INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY.

Witness --- man of the hour in court .

Victim --- the forgotten one.

Offender -- the principal character to the CJS

Suspect --- One who implicated to the commission of a crime (subject of investigation)

Respondent --- person who is a subject of Preliminary investigation or inquest proceeding.

Accused --- person who charged of an offense in court and facing trial.

Appelant --- one who filed an appeal .

Criminal --- who is found guilty by final judgement

Police --- initiator or prime mover of the CJS

Pardonee --- one who is given pardon.

Parolee --- one who is granted with parole.

Probationer --- one whose application for probation was granted.

Petitioner --- one who files an application for Probation,parole and pardon

Criminologia ---- (Italian word) Raffaelle Garofalo 1885

Criminologie ---- (French word) Paul Topinard 1887

R.A 6506 --- Act creating the Board of Examiners for Criminologists in the Phil. And other purpose.
(approved/effective=July 1,1972)

Criminal ecology --- study of criminality in relation to the spatial distribution in a community.

Criminal epidiomology ---- study of the relationship between environment and criminality.

Criminal psychiatry --- study of human mind in relation to criminality.

Criminal psychology ---- study of human behavior in relation to criminality.

Criminal demography --- criminality and population.

Criminal physical anthropology ---- study of criminality in relation to Physical constitution of men.

Victimology ---- study of role of victim in the commission of the crime.

Criminal Etiology --- study of the cause or the origin of crime.

Penology ---- control and prevention of crime and the treatment of youthful offender.

Sociology ---- study of human society, its origin ,structure,functions and directions.

Criminological research ---- study if crime correlated to with antecedent variables ,state of the crime
trend.

Delinquency ---- act not inconformity with the norms of society .

August Comte --- Father of sociology

Emile Durkheim --- father / modern sociology .

Mala prohibitum crime ---- acts that are outlawed because they clash with current norms and public
opinion ,such as tax ,traffic and drugs law.

Mala in se crime --- acts that outlawed because they violate basic moral values such as rape, murder
,assault and robbery .

Mass murder --- killing a large number of person at one time.

Hypoglycemia --- which the glucose in the blood falls below levels/efficient brain functioning .

Hyperglycemia --- high blood sugar

Marital rape ---- forcible sex between legally married partners.

Statutory rape ---- sexual relation between an minor female and an adult male.(11yrsold below)

Jeremy Betham --- pain and pleasure

Cesare Becarria --- Free will theory

Edwin Sutherland ---- who introduced the ff definition of criminology. "Dean of criminology "

Gabriel Tarde ---- introduced the "Theory of imitation - suggestion "

Enrico Ferri ---- "Theory of imputable and denial of Free Will.

Ada juke --- Mother of criminals.

Henry Goddard ---- He was the first person to use the term "MORON"

Robert Merton ---- applied the theory of anomie of Durkheim to criminology

August Aichorn --- "Latent delinquency "

Ego --- "reality principle "

Id ---- "pleasure principle "

SuperEgo ---- resulted from incorporating within the personality the moral standards and values of
parents,community /others /tell what is right from wrong.

Oedipus complex ---- Electra complex in man.

Electra complex ---- girls begin to have sexual feeling for their father's .

Erik Erikson ---- "identity crisis"

Monogamy --- one marriage (1 man and 1woman )

Polygamy --- marriage of one man with two or more wife.

Polyandry --- marriage of one woman with two or more husband.

18-70 --- full responsibility

18 --- age of majority or legal age

CRIM SOCIO

CRIMINAL ETIOLOGY- the scientific analysis of all crimes, the Couse of all crime

SOCIOLOGY OF LAW- scientific analysis of the condition under which criminal law was developed

ETYMOLOGY- accusation and study (Italian word criminlogia by: Raffaele Garofalo)

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PRE-CLASSICAL- also known as demonological school, believe that people that commit crime are demons
(Retribution) (Aristotle, Plato’s)

CLASSICAL- the enlightenment period, free will, hedonistic (pleasure and pain)

(cesare becarria, Jeremy bentham)

NEO CLASSICAL- began during French revolution, introduce the application of mitigating circumstances
in imposing penalties

POSITIVIST/ITALIAN- emphasized the study that criminals are caused by physical stigmata, atavism,
physical features, and biological inheritance

(The holy 3 LOMBROSO, GAROFALO, FERRI)

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CESARE BECARRIA- he proposed his great essay “On Crime and Punishment” (Social Contract Theory)
*Demonstrated the fault and recommended remedies that all persons violated a specific law should
receive identical punishment regardless of the age, sanity, position and circumstances

JEREMY BETHAM - prolific writer “Greatest Happiness” (Principle of Utility)