43

CHAPTER 5
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

5.1 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST:

150 mm X 150mm X 150mm concrete cubes were casting using M 25 grade concrete.
Specimens with ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and OPC replaced with hypo sludge at 30%
levels and another replacement with hyposludge and addition of 50ml sikacrete admixture
constants were cast. During casting the cubes were mechanically vibrated by using a table
vibrator. After 24 hours, the specimens were removed from the mould and subjected to water
curing for 7th, 14th and 28th days. After curing, the specimens were tested for compressive
strength using a calibrated compression testing machine of 2000kN capacity.

5.1.1 M25 Compressive Strength of Conventional Concrete:

Table 5.1 Compressive Strength of Conventional Concrete

Test Results
Date of Date of Specimen
Mix Weight of the Ultimate Compressive
Casting Testing Details specimen Load Strength
Design (kg) (kN) (N/mm2)
7 Days 7.850 348 15.46

M25 18-01-2017 25-01-2017 14 Days 7.950 427 18.97

28 Days 8.140 633 28.13

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5.1.1 M25 Compressive Strength at 7th Day:

M25 grade of concrete Compressive Strength at 7th Days curing. Increase strength of
concrete added Hypo Sludge 30% replacement of cement.
Table 5.2 Compressive Strength of Hyposludge Concrete (7days)

Test Results
Mix Date of Date of Specimen Weight of the Ultimate Compressive
Design Casting Testing Details specimen Load Strength
(kg) (kN) (N/mm2)
7.800 310 13.78
7 Days
M25 18-01-2017 25-01-2017 Hypo sludge 7.890 340 15.11
30%
7.850 330 14.67

5.1.2 M25 Compressive Strength at 14th Day:

M25 grade of concrete Compressive Strength at 14th Days curing. Increase strength of concrete
added Hypo Sludge 30% replacement of cement.
Table 5.3 Compressive Strength of Hyposludge Concrete (14days)

Test Results
Mix Date of Date of Specimen Weight of the Compressive
Details Ultimate Load
Design Casting Testing specimen Strength
(kN)
(kg) (N/mm2)
7.850 390 17.33
14 Days
M25 18-01-2017 01-02-2017 Hypo sludge 8.100 420 18.67
30%
7.950 380 16.88
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5.1.3 M25 Compressive Strength at 28th Day:

M25 grade of concrete Compressive Strength at 28th Days curing. Increase strength of concrete
added Hypo Sludge 30% replacement of cement.
Table 5.4 Compressive Strength of Hyposludge Concrete (28days)

Test Results
Mix Date of Date of Specimen Weight of the Ultimate Compressive
Design Casting Testing Details specimen Load Strength
(kg) (kN) (N/mm2)
7.990 550 24.44
28 Days
M25 18-01-2017 15-02-2017 Hypo sludge 7.760 530 23.55
30%
7.780 560 24.88

5.2.1 M25 Compressive Strength at 7th Day:

M25 grade of concrete Compressive Strength at 7th Days curing. Increase strength of
concrete added Hypo Sludge 30% replacement of cement with 50ml added admixtures Sikacrete.
Table 5.5 Compressive Strength of Hyposludge Concrete with admixture (7days)

Test Results
Mix Date of Date of Specimen Weight of the Ultimate Compressive
Design Casting Testing Details specimen Load Strength
(kg) (kN) (N/mm2)
7.808 346 15.38
7 Days
Hypo sludge
M25 18-01-2017 25-01-2017 7.903 348 15.47
30% with 50 ml
Sikacrete
7.901 344 15.29
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5.2.2 M25 Compressive Strength at 14th Day:

M25 grade of concrete Compressive Strength at 14th Days curing. Increase strength of concrete
added Hypo Sludge 30% replacement of cement with 50ml added admixtures Sikacrete.
Table 5.6 Compressive Strength of Hyposludge Concrete with admixture (14days)

Test Results
Mix Date of Date of Specimen Weight of the Ultimate Compressive
Design Casting Testing Details specimen Load Strength
(kg) (kN) (N/mm2)
7.898 455 20.22
14 Days
Hypo sludge
M25 18-01-2017 01-02-2017 8.116 490 21.78
30% with 50 ml
Sikacrete
8.050 461 20.49

5.2.3 M25 Compressive Strength at 28th Day:

M25 grade of concrete Compressive Strength at 28th Days curing. Increase strength of concrete
added Hypo Sludge 30% replacement of cement with 50ml added admixtures Sikacrete.
Table 5.7 Compressive Strength of Hyposludge Concrete with admixture (28days)

Test Results
Mix Date of Date of Specimen Weight of the Ultimate Compressive
Design Casting Testing Details specimen Load Strength
(kg) (kN) (N/mm2)
8.030 682 30.31
28 Days
Hypo sludge
M25 18-01-2017 15-02-2017 7.840 656 29.16
30% with 50 ml
Sikacrete
7.870 693 30.80
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COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH N/mm2

35
30.8
30 28.13
24.88
25
21.78
18.97 18.67 Conventional Concrete
20
15.46 15.11 15.47
15 Hypo Sludge 30%

10 Hypo Sludge 30% with

sikacrete
5

0
7th day 14th day 28th day

Fig 5.1 Compressive Strength Bar Chart

5.3. M25 Split Tensile Test

Table 5.8 Split Tensile Strength Result

Test Results
Mix Date of Date of Specimen Split Tensile
Details Ultimate Load
Design Casting Testing Strength
(kN)
(N/mm2)
Conventional 193 2.73
18-01-2017 15-02-2017 Concrete
199 2.82
28 Days 241 3.41
M25 18-01-2017 15-02-2017 Hypo sludge
30% 238 3.37
28 Days 270 3.82
Hypo sludge
18-01-2017 15-02-2017
30% with 50ml 262 3.71
sikacrete
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SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH N/mm2

4.5

4 3.82 3.71
3.5 3.41 3.37

3 2.73 2.82
Conventional Concrete
2.5
Hypo Sludge 30%
2 Hypo Sludge 30% with sikacrete

1.5

0.5

0
28th day 28th day

Fig 5.2 Split Tensile Strength Bar Chart

5.4 M25 Flexural Strength test

700mm X 150mm X 150mm RCC beams were casting using M25 grade concrete.
Specimens with ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and OPC replaced with hypo sludge at
30% levels constants were cast. During casting the RCC beams were mechanically
vibrated by using a table vibrator After 24 hours, the specimens were removed from the
mould and subjected to water curing for 28th days. After curing, the specimens were tested
for flexural strength using a calibrated loading frame testing machine.
Flexural strength, also known as modulus of rupture, bend strength, or fracture
strength, a mechanical parameter for brittle material, is defined as a material's ability to
resist deformation under load. The transverse bending test is most frequently employed,
in which a rod specimen having either a circular or rectangular cross-section is bent until
fracture using a three point flexural test technique. The flexural strength represents the
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highest stress experienced within the material at its moment of rupture. It is measured in
terms of stress.
Flexural strength for RCC Beams = (3FL/2bd2)
F - Load force at the fracture point
L - Length of the Support Span
b – Width
Table 5.8 Split Tensile Strength Result

d– Test Results
Date of Date of
ThicknessMi Specimen Details Flexural
Load
Casting Testing Strength
x Design (kN)
(N/mm2)
Conventional
22.6 9.04
Concrete
28 Days
23.8 9.52
M25 18-01-2017 15-02-2017 Hypo sludge 30%
28 Days
Hypo sludge 30% with 24.6 9.84
50ml sikacrete

FLEXURAL STRENGTH (N/mm2)

10
9.84
9.8

9.6 9.52
Normal Concrete
9.4 Hypo Sludge 30%
Hypo Sludge 30% with
9.2 50ml sikacrete
9.04
9

8.8

8.6
28h day

Fig 5.3 Flexural Strength Bar Chart

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Fig 5.4 Flexural

Strength of Conventional Concrete Beam Graph Chart

Fig 5.5 Flexural Strength of 28 Days Hypo sludge concrete Beam Graph Chart
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Fig 5.5 Flexural Strength of 28 Days Hypo sludge Concrete with adding admixture Beam
Graph Chart