Chapter 1

Introduction

1.1 Background

The term wireless communication was introduced in the 19th century, wireless communication
technology has been developed over the subsequent years. It is one of the most important
transmission mediums for information from one device to other devices. In this technology, the
information can be transmitted through the air without requiring any cables or other electronic
conductors, by using electromagnetic waves like Infrared (IR), Radio Frequency (RF), satellite,
etc. In the present days, the wireless communication refers to a variety of communication devices
and technologies ranging from smart phones to computers, tabs, laptops, Bluetooth, printers etc.

1.2 Fifth Generation (5G) for Future Wireless Communication

Mobile communications industry has been developing many terms, and at present it has become
one of the important pillar industries in the global economic development. There is no doubt that
mobile communications technology is changing people’s life and work, and will continue to have
an important impact on social development. Correspondingly, people have ever-increasing
dependence and demand for mobile communications. In recent years, diversified businesses are
emerging in mobile communications, which has led to the rapid development of storing and
processing technology of massive data. Meanwhile, many breakthroughs have been made on the
research and development of artificial intelligence processor and real-time equipment. The
emergence of these new technologies has brought great convenience to people’s life. Meanwhile,
it has also put forward a greater challenge to the modern mobile communications technologies.
Therefore, 5G is facing both opportunities and challenges. The purpose of 5G age is to construct
a stable, convenient and economic information ecosystem for human beings. various features of
the information age will be included in the development of 5G, and users can enjoy more
convenient intelligent life. With the popularity of wearable devices, the types and number of
mobile terminals will experience explosive growth. Predictably, in the future, demand for virtual
reality and augmented reality experience, demand for claudication of massive office data,
wireless control of industrial manufacturing or production processes, remote medical surgery,
automation in a smart grid, transportation safety and other aspects, not only require 5G network
data transmission rate to reach a very high level, but also require real-time experience with
almost zero latency. In addition, cost reduction and energy saving should also be considered [1].
IoT is an ideal example of the full application of new generation technology. In all walks of life,
human beings are able to manage production and live in a more precise and dynamic manner via
IoT, achieving an “intelligent” state and improving resource utilization and productivity level.
IoT, as a main tool to realize intelligent life, work and production, extends the communications
from person-to-person, person-to-thing and thing-to-thing. The application of IoT is extremely
wide, including environmental protection, intelligent transport, public safety, government work,
home safety, intelligent firefighting, environmental monitoring, lighting control, health care,
food traceability, floriculture, water system monitoring, enemy spy, information collection and
many other fields. Therefore, it is of prime importance to foster the development of IoT, and the
development of IoT depends on the development of communications technology. It is
conceivable that when IoT is everywhere in our life, which means the “everything connected” is
realized, information transmission will be very frequent among thing-to-thing, person-to-thing
and person-to-person, and this change not only brings vitality and opportunities but also poses a
big challenge to mobile communications [1].

1.3 5G Application Scenarios and Requirements Indicators

Application scenarios of 5G are related to every aspect in people daily life, work, entertainment
and transportation, and wireless communications will show different characteristics in all kinds
of different scenarios. For example, the crowed or dense mobile devices areas such as residential
areas, stadiums and marketplaces, wireless communications will have the characteristics of high
traffic volume density and high number of connections, while on transport tools such as subway
and highspeed railways, the high mobility feature of wireless communications will be prominent.
At present, the Fourth-Generation mobile communications system (4G) is not able to satisfy the
requirements of some special scenarios featuring high traffic volume density, high number of
connections and high mobility. In crowded scenarios such as stadiums which need ultrahigh
traffic volume density and ultrahigh connection density, the needs of wireless communications
transmission rate is as high as that of the optical fiber so that it can carry the businesses like
photo transmission, video transmission, live broadcast and other services. In high-speed mobility
scenarios, e.g., High-Speed Rail (HSR), the traffic volume density and connection are relatively
lower than those of stadiums. Since HSR’s speed is usually above 200 km/h, it has high
requirements for the wireless communication systems to support high-speed mobility [1].
1.4 Objectives

• To understand the principle of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM),

its function and the idea of operation.

• To understand OFDM schemes and show the difference between each schemes.

• To understand the principle of Universal filter Muiti-Carrier (UFMC) modulation its function
and the idea of operation.

• To show the difference between OFDM and UFMC in terms of Bit Error Probability, Power
Spectral Density, and show the Spectral efficiency.

• To understand how to restore complex orthogonality using block spreading technique.

1.5 Organization of Project

This project report is arranged in 5 chapters. The ongoing chapter provides an introduction,
which provides information regarding the project background.

Chapter 2 presents a comprehensive overview for which provide a clear introduction onto the single
carrier and multicarrier modulation and shows the difference in many terms, and provide extensive
demonstration of each modulation scheme for both OFDM and UFMC and show the advantages and
disadvantages, and discuss the wireless channel parameters

Chapter 3 provides a detailed description of UFMC and OFDM, using a matrix based system model.
Furthermore, discussing the BER, Power Spectral Density and peak avarege power ratio.

Chapter 4 provides the simulation consideration for the parameters, the simulation results, and discuss
the relation in each Figure obtained, compare which modulation has a better performance.

Chapter 5 presents the conclusion for the whole research work and the future scope to the research that
has been conferred in the project.