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Biomechanics - Human Movement
Biomechanics - Human Movement
Long Bones = Strongest when added force through the long AXIS
Short Bones
*Carpals (hand)
*Tarsals (foot)
*Sesamoid bone (tendon and joint) – PATELLA (Knee), First Metatarsal in the foot, and THUMB
>> Alter angle of insertion of the muscle and diminish friction created by the muscle.
Flat Bones
- Protect internal organs and offer broad surface for muscle attachment
Irregular Bones
- Support weight
- Protecting of spinal cord
- Contribution to movement
- Sites for muscular attachment
“Every change in the form and function of a bone or of their function alone is followed by certain definitive
changes in their internal architecture and equally definite secondary alteration in their external conformation, in
accordance with mathematical laws”
Rebuilding process prodolzuva do 40tata godina koga istata se namaluva zaradi osteoblastite.
Aktivnostite vo faza na razvoj imaat pogolem udel vo razvojot na koskenata masa sporedbeno so veke oformeno
telo.
Estrogen levels in anorexic women and amenorrheic female athletes have also been related to the presence of
osteoporosis in this population
If the imparted energy exceeds the zone of elastic deformation, plastic deformation occurs at
the price of microdamage to the bone. If both the elastic and plastic zones are exceeded, the imparted energy is
released in the form of a fracture.
The compressive strength of cortical bone is greater than that of concrete, wood, or glass (Fig. 2-18). The
strength of cortical bone in the middle of long bones is demonstrated in the ability to tolerate large impact loads
and resist bending.
Cancellous bone strength is less than that of cortical bone, but cancellous bone can undergo 200 more deformation
before failure.
Bone
deforms no more than approximately 3% (50)
Compression 15-20 times when jumping.
It is proposed that runners develop femoral neck fractures because the gluteus medius fatigues and
cannot maintain its reduction of the high tensile force,producing the fracture
A ligament avulsion, or an avulsion fracture, occurs when a portion of the bone at the insertion of the ligament is
torn away.
Meniskusi = kicma, koleno sekade kade treba da se izdrzat tenzilni sili, pritisok.
Meniskusite se fibrorskavicni tkiva.
Ligamentite odgovaraat na stress I opteretuvanje so toa sto stanuvaat pocvrsti I pojaki so tek na vreme
Ligamenti = tenzicno opteretuvanje (koga optereteni kolagenot se dvizi paralelno so aplikacijata na opteretuvanjeto, koga se vo
miruvanje branovito)