Smith 3

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<TEI.2><text><body><div1 type="alphabetic letter" n="A" org="uniform"
sample="complete"><div2 type="entry" id="abella-geo" org="uniform"
sample="complete"><plaintext><pb id="p.1.3" n="3" />became such in the reign of
that emperor. (Strab. p. 249; </plaintext><bibl n="Plin. Nat. 3.5.9" default="NO"
valid="yes">Plin. Nat. 3.5.9</bibl><plaintext>; </plaintext><bibl n="Ptol. 3.1.68"
default="NO" valid="yes">Ptol. 3.1.68</bibl><plaintext>; Lib. Colon. p. 230;
Gruter. *Inscr.* p. 1096, 1; Zumpt, </plaintext><foreign lang="la">de
Coloniis,</foreign><plaintext> p. 400.) We learn from Virgil and Silius Italicus
that its territory was not fertile in corn, but rich in fruit-trees
(</plaintext><foreign lang="la">maliferae Abellae</foreign><plaintext>): the
neighbourhood also abounded in filberts or hazelnuts of a very choice quality,
which were called from thence *nuces Avellanae* (</plaintext><bibl n="Verg. A.
7.740" default="NO" valid="yes">Verg. A. 7.740</bibl><plaintext>; </plaintext><bibl
n="Sil. Ital. 8.545" default="NO">Sil. Ital. 8.545</bibl><plaintext>;
</plaintext><bibl n="Plin. Nat. 15.22" default="NO" valid="yes">Plin. Nat.
15.22</bibl><plaintext>; Serv. *ad Georg.* 2.65).
The modern town of *Avella* is situated in the plain near the foot of the
Apennines; but the remains of the ancient city, still called *Avella Vecchia,*
occupy a hill of considerable height, forming one of the underfalls of the
mountains, and command an extensive view of the plain beneath; hence Virgil's
expression </plaintext><quote></plaintext><foreign
lang="la">despectant</foreign><plaintext> moenia Abellae.</quote><plaintext> The
ruins are described as extensive, including the vestiges of an amphitheatre, a
temple, and other edifices, as well as a portion of the ancient walls. (Pratilli,
</plaintext><foreign lang="la">Via Appia,</foreign><plaintext> p. 445; Lupuli,
*Iter Venusin.* p. 19; Romanelli, vol. iii. p. 597; Swinburne, *Travels,* vol. i.
p. 105.) Of the numerous relics of antiquity discovered here, the most interesting
is a long inscription in the Oscan language, which records a treaty of alliance
between the citizens of Abella and those of Nola.
It dates (according to Mommsen) from a period shortly after the Second Punic War,
and is not only curious on account of details concerning the municipal magistrates,
but is one of the most important auxiliaries we possess for a study of the Oscan
language.
This curious monument still remains in the museum of the Seminary at Nola: it has
been repeatedly published, among others by Passeri (</plaintext><foreign
lang="la">Linguae Oscae Specimen Singulare,</foreign><plaintext> fol. Romae, 1774),
but in the most complete and satisfactory manner by Lepsius (*Inscr. Umbr. et Osc.*
tab. xxi.) and Mommsen (*Die Unter-Italischen Dialekte,* p. 119).
</plaintext><byline>[</plaintext><ref target="author.E.H.B"
targOrder="U">E.H.B</ref><plaintext>]</byline></div2>
<div2 type="entry" id="abellinum-geo" org="uniform" sample="complete"> <head>ABELLI

ŃUM</head>
<label lang="la">ABELLIŃUM</label><plaintext> (</plaintext><foreign

lang="greek">Ἀβέλλινον,</foreign><plaintext> Eth. </plaintext><label
lang="la">Abellinas-atis</label><plaintext>).</plaintext>
<div3 type="subentry" id="abellinum-geo-1" org="uniform"

sample="complete"><head>1.</head>
<plaintext>A considerable city of the Hirpini, situated in the upper valley of

the Sabatus, near the frontier of Campania. Pliny, indeed, appears to have regarded
it as included in that country, as he enumerates it among the cities of the first
region of Augustus, but Ptolemy is probably correct in reckoning it among those of
the Hirpini.
It is placed by the Tabula Peutingeriana on the road from Beneventum to Salernum,
at a distance of 16 Roman miles from the former city. No mention of it is found in
history prior to the Roman conquest; and it appears to have first risen to be a
place of importance under the Roman Empire.
The period at which it became--a colony is uncertain: Pliny calls it only an
</plaintext><quote>oppidum,</quote><plaintext> but it appears from the
</plaintext><foreign lang="la">Liber de Coloniis</foreign><plaintext> that it must
have received a colony previous to his time, probably as early as the second
Triumvirate; and we learn from various inscriptions of imperial times that it
continued to enjoy this rank down to a late period.
These mention numerous local magistrates, and prove that it must have been a place
of considerable wealth and importance, at least as late as the time of Valentinian.
(</plaintext><bibl n="Plin. Nat. 3.5.9" default="NO" valid="yes">Plin. Nat. 3.5. s.
9</bibl><plaintext>; </plaintext><bibl n="Ptol. 3.1.68" default="NO"
valid="yes">Ptol. 3.1.68</bibl><plaintext>; </plaintext><foreign lang="la">Lib. de
Colon.</foreign><plaintext> p. 229; Inser. ap. Orell. Nos. 1180, 1181; Lupuli,
*Iter Venusin.* pp. 34, 55, 56.)</plaintext>
<plaintext>The ancient city was destroyed during the wars between the Greeks and
the Lombards, and the inhabitants established themselves on the site of the modern
*Avellino,* which has thus retained the name, but not the situation, of the ancient
Abellinum.
The ruins of the latter are still visible about two miles from the modern city,
near the village of *Atripaldi,* and immediately above the river
</plaintext><foreign lang="la">Sabbato.</foreign><plaintext> Some vestiges of an
amphitheatre may be traced, as well as portions of the city walls, and other
fragments of reticulated masonry. Great numbers of inscriptions, bas-reliefs,
altars, and minor relics of antiquity, have also been discovered on the site.
(Lupuli, </plaintext><hi rend="italics">l.c.</hi><plaintext> pp. 33, 34; Romanelli,
vol. ii. p. 310; Swinburne, *Travels,* vol. i. p. 118; Craven, *Abruzzi,* vol. ii.
p. 201.)
The neighbourhood still abounds with filbert-trees, which are extensively
cultivated, as they were in ancient times; on which account the name of the *nuces
Avellanae* was frequently derived from Abellinum rather than Abella. (Harduin. *ad
Plin.* 15.22.)</plaintext> </div3>
<div3 type="subentry" id="abellinum-geo-2" org="uniform"

sample="complete"><head>2.</head>
<plaintext>Besides the Abellinum mentioned by Pliny in the <emph>first</emph>

region of Italy, he enumerates also in the <emph>second,</emph> which included the
Hirpini and Apulians, </plaintext><quote>Abellinates cognomine
Protropi,</quote><plaintext> and </plaintext><quote>Abellinates cognominati
Marsi.</quote><plaintext> The first have been generally supposed to be the
inhabitants of the city already mentioned, but it would certainly appear that Pliny
meant to distinguish them. No clue exists to the position of either of these two
towns: the conjecture of the Italian topographers who have placed the Abellinates
Marsi at </plaintext><foreign lang="la">Marsico Vetere,</foreign><plaintext> in
Lucania, having nothing, except the slight similarity of name, to recommend it, as
that site would have been in the <emph>third</emph> region. [</plaintext><ref
target="author.E.H.B"
targOrder="U">E.H.B</ref><plaintext>]</plaintext></div3></div2>
<div2 type="entry" id="abia-geo" org="uniform" sample="complete"> <head>A

´BIA</head>
<label lang="la">A´BIA</label><plaintext> (</plaintext><label lang="greek">ἡ

Ἀβία</label><plaintext>: nr. </plaintext><label
lang="la">Zarnata</label><plaintext>), a town of Messenia, on the Messenian gulf,
and a little above the woody dell, named Choerius, which formed the boundary
between Messenia and Laconia in the time of Pausanias.
It is said to have been the same town as the Ira of the *Iliad* (</plaintext><bibl
n="Hom. Il. 9.292" default="NO" valid="yes">9.292</bibl><plaintext>), one of the
seven towns which Agamemnon offered to Achilles, and to have derived its later name
from Abia, the nurse of Hyllus, the son of Hercules. Subsequently it belonged, with
Thuria and Pharae, to the Achaean League.
It continued to be a place of some importance down to the reign of Hadrian, as we
learn from an extant inscription of that period. (</plaintext><bibl n="Paus. 4.30"
default="NO" valid="yes">Paus. 4.30</bibl><plaintext>; </plaintext><bibl n="Plb.
25.1" default="NO" valid="yes">Plb. 25.1</bibl><plaintext>; Paciandi, *Monumn.
Pelopon.* ii. pp. 77, 145, cited by Hoffmann, *Griechenland,* p. 1020; Leake,
*Morea,* vol. i. p. 325.)</plaintext></div2>
<div2 type="entry" id="abianus-geo" org="uniform" sample="complete"> <head>ABIA

ŃUS</head>
<label lang="la">ABIAŃUS</label><plaintext> (</plaintext><label

lang="greek">Ἀβιανός</label><plaintext>), a river of Scythia (Sarmatia) falling
into the Euxine, mentioned only in the work of Alexander on the Euxine, as giving
name to the ABII, who dwelt on its banks. (Steph. Byz. s. v. </plaintext><foreign
lang="greek">Ἄβιοι.</foreign><plaintext>) Stephanus elsewhere quotes Alexander as
saying that the district of Hylea on the Euxine was called </plaintext><foreign
lang="greek">Ἀβική,</foreign><plaintext> which he interprets by
</plaintext><foreign lang="greek">Ὑλαία,</foreign><plaintext> </plaintext><hi
rend="italics">woody</hi><plaintext> (Steph. Byz. s. v. </plaintext><foreign
lang="greek">Υ῾γιέα.</foreign><plaintext>).
</plaintext><byline>[</plaintext><ref target="author.P.S"
targOrder="U">P.S</ref><plaintext>]</byline></div2>
<div2 type="entry" id="abii-geo" org="uniform" sample="complete"> <head>A

´BII</head>
<plaintext>Eth. </plaintext><label lang="la">A´BII</label><plaintext> (Eth.

</plaintext><label lang="greek">Ἄβιοι</label><plaintext>), a Scythian people,
placed by Ptolemy in the extreme N. of Scythia extra Imaum, near the Hippophagi;
but there were very different opinions about them. Homer </plaintext><bibl n="Hom.
Il. 13.5" default="NO" valid="yes">Hom. Il. 13.5</bibl><plaintext>,
</plaintext><bibl n="Hom. Il. 13.6" default="NO" valid="yes">6</bibl><plaintext>)
represents Zeus, on the summit of M. Ida, as turning away his eyes from the battle
before the Greek camp, and </plaintext><quote>looking down upon the land of the
Thracians familiar with horses,</quote><plaintext> </plaintext><foreign
lang="greek">Μυσῶν τ᾽ ἀγχεμάχων, καὶ ἀγαυῶν ἱππημολγῶν, γλακτοφάγων, ἀβίων τέ
δικαιοτάτων ἀνθρώπων.</foreign><plaintext> Ancient and modern commentators have
doubted greatly which of these words to take as proper names, except the first two,
which nearly all agree to refer to the Mysians of Thrace.
The fact would seem to be that the poet had heard accounts of the great no-made
peoples who inhabited the steppes NW. and N. of the Euxine, whose whole wealth lay
in their herds, especially of horses, on the milk of which
</plaintext></div2></div1></body></text></TEI.2>

Smith 3

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?

<div2 type="entry" id="abellinum-geo" org="uniform" sample="complete"> <head>ABELLI

<p><label lang="la">ABELLI´NUM</label><plaintext> (</plaintext><foreign

<div3 type="subentry" id="abellinum-geo-1" org="uniform"

<p><plaintext>A considerable city of the Hirpini, situated in the upper valley of

<div3 type="subentry" id="abellinum-geo-2" org="uniform"

<p><plaintext>Besides the Abellinum mentioned by Pliny in the <emph>first</emph>

<div2 type="entry" id="abia-geo" org="uniform" sample="complete"> <head>A

<p><label lang="la">A´BIA</label><plaintext> (</plaintext><label lang="greek">ἡ

<div2 type="entry" id="abianus-geo" org="uniform" sample="complete"> <head>ABIA

<p><label lang="la">ABIA´NUS</label><plaintext> (</plaintext><label

<div2 type="entry" id="abii-geo" org="uniform" sample="complete"> <head>A

<p><plaintext>Eth. </plaintext><label lang="la">A´BII</label><plaintext> (Eth.

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