﻳﺼﻠﺢ ﻟﻠﺼﻴﻒ‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﻨﺖ ﰲ ﺯﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺘﺎﺀ ﻓﺎﺟﻌﻞ ﻗﹶﻮﺳﻚ ﻟﻠﺸﻤﺲ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺮﻃﺐ ﻭﺗﻠﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺭ‪‬ﻡِ ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻮﻡ‪ ‬ﻗﹶﺮٍّ ﻓﻼ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﻻ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺰﻭ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﻨﺖ ﰲ ﺯﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻒ ﻓﺎﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺭﺩ ﺣﱴ ﺗﱪﺩ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﺭ‪‬ﻡِ ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺄﻥ ﻛﻠﱡﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺒ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻛﺔ ﰲ ﻗﹶﺮ‪‬ﺹِ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺎﺡ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻭﺟﻪ‪ :‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺿﺒﻄﹸﻪ ﺳﻠﺴﺎﹰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﹶﺮﺻ‪‬ﻪ ﻟﻴﻨﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺿﺒﻄﻪ ﺑ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥﹸ ﻗﹶﺮﺻ‪‬ﻪ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ‪ .‬ﻓﻬﻢ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻮ‪‬ﻭﻥ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳋﺎﲤﺔ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﹶﺮ‪‬ﺹ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﺍﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺱ‪ ‬ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻮﻱ ﻃﺮﻓﺎﻫﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻳ‪‬ﻜﹾﻤ‪‬ﻞﹶ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﺄ ‪‬ﺣﺬﹶﺭ‪ ‬ﺳﺖ‪ ‬ﺧﺼﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ‪‬ﺎ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﰲ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻌﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺗﺮ ﺍﳋﹶﺸِﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻘﺺ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻲ ﻭﻳﻜﺴﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﻣﺘﻼﺀ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳋﺸ‪‬ﺐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﲢﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮﻗﻴﻖ ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﳑﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻣﺎﺓ ﻓﺮﺽ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﺟﺐ ﺣ‪‬ﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻮ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺮ‪ .‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﻗﻮﺳﺎﹰ ﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﻓﻼ ﺗ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﺮﻫﺎ ﺑِﻮ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺸﻴﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﺰﻭ ﻓﺜﻘﱢﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﺩ ﻭﺧﻔﱢﻒ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺰﺍﺋﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﺱ ﺍﳋﻔﻴﻔﺔ ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﱠﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪81‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻓﻘﻒ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻚ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﺗﺮﻯ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻟﻌﻠﻚ ﺗﻔﺾ ﲟﻦ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﺘﻜﻦ ﺳﻬﺎﻣ‪‬ﻚ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺔﹶ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻏﺰﺍﻟﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺭﻗﺎﻕ‪ ‬ﺑﻴﻮﺕِ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻳﺶ‪ ،‬ﻓﹶﺮ‪‬ﺩﻳ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﻮﺍﻕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺣﺬﺭ ﺳﺒﻊ ﺧﺼﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺭﺟﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻢ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﻓِﺼ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﹸﻮﻕِ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﻨﻴﺐ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳉﻮﺯﺓ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﺳ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻮ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺘﺒ‪‬ﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺐ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﻣﺘﻼﺀ ‪ -‬ﻭﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺫﻛﺮﳘﺎ ‪ -‬ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺴ‪‬ﻞ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﺍﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﻳﺔ ﺻ‪‬ﻨﻌﺔﹲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ‪ ‬ﺳ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﺮﺏ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻌﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﺎﻡ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ "ﺩﻟﻴﻼﹰ" ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ "ﺑﺎﻧﻴﺎﹰ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚﹶ "ﻇﹶﻬ‪‬ﻮﺭﺍﹰ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ "ﻃﺎﻟﺒﺎﹰ" ﻭﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬
‫"ﺿﺎﺭﺑﺎﹰ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ "ﺳ‪‬ﺪ‪ ‬ﺫﺭﻳﻌﺔ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺭﻣﻴﺖ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻣﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﱐ ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﲢﺘﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻣﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻈﱠﻬﻮﺭ‪ ‬ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﳝﻴﻨﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻣﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﻳ‪‬ﺴﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﻓﺎﺭ‪‬ﻡِ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﺭﺏ ﻛﺎﲰﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻧﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‪ ‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﶈﻘﱠﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫ‪‬ﻮ‪ ‬ﺳ‪‬ﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺭﻣﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ ﻭﱂ ﻳ‪‬ﺼِﺐ‪ ‬ﺑﺄﺣﺪﻫﺎ ﻓﹶﺮِﻣﺎﻳﺘﻪ‪ ‬ﺧِﺪﺍﺝ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺘﻌﺎﻫ‪‬ﺪِ ﺍﻟﺮﻣ‪‬ﻲ‪ ‬ﺃﹶﺑ‪‬ﺪﺍﹰ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﺑﺎﺛﻨﲔ ﻓﺸﻐﻠﻪ ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺗ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﺑﺄﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺣﺎﺯ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻬﻰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺩﻋﻮﺓ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻟﺴﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﱠﺎﺹٍ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺳ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﻢ ﺭﻣﻰ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﻏﺰﻭﺓ ﺑﺪﺭ ﺍﻷَﺑ‪‬ﻮﺍﺀ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪:‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺕﹸ ﺼ‪‬ﺤﺎﺒﺘﻲ ﺒﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﻨﹶﺒ‪‬ﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ ﻫ‪‬ﻝَ ﺃﺘﻰ ﺭﺴﻭﻝَ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺴﻬﻡ ﻴﺎ ﺭﺴﻭﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻗﹶﺒﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺘﺩ‪ ‬ﺭﺍﻡ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ ﻋﺩﻭٍّ‬
‫ﺒﻜﻝ ﺤ‪‬ﺯﻭﻨﺔ ﻭﺒﻜﻝ ﺴ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﻝِ‬ ‫ﺃﺫﻭﺩ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺃﻭﺍﺌﻠﻬﻡ ﺫِﻴﺎﺩﺍﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺫﻭ ﺤﻕ ﺃﺘﻴﺕﹶ ﺒﻪ ﻭﻋ‪‬ﺩﻝِ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺩﻴﻨﻙ ﺩﻴِﻥ‪ ‬ﺼِﺩﻕ‬

‫ﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﱠﺎﺭ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤ‪‬ﻘﺎﻡ ﻤ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﻝِ‬ ‫ﻴ‪‬ﻨﺠ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻤﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﻪ ﻭﻴ‪‬ﺨﹾﺯﻱ‬

‫ﻏﹶﻭﻯ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺤﻲ‪ ‬ﻭﻴ‪‬ﺤﻙ ﻴﺎ ﺍﺒﻥ ﺠ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﻝِ !‬ ‫ﻓﹶﻤ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﻼﹰ ﻗﺩ ﻏﹶﻭِﻴﺕﹶ ﻓﻼ ﺘﹶﻌِﺒ‪‬ﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺧﺼﺎﻝ ﳏﻤﻮﺩﺓ ﺗﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﺸﺪ ﺍﳊﻚ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺷﻴﻮﺥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺼﲑ ﺣﻘﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺯ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ‪.‬‬

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‫‪82‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﻭﺍﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺪ ﺳﺒﻌﺔﹶ ﻋ‪‬ﺸ‪‬ﺮ‪ ‬ﺻِﻨﻔﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺼﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻠﻴﺎﻁ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺟﻔﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﻉ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺒﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺑ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﻠﹼﺚ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﺘ‪‬ﺮﺱ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺮﺑ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻄﺮﺍﻝ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﱡﻮﻃﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﱪﻱ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﺪ‪‬ﺭﻕ‪ :‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻠﻴﺎﻁ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺻﻐﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻤﻮﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻮﺍﻑ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻠﺤﺎﱐ ﻭﺍﺛﻨﺎﻥ ﳌﻌﻨﻴﲔ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ‪ :‬ﻭﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﺠﻮﻕ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺖ ﻭﺳﻬﻢ ﺍﳊﻤﻰ ﻭﻫﻮ ﳋﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻦ ﻭﺃﺑﺮﺍﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﻼ ﲣﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺻﻨﺎﻑ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹾﺘ‪‬ﻌﻠﱠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻓﻮﺍﻗﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻙ ﺃﻥ ﲤﺪ ﻳﺪﻙ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺎﻧﺘﻚ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﻭﲣﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪" :‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻲ ﺗﺮﺍﺵ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﺎﻡ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻳﻄﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻟﻮ ﺗﺘﺒﻌﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺒﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻣﻲ ﳋﺮﺟﻨﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻟﻴﻒ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﳑﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺱ‪:‬‬

‫ﺃُﺒﻴﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻷُﺴ‪‬ﺩ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺯ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻭﻥِ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻜﹶﺒﺩﻱ ﺴِﻬﺎﻡ‪ ‬ﺒﺎﻟﻤ‪‬ﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻓﹶﻭ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻝٌ ﻟﻠﻜﹸﻤﺎﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺒﺘﹸﺭ‪‬ﺱٍ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻭﻻ ﺩِﺭﻉ ﺤﺼﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺩ ﺜﹶﻠﱠﻤﺕﹾ ﺤ‪‬ﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻀﺏ‬
‫ﺸﹶﺭﻴﻙ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺌﺏ‬
‫ﺭﺃﻴﺘﻬ‪‬ﻡ ﺘﺤﺕ ﺍﻟِﻌﺘﹶﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﹼﻭﺍﺯﺏِ‬
‫ﺃﺼﺎﺨﻭﺍ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺨﹶﺭ‪‬ﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﻝ ﺠﺎﻨﺏِ‬
‫ﺤِﺴ‪‬ﺎﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺜﹶﻨﱢﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻗﹸﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺍﻋﺏ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘﹶﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﻗِﺴِﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺠﺏ!‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻤﻲ ﺃﺠ‪‬ﺎﺩ‪ ‬ﺒﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺭ‪‬ﻤﺎﻴﻪ‪‬‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺒ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺩِ ﻭﻴ‪‬ﺩﺭﻙ ﻜﻝ ﻏﺎﻴﺔﹾ‬
‫ﺃﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺱ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻻ ﺸﻙ‪ ‬ﺃَﻨﱢﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻨﺎ ﺃﻗﻀﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺒﻁﺎﻝ ﻗِﺩ‪‬ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺴِﻬﺎﻡ‪ ‬ﻓﹸﻭ‪‬ﻗﺕ ﻟﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻜﻤﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻓﻭ‪‬ﻗﺕﹸ ﺴﻬﻤﻲ ﻟﻴﺱ ﻴ‪‬ﻠﹾﻘﹶﻰ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ‪:‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻠﹸﻭﺍ ﺤ‪‬ﻠﹶﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺫﻱ‪ ‬ﻋﻥ ﺤﺩ‪ ‬ﺃَﺴ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﻡٍ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺒ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﻜﹸﻡ‪ ‬ﺃﻨﻲ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻝ ﺃﻭﺠﻔﺕﹾ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺴ‪‬ﻤِﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺒﻁﺎﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺭ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻉ ﻫﺯ‪‬ﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻜﺄﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻫﺘﺯﺍﺯﻱ ﻨﻔﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻭﺭ ﻜﻠﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺌﻥ ﻓﹶﺨﹶﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺨﻁﱢﻲ‪ ‬ﺇﻥ ﺸﹸﺒ‪‬ﻬﺕ ﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻔﻲ ﺃﺴﻬﻡ ﺍﻷﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻟﻠﻔﺨﺭ ﻤﺴﺭﺡ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ‪:‬‬
‫ﺴِﻬﺎﻤﻲ ﻨﺎﻓﺫﺍﺕﹲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻋ‪‬ﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺃُﻗﻴﻡ‪ ‬ﺒﻜﻔﻪ ﻭﻴﺼﻴﺭ ﺴ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﻤﻲ‬

‫‪83‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻴﻑﹸ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﱠﺩ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻴﻪ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﺭﻤﺢ‪ ‬ﻴﻔﻌﻝُ ﻤﺜﻝَ ﻓﻌﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻓﻜﱠﺭ‪‬ﺕﹶ ﻟﻴﺱ ﻟﻪ ﻨِﻬﺎﻴﻪ‪‬‬ ‫ﻓﹶﺨﹶﺭ‪‬ﺕﹸ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﺒﺫﺍ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻀﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﻷﺴﻬﻤﻲ ﻓﹶﻀ‪‬ﻼﹰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪِ‬ ‫ﺫﹶﺭِ ﺍﻟﹾﺨﹶﻁﱢﻰ‪ ‬ﻴ‪‬ﺜﹾﻨِﻲ ﻤِﻌ‪‬ﻁﹶﻔﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺃﻴﻔﻀﻝ ﻏﹶﻴ‪‬ﺭ ﺃَﺴ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﻋِﻨﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻼ ﻗﹶﺘﹾﻝَ ﺍﻷﻋﺎﺩِﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺱ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻳﻄﻮﻝ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﺱ ﻓﺄﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻲ‪ ‬ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺣﻮﺍﳍﺎ ﻣﺘﻔﻨﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪‬ﺎ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺑ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﻂٍ ﻻ ﳛﺘﻤﻠﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻠﺮﻣﺎﻳﺔ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻴﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﲝﺴﺐ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻴﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳ‪‬ﺨﻒ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻋ‪‬ﻤﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻣﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻔﹶﺮﺱ‪ ‬ﺍﳊﹶﺴ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ‪" ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺱ" ﺍﳌﺘﺄﺗﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺮ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﹶﺮ‪‬ﺱ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺎﷲ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻤﻥ ﻋﺸﺭ‬

‫ﺫﻜﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﻭﻉ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺪ ﻋ‪‬ﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻧﻌﻢ ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻔﺴﺮﻭﻥ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ "ﻭﺳ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺍﺑِﻴﻞﹶ‬
‫ﺗ‪‬ﻘِﻴﻜﹸﻢ‪ ‬ﺑﺄﹸﺳ‪‬ﻜﻢ‪ :"‬ﺇ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﻉ‪ .‬ﻭﺇ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﺘﺪﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﺗ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺍﺧﻰ ﺍﻷﺟﻞﹶ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﹸﺼ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻭﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺳﺄﻟﻪ‪ ‬ﺭﺟﻞ‪ :‬ﺃﻱ ﺩﺭﻉ ﻛﻨﺖ‪ ‬ﲢﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻠﻘﻰ ﻋﺪﻭﻙ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺃﹶﺟ‪‬ﻞٍ ﻣ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺄﺧِﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺩﺭﻉ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ‪" :‬ﺫﺍﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻔﹸﻀ‪‬ﻮﻝ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺩﺭﻉ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﻠﻘﺖ‬
‫ﺑ‪‬ﺰ‪‬ﺭﺍﻓﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﱂ ﲤﺲ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﺳﻠﺖ ﻣﺴ‪‬ﺖ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻻ ﻳﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﺇﻻ ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺩِﺭ‪‬ﻋﺎﻥ ﺃﺻﺎ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ ﻗﹶﻴ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻘﹶﺎﻉ‪ .‬ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻹﺣﺪﺍﳘﺎ "ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻐﺪﻳﺔ"‪ .‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﻉ‪ ‬ﺩ‪‬ﺍﻭ‪‬ﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻗﹶﺘ‪‬ﻞِ ﺟ‪‬ﺎﻟﹸﻮﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭ‪‬ﻭِﻱ ﺃﻥ ﻟﹸﻘﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻴﻢ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﳚﺎﻟﺲ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻳﺼﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺭِ ﻟﻘﻤﺎﻥﹸ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ؛ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﻛﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻟﹶﺒِﺴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺇ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﹶﺤِﺼ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﻟِﻴﻮﻡ ﺑﺄﺱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌِﻠﻢ‪ ‬ﻟﻘﻤﺎﻥﹸ ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﺃﻣ‪‬ﺮﻫ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺴﻤﺎﺌﻬﺎ ﻭﻨﻌﻭﺘﻬﺎ‬

‫ﻓﻤﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ "ﺍﳉﹸﻨ‪‬ﻦ" ﻭﻛﻞﱡ ﻣﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻘﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺟ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺔ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﱠﻸﻣﺔ"‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳍﺎ ﻓﹸﻀﻮﻝ‪ .‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻬﻲ "ﺯ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻔﺔ" ﰒ "ﻧ‪‬ﺜﹾﺮﺓ"‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﻧ‪‬ﺜﻠﹾﺔ"‪ .‬ﰒ "ﻓﻀ‪‬ﻔﺎﺿﺔ" ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻊ ﺳﻌﺘﻪ ﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺿﻴﻘﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ‬

‫‪84‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫"ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻚ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻴ‪‬ﻨﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ "ﺧ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺑﺎﺀ" ﻭ "ﺩِﻻﹶﺹ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣ‪‬ﺤﻜﻤﺔﹰ ﺻ‪‬ﻠﺒﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ "ﻗﹶﻀ‪‬ﺎﺀ"‪ ،‬ﻭ‬
‫"ﺣ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﺪﺍﺀ"‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻞ ﻓﻬﻲ "ﺫﺍﺋﻞ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻬﻲ "ﻣﺎﺫﱠﻳﺔ"‪ .‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﺫﻳ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺴﺎﻣﲑﻫﺎ "ﺍﳊﹶﺮ‪‬ﺍﰊ" ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎ "ﺣِﺮ‪‬ﺑﺎﹶﺀ" ﻭﺭﺀﻭﺱ ﻣﺴﺎﻣﲑﻫﺎ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﻘﹶﺘﲑ" ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎ "ﻗﹶﺘِﲑﺓ" ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﺸ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻬﺔﹸ ﺑﻌﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫ﳉﺮ‪‬ﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻋ‪‬ﻔﺔ" ﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﺘﺪﺍﺧﻠﺔ ﺣ‪‬ﻠﹾﻘﺘﲔ ﺣ‪‬ﻠﹾﻘﺘﲔ‪ .‬ﻭﺣ‪‬ﻠﹶﻘﻬﺎ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺩ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﺎﺋﺢ ﻣﺜﻘﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﹶ‬
‫"ﻣﺴﺮﻭﺩﺓ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺟﺔ ﻣﺮﻣﻮﻟﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ "ﺟ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻻﺀ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﺼﲑﺓ ﻓﻬﻲ "ﺷﻠﻴﻞ" ﻭ "ﺑ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻥ"‪ .‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺻﺪﺭﺍﹰ ﺑﻐﲑ ﻇﻬﺮ ﻓﻬﻲ "ﺟ‪‬ﻮﺷ‪‬ﻦ‪ ."‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻠﻮﻗﻴﺔ" ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺑﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺳ‪‬ﻠﻮﻕ" ﻗﺮﻳ‪‬ﺔٍ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﻭ‬
‫"ﺍﳊﹸﻄﹶﻤﻴﺔ" ﻣ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺴﻮﺑﺔﹲ ﺇﱃ "ﺣ‪‬ﻄﹶﻤﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻓﺼﻰ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻔﹾﺮﻋ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻧﻴﺔ"ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺑﺔ ﺇﱃ‬
‫"ﻓِﺮ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻥ"‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻭﺩﻳﺔ" ﺗﻨﺴﺐ ﺇﱃ "ﺩﺍﻭﺩ" ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﳑﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺭﻉ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻱ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﻠﻡ ﻴﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺤِﻴﻥ‪ ‬ﺩ‪‬ﺍﻡ‪ ‬ﺴ‪‬ﻜﹸﻭﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﹶﺩِﻴﺭ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﺸﹶﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺢ‪ ‬ﻭِﺸﻴﺔﹶ ﺼﺎﹶﻨﻊ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﺩ‪ ‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻨﺎﻅﺭ ﻴِﺴ‪‬ﺘﹶﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺩ‪‬ﺒﻲ ﻏﹶﺭ‪‬ﻗﹶﻰ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻏﻴﺭ‪ ‬ﺃﻋﻴ‪‬ﻥٍ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻟﻡ ﻴ‪‬ﻐﺜﻪ ﺴِﻴﻔﹸﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺴ‪‬ﻔِﻴﻨﹸﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﺤ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺒ‪‬ﺭ‪ ‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﺴﺎﻟﻡ‬
‫ﻟﹶﺨﹸﻠﱢﺩ ﻤﺎ ﺩﺍﻤﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻏﹸﻀ‪‬ﻭﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻭ ﻟﻡ ﻴ‪‬ﻀ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻟﻠﺴ‪‬ﻠﻡ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ‬
‫ﻭﻻﻗﺘﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﻡ ﺘﹶﻐﹸﻠﹾﻬﺎ ﻤ‪‬ﻨﹸﻭﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻭ ﻋ‪‬ﻠِﻤ‪‬ﺕﹾ ﻨﻔﺱ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻰ ﻴﻭﻡ‪ ‬ﺤﺘﻔﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻻﻗﻴﺕ ﺤ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺒﺎﹰ ﻟﻡ ﻴ‪‬ﺨﹸﻨﹾﻙ‪ ‬ﺃﻤﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃَﻤﻭﻥ‪ ‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃَﻭ‪‬ﺩﻋﺕ ﻨﻔﺴ‪‬ﻙ ﺠﺴﻤﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺲ ﺑﻦ ﺧ‪‬ﻔﹶﺎﻑ‪:‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺘﹶﺴ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻊ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﺴ‪‬ﻴﻑ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺼﻠﻴﻼ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺒﻐﺔٍ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻴﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﻭ‬
‫ﻴ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺠ‪‬ﺞِ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻀﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻜﻤِﺜﹾﻝِ ﺍﻟﻐﺩﻴﺭ ﺯ‪‬ﻓﹶﺘﹾﻪ ﺍﻟﺩ‪‬ﺒﻭﺭ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺇﺳ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﺎﻕ ﺑﻦ ﺧ‪‬ﻔﹶﺎﺟ‪‬ﺔ ﻳﺼﻒ ﻻﹶﺑِﺲ ﺩِﺭ‪‬ﻉ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﻗﹶﺎﺀ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ ﻏﹶﺒ‪‬ﺵ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﺎﺝ ﺍﻷﻗﹾﺘﹶﻡِ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺠ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺏ ﺤﻤﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‪ ‬ﻭﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻬﺔ ﻓﻭﻕ ﻋِﻁﹾﻔﹶﻲ‪ ‬ﺃﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺄﻥ‪ ‬ﺠِﻠﹾﺩ‪‬ﺓﹶ ﺤ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺔٍ ﺨﹸﻠﻌﺕ ﺒﻪ‬

‫ﻓﺼﻝ‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻔﺨﺮ ﻭﻳﺘﻤﺪﺡ ﺑﻠﺒﺲ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻉ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻨﺘﺮ ﹸﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺭﺱ‪:‬‬

‫‪85‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﻋﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻷﺸﹶﺎﺠِﻊ ﺸﺎﹶﺤﺏٍ ﻜﺎﻟﻤ‪‬ﻨﹾﺼ‪‬ﻝِ‬
‫ﻟﻡ ﻴﺩ‪‬ﻫﻥ‪ ‬ﺤ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻻﹰ ﻭﻟﻡ ﻴ‪‬ﺘﹶﺭ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﻝِ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻜﹾﺘﹶﺴ‪‬ﻰ ﻭﻜﺫﺍﻙ ﻜﻝّ ﻤﺤﺎﺭﺏ ﻤ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﺘﹶﺒ‪‬ﺴِﻝِ‬
‫ﺼﺩﺃُ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺒﺠﻠﺩﻩ ﻟﻡ ﻴ‪‬ﻐﹾﺴ‪‬ﻝِ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺘﻤﺪﺡ ﺑﻀﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻳﺮﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻉ ﻣ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺒﺔﹲ ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺸ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﻠﺔﹲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻘﺘﺤﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﺩ‪‬ﻭﻥ ﺩِﺭﻉ ﺃﺷﺠﻊ‪،‬‬
‫ﺨﹶﺭ‪‬ﺴﺎﺀ‪ ‬ﻴ‪‬ﺨﺸﻰ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺌﺩﻭﻥ ﻨﻬﺎﹶﻟﹶﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻜﺭﻭﻫﺔٍ ﻴﺨﺸﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﺓﹸ ﻨﺯﺍﻟﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻴﻑ ﺘﻀﺭﺏ ﻤ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻠِﻤ‪‬ﺎﹰ ﺃﺒﻁﺎﻟﹶﻬ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺨﺎﻟﻘﹸﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻴﻙ‪ ‬ﻗﹶﻀ‪‬ﻰ ﻟﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻴ‪‬ﻘﻴﻡ ﻫ‪‬ﺎﻤ‪‬ﺘﻪ ﻤ‪‬ﻘﺎﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤِﻐﹾﻔﺭِ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻘﺭﺕﹸ ﺭ‪‬ﻜﹾﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﺩِ ﺇﻥ ﻟﻡ ﺘﹸﻌ‪‬ﻘﹶﺭ !‬
‫ﻋ‪‬ﺠِﺒ‪‬ﺕﹾ ﻋ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻠﹶﺔﹸ ﻤﻥ ﻓﺘﻰ‪ ‬ﻤﺘﺒﺫﱢﻝ‬
‫ﺸﹶﻌ‪‬ﺙِ ﺍﻟﻤ‪‬ﻔﹶﺎﺭﻕ ﻤ‪‬ﻨﹾﻬ‪‬ﺞٍ ﺴﺭﺒﺎﻟﹸﻪ‬
‫ﻻ ﻴ‪‬ﻜﹾﺘﺴﻲ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺩ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﺩ ﻁﺎﻝ ﻤﺎ ﻟﹶﺒ‪‬ﺱ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺩ‪ ‬ﻓﺈﻨﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﻗﺘﺎﻟﻪ ﺃﺳﺮﻉ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻋﺸﻰ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺘﹶﺠﻲﺀ‪ ‬ﻜﺘﻴﺒﺔﹲ ﻤﻠﻤﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺄْﻭﻱ ﻁﻭﺍﺌُﻔﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻜﻨﺕﹶ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩ‪‬ﻡ ﻏﻴﺭ‪ ‬ﻻﺒِﺱِ ﺠ‪‬ﻨﱠﺔٍ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻤﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺱ ﺘﹶﻠﹾﻘﻰ‪ ‬ﺤ‪‬ﺘﹾﻔﹾﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﻠﻢٍ ﳝﺪﺡ ﺭ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻼﹰ‪:‬‬
‫ﻴ‪‬ﻠﹾﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻭﻑ ﺒﻭﺠﻬﻪ ﻭﺒﻨﹶﺤ‪‬ﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻭﻴﻘﻭﻝ ﻟﻠﻁﺭ‪‬ﻑ ﺍﺼﻁﺒﺭِ ﻟﺸﹶﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻓﺼﻝ‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﻉ "ﺍﳌِﻐ‪‬ﻔﹶﺮ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳ‪‬ﻨﺴﺞ ﻟﹶﺴ‪‬ﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻉ ﻳ‪‬ﻐﻄﱠﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﻳ‪‬ﺨﺎﻃﺐ ﻏﻼﻣﺎﹰ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﻨﱠﻌﺕ ﻭ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﻙ‪ ‬ﺒﺎﻟﻤِﻐﹾﻔﹶﺭِ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻤﺎ ﺍﻗﺘﺤﻤﺕﹶ ﺍﻟﻭﻏﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﻋﺎﹰ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻨِﻘﹶﺎﺏ‪ ‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻨﹾﺒﺭِ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺒﻨﺎ ﻤ‪‬ﺤﻴ‪‬ﺎﻙ ﺸﹶﻤ‪‬ﺱ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﻰ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﺻ‪‬ﻨﻊ ﻟﻠﺮﺃﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﻘﻮﺭ ﻓﻬﻲ "ﺑ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻀ‪‬ﺔﹲ"‪ .‬ﻭ "ﻗﹶﻮ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﻬﺎ"‪ :‬ﺃﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻣﻘﺪ‪‬ﻣﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺩﺍﺋﺮ‪‬ﺎ"‪ :‬ﻣ‪‬ﺆﺧ‪‬ﺮﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺔ "ﺧ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺫﺓ"‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺗ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻛﹶﺔﹲ"‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺗﺮﻳﻜﺔ"‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ"‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺧ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻀﻌﺔ"‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻊ "ﺧ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺫﹲ" ﻭ‬
‫"ﺗ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺍﺋﻚ"‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺴﻊ ﻋﺸﺭ‬

‫ﺫﻜﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺴﺔ ﻭﺸﺒﻬﻬﺎ‬

‫‪86‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺱ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌِﺠ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺗﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺋﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚٍ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻃﹶﻠﹾﺤﺔﹶ ﻳﺘﺘﺮ‪‬ﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺑﺘ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺱٍ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻝ‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﲰﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﲨﻌﺎﹰ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﺘِﺮ‪‬ﺍﺱ"‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﺍﳉﹶﻮ‪‬ﺏ"‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻔﹶﺮ‪‬ﺽ"‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﺍﳉﹸﻨ‪‬ﻦ‪" ،"‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﹶﺎﻥﱡ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎ "ﺗ‪‬ﺮﺱ"‪ ،‬ﻭ‬
‫"ﺟ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺏ‪ "‬ﻭ "ﻓﹶﺮ‪‬ﺽ"‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﻣِﺠ‪‬ﻦ‪ ،"‬ﻭ "ﻣ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺄ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻠﻮﺩ ﻓﻬﻲ "ﺩ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﻕ‪ ،"‬ﻭ "ﺣ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﻒ"‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﻳ‪‬ﻠﹶﺐ‪ ."‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎ "ﺩ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﻗﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﺣ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﻔﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﻳ‪‬ﻠﹶﺒ ﹶﺔ"‪ .‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ "ﺍﻟﻴ‪‬ﻠﹶﺐ‪ "‬ﻣ‪‬ﺪﺍﺭﻉ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ ﺟﻠﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺇ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﺒﻴﻀﺔ ﻟﻠﺮﺃﺱ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ "ﺍﳉﹶﺤ‪‬ﻒ"ﻣﻦ ﺧﺸﺐ‪ .‬ﻭ‬
‫"ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﻕ‪ "‬ﺗﺼﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻠﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺼﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺟ‪‬ﻠﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺶ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺟﻠﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻤﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﺣﺴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻣ‪‬ﻨﻌ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﹼﻠﻤﻂ‪ .‬ﻫﻮ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻏﺮﺍﺋﺐ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻳ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺤﺎﺭ‪‬ﻯ ﻳ‪‬ﺼﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻠﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺭﻕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺧﺎﺻﻴﺔ ﺩ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﻗﺔ ﺟﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﹼﻠﻤﻂ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺻﻴﺒﺖ ﺑﻀﺮﺑﺔ ﺳﻴﻒ ﺃﻭ ﺭﻣﺢ ﺍﻧﻐﻠﻘﺖ ﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﺮﺑﺔﹸ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻤﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻔﺖ ﻓﻼ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻝ‬

‫ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺮﺱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘ‪‬ﺮﺱ ﺑﻮﺳ‪‬ﻂ ﺗ‪‬ﺮﺳﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﻭﺍﳌﺰﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺪﻳﺮﻫﺎ ﳝﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺴﺮﺓ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﺎﹰ ﻋﻦ ﳏﺎﺫﺍﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻠﺼﻘﻪ ﺑﺒﺪﻧﻪ ﻣﱴ ﺧﺎﻑ ﻭﻗﻊ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺑﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺪﺭﺃ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﻋﻦ ﻓﺮﺳﻪ‬
‫ﰲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺗﻪ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﻠﻘﻰ ﺍﳊﺠﺮ ﺑﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺮﺱ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﻮﺭ‪‬ﻳﻪ ﻟﻴﺰﻝﱠ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺘﺮﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺢ ﲜﻤﻠﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻌﻈﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﺣﺲ‪ ‬ﺑﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺭ‪‬ﻯ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺤﺬﺭ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﲜﺴﻤﻪ ﻟﺌﻼ‬
‫ﻳﺼﺮﻋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺤﺬﺭ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﺭﻳﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳ‪‬ﺰِﻝﱠ ﻋﻨﻪ "ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻨﺎﻥ"‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺜﻮﺑﻪ‪ .‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﳛﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺪ‪‬ﺭﻗﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺘ‪‬ﺮﺱ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ‪ .‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺭﻗﺔ ﲢﺒﺲ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺢ ﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﺀ ﺟِﺮ‪‬ﻣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺠﺐ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻗﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺭﻳﺔ ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﺌﻼ ﺗ‪‬ﺜﹾﻘﹸﻞﹶ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﻓﻴﺘﻌﺬﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﺏ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺱ ﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻃﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﻗﺼﺮﻩ‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻃﻮﻳﻼﹰ ﻧﺰﻉ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻋ‪‬ﺮﻭﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻋِﻨﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ ﻭﺭﻛﺐ ﻭﻟﻴﺤﺬﺭ‪ ‬ﻣﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﹶﻗﹶﻨِﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺒﻠﻐﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻗﹶﺼ‪‬ﺮ‪ ‬ﻓﻠﻴﺄﺧﺬﻩ ﲢﺖ ﺇﺑﻄﻪ ﻭﻳ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻛﺐ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻸﺳ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺪ‬
‫ﺍﺑﻦ ﺑﻠﻴﻂ ﰲ ﺗ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺱ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﺘﻘﺼ‪‬ﺭ‪ ‬ﻋﻨﻪ ﻁﻭﺍﻝُ ﺍﻟﺭﻤﺎﺡ‪‬‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻥ‪ ‬ﺤ‪‬ﻜﹶﻰ ﺼﺎﻨﻌﻭﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ‬

‫‪87‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﻜﻭﺍﻜﺏ ﺘﹶﻘﹾﻀﻲ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺼﺎﻏﻭﺍ ﻤﺜﺎﻝَ ﺍﻟﺜﺭﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺠ‪‬ﻠﱠﻝَ ﺍﻷُﻓﹾﻕﹶ ﻀﻭﺀ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺡ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﻁﹶﻭ‪‬ﻗﻭﻩ ﺒﻁﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻠﱡﺠﻴ‪‬ﻥِ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻁﻼﻕ‬

‫ﻭﺍﲣﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﻣﻦ ﻓﹶﺮ‪‬ﺽِ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ "ﻭﺃﹶﻋِﺪ‪‬ﻭﺍ ﳍﹸﻢ‪ ‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﺳ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻄﹶﻌ‪‬ﺘﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﹸﻮ‪‬ﺓٍ"‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒ‪‬ﺎﺱ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻗﺘﻨﺎﺀ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﻮﺍﺟِﺪِ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﹶﺪ‪‬ﺭ ﳘﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺰﺓِ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺟﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻮﺍﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭ‪‬ﻭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺯﺟﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻣ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﺗ‪‬ﺨﺬ ﻋ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺓﹰ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ ﺟ‪‬ﻌﻠﺖ‬
‫ﰲ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻧﻪ ﻛﻞﱠ ﻏﹼﺪ‪‬ﺍﺓ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻮﺫﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺗ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺽ‪ ‬ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﲏ ﺁﺩﻡ ﻛﻞﱠ ﺍﺛﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞﱠ‬
‫ﲬﻴﺲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺯﺍﺩ ﰲ ﺳﻼﺣﻪ ﺯِﻳﺪ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺣﺴﻨﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻧ‪‬ﻘﺺ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ ﺳﻼﺣﻪ ﻧ‪‬ﻘِﺺ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ ﺣ‪‬ﺴﻨﺎﺗﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﹶﺪ‪‬ﺭِ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻈﱠﻔﹶﺮِ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺍﻧﻔﺴﺤﺖ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻠﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺩﻭﺍﺀً‬
‫ﻧﺘﺪﺍﻭﻯ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺭ‪‬ﻗﹰﻰ ﻧﺴﺘﺮﻗﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻳ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺩ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺪ‪‬ﺭِ ﺍﷲ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﻣِﻦ‪ ‬ﻗﺪ‪َ‬ﺭِ ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻝ‬

‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﻇﻞ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺢ‪ ‬ﺭِﺷ‪‬ﺎﺀُ ﺍﳌﻨﻴ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻬﺎﻡ ﻻ ﺗﺆﺍﻣﺮ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺃﺭﺳﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﻉ ﻣ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻌﺒﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺇ‪‬ﺎ ﳊﺼﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺱ ﻣِﺠ‪‬ﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﺄﻝ ﻋ‪‬ﻢ‪ ‬ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻋ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﻣ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺪ ﻳﻜﺮﺏ‪ ‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺴﺄﻝ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺪﺍ ﻟﻪ! ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺢ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﻮﻙ ﻭﺭﲟﺎ ﺧﺎﻧﻚ ﻓﺎﻧﻘﺼﻒ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻞ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﺎﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺗ‪‬ﺨﻄﻲﺀ ﻭﺗﺼﻴﺐ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺮﺱ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺍ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﺮ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺗ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺭﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺋﺮ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺭﻉ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣ‪‬ﺜﹾﻘﹶﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺮﺍﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣ‪‬ﺸ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﺎﺭﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇ‪‬ﺎ ﳊِﺼ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺣﺼﲔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺭﻋﺘﻚ‪ ‬ﺃﹸﻣ‪‬ﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻜﻞ! ﻻ ﺃﻡ ﻟﻚ! ﻓﻀﺮﺑﻪ ﻋ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺮ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﺪ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺑﻞ ﻻ ﺃﻡ ﻟﻚ! ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﹸﻤ‪‬ﻰ ﺃﺿﺮﻋﺘﲏ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ‪ ‬ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺣﺴﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺴﻠﻴﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﱠﻅﹶﻰ ﻋﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﺍﻫﻕ ﺃﻤ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻁﹸ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺴﺒﻲ‪ ‬ﻤﻥ ﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻝ ﺃﻋ‪‬ﻴﻁﹸ‬

‫‪88‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﻭﺃﺴﻤﺭ‪ ‬ﻋﺴ‪‬ﺎﻝُ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﻭﺏ ﻋ‪‬ﻨﹶﻁﹾﻨﻁﹸ‬
‫ﻴﻜﻔﹶﺘﹸﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﹼﻰ ﻨِﺠ‪‬ﺎﺩ‪ ‬ﻤﺨﻁﱠﻁﹸ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻔﱠﺠ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻁﺎﻑ ﺼﻔﺭﺍﺀ‪ ‬ﺸﹶﻭ‪‬ﺤﻁ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﹸﺠ‪‬ﺔٍ ﺘﻴ‪‬ﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻴ‪‬ﺘﹶﻐﹶﻁﹾﻐﹶﻁﹸ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﺃﻤﻴﺭ ﻤ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﻠﱠﻁﹸ‬
‫ﻗﻭﻝَ ﺍﻟﻐِﺭﺍﺭﻴﻥ ﻴ‪‬ﻘﹾﺼِﻡ ﺍﻟﺤ‪‬ﻠﹶﻘﹶﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺭ ﻤِﻥ‪ ‬ﻨِﺼ‪‬ﺎﻝٍ ﺘﺨﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻭﺭ‪‬ﻗﺎ‬
‫ﻤ‪‬ﺨﹾﻠﻭﻟﻕ ﺍﻟﻤ‪‬ﺘﹾﻥ ﺴﺎﺒﺤﺎﹰ ﺘﹶﺌِﻘﹶﺎ‬
‫ﻴﻙ ﻋِﻘﹶﺎﺒﺎﹰ ﺇﻥ ﺸﺌﺕﹶ ﺃﻭ ﻨﺯﻗﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺒﻴﺽ‪ ‬ﻤﻥ ﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻬﻨﱠﺩ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻴﻀﺎﺀ‪ ‬ﻜﺎﻟﻀ‪‬ﺤﻀﺎﺡ ﺯ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻑﹲ ﻤ‪‬ﻔﺎﻀﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻌﻁﻭﻓﺔﹸ ﺍﻷﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﻜﹶﺒ‪‬ﺩﺍﺀ ﺴ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺤﺔﹲ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺎ ﻟﻴﺕﹶ ﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺎ ﻗﺩ ﺠﻤﻌﺘﹸﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻴﺎ ﻟﻴﺘﻨﻲ ﺃُﻤ‪‬ﺴِﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﻫﺭ ﻟﻴﻠﺔﹰ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻴ‪‬ﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻰ ﰲ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻋﺩﺩﺕﹸ ﺒﻴﻀﺎﺀ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﺤﺭﻭﺏ ﻭﻤ‪‬ﺹ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﺎﺭﺠﺎﹰ ﻨﹶﺒ‪‬ﻌﺔﹰ ﻭﻤِﻝْﺀ ﺠﻑ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺭ‪‬ﻴﺤﻴ‪‬ﺎﹰ ﻋ‪‬ﻀ‪‬ﺒﺎﹰ ﻭﺫﺍ ﺨﹸﺼ‪‬ﻝٍ‬
‫ﻴﻤﻸ ﻋﻴﻨﻴﻙ ﺒﺎﻟﻔﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﻴ‪‬ﺭﺽ‬

‫ﻓﺼﻝ‬

‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻧﻔﺮﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺱ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﻧ‪‬ﻌِﺖ‪ ‬ﺑﻪ‪ .‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﻒ‪" :‬ﻣ‪‬ﺴِﻴﻒ‪ "‬ﻭ "ﺳﻴ‪‬ﺎﻑ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺎﺭﺏ ﺑﻪ‬
‫"ﺳﺎﺋﻒ"‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺢ "ﺭ‪‬ﺍﻣِﺢ" ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻨ‪‬ﺒﻞ "ﻧﺎﺑﻞ" ﻭ "ﻧ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺎﻝ"‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻨﺸ‪‬ﺎﺏ "ﻧﺎﺷﺐ"‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺪ‪‬ﺭﻉ "ﺩﺍﺭﻉ"‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺎﳌِﻐ‪‬ﻔﺮ‬
‫"ﻣﻘﻨﻊ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘ‪‬ﺮﺱ "ﺗ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺍﺱ‪."‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺟ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺒﻞ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﻗﺎﺭﻥ"‪ .‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺳﺎﱀ"‪" .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻜﱠﺔﹸ"‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‪ .‬ﺗﻘﻮﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﺭﺱ "ﺷﺎﻛﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ"‪ ،‬ﳐﻔﱠﻔﻔﺎﹰ‪ .،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺷ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻛﹶﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻘﻠﻮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺎﺋﻚ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﺎﺭﺱ "ﻣﺆﻣ‪‬ﻞ"‪ :‬ﺗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ "ﻣ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﺞ"‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻨﻮ‪‬ﺭ‪ :"‬ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺭﻉ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﻟﺒﺰ‪ "‬ﻭ‬
‫"ﺍﻟﺒِﺰ‪‬ﺓ"‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﺑﻼ ﺩﺭﻉ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺱ ﻻ ﺳﻴﻒ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﹶﻣ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻞﹸ"‪ .‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺭﻣﺢ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﹶﺟ‪‬ﻢ‪ ."‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺩﺭﻉ ﻓﻬﻮ‬
‫"ﺣﺎﺳﺮ"‪ .‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺗ‪‬ﺮﺱِ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﻛﹾﺸ‪‬ﻒ" ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻻ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﻓﻬﻮ "ﺃﹶﻋ‪‬ﺰﻝ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻟﺒﺲ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻉ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ "ﺍﺳ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻸْﻡ‪ :"‬ﺃﻱ ﻟﺒﺲ ﺍﻟﻸﱠﻣ‪‬ﺔﹶ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺳ‪‬ﻦ‪ "‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻉ‪ :‬ﺻﺒ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﻧ‪‬ﺜﹶﻠﻬﺎ"‪ :‬ﻟﺒﺴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺗﻘﻨ‪‬ﻊ" ﻟﺒﺲ ﺍﳌِﻐﻔﺮ‪ .‬ﻭ "ﺍﺟ‪‬ﱳ‪ :"‬ﻟﺒﺲ ﺍﳉﹸﻨ‪‬ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ "ﺟﻠﱠﻞ" ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﻒ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﲪﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗِﺮﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺣﻀ‪‬ﺾ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﺟﻠﱠﻠﻪ" ﺑﻪ‪ :‬ﻋﻼﻩ‪" ،‬ﻭﺳﺎﻓﻪ"‪ :‬ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺣ‪‬ﺰ‪‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﻃﺒ‪‬ﻖ"‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﹶﻔﹾﺼِﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﺑ‪‬ﺮﻱ"‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻈﻢ ﻭﺃﺑ‪‬ﺎﻥﹶ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ "ﺍﳌِﺼﺎﻉ‪" "‬ﻭﺍﳌﻤﺎﺻ‪‬ﻌﺔ"‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻟﺪﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﻮﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭ "ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻋﻨﺔ" "ﻭﺍﳌﺪﺍﻋﺴﺔ"‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻀﺎﺭﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺢ‪ .‬ﺗﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺭ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺢ‬

‫‪89‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﻭ ‪‬ﺩﻋ‪‬ﺲ‪ ‬ﻭﻧ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺱ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﹶﻌﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺢ‪ .‬ﻭﻧ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻞﹶ ﻭﺭ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﻖ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻬﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺣﻜﺎﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺴ‪‬ﻼﺡ ﻻ ﻳﺘﺴﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻭ‪‬ﺕ‪ ‬ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ ﺑﻌﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﺠﺐ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﺎﺿﺮ‪ ‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺄﺧﺬﹼ ﲝﻆ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻳﺮﺍﻩ ﺃﻫﻼﹰ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﻳﺼﻄﻔﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺮﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺟﻮﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞِ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺮ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﻣﺘﻨﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺭﺯﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻋﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﳌِﺼﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻬﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻭﺍﻹﺣﺠﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳ‪‬ﺘِﺮ‪‬ﺍﻕ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺭﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺘﺎﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎﺟﺰﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﻭﻏﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻄﻒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻗﺎﺋﻖ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮﺍﺣﻘﻪ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﱰﺍﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮﺻ‪‬ﺪ‪ ‬ﻏِﺮ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳍﺪﻭﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳋﺘ‪‬ﻞِ ﰲ ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻠﻜﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺭﺩ‪‬ﻩ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺧﻠﻊ ﻋِﺬﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﹶﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻗﻄِﻊ ﻋِﻨﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺸﺘﻐﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺱ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﻓﺮﺳﻪ ﻭﺷﺄﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻨﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﹾﺤِﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻔِﺮﺍﺳﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﺗﺴﺘﺒﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻤﺮ‪‬ﻥ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻼ ﺗ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﱠﻩ‪ ‬ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺗﺴﻠﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﻠﱠﻪ ﻭﺇﻣﻌﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻔﺎﺿﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﹸﺮ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺟﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﻨ‪‬ﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﺪﺓ ﺍﳊﺬﺭ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﺯﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﻗﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﺎﺯﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻴ‪‬ﺪﺍﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺟﻞﱠ ﻭﻋﻼ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﺱ ﻜﻝﱠ ﺫﻭﺍﺕِ ﺍﻟﻤِﺨﻠﹾﺏِ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻊ‪‬‬ ‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻼﺡ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺘﹶﺤ‪‬ﻤِﻠﹸﻪ‬

‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﲝﻤﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻴﺖ‪ ‬ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻗﹶﺼ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺮﻏﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﺨﻴﺺ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﻭﲤﻤﺖ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺩ‪‬ﻳﺖ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ‬
‫ﺍﳌ ﹶﻔﺮ‪‬ﺽ‪ ،‬ﳌﱠﺎ ﺟﻠﺒﺖ‪ ......‬ﺇﱃ ﻣ‪‬ﻤﻴ‪‬ﺰﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺟﺮﻳﺖ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺩ ﲟﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻣ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺯﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺟﻴﻮﺵ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻗﺪ ﺧﻄﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺴﺎﺣﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻏﺒﺖ ﰲ ﻓﻴﺾ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻼﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻋﻄﺘﻪ ﻳﺪ ﺍﻻﻧﻘﻴﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻟﺘﺒﻠﻎ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺆﻝ ﻭﺗﻨﺎﻝﹶ‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﺎﻗﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺗ‪‬ﻮﻗﹶﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻧِﻒِ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﺳ‪‬ﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺪﺏ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺳﺎﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﲢﺴﺪ ﺃﻣﺜﺎﳍﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻥ ﻻﺫﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﱠﻮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻮ ﺻﺎﻓﺤﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﻈﻔﺮﺕ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﱪﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﰲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﰲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﰲ‪.‬‬
‫ﰒ ﻫﻮ ‪ -‬ﺃﹶﻳ‪‬ﺪﻩ‪ ‬ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ -‬ﻳ‪‬ﺴﺮ‪‬ﺣﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﳋﻤﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﻤﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﳋﺼﺐ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﹸﺤ‪‬ﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳ‪‬ﻨﻘﺬﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻣﺘﻬﺎﻥ ﲝﻤﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﻭﻓﻮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﳚﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳊﻀﻴﺾ ﰲ ﻣﱰﻟﺔ ﻛﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻜﻤﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﺟﻨﻮﺩﻩ‪ .‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗ‪‬ﺬﻋِﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﻗﻆ ﺍﳋﹶﻄﹾﺐ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺠﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺮﻡ ﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺘﻪ ﺣﻠﻴﻔﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺴﺠﻴﺘﻪ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜﹸﺮ‪‬ﺏ ﺑﺴﻨﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺘ‪‬ﻔﹶﺮ‪‬ﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻪ ﺗﺘﺄﺭ‪‬ﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺻﻮﺍﺕ ﺗﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﺩﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻳﺪﻱ ﲤﺘﺪ ﺿﺎﺭﻋﺔ ﻣﺆﺗﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳ‪‬ﺮﻏﻢ ﺍﷲ ﻣ‪‬ﻌﺎﻃﺲ ﺍﻷﺻﻨﺎﻡ ﺑﺼﺪﻕ ﺟ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳ‪‬ﻤﻀﻲ ﻋﺰﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﲟﻀﺎﻩ ﺣ‪‬ﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﻣﻜﱢﻦ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺃﺭﺿﻪ ﺃﻭﺳﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻜﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺷﺪﺩ ﻭ‪‬ﻃﹾﺄﺗﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻳ‪‬ﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺃﺣﺰﺍﺏ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺪ‪‬ﺩ‬

‫‪90‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬

 ‫ﲜﻨﻮﺩﻩ ﺃﹶﻭﺷ‪‬ﺎﺏ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺟﻌﻠﻬﻢ ﻟﺴﻴﻮﻓﻪ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻴﺔ ﺣ‪‬ﺼِﻴﺪﺍﹰ ﺧﺎﻣِﺪﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﻛﹾﻸﻩ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺒِﻪ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺣ‪‬ﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﱂ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﲝﻴﺎﺗﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﺣﺮ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﻳﻘﹾﻈﺎﺗﻪ ﻭ‪‬ﺳِﻨﺎﺗِﻪ ﻋﻦ‪ ...‬ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺫﺍﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﺸﺮ ﺑﺮﻳﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮ ﻋ‪‬ﺬﹶﺑ‪‬ﺎﺕِ ﺃﻟﹾﻮﻳﺘﻪ ﻭﺭﺍﻳﺎﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﹶﺭِﻩِ ﺍﻷﻣﻞ ﰲ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﻭﺃﻭﻻﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣ‪‬ﻤﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﺃﺟﻨﺎﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺣﻄﹸﻂﹾ "ﺭﺣﺎﻝ" ﺍﻟﻐﺒﻄﺔ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﺴﻂ ﺑﺎﳋﲑﺍﺕ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻧﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻗﺪﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻭﻣﻮﻻﻧﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺧﺎﰎ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﲔ "ﻭﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﺳﻠﲔ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﻭﺃﻧﺼﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﱪﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻛﺮﻣﲔ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ‪.‬‬

‫‪91‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‬