ME-329 - Mechanical Vibrations

Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Institute of Avionics and Aeronautics (IAA)

Introduction
Dated: 9th March, 2021
Basic Concepts of Vibration

● Any motion that repeats itself after interval of time:

○ vibration or oscillation
● Swinging pendulum, plucked string
● Hear - eardrums vibrate; Sight - light waves undergo vibrations
● Breathe - vibration of lungs; Walk - oscillation of hands, legs
● Vibrations due to imbalance in high speed trains cause wheels to rise
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=71rYMGTy80Y; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HjJG4m16iCY&t=15s
● Vibrations caused by motors, pumps:
○ cause damage
○ make use of vibrations e.g. washing machine, toothbrush 2
Theory of Vibration

● Vibration deals with study of:

○ oscillatory motions of bodies
○ forces associated with them
● Vibratory system:
○ transfer of potential energy to kinetic energy and kinetic to potential
○ if system is damped, dissipates some energy in each cycle
○ if steady vibration is desired, this lost energy must be replaced by
external source
e.g. pendulum clock 3
 Vibratory System - Simple Pendulum
ΣF = m + cẋ + k x

● Displacement θ
● Acceleration Torque produced:
mgl sin θ
● k (stiffness, restoring l cos θ
force/torque)
● mgl sin θ
l sin θ
● ΣF (next external forces)
○ ΣF = 0 or some value
● cẋ or c = 0 or some value 4
Number of Degrees of Freedom

● Number of independent coordinates required to determine completely

position of all parts of system at any instant of time

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Number of Degrees of Freedom

● Two-degree-of-freedom system

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Number of Degrees of Freedom

● Two-degree-of-freedom system

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Number of Degrees of Freedom

● Three-degree-of-freedom system

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Continuous Systems

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● Read Article 1.3 (pg 10 - 13)

● Get ideas for semester project

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