Subscribe to DeepL Pro to edit this document.

Visit www.DeepL.com/Pro for more information.

Operating system

Name

Victor Ernesto matos Jiménez

Registration

2021-1221

Subject

Comparative analysis between various operating systems

Instructor

José Doñe

Date

March 11, 2021

 Index

Introduction ………………………………3

8.1 Unix ……. 4-7

8.2 Linux . …….8-9

8.3 Windows ………………………………10-12

8.4 MacOS ………………………………13-15

Comparative……………………. 16

Conclusion …………………………………17

Bibliography ………………………………18
Introduction

In the following topic we will be talking about the advantages and

disadvantages of the different operating systems in them are

LINUX, WINDOWS, UNIX, MacOs, and its importance year of

manufacture among others.

8.1 unix

Linux is an operating system of great diffusion nowadays, mainly

due to the fact that it is freely distributed.

Linux allows the user to work in single-user mode or in network

mode, allowing the user to log in locally on the machine or

remotely.

It is a version of UNIX developed to run on personal computer

platforms. It is also called GNU/Linux or free operating system

with GNU public license.

Its name comes from the kernel of an operating system developed in

1991 by Linus B. Torvalds.

The general structure of a UNIX/Linux operating system is as

follows:
 The operating system is basically made up of 2 components:

 Shell: It is the equivalent of the Windows command interpreter and

is used to enter commands, execute programs, etc.

 Kernel: As in all operating systems, it is the part of the system that

interacts with the hardware.

Elements of the graphical interface

The basic elements of the Linux desktop are very similar to those of

Windows:

 Icons

 Windows

 Taskbar

 Work menus

 Applications

 Places

 System

 Notification area

In Linux, unlike in Windows, we can use different types of

graphical interface. The 2 most important are:

. KDE
There are big differences between the two types in terms of

available options and configuration. The use of one or the other

depends, to a large extent, on the personal taste of the person

installing the system.

8.2 Linux

Linux is an open-source

operating system (OS) and IT infrastructure platform. It was

originally conceived and created as a hobby by Linus Torvalds

hobby of Linus Torvalds. While in college, Linus tried to create a

free, alternative, open source version of the MINIX operating

system, which was based on the principles and design of Unix.

Since then, that hobby has become the OS with the largest user

base, the most widely used OS on publicly available Internet

servers, and the only OS used on the top 500 fastest

supercomputers.
Perhaps the best thing about Linux is that it is open source. Linux is

released under the GNU Public Use License (GPL). This means that

everyone can run, study, share and modify the software. Modified

code can also be redistributed and even sold, but all this must be

done under the same license. This differs greatly from traditional

operating systems (e.g. Unix and Windows) which are proprietary,

locked down, delivered as is and cannot be modified.

Note: What is and is not included when talking about Linux is an

ongoing debate. For the purpose of elaborating a definition, we

refer to the Linux kernel in conjunction with the tools, applications

and services incorporated with it. All of these elements together

make up the functional operating system that most people know as

Linux. The Free SoftwareFoundation refers to this combination as

"GNU/Linux" because some of these tools, applications and

services are components of the GNU system. They are incorporated

into the Linux kernel, so that the Linux we know encompasses more

than just the Linux kernel itself.

8.3 Windows

Windows is an English word meaning "window". Its use in

Spanish, however, is almost exclusively linked to a computer

system developed by Microsoft and marketed since 1985.

Microsoft Windows is an operating system, that is, a set of

programs that enables the management of a computer's resources.

This type of system starts working when the computer is turned on

to manage the hardware from the most basic levels.

It is important to bear in mind that operating systems work both on

computers and on other electronic devices that use microprocessors

(cell phones, DVD players, etc.). In the case of Windows, its

standard version works with computers, although there is also a

version for telephones (Windows Mobile).

Windows is an English word meaning "window". Its use in

Spanish, however, is almost exclusively linked to a computer

system developed by Microsoft and marketed since 1985.

Microsoft Windows is an operating system, that is, a set of

programs that enables the management of a computer's resources.

This type of system starts working when the computer is turned on

to manage the hardware from the most basic levels.

It is important to bear in mind that operating systems work both on

computers and on other electronic devices that use microprocessors

(cell phones, DVD players, etc.). In the case of Windows, its

standard version works with computers, although there is also a

version for telephones (Windows Mobile).

Precisely in the year 2013 this software is celebrating its thirtieth

anniversary, since it was on November 10, 1983 when Bill Gates

was encouraged to present it. However, it is true that it was not until
two years later that the product did not begin to be marketed

worldwide.

At that time it came to the market as an extension of the well-

known MS-DOS system and with a series of characteristics among

which the user was favored by the utilities at his disposal as well as

their ease of use.

From that time until today Microsoft Windows has presented

diverse versions with the clear objective of adapting to the times

and, mainly, to the necessities that the user had at any moment.

Thus, among those we would have to emphasize Windows NT,

Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows 2000, Windows XP,

Windows Vista, Windows 7 and Windows 8, which is the last one

up to the moment.
8.4 MacOS

macOS (previously Mac OS X, later OS X) is a series of graphical

operating systems developed and marketed by Apple since 2001. It

is the primary operating system for Apple's Mac family of

computers. Within the desktop, laptop and home computer market,

and through the use of the web, it was, for years, the second most

widely used desktop operating system, after Microsoft Windows,

until 2021.34

macOS is the second major series of Macintosh operating systems.

The first is colloquially called the "classic" Mac OS, which was

introduced in 1984, with the final release being Mac OS 9 in 1999.

The first desktop version, Mac OS X 10.0, was released in March

2001, with its first update, 10.1, arriving later that year. After that,

Apple began naming its releases after the big cats, which lasted

until OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion. Since OS X 10.9 Mavericks,

5
releases have been named after California landmarks. Apple

shortened the name to "OS X" in 2012 and then changed it to

"macOS" in 2016, adopting the nomenclature they were using for

their other operating systems, iOS, watchOS and tvOS. The latest

version is macOS Big Sur, which was released to the public in

November 2020.
Between 1999 and 2009, Apple sold a separate series of operating

systems called Mac OS X Server. The initial version, Mac OS

XServer 1.0, was released in 1999 with a user interface similar to

Mac OS 8.5. After this, new versions were introduced at the same

time as the desktop version of Mac OS X. Starting with Mac OS X

10.7 Lion, the server features were made available as a separate

package in the Mac App Store. 6

macOS is based on technologies developed between 1985 and 1997

at NeXT, a company that Apple co-founder Steve Jobs created after

leaving the company. The "X" in Mac OS X and OS X is the

Roman numeral for the number 10 and is pronounced as such. The

X was a prominent part of the operating system's brand identity and

marketing in its early years, but gradually receded in importance

since the release of Snow Leopard in 2009. UNIX 03 certification

was achieved for the Intel version of Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard7 and

all Mac OS X 10.6 SnowLeopard releases up to the current version

are also UNIX 03 certified.89101112131415 macOS shares its Unix-based

kernel, called Darwin, and many of its frameworks with iOS,16 tvOS

and watchOS. A heavily modified version of Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger

was used for the first generation Apple TV. 17

Mac OS X versions from 1999 to 2005 can run only on PowerPC-

based Macs from that time period. After Apple announced that they

would be switching to Intel CPUs starting in 2006, a separate

version of Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger was manufactured and distributed

exclusively with early Intel-based Macs; it included an emulator

known as Rosetta, which allowed users to run most PowerPC

applications on Intel-based Macs. Mac OS X 10.5Leopard was the

only version that was created as a universal binary, meaning that the

installation disc supported both Intel and PowerPC processors. Mac

OS X 10.6 SnowLeopard was the first version available exclusively

for Intel-based Macs. In 2011, Apple released Mac OS X 10.7 Lion,

which no longer supported 32-bit Intel processors and also did not

include Rosetta. All versions of the system released since then run

exclusively on 64-bit Intel CPUs and do not support PowerPC

applications. In 2020, Apple announced that, starting in 2020, new

Macs will have their own CPUs, based on the ARM architecture.

These Macs still support Intel applications, and new versions of

macOS will have the Rosetta 2 emulation software. macOS Big Sur

is the first version of macOS to support both ARM and Intel-based

Macs.
Comparative tables between the different operating

systems that exist Advantages and disadvantages,

main characteristics of each one.

 Conculcation

In this topic we can see what were the characteristics of these

operating systems their year of manufacture among others I could

also see that Mac OS X versions from 1999 to 2005 can run only on

PowerPC based Macs of that time period.

Bibliography

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacOS

https://www.redhat.com/es/topics/linux