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Cell Biology, Structure and Extracellular Matrix
Cell Biology, Structure and Extracellular Matrix
Cell Biology, Structure and Extracellular Matrix
§ A group of cells and surrounding extracellular matrix that function together to perform one or
many specialized activities is called a tissue.
The Extracellular Microenvironment
Functions of the Extracellular Microenvironment
§ Mechanical support for cell anchorage and tissue survival
§ Determination of cell orientation; control of cell growth, cell confinement
§ Maintenance of cell differentiation
§ Establishment of tissue microenvironment
§ Sequestration, storage, and presentation of soluble regulatory molecules
The ECM is secreted by the cells that reside within it
§ Collagen III: reticulate (main component of § Tertiary: triple helix 300 nm long
reticular fibers), commonly found alongside
§ Quaternary: formation of
type I.
microfibrils; quasi-hexagonal lattice
§ Collagen IV: forms bases of cell basement
membrane
Also enzymatically degradable by collagenases and metalloproteinases à Control over degradation rates
Collagen
Collagen-like peptide (CLP)
§ Main component of extra cellular matrix (25-35% of
human body proteins) § Short synthetic peptide
§ Mimic triple helix
§ Widely found in tendon, skin, cornea and cartilage § Gly-Xaa-Yaa tripeptide motif
§ 29 different types
§ Mediating cell adhesion, migration, tissue § Study triple helix stability
scaffolding and repairing § Mimic collagen fibril formation
1. Kadler, K. E.; Baldock, C.; Bella, J.; Boot-Handford, R. P.. J. Cell Sci. 2007, 120, 1955.
2. http://www.proto-col.com/blog/2014/07/collagen/ 15 J. 2013, 49, 2998.
3. Luo, T. Z.; Kiick, K. L. Eur. Polym.
Triple helix hybridization
Above Tm
Yu, S. M.; Li, Y.; Kim, D. Soft Matter 2011, 7, 7927. Urello, M. A.; Kiick, K. L.; Sullivan, M. O., J. Mat. Chem. B
2014, 2, 8174-8185.
Li, Y.; Foss, C. A.; et al., P Natl Acad Sci 2012, 109, 14767.
CLP assembly
Lateral electrostatic
π-π stacking Metal ligand coordination
interaction
Cejas, M. A.; Kinney, W. A.; et al., J Am Pires, M. M.; Chmielewski, J., J Am Chem Soc 2009, 131, 2706.
Rele, S.; Song, Y. H.; et al., J Am Chem
Chem Soc 2007, 129, 2202. Pires, M. M.; Ernenwein, D.; et al., Biomacromolecules 2011, 12,
Soc 2007, 129, 14780-14787.
Cejas, M. A.; Kinnney, W. A.;et al., P Natl 2429-2433.
17 Acad Sci USA 2008, 105, 8513-8518. Pires, M. M.; Lee, J.; et al., Langmuir 2012, 28, 1993-1997
CLP conjugate assembly
C15
A5K4G(GPO)3GFOGER(GPO)3G
Krishna, O. D.; Wiss, K. T.; Luo, T. Z.; Pochan, D. J.; Theato, P.;
Luo, J. N.; Tong, Y. W. Acs Nano 2011, 5, 7739.
Kiick, K. L. Soft Matter 2012, 8, 3832
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Organelles: Peroxisomes
• Break down fatty acids, branched chain fatty acids, D-amino acids,
polyamines
• Synthesize plasmalogens
• Plasmalogens - phospholipids critical for the normal function of
mammalian brains and lung
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