Material Balance

Calculations

FST 206
Dr Rafiq Ahmad| Assistant Professor | SFAS
Outlines
Material balance problem solving in food engineering

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Learning objective
After this session students will be able to:

 Make a material balance for given process including total balance

and component balance and will be able to solve the final equation
to find unknown variables

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 MAKING A MASS BALANCE
STEPS
1. Define a system to which the mass balance is to be applied
• A schematic of the system is drawn
• Boundaries are set from which inlet and outlet streams can be
defined in terms of quantities and compositions.
2. Designate letters and symbols to represent known and unknown
quantities to be determined
3. Choose the basis for calculation
• Select a quantity that will remain unchanged throughout the process

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Material balance solving problem
Example 1

Step 1

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Material balance solving problem
Example 2
1000 kg/h of a fruit juice with 10% solids is freeze-concentrated to 40% solids. The
dilute juice is fed to a freezer where the ice crystals are formed Examples 13 and
then the slush is separated in a centrifugal separator into ice crystals and
concentrated juice. An amount of 500 kg/h of liquid is recycled from the separator to
the freezer. Calculate the amount of ice that is removed in the separator and the
amount of concentrated juice produced. Assume steady state.

Step 1

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Material balance solving problem
Example 3
Milk with 3.8% fat and 8.1% fat-free solids (FFS) is used for the production of canned
concentrated milk. The process includes separation of the cream in a centrifuge and
concentration of the partially defatted milk in an evaporator. If the cream that is
produced in the centrifuge contains 55% water, 40% fat, and 5% fat-free solids,
calculate how much milk is necessary in order to produce a can of concentrated milk
that contains 410 g milk with 7.8% fat and 18.1% fat-free solids. How much cream and
how much water must be removed in the centrifuge and the evaporator respectively?
Assume steady state.
Step 1. Draw a flow diagram

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Material balance solving problem
Example 4
A membrane separation system is used to concentrate total solids (TS) in
Example 1.8 a liquid food from 10% to 30%. The concentration is
accomplished in two stages with the first stage resulting in release of a low-
total-solids liquid stream. The second stage separates the final concentration
product from a low-total-solids stream, which is returned to the first stage.
Determine the magnitude of the recycle stream when the recycle contains 2%
TS, the waste stream contains 0.5% TS, and the stream between stages 1 and
2 contains 25% TS. The process should produce 100 kg/min of 30% TS.

Step 1. Draw a flow diagram

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Material balance solving problem
Example 5
An experimental engineered food is being
manufactured using five stages, as shown in Figure.
The feed is 1000 kg/h. Various streams have been
labeled along with the known composition values on
the diagram. Note that the composition of each
stream is in terms of solids and water only. Stream C
is divided equally into streams E and G . Product P,
with 80% solids, is the desired final product. Stream K
produces a by-product at the rate of 450 kg/h with
20% solids. Calculate the following:
a. Calculate the mass flow rate of product P .
b. Calculate the mass flow rate of recycle stream A .
c. Calculate the mass fl ow rate of recycle stream R .

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Material balance solving problem exercise
Example 6

Example 7

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Q&A

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