DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF AUTOMATIC DRAINAGE CLEANING

SYSTEM

A MINI PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by
LAKSHMINARAYNAN.S AC17UME241
MANOJ.A AC17UME244
PRADEEP.R AC17UME251
ROSHAN BABU.S AC17UME259

In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

ADHIYAMAAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(Autonomous)
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Accredited by NBA-AICTE, New Delhi,
Accredited by NAAC-UGC, New Delhi with ‘B’ grade)

HOSUR – 635 130

ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025

NOVEMBER– 2020
 ANNA UNIVERSITY : CHENNAI 600 025
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this mini project report titled “DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF
AUTOMATIC DRAINAGE CLEANING SYSTEM ” is the bonafide work of
“LAKSHMINARAYANAN.S, MANOJ.A, PRADEEP.R,ROSHAN BABU.S,” Who
carried out the mini project work under my supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
Dr. SURESH BABU, M.E, Ph.D. Dr. M.SAKTHIVEL, M.E, Ph.D.
PROFESSOR AND HEAD ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of mechanical engineering,
Adhiyamaan College of Engineering, Adhiyamaan College of engineering,
(Autonomous), (Autonomous),
Hosur 635-130. Hosur 635-130

Submitted for the VIVA –VOCE examination held on ………………. at

Adhiyamaan College of Engineering,(Autonomous ),Hosur

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our sincere thanks to our beloved principal

Dr. G. RANGANATH, M.E., Ph.D., Adhiyamaan College of Engineering for his keen
interest and affection towards us.

We are highly indebted to Dr.S.V. SURESH BABU, M.E, Ph.D., Professor and
Head, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Adhiyamaan College Engineering ,
Hosur for permitting and encouraging us to do our project work.

We are also grateful to Dr.M. SAKTHIVEL,M.E,Ph.D., Associate professor

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Adhiyamaan College Engineering
Hosur ,for his valuable guidance throughout our project and successfully completed.

We also thank all the staff members of Mechanical Engineering Department,

Adhiyamaan College of Engineering for their valuable suggestion and all my friends
who are directly or indirectly associated with project completion.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER No. TITLE PAGE No.

ABSTRACT iv

LIST OF TABLES vii

LIST OF FIGURES viii

1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Step taken for past and present 1

1.1.1 Steps taken for efficient water drainage 3

1.1.2 Hazardous waste 3

1.1.3 Working 3

1.2. Objective 3

2 LITERATURE SURVEY 4

2.1 PRESENT SCENARIO 5

2.1.1 Stages of water treatment 5

3 WORKING FLOW PROCESS 7

3.1 MECHANISUM & WORKING 7

4 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 8

4.1 WORKING PRINCIPLE 8

4.2 MATERIALS USED 9

4.3 DESIGN CALCULATION 10

4.4 MODELLING 14

4.4.1 Assembly of sprocket and chain 14

4.4.2 Part diagram of sprocket 14

4.4.3 Collecting bin model 15

4.5 FABRICATION 15

4.6 ADVANTAGES 16
4.7. APPLICATIONS 16

4.8 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 17

5 CONCLUSION 18

6 PHOTOGRAPH 21
 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE No. TITLE PAGE No.

4.1 MATERIAL USED 10

 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE No. TITLE PAGE

No.

4.1 Assembly of chain and sprocket 14

4.2 Part diagram of sprocket 14
4.3 Collecting bin model 15
4.4 Fabrication 15
 ABSTRACT

In this work the proposed concept is to replace the manual work in drainage
cleaning by automated system. Now-a-days even though automation plays a vital
role in all industrial applications in the proper disposal of sewages from industries
and commercials are still a challenging task. Drainage pipes are used for the
disposal and unfortunately sometimes there may be loss of human life while
cleaning the blockages in the drainage pipes. To overcome this problem and to save
human life we design and fabraicated this system“Automatic Drain Cleaning
System”.Using this system we can control the disposal of wastages and with regular
filtration of wastages, clearance of gaseous substance are treated separately and
monitor the disposal in frequent manner.
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Automatic Drainage Water cleaning and Control System Using auto

mechanism proposed to overcome the real time problems. With the continued
expansion of industries, the problem of sewage water must be urgently resolved due
to the increasing sewage problems from industries of the surrounding environment.
The waste and gases produced from the industries are very harmful to human beings
and to the environment. the proposed system is to cleaning and control the drainage
level using auto mechanism technique. auto mechanism is the major controlling unit
and the drainage level is monitor by municipal . In this system we used motor, chain,
driver, bucket, frame.

Before examine the function of a drive, we must understand the basic

operation of the motor. It is used to convert the electrical energy, supplied by the
controller, to mechanical energy to move the load. There are really two types of
motors, AC and DC. The basic principles are alike for both. Magnetism is the basis
for all electric motor operation. It produces the force required to run the motor.
There are two types of magnets the permanent magnet and the electro magnet.

1.1 Steps taken for efficient water drainage in past and present

There is a plenty of water on earth but that is not suitable for human use.
Clean water is more important if used for some purpose. The impurities present in
water can cause hazardous and disease. As long as the draining system is considered
the function of the main drainage system is to collect, transport and dispose of the
water through an outfall or outlet. Impurities in drainage water can be only like

1
empty bottles, polythene bags, papers,etc.Today when the scheme like “Swatch

Bharat Mission” is at peak of their age and everyone working towards making
their surrounding and country clean, our group has sort to work out on a
mechanism to make drains of our country free from solid waste and hence
playing a major role in cleaning our society

The most striking feature of Harappan civilization (Indus Valley Civilization)

is that the Indus Valley people had constructed their drainage system on very
scientific lines.

The drainage system of Mohen-jo-daro is so elaborate that “the like of which

has not yet been found anywhere in the world in any other city of the same
antiquity
 1.1.2Hazardous waste

Semisolid or solid matters that are created by human or animal activities, and
which are disposed because they are hazardous or useless are known as solid waste.
Most of the solid wastes, like paper, plastic containers, bottles, cans, and even used
cars and electronic goods are not biodegradable, which means they do not get
broken down through inorganic or organic processes. Thus, when they accumulate
they pose a health threat to people, plus, decaying wastes also attract household
pests and result in urban areas becoming unhealthy, dirty, and unsightly places to
reside in. Moreover, it also causes damage to terrestrial organisms, while also
reducing the uses of the land for other, more useful purposes

Therefore this problem needs immediate remedial measures.These impurities

present in drainage water can cause blockage or the drainage system. The drainage
system can be cleaned time to time manually or such a system can be designed that
will automatically throw out wastages and will keep the water clean. This project is
designed to keep clean the drainage system and helps the smooth working of the
system.

1.1.3 Working Principle

The device is placed across drain so that only water flow through screen, the
waste like bottles, plastic etc. Floating in drain are lifted by lifter which is attached
with screen. Screen is connected to the shaft which is driven by chain with the help
of DC motor.

1.2 OBJECTIVE

To design and fabricate an automatic drainage cleaning system.

3
 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY

In many of urban areas in India after a short length of flow of sewage

underground (200mm to 1200mm dia pipes), the sewage pipes are no longer able to
take the large flow. The combined sewage from these large pipes generally flows in
open sewers – sewers that were originally storm water courses. These now carry
sewage continuously and occasionally storm water from intense weather events.
When these are choked or encroached to a point of being too narrow, the water flow
spills over its banks into nearby settlements. This occurs generally following high
intensity rainfall wherein the sewer /open storm drain can no longer take the large
combined water flow.Among the many reasons which cause urban flooding in such
water courses / open sewers are:

 Encroachment of drain and reduction of flow area,

 Improper maintenance of drainage /sewer system,

 Blockages of drainage channels by USW (Ultra Solid Wastes) dumped along

its flow path upstream of these sensitive points.

 The most common reasons found for such blockages are:

 Accumulation of silt or dumped debris or

Poor and unplanned solid waste management and insensitive attitude among
the upstream residents results in USW being dumped into the open sewers. Such
dumped USW cannot be transported through these narrow streams and results in

4
 sewer blockages. Solid wastes which enter the drain comprise mainly of
fermentables, cloth, plastic and paper. Fermentable organic wastes of the dumped
USW (e.g. food and garden wastes) as well as paper are rapidly degraded under
such wet conditions leaving behind a predominantly non biodegradable complex of
wastes that occasionally flows in the sewers or remains stuck at vulnerable points
along the water course. These non biodegradable wastes flow along with sewage in
these drainage channels and gradually accumulate at shallow regions in the path
where the flow rates are very low or the wastes encounter physical obstruction due
to a shallow nature – especially when the only sewage is flowing in these streams.
The extent of such mass accumulating at specific points along the flow gradually
increases with increasing quantities of USW being discharged into the stream

2.1 Present Scenario

Treating waste water has the aim to produce an effulent that will do as little
harm as possible when discharged to the surrounding environment, thereby
preventing pollution compared to releasing untreated waste water into the
environment

2.1.1 Three stages of water treatment

Sewage treatment generally involves three stages, called primary,

secondary and tertiary treatment.

a) Primary treatment: Primary treatment consists of temporarily

holding the sewage in a quiescent basin where heavy solids can
settle to the bottom while oil, grease and lighter solids float to the
surface.
b) Secondary Treatment: Secondary Treatment removes dissolved
and suspended biological matter.
5
 c) Tertiary treatment: Tertiary treatment is sometimes defined as
anything more than primary and secondary treatment in order to
allow rejection into a highly sensitive or fragile ecosystem
(estuaries, low-flow rivers, coral reefs).

LITERATURE REVIEW

Ganesh U L,et.al.The usage of mechanical drainage cleaner to replace the

manual work required for drainage cleaning system. Drainage pipes are very dirty.
Sometimes it is harmful for human life while it is need for cleaning drainage system.

Dr .K.Kumaresan et.al., They designed their project different way clearance

of gaseous substance are treated separately so the flow of water efficiently. This
project may be developed with the full utilization of men, machines, and materials
and money.

R.Sathiyakala et.al., Uses for drainage cleaning system because E-bucket

lifted a sewage and used evaporation treatment for this sewage wet sewage was
converted into dry matters, with the of ARM board (ARDUINO) this process was
performed.

Nitin Sall, et.al.,Explained flow of used water from homes, business

industries, commercial activities is called waste water. 200 and 500 liters wastage
water are generated each person every day. So using waste water technology that
removes, rather than destroys, a pollutant in a drainage system

C. Daniels, et.al. Showed the Drainage system cleaner machine used to

remove garbage and sewage automatically which helped to protect the environment
from different kinds of environmental hazards.

6
 CHAPTER 3

WORK FLOW PROCESS

We are trying to built a modified version of Bar Screening system which
won’t require any external power supply working. Basically, we will integrate the
system with the pelton turbine
3.1:Mechanism & Working
1. The automated mechanism is basically designed to filter out the solid waste of
the running drains and hence removing the possibility of any blockage of the
flowing waste water.
2. The turbine is the power (rotation) generating element that functions on the
hydraulic power and hence then drive the chain mechanism.
3. The power generated by the turbine is being transmitted through the sprocket-
chain arrangement from turbine shaft to mechanism driving shaft and hence the
chain mechanism is being driven.
4. The chain mechanism is being fitted with the wire mesh filter that just picks up
the solid waste while the liquid waste flows through the mesh.
5. The size of mesh holes can be adjusted in order to decide the different size of
solid waste we are working on.
6. The system is being adjusted at an angle so that mesh is able to hold the solid
waste.
7. The storage box is kept where the solid waste is collected and later that box can
be cleaned to remove the collected waste.

7
 CHAPTER 4
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
4.1 WORKING PRINCIPLE
Automatic drainage water cleaning and control system using auto
mechanism proposed to overcome the real time problems. With the
continued expansion of industries, the problem of sewage water must be
urgently resolved due to the increasing sewage problems from industries of
the surrounding environment. Our proposed system is to cleaning and
control the drainage level using auto mechanism technique. Auto mechanism
is the major controlling unit and the drainage level a monitor by
municipal .In this system we used hand wheel, chain, driver, bucket, frame.
Cleaning of drains/gutters has always been a problem. Labors cleaning
gutters & drain seems unethical and also leads to a high risk of them
catching infections or poisoning due to large amounts of waste/chemicals in
them. Also throwing of bottles/plastics and other such objects into the gutters
lead to narrowing and eventually blockage in gutterflow.
This leads to overflow in many cases. So here we provide a fully
automated drain gutter cleaning mechanism to tackle these modern day
gutter jamming issues. Our system uses an automated gutter/drain cleaning
system that lets fluids flow through it but catches large solid waste like
bottles & plastic and accumulates it.

.
8
TABLE 4.1 COMPONENTS AND MATERIALS
S.No. Component Quantity Materials

1 Angle Rod 4 Mild steel

2 Angle Rod 4 Mild steel

3 Square Rod 2 Mild steel

4 Square Rod 2 Mild steel

5 Square Rod 10 Mild steel

6 Sprocket 4 Alloy steel.

7 Bearing 4 Stainless steel

8 Shaft 2 Mild steel

9 Chain 2 Alloy steel

10 Square Rod 2 Mild steel

9
4.3 DESIGN CALCULATION :
DESIGN OF SHAFT

Material used = Mild steel.

Length = 910mm

Inner Diameter =21mm

Outer Diameter =24mm

Length between shaft to shaft=930mm

Power transmitted by the shaft = 108577.5105watt

Maximum Bearing Load

= L/g

= 248.256/ 9.81

= 25.3064Kg

Area

A = /4 [D02 - DI2]

= /4 [242 - 212]

A = 106 mm2

Direct compressive due to axial thrust

Σ0 = P/A

= 930/106

= 8.7mpa
10
Bending stress

σb = P
 /32 [ do 4 - di 4 ]
d04
= 980
/32[ 24 4 - 21 4]
24 4
= 16.98 N/mm2

= 16.98 mpa

compressive stress

σc = σo + σd

= 8.7 + 16.98

= 25.68 mpa

DESIGN OF SPROCKET
.

pitch(P) = 12.7 mm

Width = 30 mm

Teeth =45 mm

Transmission ratio: i = n1/n2

= 130/75

i =1.75

11
Pitch

Z1 = 25

Z2 = i X Z1

= 1.73 X 25

Z2 = 43.25.

Pitch diameter of sprocket

d1 = P/(sin(180o/25))

= 12.7/(sin(180o/25))

d1 = 101.6 mm

d2 = P/(sin(180o/22))

= 12.7/(sin(180o/42.25))

d2 = 174.21 mm

DESIGN OF COLLECTING BIN

Length =920mm

Breath =610mm

Height = 340mm

Area of collecting bin = 12xLxB

= 12x920x610

= 280600mm2

12
DESIGN OF BEARING

Outer Diameter of Bearing (D) = 37 mm

Thickness of Bearing (B) = 12 mm

Inner Diameter of the Bearing (d) = 15 mm

r₁ = Corner radii on shaft and housing

r₁ = 1(From design data book)

Maximum Speed = 14,000 rpm (From design data book)

Mean Diameter (dm) = (D + d) / 2

= (37 + 15) / 2

dm = 26 mm

SHEET METAL

Sheet metal is used to make the collecting box.

Material - G I SHEET

Size - 40*15cm

Thickness - 1mm

Quantity -1

DC MOTOR

DC Motor capacity : 12V

Unloading : 130rpm

Loading : 90rpm

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DC BATTERY

Battery Specification

Capacity : 12V and 7.3 Ah

Rechargeable battery one

Battery type : Lead – acid battery

Charge capacity : 4.2 hour loading condition

4.4MODELLING

4.1 Assembly of sprocket and chain

4.2 Part diagram of sprocket:

14
4.3Collecting bin model:

4.4 FABRACTION

15
4.6 ADVANTAGES

1. Automation or automatic control is the use of various control systems for

operating equipment

2. The biggest benefit of automation is that it saves labor; however, it is also used
to save energy and materials and to improve quality, accuracy and precision.

3. .Automation has been achieved by various means including mechanical,

hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, electronic devices and computers, usually in
combination.

4. Complicated systems, such as modern factories, airplanes and ships typically

use all these combined techniques

4.7 APPLICATIONS

1. Turbine Power from Drainage needs to be maintained.

2. It is able to clean solid waste only
3. Waste storage tanks need to be emptied from time to time
4. Width of the mechanism is limitation as it can clean drain width up to its
width only
5. Needs maintenance as it include mechanical components.

16
4.8 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Drainage Cleaning System is a social incentive project where we tried to

present a much better procedure to keep our drain clean and thus providing the way
to a cleaner and safer surrounding.

We performed the following test and results are being discussed as follows:

Weight Lifted: We tried to present the model where the model is successfully
able to lift the 1 Kg of the drainage APMC i.e solid waste. With the constraint of the
size and budget the project performs excellent in its parameters.

Speed of the Drain: As the setup which performs excellently on the

constraints condition that have been designed in view of the real life drain condition,
we try to provide the drain with the minimum speed of 5 Km/Hr and able to derive
out the results that the battery is getting charged and able to run the mechanism

17
 CHAPTER-5

CONCLUSION

The problem of drainage blockage due to plastic waste and other solid waste
can be eliminated by using of Automatic drainage cleaning system.Cleaning of
drains/gutters has always been a problem. Labours cleaning gutters & drain seems
unethical and also leads to a high risk of them catching infections or poisoning due
to large amounts of waste/chemicals in them. So here provide a fully automated
drain gutter cleaning mechanism to tackle these modern day gutter jamming issues.
The system uses an automated gutter/drain cleaning system that lets fluids flow
through it but catches large solid waste like bottles & plastic and accumulates it. So
gutter cleaners need to just clean these gutter cleaning systems installed at points
instead of cleaning entire gutter floors

18
REFERENCES

1) Ganesh U L,et.al.“Semi-Automatic Drain For Sewage Water Treatment Of Floating

Materials”, International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, Vol
No- 05, Jul-2016.

2) James C. Conwell, G.E. Jhonson, “Design, Construction and Instrumentation of a

Machine to Measured Tension and Impact Forces in Roller Chain Drives”,
December 1989.

3) S D Rahul Bharadwaj, Shraddha R Jogdhankar, “Automatic Wastewater treatment

process to reduce global warming” International Journal of Environmental Science:
Development and Monitoring, Vol No- 2 (2013).

4) Dr .K.Kumaresan et.al., “Automatic Sewage Cleaning Equipment”, International

Conference on Explorations and Innovations in Engineering and Technology ,
2016.

5) R.Sathiyakala et.al., “Smart Sewage Cleaning System” International Journal of

Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, Vol No- 4,
February 2016.

6) Balachandra, et.al.”Automatic Drainage Water Pump Monitoring and Control

System Using PLC and SCADA” International Journal of Innovative Research in
Technology, Vol No- 1, 2014.
19
7) Nitin Sall, et.al., “Drain Waste Water Cleaner”, Global Journal of Researches in
Engineering: J General Engineering Vol No- 16, 2016.

8) C. Daniels, “Drainage System Cleaner A Solution to Environmental Hazards”,

International Refered Journal of Engineering March 2014.

9) S S Rattan Department of Mechanical Engineering Regional Engineering College

KurukshetraS (2004). Publication: Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing company Limited.

20
 CHAPTER 6

PHOTOGRAPH

21