EJERCICIOS DE PRACTICA

5.5) En una planta de tratamiento de agua potable se tiene la serie de tuberías mostradas en la figura. Los caudales laterales, de 120l/seg cada uno, llevan
a trenes de tratamiento mientras que la tubería final lleva el caudal sobrante a un embalse de almacenamiento. ¿Cual es el caudal que llega a dicho
embalse? Todas las tuberías son de PVC(Ks=1.5x10-6m)

D1 ≔ 0.450 L1 ≔ 72 K1 ≔ 3.7 Q1 ＝ 0.12 + Q2 z1 ≔ 12.4

D2 ≔ 0.300 L2 ≔ 29 K2 ≔ 3.4 Q2 ＝ 0.12 + Q3 z2 ≔ 0
D3 ≔ 0.250 L3 ≔ 29 K3 ≔ 3.4 Q3 ＝ 0.12 + Q4 g ≔ 9.81
D4 ≔ 0.200 L4 ≔ 123 K4 ≔ 7.8 Q4 ＝ ? C ≔ 140

Q2 ＝ 0.12 + ⎛⎝0.12 + Q4⎞⎠ ＝ 0.24 + Q4

Q1 ＝ 0.12 + ⎛⎝0.24 + Q4⎞⎠ ＝ 0.36 + Q4
Se plantea la ecuación de la energía entre el punto 1 y el punto 4

z1 - hf1 - hm1 - hf2 - hm2 - hf3 - hm3 - hf4 - hm4 ＝ z2

Las perdidas se calculan de la siguiente expresión:

V2 8 ⋅ K ⋅ Q2 ⋅ D2
hm ＝ K ⋅ ―― ＝ ――――
2
Q ＝ ――― ⋅V
2⋅g ⋅ g ⋅ D4 4

10.674 ⋅ L1 ⋅ Q1 1.852 8 ⋅ K1 ⋅ Q1 2 10.674 ⋅ L2 ⋅ Q2 1.852 8 ⋅ K2 ⋅ Q2 2 10.674 ⋅ L3 ⋅ Q3 1.852 8 ⋅ K3 ⋅ Q3 2 10.674 ⋅ L4 ⋅ Q4 1.852 8 ⋅ K4 ⋅ Q4 2

z1 - ―――――― - ―――― - ―――――― - ―――― - ―――――― - ―――― - ―――――― - ―――― ＝ z2
C 1.852 ⋅ D1 4.871 2
⋅ g ⋅ D1 4 C 1.852 ⋅ D2 4.871 2
⋅ g ⋅ D2 4 C 1.852 ⋅ D3 4.871 2
⋅ g ⋅ D3 4 C 1.852 ⋅ D4 4.871 2
⋅ g ⋅ D4 4

1.852 2 1.852 2 1.852 2

10.674 ⋅ L1 ⋅ ⎛⎝0.36 + Q4⎞⎠ 8 ⋅ K1 ⋅ ⎝⎛0.36 + Q4⎠⎞ 10.674 ⋅ L2 ⋅ ⎝⎛0.24 + Q4⎠⎞ 8 ⋅ K2 ⋅ ⎝⎛0.24 + Q4⎠⎞ 10.674 ⋅ L3 ⋅ ⎝⎛0.12 + Q4⎠⎞ 8 ⋅ K3 ⋅ ⎝⎛0.12 + Q4⎠⎞ 10.674 ⋅ L4 ⋅ Q4 1.852 8 ⋅ K 4 ⋅ Q4 2
z1 - ――――――――― - ――――――― - ――――――――― - ――――――― - ――――――――― - ――――――― - ――――――- ――――＝ z2
C 1.852 ⋅ D1 4.871 2
⋅ g ⋅ D1 4 C 1.852 ⋅ D2 4.871 2
⋅ g ⋅ D2 4 C 1.852 ⋅ D3 4.871 2
⋅ g ⋅ D3 4 C 1.852 ⋅ D4 4.871 2
⋅ g ⋅ D4 4

Q4 ≔ 0.01

1.852 2 1.852 2 1.852 2

10.674 ⋅ L1 ⋅ ⎝0.36 + Q4⎠
z1 -
C 1.852 ⋅ D1 4.871
8 ⋅ K1 ⋅ ⎝0.36 + Q4⎠ 10.674 ⋅ L2 ⋅ ⎝0.24 + Q4⎠ 8 ⋅ K2 ⋅ ⎝0.24 + Q4⎠ 10.674 ⋅ L3 ⋅ ⎝0.12 + Q4⎠ 8 ⋅ K3 ⋅ ⎝0.12 + Q4⎠ 10.674 ⋅ L4 ⋅ Q4 1.852 8 ⋅ K 4 ⋅ Q4 2
―- - ―- - ―- - ―- ―＝ z2
2
⋅ g ⋅ D1 4 C 1.852 ⋅ D2 4.871 2
⋅ g ⋅ D2 4 C 1.852 ⋅ D3 4.871 2
⋅ g ⋅ D3 4 C 1.852 ⋅ D4 4.871 2
⋅ g ⋅ D4 4

Q4 ≔ ⎝ ⎠ = 0.05462
COMPROBACION:
Q4 = 0.0546

Q3 ≔ 0.12 + Q4 = 0.175

Q2 ≔ 0.12 + Q3 = 0.295 1
――
0.54
⎛ Q1 ⎞
Q1 ≔ 0.12 + Q2 = 0.415 S ≔ ⎜―――――― 2.63
⎟ = 0.010832
⎜⎝ 0.2785 ⋅ C ⋅ D1 ⎟⎠

10.674 ⋅ L1 ⋅ Q1 1.852 8 ⋅ K1 ⋅ Q1 2 10.674 ⋅ L2 ⋅ Q2 1.852 8 ⋅ K2 ⋅ Q2 2 10.674 ⋅ L3 ⋅ Q3 1.852 8 ⋅ K3 ⋅ Q3 2 10.674 ⋅ L4 ⋅ Q4 1.852 8 ⋅ K4 ⋅ Q4 2

z1 - ―――――― - ―――― - ―――――― - ―――― - ―――――― - ―――― - ―――――― - ―――― =0
C 1.852 ⋅ D1 4.871 2
⋅ g ⋅ D1 4 C 1.852 ⋅ D2 4.871 2
⋅ g ⋅ D2 4 C 1.852 ⋅ D3 4.871 2
⋅ g ⋅ D3 4 C 1.852 ⋅ D4 4.871 2
⋅ g ⋅ D4 4

10.674 ⋅ L1 ⋅ Q1 1.852 10.674 ⋅ L2 ⋅ Q2 1.852 10.674 ⋅ L3 ⋅ Q3 1.852 10.674 ⋅ L4 ⋅ Q4 1.852

hf1 ≔ ―――――― = 0.78 hf2 ≔ ―――――― = 1.203 hf3 ≔ ―――――― = 1.109 hf4 ≔ ―――――― = 1.621
C 1.852 ⋅ D1 4.871 C 1.852 ⋅ D2 4.871 C 1.852 ⋅ D3 4.871 C 1.852 ⋅ D4 4.871

8 ⋅ K 1 ⋅ Q1 2 8 ⋅ K2 ⋅ Q 2 2 8 ⋅ K3 ⋅ Q 3 2 8 ⋅ K4 ⋅ Q4 2
hm1 ≔ ――――
2
= 1.282 hm2 ≔ ―――― = 3.01 hm3 ≔ ―――― = 2.193 hm4 ≔ ―――― = 1.202
⋅ g ⋅ D1 4 2
⋅ g ⋅ D2 4 2
⋅ g ⋅ D3 4 2
⋅ g ⋅ D4 4

z1 - hf1 - hm1 - hf2 - hm2 - hf3 - hm3 - hf4 - hm4 = 0

Q ＝ 0.2785 ⋅ C ⋅ D 2.63 ⋅ S 0.54

5.6) Calcule la altura H del tanque mostrado en la figura teniendo en cuenta que el caudal que debe llegar a la piscina es de 54.3l/seg. El material de la
tubería es de PVC

D1 ≔ 0.250 L1 ≔ 323 K1 ≔ 12.3 Q3 ≔ 0.0543 H＝? z1 ＝ ?

D2 ≔ 0.200 L2 ≔ 130 K2 ≔ 6.9 Q2 ≔ 0.0288 + Q3 = 0.083 C ≔ 140 z2 ≔ 0
D3 ≔ 0.150 L3 ≔ 230 K3 ≔ 7.8 Q1 ≔ 0.0303 + Q2 = 0.113 g ≔ 9.81

H ＝ z1 - z2 ＝ hf1 + hm1 + hf2 + hm2 + hf3 + hm3

Se plantea la ecuación de la energía entre el punto 1 y el punto 3

z1 - hf1 - hm1 - hf2 - hm2 - hf3 - hm3 ＝ z2

Las perdidas se calculan de la siguiente expresión:

V2 8 ⋅ K ⋅ Q2 ⋅ D2
hm ＝ K ⋅ ―― ＝ ――――
2
Q ＝ ――― ⋅V
2⋅g ⋅ g ⋅ D4 4
 10.674 ⋅ L1 ⋅ Q1 1.852 8 ⋅ K1 ⋅ Q1 2 10.674 ⋅ L2 ⋅ Q2 1.852 8 ⋅ K2 ⋅ Q2 2 10.674 ⋅ L3 ⋅ Q3 1.852 8 ⋅ K3 ⋅ Q3 2
z1 - ―――――― - ―――― - ―――――― - ―――― - ―――――― - ―――― ＝ z2
C 1.852 ⋅ D1 4.871 2
⋅ g ⋅ D1 4 C 1.852 ⋅ D2 4.871 2
⋅ g ⋅ D2 4 C 1.852 ⋅ D3 4.871 2
⋅ g ⋅ D3 4

z1 ≔ 10

10.674 ⋅ L1 ⋅ Q1 1.852 8 ⋅ K1 ⋅ Q1 2 10.674 ⋅ L2 ⋅ Q2 1.852 8 ⋅ K2 ⋅ Q2 2 10.674 ⋅ L3 ⋅ Q3 1.852 8 ⋅ K3 ⋅ Q3 2

z1 - ―- 2 ― - ―- 2 ― - ―- 2 ― ＝ z2
C 1.852 ⋅ D1 4.871 ⋅ g ⋅ D1 4 C 1.852 ⋅ D2 4.871 ⋅ g ⋅ D2 4 C 1.852 ⋅ D3 4.871 ⋅ g ⋅ D3 4

z1 ≔ ⎝ ⎠ = 31.019

z1 ≔ round ⎛⎝z1 , 4⎞⎠ = 31.0194

COMPROBACION:

10.674 ⋅ L1 ⋅ Q1 1.852 8 ⋅ K1 ⋅ Q1 2 10.674 ⋅ L2 ⋅ Q2 1.852 8 ⋅ K2 ⋅ Q2 2 10.674 ⋅ L3 ⋅ Q3 1.852 8 ⋅ K3 ⋅ Q3 2

z1 - ―――――― - ―――― - ―――――― - ―――― - ―――――― - ―――― = 0.00004
C 1.852 ⋅ D1 4.871 2
⋅ g ⋅ D1 4 C 1.852 ⋅ D2 4.871 2
⋅ g ⋅ D2 4 C 1.852 ⋅ D3 4.871 2
⋅ g ⋅ D3 4

10.674 ⋅ L1 ⋅ Q1 1.852 10.674 ⋅ L2 ⋅ Q2 1.852 10.674 ⋅ L3 ⋅ Q3 1.852

hf1 ≔ ―――――― = 5.555 hf2 ≔ ―――――― = 3.728 hf3 ≔ ―――――― = 12.177
C 1.852 ⋅ D1 4.871 C 1.852 ⋅ D2 4.871 C 1.852 ⋅ D3 4.871
hf1 ≔ round ⎛⎝hf1 , 4⎞⎠ = 5.5549 hf2 ≔ round ⎛⎝hf2 , 4⎞⎠ = 3.7276 hf3 ≔ round ⎛⎝hf3 , 4⎞⎠ = 12.1768

8 ⋅ K 1 ⋅ Q1 2 8 ⋅ K2 ⋅ Q 2 2 8 ⋅ K3 ⋅ Q 3 2
hm1 ≔ ――――
2
= 3.346 hm2 ≔ ―――― = 2.461 hm3 ≔ ―――― = 3.754
⋅ g ⋅ D1 4 2
⋅ g ⋅ D2 4 2
⋅ g ⋅ D3 4

hm1 ≔ round ⎛⎝hm1 , 4⎞⎠ = 3.3457 hm2 ≔ round ⎛⎝hm2 , 4⎞⎠ = 2.4607 hm3 ≔ round ⎛⎝hm3 , 4⎞⎠ = 3.7536

explicit , ALL
z1 - hf1 - hm1 - hf2 - hm2 - hf3 - hm3 ――――→ 31.0194 - 5.5549 - 3.3457 - 3.7276 - 2.4607 - 12.1768 - 3.7536 = 0.0001
5.11) En una planta de tratamiento de agua potable es necesario repartir el agua cruda a tres tanques floculadores, tal como se muestra en la figura.
Calcule el diámetro de cada una de las tres tuberías si su material es de PVC

D1 ＝ ? L1 ≔ 72 K1 ≔ 6.4 Q3 ≔ 0.160 z1 ≔ 19.3 H ≔ z1 - z2 = 19.3

D2 ＝ ? L2 ≔ 45 K2 ≔ 3.6 Q2 ≔ 0.160 + Q3 = 0.32 z2 ≔ 0 C ≔ 140
D3 ＝ ? L3 ≔ 45 K3 ≔ 3.6 Q1 ≔ 0.160 + Q2 = 0.48 g ≔ 9.81

Se plantea la ecuación de la energía entre el punto 1 y el punto 3

H ＝ z1 - z2 ＝ hf1 + hm1 + hf2 + hm2 + hf3 + hm3

Las perdidas se calculan de la siguiente expresión:

V2 8 ⋅ K ⋅ Q2 ⋅ D2
hm ＝ K ⋅ ―― ＝ ――――
2
Q ＝ ――― ⋅V
2⋅g ⋅ g ⋅ D4 4

10.674 ⋅ L1 ⋅ Q1 1.852 8 ⋅ K1 ⋅ Q1 2 10.674 ⋅ L2 ⋅ Q2 1.852 8 ⋅ K2 ⋅ Q2 2 10.674 ⋅ L3 ⋅ Q3 1.852 8 ⋅ K3 ⋅ Q3 2

z1 - ―――――― - ―――― ＝ z2 z1 - ―――――― - ―――― ＝ z2 z1 ―――――― - ―――― ＝ z2
C 1.852 ⋅ D1 4.871 2
⋅ g ⋅ D1 4 C 1.852 ⋅ D2 4.871 2
⋅ g ⋅ D2 4 C 1.852 ⋅ D3 4.871 2
⋅ g ⋅ D3 4
RestriccionesValores de prueba
D1 ≔ 0.1 D2 ≔ 0.2 D3 ≔ 0.01

10.674 ⋅ L1 ⋅ Q1 1.852 8 ⋅ K1 ⋅ Q1 2
z1 - ―- 2 ― ＝ z2
C 1.852 ⋅ D1 4.871 ⋅ g ⋅ D1 4

10.674 ⋅ L2 ⋅ Q2 1.852 8 ⋅ K2 ⋅ Q2 2
z1 - ―- 2 ― ＝ z2
C 1.852 ⋅ D2 4.871 ⋅ g ⋅ D2 4

10.674 ⋅ L3 ⋅ Q3 1.852 8 ⋅ K3 ⋅ Q3 2
z1 ―- 2 ― ＝ z2
C 1.852 ⋅ D3 4.871 ⋅ g ⋅ D3 4

⎡ D1 ⎤ ⎡ 0.311 ⎤
Solver

⎢ ⎥
D ≔ ⎝D1 , D2 , ⎠ = ⎢ 0.229 ⎥
⎢ 2⎥
⎣ D3 ⎦ ⎣ 5.385 ⎦

10.674 ⋅ L1 ⋅ Q1 1.852 8 ⋅ K1 ⋅ Q1 2 10.674 ⋅ L2 ⋅ Q2 1.852 8 ⋅ K2 ⋅ Q2 2 10.674 ⋅ L3 ⋅ Q3 1.852 8 ⋅ K3 ⋅ Q3 2

z1 - ―――――― - ―――― =0 z1 - ―――――― - ―――― ＝ z2 z1 ―――――― - ―――― =0
C 1.852 ⋅ D1 4.871 2
⋅ g ⋅ D1 4 C 1.852 ⋅ D2 4.871 2
⋅ g ⋅ D2 4 C 1.852 ⋅ D3 4.871 2
⋅ g ⋅ D3 4

10.674 ⋅ L1 ⋅ Q1 1.852 10.674 ⋅ L2 ⋅ Q2 1.852 10.674 ⋅ L3 ⋅ Q3 1.852

hf1 ≔ ―――――― = 6.219 hf2 ≔ ―――――― = 8.16 hf3 ≔ ―――――― = 4.693 ⋅ 10 -7
C 1.852 ⋅ D1 4.871 C 1.852 ⋅ D2 4.871 C 1.852
⋅ D3 4.871

hf1 ≔ round ⎛⎝hf1 , 4⎞⎠ = 6.2194 hf2 ≔ round ⎛⎝hf2 , 4⎞⎠ = 8.1605 hf3 ≔ round ⎛⎝hf3 , 4⎞⎠ = 0

8 ⋅ K1 ⋅ Q1 2 8 ⋅ K2 ⋅ Q2 2 8 ⋅ K 3 ⋅ Q3 2
hm1 ≔ ――――
2
= 13.081 hm2 ≔ ―――― = 11.14 hm3 ≔ ―――― = 9.058 ⋅ 10 -6
⋅ g ⋅ D1 4 2
⋅ g ⋅ D2 4 2
⋅ g ⋅ D3 4

hm1 ≔ round ⎛⎝hm1 , 4⎞⎠ = 13.0806 hm2 ≔ round ⎛⎝hm2 , 4⎞⎠ = 11.1395 hm3 ≔ round ⎛⎝hm3 , 4⎞⎠ = 0