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500MW Turbine O&M Manual Part#1of3
500MW Turbine O&M Manual Part#1of3
NO.STE-
NO.STE-TF-
TF-263-MS
This manual contains information on the turbine. Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited
operation and maintenance of steam turbine. can not be responsible for any malfunction
The information has been prepared with the occurring as a result of operation beyond
assumption that the O&M personnel have rated limits and such operation, if
basic knowledge of power plant engineering undertaken by utilities, must be at their own
and operation. risk.
SM VS SRP PCK SB
Prepared Approved
Checked
by by
by
5.0-0002-63/2
Subject Document No Subject Document No
□ Automatic turbine tester 5.2-0023-01/1 ■ Turbine stress controller: 5.2-0430-01/5
□ Protective devices 5.2-0024-01/1 measures to avoid
□ Safety devices 5.2-0025-01/1 impermissible operation
□ Valves 5.2-0026-01/1 ■ Stop & control valves 5.2-0440-01/2
□ Monitoring devices 5.2-0027-01/1 ■ Protective devices 5.2-0450-01/7
□ Operating parameters 5.2-0028-01/1 ■ Automatic turbine tester 5.2-0455-00/9
Start-up ■ Oil system 5.2-0460-00/6
■ Starting the turbine 5.2-0110-01/1 ■ Control fluid system 5.2-0470-00/3
■ Startup & shutdown 5.2-0111-00/1 ■ Gland steam system 5.2-0480-01/1
diagrams, symbols MAINTENANCE
■ Startup diagram ■ Introduction 5.3-0001-01/1
□ General 5.2-0112-00/2 ■ Inspection schedule 5.3-0010-04/3
□ Preparation for startup 5.2-0113-00/1 ■ Maintenance schedule
□ Operating position of 5.2-0120-00/1 □ Turbine 5.3-0021-02/1
manually operated valves □ Oil system, seal steam 5.3-0022-01/3
□ Oil System & Turning Gear 5.2-0130-02/5 system, drains
□ Control fluid system 5.2-0135-02/4 □ FRF system 5.3-0023-01/2
start-up diagram ■ Testing during start-up 5.3-0030-02/7
□ Condensing Plant 5.2-0140-02/4 ■ Testing during power 5.3-0035-02/5
□ Bypass System 5.2-0150-00/3 operation
□ Warm-up & startup of turbine 5.2-0160-02/6 ■ Acquisition & archiving of 5.3-0037-03/3
□ Temperature criteria 5.2-0170-01/4 operating data
□ Controllers 5.2-0180-00/4 ■ Remedial actions for off- 5.3-0040-01/6
On-load Running normal operating conditions
■ Load operation, Introduction 5.2-0200-00/1 ■ Measurement of internal 5.3-0050-02/3
■ Synchronization and loading 5.2-0210-00/5 efficiency
■ Power operation, controllers 5.2-0220-00/9 ■ Testing during shut down 5.3-0060-01/5
■ Actions to prevent 5.2-0230-00/4 ■ Testing during standstill 5.3-0061-02/6
unallowable heat-up ■ Testing of safety valves 5.3-0062-01/1
through blade wind age ■ Testing of signaling devices 5.3-0063-00/2
Shut-down ■ Testing of TSC 5.3-0064-01/4
■ Introduction 5.2-0300-00/1 ■ Steam washing of turbine 5.3-0070-02/3
■ Shutdown diagram ■ Turbine Oil care 5.3-0080-03/11
□ General 5.2-0310-01/1 ■ Grease and Oil lubrication 5.3-0081-00/1
□ Turbine-generator 5.2-0320-02/5 ■ Care of control fluid 5.3-0082-02/9
□ Condensing plant 5.2-0330-01/2 ■ Determination of FRF purity 5.3-0083-01/2
□ Oil system 5.2-0340-01/2 ■ Vibration dampers 5.3-0100-00/2
■ Fast cooling down of turbine 5.2-0350-01/1 ■ Instructions for overhaul 5.3-0200-05/8
■ Preventing corrosion in 5.2-0360-00/2 ■ Turbine restart after boiler 5.3-0210-00/1
idle turbine repairs
Fault Tracing ■ Turbine restart after major 5.3-0220-00/3
■ Introduction 5.2-0400-00/1 inspections or repairs
■ Serious faults 5.2-0410-00/8 ■ Environmental protection 5.3-0250-00/1
■ Vibration 5.2-0420-00/5 □ Fluorelastomer products 5.3-0251-00/1
■ Bearing temperature 5.2-0421-01/1 safety notice
■ Casing temperatures 5.2-0423-02/2 □ Safe disposal of turbine oil 5.3-0252-00/1
■ Ordering of spares 5.3-0300-00/1
5.0-0002-63/4
Steam Turbine
Description Cross Sectional Arrangement
This manual contains information on the turbine. Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited
operation and maintenance of steam turbine. can not be responsible for any malfunction
The information has been prepared with the occurring as a result of operation beyond
assumption that the O&M personnel have rated limits and such operation, if
basic knowledge of power plant engineering undertaken by utilities, must be at their own
and operation. risk.
SM VS SRP PCK SB
Prepared Approved
Checked
by by
by
The IP turbine has two reheat stop and control A common oil supply system lubricates and
valves. The reheat stop valves are spring-action cools the bearings . The main oil pump is driven
single-seat valves. The control valves, also by the turbine shaft and draws oil from the main
spring-loaded, have diffusers. The control valves oil tank. Auxiliary oil pumps maintain the oil
operate in parallel and are fully open in the supply on start-up and shutdown, during turning
upper load range. In the lower load range, they gear operation and when the main oil pump is
control the steam flow to the IP turbine and faulted. DC Emergency oil pump supplies oil to
ensure stable operation even when the turbine- the bearings during AC power failures.
generator unit is supplying only the station load.
A Jacking oil pump forces high-pressure oil
The reheat stop and control valves are under the shaft journals to prevent boundary
supported free to move in response to thermal lubrication during turning gear operation. The
expansion on the foundation cover plate below Jacking oil pump also supplies the high pressure
the operating floor and in front of the turbine- oil to the Hydraulic Turning gear motor. The
generator unit. All valves are actuated by lubricating and cooling oil is passed through oil
individual hydraulic servomotors. coolers before entering the bearings.
5.1-0002-04/2
Steam Turbine
Description Fixed Points
Design of the supports for the turbine has to Centering of LP outer casing is provided by
allow for the expansion of the turbine during guides which run in recesses in the foundation
thermal cycling. Constrained thermal expansion cross beam. Axial movement of the casings is
would cause overstressing of the components. unrestrained.
The method of attachment of the turbine Hence, when there is a temperature rise, the
components is also critical to the magnitude of outer casings of the HP turbine expand from
the differential expansion between the rotor and their fixed points towards Front pedestal. Casing
turbine casings which is given careful attention of IP Turbine expand from its fixed point towards
in the determination of internal clearances. the generator.
LP Casing expands from its fixed point at front
end, towards the generator.
Rotor Expansion
The following components form the fixed The thrust bearing is housed in the rear bearing
points for the turbine: pedestal of the HP turbine. The HP turbine rotor
expands from the thrust bearing
The HP, IP and LP turbine bearing pedestals
towards the front bearing pedestal of the HP
The horn supports of the HP and IP
turbine and the IP turbine rotor from the thrust
turbine at
bearing towards the generator.
HP- IP Pedestal
The LP turbine rotor is displaced towards the
At turbine end of longitudinal girder of the
generator by the expansion of the shaft
LP Turbine
assembly, originating from the thrust bearing.
The thrust bearing in the HP turbine rear
bearing pedestal Differential Expansion
Differential expansion between the rotors and
Casing Expansion
casings results from the difference between the
The bearing pedestals are anchored to the
expansion of rotor and casing originating from
foundation by means of anchor bolts and are
the HP-IP pedestal. The largest differential
fixed in position. The HP and IP turbines rest
expansions of the HP and IP turbines thus occur
with their lateral support horns on the bearing
at the ends farthest from the thrust bearing.
pedestals at the turbine centerline level. The HP
Differential expansion between the rotor and
and IP casings are connected with the bearing
casing of the LP turbine results from the
pedestals by casing guides which establish the
difference between the expansion of the shaft
centerline alignment of the turbine casings. The
assembly, originating from the thrust bearing
axial position of HP and IP casings is fixed at the
and the casing expansion, which originates from
HP-IP pedestal. Thermal expansion of the
the fixed points on the LP turbine longitudinal
casings originates from the fixed points. The LP
beams.
Turbine outer casing is held in place axially, at
turbine end of longitudinal girder by means of
fitted keys. Free lateral expansion is allowed.
5.1-0661-00/5
pressure respectively. This test oil reference operation, the pressure in the turbine
pressure is determined during condenser exceed a preset valve.
commissioning and entered in the
commissioning test record. Limit switch (6) Operation
must respond within the pressure range
When the condenser pressure exceeds the
between the settings of pressure switches
adjusted limit, the piston (6) is moved
MAX62CP211 and MAX62CP212. A slow
downwards by this pressure, which acts
buildup of pressure is required for this
against diaphragm {4), and the spring force
operation, that is why a relatively long
(3). Thereby pressure below piston (7) drops
monitoring period equivalent to the running
and this piston moves in its lower end
time of the actuator, has to be selected.
position by spring force connecting the
Premature response of the over speed trips
auxiliary trip fluid circuit to the drain. The
is annunciated.
resultant depressurization of the auxiliary
trip fluid circuit actuates main trip valves
Latching-in MAX51AA005 and MAX51AA006, thereby
closing all turbine valves.
Once the trip has been initiated, the actuator
of the hydraulic test signal transmitter is
driven back until the limit switch annunciates
that normal position has been reached.
Monitoring must be continued until the test
oil pressure at pressure switch MAX62
CP213 is less than 0.1 bar.
This double check-back of the hydraulic test
signal transmitter having returned to normal
position ensures that, after completion of
testing, the over speed at which the turbine
will trip is not reduced due to test oil
pressure remaining effective and that the
over speed trip will not be set off
prematurely in the event of load reduction.
While test oil pressure is decreased, the two
over speed flybolts/strikers spring back into
their normal positions at a pressure well
above 0.5 bar.
Subsequently, piston (5) is brought back into
its normal position by the pressure of
auxiliary start-up fluid II and latched-in with
pawl (4). At the same time, piston (5) shuts
off drain channel IV, so auxiliary trip fluid III
can build up pressure. Once this has been
done, the auxiliary start-up fluid can be
Test sequence
depressurized.
After energizing of test signal transmitter
(solenoid valve) MAG01AA201, fitted in the
signal line to the condenser, this signal line
Low Vacuum Trip is blocked off and simultaneously the space
MAGO1 AAO11 above diaphragm (4) is connected to
Function atmosphere. The air flow via orifice causes a
slow increase of pressure by which the
The function of the low vacuum trip is to pistons (6) and (7) move to their trip position
operate the main trip valve if, during normal
connecting the auxiliary trip fluid circuit to
the drain.
5.1-0661-00/6
The low vacuum trip is monitored for Dispersion of the auxiliary start-up fluid
operation within the specified vacuum range pressure is monitored by pressure switch
by observing pressure switches MAG01 MAX48CP201. The second reset solenoid
CP202 and MAG01CP204. MAX48 AA202 is then de-energized to
disperse the pressure between the two-
solenoid valves. This is monitored by
Latching-in pressure switch MAX48 CP202. The use of
When test signal transmitter (solenoid valve) two reset solenoids ensures that main trip
MAG01AA201 has been de-energized and valve MAX51AA005 and MAX51AA006 and
the connection between low vacuum trip and over speed trip will always be sure to be
the condenser re-established, condenser actuated if either one of the two reset
pressure builds up again above diaphragm solenoids is de-energized.
(4). Piston (6) moves into its upper end
position thereby opening the passage for the
control fluid flow to piston (7). When piston
(7) is in its upper end position, the auxiliary
trip fluid circuit is closed again. Restoration
of normal operating configuration is
annunciated by the limit switch of the low
vacuum trip and by pressure switches
MAG01CP201
Reset Solenoids
MAX48 AA201 and MAX48 AA202
Function
The function of the reset solenoids is to
restore the tripped protective devices to their
normal operating positions during the ATT
reset program.
Operation
The reset solenoids are two 2/3-way 1 Compression I Aux. start-up fluid
solenoid valves, fitted in the auxiliary start- spring II Aux. start-up fluid
2 Coil to protective devices
up fluid line. Both solenoid valves are
3 Valve disc III Control fluid
energized in the course of the reset program
conducted after each subtest, so that Fig. 7 –Reset Solenoid
auxiliary start-up fluid II is supplied with
control fluid III. The control fluid pressure
forces all protective devices back into their
normal operating positions and the trip fluid
and auxiliary trip fluid pressure can build up
again.
When the protective devices have latched-in
again, reset solenoid MAX48AA021 is de-
energized first to shut oft the control fluid
supply through this value.
5.1-0661-00/7
Steam Turbine Automatic Turbine Tester
Description Stop and Control Valves
Selection 3:
Closure of Control Valve
Reheat stop and control valve (LHS)
If all the test requirements have been
Selection 4: fulfilled and the selection and operation
Reheat stop and control valve (RHS) push buttons pressed, the control valve
(MAA10 and 20AA002) is closed by
means of the associated actuator (test
Test Procedure
motor –AA002M). Operation of the
Start of Test actuator (KA01) is continued until limit
The test starts with the selection of switch (-CG002C) and limit switch (-
subgroups by pressing the On/Off push- AA002M S72, S73) on the actuator is
button. tripped to annunciate that the control valve
being tested is in closed position.
The subgroup remains on until it is
switched off after the programme is
5.1-0662-01/2
During this time, the turbine output pressure switch MAX51CP222, 227. If all
controller compensates for the effects of conditions are fulfilled within this relatively
closure of the valve being tested on the long monitoring period, solenoid valve
turbine output by opening the remaining MAX61AA211 and 212 is de-energized
control valves. (operating position), so that trip medium is
once again able to flow to test valve
The running time for closure of the control
MAX47AA011 and 012 and the drain is
valve is monitored. If the control valve is
blocked off again. The buildup of trip
functioning properly, it will close within the
medium pressure is monitored by pressure
preset running time.
switch MAX51CP221, 226.
When the pressure is sufficiently high, the
Closure of Stop Valve
stop valve is opened by de-energizing
Then the solenoid valve (MAX61AA211 solenoid valve MAX47AA211 and 212
and 212) energized. This allows trip fluid (operating position). Test valve MAX47
to flow to the space below changeover AA011 and 012 switches over, admitting
slide valve (MAX61AA011 and 012), which trip medium to the underside of the piston
moves into its upper end position and disc KA02 and after a certain amount of
connects the space below piston disc further travel, slowly connects the space
(KA02) with the drain. The pressure in this above piston KA01 with the drain. The
space drops rapidly and is monitored by resultant pressure difference causes the
pressure switch (MAX51CP223,228). tensioned piston relay to open the stop
When the pressure at this pressure switch valve. As soon as the open position is
has dropped slightly below the breakaway reached, the full trip medium pressure
pressure of piston disc (KA02), monitoring builds up. This is monitored by pressure
of the stop valve closure time starts. The switch MAX51CP221, 228 and by limit
associated limit switch (-CG001E) switch –CG001D. Testing of the stop valve
annunciates entry of the valve into its is now completed.
closed position, thus making it possible to
monitor the valve closing action for
completion within the maximum Re-Opening of Control Valve
permissible running time. If the conditions are fulfilled within the
specified monitoring period, the control
valve is reopened. The motor of positioner
Opening of Stop Valve
–AA002M is operated in the opening
Next, solenoid valve MAX47AA211 and direction. Positioner –AA002M moves the
212 is energized (test position) and trip control valve into its original position in the
medium is admitted to the control surface reverse sequence to the closing action.
of the piston in the test valve MAX47 Again the initial pressure and output are
AA011 and 012. The pilot moves into its kept constant by the appropriate controller.
lower end position against the spring Operation of positioned -AA002M is
force, thus permitting trip medium to flow continued until, after a certain amount of
to the space above piston KA01 of the over travel, it has positively ceased to
stop valve. This piston is forced influence the controller. This position is
downwards by pressure of the medium, detected by limit switch –AA002 MS61 or
thereby tensioning the spring between –AA002 MS62. If the control valve is
piston KA01 and piston disc KA02 and functioning properly, it will open within the
finally pressing against piston disc KA02. preset running time.
Up to this point the medium pressure
above piston KA01 is relatively low, being
equal to the spring force acting against it. Cancellation of Selection
The spontaneous pressure rise when On conclusion of testing of each
piston KA01 has made contact with piston combination of valve assembly, the
disc KA02, and thus on completion of the selection is automatically cancelled and
spring tensioning action, is detected by the programme is shut down.
5.1-0662-01/3
Interruption due to Running Time Interruption due to Turbine Trip
Exceeded If electrical turbine trip is initiated during
The reset program is automatically testing, all solenoid valves are de-
initiated if the running time for any step in energized and positioner –AA002M is
the test program is exceeded. If any returned to its extreme position and the
running time is exceeded during the reset programme cancelled. All equipments
program, the program halts. In either case, associated with the automatic turbine
the alarms Fails signal and Time overrun tester are automatically returned to their
generated. If the Faults in ATT alarm is normal position.
displayed, the fault lies in the automatic
tester itself.
5.1-0662-01/4
Steam Turbine HP Actuator
Description
The actuator is of the two-stage the signal fluid pressure changes, pilot valve
amplification type, i.e. it incorporates pilot KA05 is displaced which results in
and main control mechanisms. The movement of auxiliary pilot piston KA06. The
actuating forces for movement of the HP movement of piston KA06 is transmitted via
control valve are generated, in the opening the resetting linkage of the pilot mechanism
direction, by main actuator piston KA02 to the resetting spring, causing spool valve
under the force of the control fluid and, in KA05 to return to the central position which
the closing direction, by the disc spring establishes proportionality between the
column. During actuation main pilot valve signal fluid pressure and the travel of
KA07 acts as a 3-way valve to allow the auxiliary pilot piston KA06.
control fluid to flow to the space behind main
At the same time, main pilot valve KA07
actuator piston KA02. Main pilot valve KA07
displaced via the resetting linkage system by
is actuated via the resetting linkage by
auxiliary pilot piston KA06, effects
means of auxiliary pilot piston KA06 which is
displacement of main actuator piston KA02
subject to control fluid pressure on both
whose movement returns main pilot valve
sides.
KA07 to the central position via the resetting
The actuating signal given by the signal fluid mechanism. Consequently the position of
pressure acts on the face of pilot valve KA05 the pilot and main actuator pistons are
pressing it against the resetting spring on proportional to the secondary fluid pressure
the opposite side. Acting as a 4-way valve, in the steady state (on completion of the
the pilot valve allows fluid to flow to both control action).
sides of auxiliary pilot piston KA06. When
5.1-0670-01/2
5.1-0003-02/2
(39), until the tension of the springs and Electric manual control
magnetic forces reach a state of The controller can be switched off by the
equilibrium. The armature returns to its push button “Controller on/off”. Then the
mid position, the pressures on the faces of valves can be controlled directly by hand
the slide gates (1a) are of equal by means of the push-button
magnitude. The slide gate moves to its “Higher/Lower” below the valve position
mid position, the oil flow to the cylinder is display with the aid of the remote-control
initially reduced and, when the slide gate manual control setter of the electrical
(1a) reaches its middle setting it is equipment. The inscription “Higher/Lower”
completely shut off, and the main piston of refers to the change in pressure when the
the hydraulic cylinder is in its set position. push-button is operated, e.g. “Higher”
The position of the main piston or rather means increasing the pressure (the leak-
the actuator is directly proportional to the off steam control valve closes or the seal
input signal on the servo valve. steam control valve opens). Manual
control is disconnected during automatic
control; the manual control setter is then
Double Blocking Valve
automatically tracked to the controller
A double blocking valve is connected to output voltage by the equalizing controller
the outlet side of the servo-valve. The so that when changing over from
pump pressure opens the hydraulically automatic control to manual control the
operated check valve (8). the connections manual control setter is already in the
to the hydraulic cylinder (5.1) are free. If correct position. Under manual control the
the oil supply fails, both hydraulically equalizing controller automatically tracks
operated check valve close. The hydraulic the output voltage of the disconnected
cylinder’s piston will be retained in its last controller 1.9 to the manual control
position. voltage. If the control deviation has been
reduced to zero by positioning the valves
Display of control deviation /Adjusting before the controller is switched on, the
the set value change-over from manual control to
automatic control will be bump less;
The control deviation is displayed on each otherwise the controller regulates the
of the two desk tiles for the valves. The pressure to the preset value after it has
two instruments are connected in parallel.
been switched on. Thus, it is quite easy to
The set value for steam pressure in the switch the controller on and off during
header can be adjusted between 0 and 22 operation.
mbar at the controller by means of the set
value push-button.
5.1-0670-01/3
5.1-0670-01/4
Steam Turbine Control System
Description Diagram Legend
Power Plant iden- Title Coor- Power Plant iden- Title Coor-
tification System dinete tification System dinete
LBS42 AA001 Extraction Check Valve A4 AB11 MAB10+ 20 Main Control Valve BC9,10
KA01 Servomotor A 11 AA002
LBS42 CG001A Remote Position Indicator B 11
KA01 Servomotor C10
LBS42 AA002 Extraction Check Valve A4 AB1 1,12 KA02 Piston C10
KA01 Servomotor A12 KA05 Pre Control Pilot Valve C10
LBS41 CG002A Remote Position Indicator B12 KA06 Relay Piston for Precontrol Pilot ValveC10
KA07 Main Pilot Valve C10
LBQ50AA001 Extraction Check Valve A5 E9 KA09 Hand wheel for Testing Device B10
KA01 Servomotor E9 M Electrical Motor for Testing Device B10
LBQ50CG001 A Remote Position Indicator E9 MS61 Torque Limit Switch,
Testing Device 100% ATT B10
LBQ5OAA002 Extraction Check Valve A5 E9 MS62 Travel Limit Switch,
LBQ50 CG002A Remote Position Indicator E9 Testing Device 100% ATT B10
MS72 Torque Limit Switch,
MAA10 + 20 Testing Device 0% ATT B10
AA001 Main Stop Valve ABC7 MS73 Travel Limit Switch, B10
KA01 Piston AB7 Testing Device 0% ATT
KA02 Piston Disc B7
MAB10 + 20
MAA10 + 20 CG002 A Remote Position Indicator C10
CG001 B,F,H Limit Switch, Open Valve Position B7 C Limit Switch, Closed Valve Position C10
C,G,J Limit Switch, Closed Valve Position B7 ATT
D Limit Switch, Open Valve PositionATT B7 MAD12
E Limit Switch, Closed Valve PositionATTB7 CY011,012,013 Electrical Thrust Bearing Trip D8
MAX31
MAX41 CP50l Pressure Gauge. Control Fluid
BB011, 016 Accumulator for HP Servomotor,
Main Control Valves B7 (Hydraulic Control Equipment Rack) C2
MAX31 Accumulator for HP Servomotor, MAX42AA001 Slide Valve for Swing Check Valve
BB21, 26 Reheat Control Valves B9 Cold Reheat D7
MAX31 BB021 Accumulator for HP Servomotor, MAX42AA002 Slide Valve for Swing Check Valve
BB041,049 Bypass Control Valves C11 Cold Reheat D8
MAX32
MAX42AA011 Non-Return Valve B1
BT011 +012 Fluid Filter for Pre Control.
Main Control Valves A7
MAX42BT001 Fluid Filter
(Hydraulic Control Equipment Rack) C1
5.1-0681-05/2
Power Plant iden- Title Coor- Power Plant iden- Title Coor-
tification System dinete tification System dinete
MAX45 MAX47CG001F Limit Switch, 56% G1
CG001 A Remote Position Indicator F4 MAX47CP501 Pressure Gauge, Start-up Fluid G1
K Remote Position Indicator F4 MAX48 CP501 Pressure Gauge,
T Solenoid F4 Auxiliary start-up fluid E3
B Limit Switch Operating Without Bypass
Valves and Adjusting Device Blocked F5
C Limit Switch, Displacement of MAX51
Control Valves F5 AA005 +006 Main Trip Valve B2
MAX46CP501 Pressure Gauge. MAX51 CP542 Pressure Gauge, Trip Fluid above Piston
Auxiliary Secondary Fluid F2 547 Reheat Stop Valve A9
MAX47BY001 Starting and Load Limit Device F1 MAX 52 CP501 Pressure Gauge, Aux, Trip Fluid D3
KA01 Hand wheel F1
KA02 Valve F1
M Electrical Motor F1
5.1-0681-05/3
Power Plant Iden- Title Coor- Power Plant Iden- Title Coor-
tification System dinate tification System dinate
MYA01
CS011-013 Electrical Speed Transmitter E1
MAG01 AA201 Solenoid Valve for Testing
Low Vacuum Trip B4
MAX42AA001 Solenoid Valve, Adjustment of
Control Valves F5
MAX47
AA211 +212 Solenoid Valve for start -up Fluid,
Main Stop Valve B5
MAX 47
AA221 +222 Solenoid Valve for Start-up Fluid,
Reheat Stop Valves B8
MAX48
AA201 +202 Solenoid Valve for Auxiliary
Start-Up Fluid B1,2
MAX62CP501 Pressure Gauge, Test Oil Overspeed D1 MAX53AA051 Solenoid Valve for Sequential
Trip Water Injection C13
MAY10
AA001 +002 Overspeed Trip E2 MAX61AA201 Solenoid Valve for Changeover from
KA01 Releasing Device E2 Trip Fluid to Control Fluid C3
MAY10
CG001 +002 C Limit Switch, Alarm E3
E Limit Switch Alarm ATT E3
5.1-0681-05/4
Power Plant iden- Title Coor-
Power Plant iden- Title Coor-
tification System dinete
tification System dinete
MAX48 CP202 Pressure Switch for Auxiliary
MAX61 Start-up Fluid Between Solenoid
AA211 +212 Solenoid Valve for Testing of
Valves MAX48AA201 and202 B1
Main Stop Valves C5,6
MAX51
MAX61
CP001 +002 Pressure transmitter for Trip fluid A1
AA221 +222 Solenoid Valve for Testing of
Reheat Stop Valves C8 MAX51
CP205 +206 Pressure Switch for Trip Fluid Between
Solenoid Valves MAX51 AA201
and 202 B3
LBS42 CP002 Differential Pressure Monitor for
Extraction Check Valve-A4
MAX51
(Batron -Cell) B11
CP207 +208 Pressure Switch for Trip Fluid Ahead of
Changeover Valve MAX51 A211 B3
MAX51
CP209 +210 Pressure Switch for Trip Fluid Ahead of
MAG01CP201 Pressure Switch, low-Vacuum Trip,
Changeover Valve MAX51 AA211 B2,3
Vacuum min. B4
MAX51CP 221 Pressure Switch for Trip Fluid ahead of
MAG01CP202 Pressure Switch, low-Vacuum Trip,
+226 Main Stop Valve, Test Valve B6
Vacuum max. B4
MAX51CP222 Pressure Switch for Pressure above
MAG01CP203 Pressure Switch, low-Vacuum Trip,
+227 Piston of Main Stop Vale B7
Vacuum min. B5
MAX51 CP223 Pressure Switch for Pressure below
MAG01CP204 Pressure Switch, low-Vacuum Trip
+228 Piston Disc of Main Stop Vale A7
Vacuum max. B5
MAX51CP242 Pressure Switch for Trip Fluid above
MAG10CP011 Pressure Switch, Electrical Low
+247 Piston of Reheat Stop Valve A9
Vacuum Trip.
Signal Pressure to high E13 MAX51 CP243 Pressure Switch for Trip Fluid Below
+248 Piston Disc of Reheat Stop Valve B9
MAG 10CP012 Pressure Switch, Electrical low
Vacuum Trip, Alarm E13 MAX52CP211 Pressure Switch for Auxiliary
Trip Fluid B3
MAG10CP013 Pressure Switch Electrical low Vacuum
Trip Interlocking MAG10CPO12 E14 MAX62 CP 211 Pressure Switch for Test oil of
overspeed Trip max D1
MAG10CP016 Pressure Switch for Energizing of
Vacuum Breaker E13
MAX62 CP 212 Pressure Switch for Test oil of
overspeed Trip max. D1
MAX45 CP211 Pressure Switch For Reheat Control
Valves Secondary Fluid E2
MAX62 CP 213 Pressure Switch for Test oil of
overspeed Trip Pressure Collapsed D2
MAX48 CP201 Pressure Switch For Auxiliary C2
Start-up Fluid
MAX45 AA031 Pressure Converter for IP secondary
Oil E4
5.1-0681-05/5
Steam Turbine Lubrication Chart
Description
5.1-0690-05/2
Steam Turbine Technical Data
Description Construction, Speed
& Steam Pressure
Load
Construction
Double flow IP Turbine with 12 reaction stages per flow Type : M30-63
Double flow LP Turbine with 6 reaction stages per flow Type : N30-2x10-2
2 Main Stop and Control valves (HP casing mounted) Type : EV 320-1
2 LP Bypass Stop and Control Valves (EHA Based) Make : CCI, Switzerland
Extraction 1 : No valve
Extraction 6 : No valve
Function
The function of the hydraulic speed governor Mode of Operation
is to operate the control valves to give the If the primary oil pressure falls (as a result of
appropriate turbine steam throughput for the increasing load and the resulting drop in
particular load condition. The arrangement speed), the link (11) and the sleeve (5)
and functioning of the governor within the sliding on the follow-up piston (4) are moved
overall governing system is described in the downwards by the speed setting spring (13)
section on governing. so that the overlap of the ports in the sleeve
and the follow-up piston is reduced. This
Construction causes the pressure in the auxiliary
secondary fluid circuit to rise and the follow-
The principal components of the speed
up piston follows the movement of the
governor are the bellows (8), the link (11),
sleeve against the increasing force of the
the speed setting spring (13), the sleeve (5)
tension spring (3) until normal overlap of the
and the follow-up piston (4). The primary oil
ports and equilibrium are restored. The lift of
supply from the hydraulic speed transmitter
the control valves is increased in this
is available at connection ‘a1‘. A fire
manner by the increased secondary fluid
resistant fluid is used as the hydraulic fluid in
pressure.
the governing system. An additional bellows
(9) prevents primary oil getting into the Conversely, a rise in primary oil pressure
control fluid circuit if there be a leakage in causes the lift of the control valves to be
the governor bellows (8). In this case, the reduced.
leakage oil can be drained off via connection
When the pre-compression of the speed
‘c1 ‘. In case a leak in the bellows (9) occur,
setting spring (13) is varied with the
the control fluid that has leaked in will also
reference speed setter it changes the
be drained off via connection ‘c1’.
relationship between the primary oil
The primary oil pressure (connection ‘a1‘) is pressure and the secondary fluid pressure
dependent on the speed and determines the and hence the relationship between speed
position of the link (11) via the bellows (8) and power output.
and the push rod (10). The speed setting
Lever (12) allows the link (11) to be
spring (13) opposes the primary oil
depressed by hand to give a lift signal to the
pressure. Its pre-compression can be varied
governor, e.g. to provide a second means of
either by hand or remotely by the motor (16).
overspeeding the machine for testing the
The sleeve (5) which can slide on the
overspeed trips in addition to the overspeed
bottom end of the follow-up piston (4) is
trip tester.
attached to the link (11). The follow-up
piston is held against the auxiliary
secondary fluid pressure (connection ‘b’) by Starting and load limiting device
the tension spring (3). The follow-up piston Before start-up, the pilot valve (21) is
and the sleeve have ports, which at normal brought to its bottom limit position either by
overlap allow sufficient fluid to escape to hand or remotely by the motor (20). This
produce equilibrium between the auxiliary causes the bellows to be compressed via
secondary fluid pressure and the force of the the lever (6) and the pin (7) until the
tension spring (3). governor assumes the position “Control
Each steady-state position of the link (11) valves closed”. With the pilot valve (21) in
and hence of the sleeve (5) corresponds to the bottom limit position, control fluid from
a specific force from the tension spring (3) connection ‘a’ can flow simultaneously to the
and hence to a specific secondary fluid auxiliary start-up fluid circuit (connection
pressure which in turn determines the ‘u1‘) and as start-up fluid via connection ‘u’
position of the control valves.
5.1-0710-00/2
Steam Turbine Adjusting Gear
Description
Function
spindle to slide axially in the bushing (4),
The adjusting gear is used for manual or which can rotate in cover (19). Spring (6)
motor operation of the reference speed forces the thrust rings (18) against bushing
setter and the starting and load limiting (4) which prevents bushing (4) and spindle
device. (16) from turning. Spindle (16) however, can
be moved axially by turning the worm wheel
Mode of Operation (15).
The speed/load adjusting gear is operated Spindle (16) can be moved up or down
either manually or by means of motor (28). depending on which direction worm- wheel
The rotary movement of the motor shaft is (15) turns. The limit of travel is set by limit
transmitted to worm wheel (15) via worm rings (14 and 17). If either stop has been
wheel (9) and the worm attached to it. reached the thrust rings operates as a slip
Wormwheel (15) is located axially on the coupling. The thrust rings also protect the
threaded portion of the hand wheel spindle motor (28) from overload in the event of
(16) by insert (5) and the gear casing (11). restrictive movement within the adjusting
The spindle (16) is connected with bushing gear.
(4) by a feather key so as to permit the
Function
The electro-hydraulic converter is the
connecting element between the electrical
and hydraulic parts of the turbine control
system. It converts the signals from the
electric controller into the hydraulic signals
and amplifies them before transmitting them
to the actuating devices.
Construction
The principal components of the converter
are moving coil system (12), sleeve (10),
pilot valve (6), amplifier piston (3), follow-up
pistons (21), differential transformer (1) and
actuator (17). Bushings and follow-up
pistons ‘A’ are connected to each other via
the adjusting screws (24), spring end pieces
and the springs (22). The control signals
from the electro-hydraulic controller operate
the sleeve (10) via the moving coil system
(12). This sleeve slides up and down on the
top end of the pilot valve (6) and determines
the position of the valve in the manner of a
follow-up piston. The pilot valve and sleeve
have ports which depending on the overlap,
control the amount of trip fluid flowing from
connection ‘x’. In the steady-state condition,
the pilot valve is in its center position and
the trip fluid pressure acting on the face of
the pilot valve is in equilibrium with the force
of compression spring (9). The pilot valve is
kept in rotation by control fluid flowing from
tangential holes in an integral collar to give
greater freedom of reciprocal motion and
achieve high response sensitivity. counter balance the fluid pressure acting on
the follow-up pistons (21). Each follow-up
When the pilot valve is deflected from its piston and sleeve (20) has ports, which
center position, control fluid from connection control the secondary fluid flow according to
‘a’ is admitted to the space above or below their overlap. When the throttling area is
the amplifier piston (3) with the opposite side changed by the movement of the sleeve
of the piston opened to the fluid drain. The (20), it also changes the pressure in the
resulting motion of the amplifier piston is follow-up piston causing it to follow the
transmitted via lever (13) to the sleeves (20) movement of the sleeve. This varies the
which in turn can slide on the following-up tension of springs (22) until equilibrium is
pistons (21). The secondary fluid circuits, regained between the spring force and the
which are fed from the trip fluid circuit via new secondary fluid pressure. Each position
throttles and supply the various actuating of the amplifier piston (3) thus corresponds
devices, are connected at point ‘b’. The to a specific position of the sleeves (20) and,
secondary fluid pressures are determined by
the tension of springs (22) which
5.1-0730-02/2
of the rotary shaft (15) situated above it are Setting Device for start-up without
connected by the springs (22) of follow-up Bypass Valves
pistons ‘B’, the guide pin (16) and the If the plant is started up without bypass
setscrews (30). During normal operation an system, the IP/reheat stop and control
energized solenoid valve allows control fluid valves must open before the main steam
‘a1’ to flow under the piston (25) of the stop and control valves. For this purpose,
actuator (17). The piston (25) is moved the hand wheel (32) is set in the upper end
upwards against the forces of the spring position. Signal from limit switch (33):
(26). Stop (34) locked in normal position by Setting device in operation without
pin and the initial tension of the tension bypass system position.
springs (22) of the follow-up pistons ‘B’ is
adjusted by means of the lever (28, 14)
which results in the IP control valves
opening in relation to the HP control valves
as intended for this operation.
If the condition turbine load less than a set
minimum load and the ratio of HP
exhaust steam pressure to main steam
pressure greater than the set pressure
ratio is fulfilled, for example after load
shedding, the solenoid valve will be de-
energized. This blocks the flow of control
fluid to the actuator (17) and allows control
fluid under the piston (25) to flow into the
return pipe. The force of the spring (26)
moves the piston into the lower end position
and the tension springs (22) of the follow-up
pistons ‘B’ are adjusted so that the IP control
valves do not begin to open until the HP
control valves are wider open. The lever (28)
then rests on the precisely set stop (34).
Limit switch (29) indicates: Setting device
engaged.
5.1-0730-02/3
Steam Turbine Hydraulic Amplifier
Description for Turbine Control System
Function
auxiliary secondary circuit and the force of
The function of the hydraulic amplifier is to
spring (8) are in equilibrium. The pilot valve
amplify the signals from the hydraulic speed
is kept in rotation by control fluid flowing
governor (connection ‘b1’) so that they are
from tangential holes in an integral collar to
sufficient for the actuating devices.
give greater freedom of reciprocal motion
and high response sensitivity.
Construction When the pilot valve is deflected from its
The principal components of the amplifier center position control fluid from connection
are amplifier piston (1), pilot valve (7), ‘a’ is, admitted to the space above or below
follow-up piston (2) with sleeves (3), the amplifier piston (1) with the opposite side
mechanical feedback system (6) and of the piston opened to the fluid drain. The
actuator (21). Bushings and follow-up resulting motion of the amplifier piston is
pistons ‘A’ are connected to each other via transmitted via lever (5) to the sleeves (3)
the setscrews (10), spring end pieces and which in turn, slide on the follow-up piston
springs (11). Auxiliary secondary fluid flows (2). The secondary fluid circuits, which are
over the pilot valve (7) via connection ‘b1’. In fed from the trip fluid circuit via throttles and
the steady-state condition, the pilot valve is supply the various actuating devices, are
in its center position and the pressure in the
5.1-0740-02/2
reduction in the secondary fluid pressure If the condition Turbine load less than a
causes the actuating device to close. The set minimum load and the ratio of HP
motion of the amplifier piston produces a exhaust steam pressure to main steam
simultaneous feedback via lever (6) and pressure greater than the set pressure
causes the pilot valve to assume its center ratio is fulfilled, for example after load
position when the new position of the shedding, the solenoid valve will be de de-
amplifier piston is reached. Each auxiliary energized. This blocks the flow of control
secondary fluid pressure corresponds to a fluid to the actuator (21) and allows control
certain position of the piston (1) which, in fluid under the piston (20) to flow into the
turn, results in a certain secondary fluid return pipe. The force of the spring (19)
pressure at connection ‘b’ with each moves the piston into the lower end position
auxiliary fluid pressure. The degree of and the tension springs (11) of the follow-up
proportionality of the hydraulic governor can pistons ‘B’ are adjusted so that the IP control
be adjusted by varying the position of lever valves do not begin to open until the HP
pivot (6) with the setscrew (9). control valves are wider open.
The follow-up piston ‘B’ and the lever (15) of The lever (16) then rests on the precisely set
the rotary shaft (12) situated above it are stop (25). Limit switch (17) indicates:
connected by the springs (11) of follow-up Setting device engaged.
pistons ‘B’, the guide bolts (13) and the
setscrews (14).
Setting Device for Start-up without
During normal operation, an energized bypass valves
solenoid valve allows control fluid ‘a1’ to flow If the plant is started up without bypass
under the piston (20) of the actuator (21). system, the IP/reheat control valves must
The piston (20) is moved upwards against open before the main steam control valves.
the force of the spring (19). Stop (25) locked For this purpose, the hand wheel (24) is set
in normal position by pin and the initial in the upper end position.
tension of the tension spring (11) of the Signal from limit switch (23): Setting device
follow-up piston ‘B’ is adjusted by means of in operation without bypass system
the lever (15, 16) which result in the IP position.
control valves opening in relation to the HP
control valves as intended for this operation.
5.1-0740-02/3
Speed
* This speed range should be passed through in one smooth operation to avoid endangering the
blades due to resonance
Steam Pressures
♦ ♣ ♥ Unit
Rated Long time operation Short time operation
5.1-0100-63/2
Steam Turbine Electrical Speed Pick-Up
Description
Construction and Mode of Operation toothed wheel, which rotates, with the
The electrical speed pick-up located in the rotation of the turbine shaft. On rotation of
front bearing pedestal indicates the exact the toothed wheel (1), electrical impulses
speed through all speed ranges of the are generated as a result of alternating
turbine. The measuring procedure effect between the speed probe (3) and
functions as follows: - the toothed wheel (1). The output
frequency is conducted to the speed-
A toothed wheel (1) is mounted on shaft measuring unit.
(2) of main oil pump. The speed probes
are installed around the periphery of the
Function
The pressure converter is installed in the IP
secondary oil circuit. It does not permit to
raise the IP secondary oil pressure beyond
certain value.
Construction
The pressure converter is provided with a
follow up piston (3), which slides in the
bushing (6) at the top, and in the sleeve (2)
at the bottom. The bushing and follow up
piston are connected to each other via the
set screw (9, 10) and the spring (4). There
are drainage slots in the follow up piston (3)
and sleeve (2), through which a larger or
smaller amount of fluid can flow into the fluid
return line ‘c’ depending on how much they
overlap. The fluid pressure prevailing in the
follow up piston (3) is connected to the
reheat control valves for speed control via
connection ‘x’.
Mode of Operation
When the setscrew (9) of the pressure
converter has been appropriately set, IP
secondary fluid pressure is permitted to
increase to certain value.
1 Ring 8 Cap
2 Sleeve 9 Set Screw
3 Follow up piston 10 Set Screw
4 Spring
5 Casing
6 Bushing c Return flow
7Cover x IP secondary fluid
5.1-0810-01/2
Steam Turbine Servomotor for Main
Description and Reheat Stop Valves
The operative part of the servomotor the piston and the piston disc connected to
consists of a two-part piston, the lower disc- the valve stem moves to close the valve.
shaped part of which is connected via piston Just before the valve disc seats, the piston
rod to the valve stem. The other part of the disc enters a part of the cylinder where the
piston is bell-shaped and moves within the diametral clearance is reduced. This
housing, which is in the form of a cylinder. arrangement restricts the flow of fluid past
Two spiral springs are placed between the the piston disc and so produces a braking
two halves of the piston at the lower end a action, which causes the valve disc to seat
spring plate is interposed between the gently.
springs and the piston disc. When trip fluid
All fluid connections are routed through a
is admitted to the space above the bell-
test valve. All operations can be controlled
shaped part of the piston, it moves this half
by means of the test valve and the starting &
of the piston downwards, compressing the
load limiting device and main trip valve.
springs, until it seats against the piston disc.
After the main stop valves have been
opened, the turbine is started by the control
valves. Before the main stop valves can be
opened, however, they must be
“pressurized”, i.e. prepared for opening, by
admitting trip fluid from the trip fluid circuit to
the space above the piston to press it down
against the piston disc after overcoming the
resistance of the springs. The edge of the
bell-shaped half of the piston is designed to
produce an fluid tight seal with the piston
disc.
To open the valve, fluid from the trip fluid
circuit is admitted to the space below the
piston disc and, simultaneously, the space
above the bell-shaped half of the piston is
opened to drain. This causes both halves of
the piston to move together in the direction,
which opens the valve. In order to reduce
fluid leakage past the bell-shaped part of the
piston when the valve is open, a back seat is
provided in the housing against which the
collar of the piston can seat.
When the valve is tripped, the pressure in
the trip fluid circuit, and hence in the space
below the piston disc, falls, with the result
that the springs separate the two halves of
The flow of steam to the turbine is regulated order to ensure that the valve moves freely
by varying the lift of the control vale by at all times.
means of its servomotor. Main Control System
The control valve is actually moved by the The movement of the pilot piston (4) deflects
piston (9), which is loaded, on one side by the main pilot valve (3) from its center
the disc springs (10) and on the other side position by means of lever (5) so that either,
by hydraulic pressure. The position of the control fluid from connection ‘a’ is directed to
valve is determined by the secondary fluid the underside of piston (9) and the control
pressure, which is controlled by the valve opens, or the underside of piston is
governor. Since large operating forces are opened to drain so that the disc springs can
required, the servomotor is of the high- close the control vale. Shortly before the
pressure type (approx. 32 bar) and has a main valve disc actually comes into contact
pilot control system. The supply of with the seat, the servomotor piston (9)
secondary fluid (connection ‘b’) controls the enters a recess turned in the body and
auxiliary pilot valve (14) which directs control throttles the flow of fluid draining from the
fluid from connection ‘a1’ to the appropriate underside of the piston. This slows down the
side of the pilot piston (4). The pilot piston valve closing motion and the disc seats
operates the main pilot valve (3) through gently. The spring (1) pre-loads the linkage
lever (5) so that when the valve is being and prevents any slackness or lost motion at
opened, control fluid from connection ‘a’ is the pivots. The straight feedback cam (7)
directed to the underside of piston (9). When mounted on the end of the servomotor
the valve is being closed, fluid drains piston rod (8) returns the main pilot vale (3)
through the main pilot valve. to its center position by means of a lever
system. The slope of the feedback cam is in
Pilot Control System
two stages to give two degrees of
When the turbine is running and the valve is proportionality, which produce good linearity
steady at any particular value of lift, the of the steam flow characteristics.
auxiliary pilot valve (14) will be in the center
position shown in the drawing. In this Testing Device
position the force exerted by the spring (13) The control valve can be operated either by
and the secondary fluid pressure acting on hand or under power independently of the
the auxiliary pilot valve are in equilibrium. governor by means of the testing device (11)
When the governor varies the secondary in order to check the free movement of the
fluid pressure to open or close the control valve. The testing device acts on the lever
valve, the auxiliary pilot valve is deflected (5) in the same manner as the pilot piston
from this center position. This allows control (4); the system demanding the smaller valve
fluid (connection’ a1 ‘) to flow to one side of lift being in control,
the pilot piston (4) while the other side of the
Damping Device
piston is opened to drain. The movement of
the pilot piston returns the auxiliary pilot Fig.2 illustrates the auxiliary pilot valve (14)
valve to its center position by means of the and the damping device in the secondary
feedback linkage (12) thus giving fluid circuit. Any signals in the secondary
proportionality between secondary fluid fluid circuit are damped out by passing the
pressure and pilot piston travel. The degree secondary fluid through capillary tube (16)
of proportionality of the pilot control system before it enters the auxiliary pilot vale (14).
can be adjusted by varying the position of Any air carried by the secondary fluid is
the feedback lever pivot (12). The auxiliary conducted to the free space in the actuator
pilot valve is continuously rotated by the via the screw plug (18) and holes in the
action of fluid issuing from tangential casing of the damping device and pilot
drillings in a disc mounted on its spindle in valve.
Opening of the Emergency Stop Valve Closing the Emergency Stop Valve by
In order to open the emergency stop valve, Automatic Testing Device
the valve (6) must first be forced downwards When trip fluid is admitted under the
against the force of the spring (7). This can auxiliary valve (5) via connection v, this will
either be done by start-up fluid (connection be forced upwards against the force of the
‘u’) or manually with the hand wheel (3). Trip spring (4). This links connection x2 with
fluid (connection ‘x’) can then flow to drain ‘c’ via valve (5). Fluid thus drains
connection ‘x1’ and on over the piston in the under the piston disc in the emergency stop
emergency stop valve. The valve must then valve and the valve closes suddenly.
be returned to the upper position, either by
Function and Construction inlet of the valve body (2) and remains
One stop and one control valve are above the valve disc (7) when the stop
combined in a common body with their valve is closed. A pilot valve, integral with
stems arranged at right angles to each the valve stem (6) is provided for relieving,
other. The stop valve can interrupt the thereby reducing the force necessary for
supply of steam from the reheater to the opening. The valve disc (7) slides in the
IP and LP turbines extremely quickly. The bushing of the valve cover (4) and has a
control valve controls the steam flow to bead on the back which lies against the
the IP and LP turbines on load rejection, base bushing (5) and provides additional
start-up & shutdown and remains fully sealing at this point. Metal packing rings (3)
open in the upper load range to eliminate seal the valve stem. The stop valve is
any throttling losses. Further details of the opened hydraulically and closed by spring
arrangement of the valve combination in force.
the control system can be seen under
section “Governing system”.
Testing Stop Valves
Each stop valve must be checked for
Reheat Stop Valve correct operation at regular intervals. A test
The stop valve is a single seat valve with valve is provided for this purpose. The
integral pilot valve. Steam enters via the checking procedure is described in section
“Test valve”.
5.1-0814-00/2
Low vacuum trip, standard setting
Axial shift
Alarm ± 0.5 mm
Trip ± 1.0 mm
Direction of rotation
Anti clock wise when viewed from Front Pedestal towards the Generator
5.1-0100-63/3
Steam Turbine Hangers for Reheat Stop
Description and Control Valves
The reheat stop and control valves arranged directions. Tensile forces are taken up via
beneath the turbine operating floor in front of the disk spring (8) and tie rod (6) by girders
the turbine-generator unit are suspended at (1) that rest horizontally on shims in a
three points from girders in the upper recess in the foundation and are connected
foundation plate in such a way that they can to the foundation via clamping plates.
follow thermal expansion of the steam lines.
Tie rod (6) is screwed into rod cap (5) and
The ball-and-socket design of the tie caps when the correct elevation of the reheat stop
(5) and spring body (9) and the disk spring and control valve (3) has been established,
stack (8) arrangement permit free movement is secured to prevent turning.
of the reheat stop and control valve (3) in all
Function
The function of the changeover valve is to
manually operate the actuator of the
bleeder check valve.
Mode of Operation
The trip fluid (connection x) holds the valve
(10) in the upper end position (illustrated)
against the force of the spring (8). The trip
fluid flows via the holes in the valve to
connection x 1 and then on to the actuator
of the bleeder check valve. The valve can
be moved downwards by means of hand
wheel (1). In this way connection x1 is
connected to the fluid drain ‘c’ and the fluid
drains away from the actuator of the bleeder
check valve. The spring of the actuator can
then initiate the closing of the check valve. If
the pressure drops at the trip fluid
connection x, the spring (8) pushes the
valve (10) downwards. In this way the fluid
drain of the actuator is also freed.
Function
The auxiliary valve controls the fluid supply With this position of the valve, the trip oil
to the extraction check valve actuators and ‘x’ can flow to the other valves and as
its function is to give the check valves a soon as these valves have been
signal to close in the case of a drop in load switched to the upper position by
or trip-out so that steam can not flow out of secondary fluid from follow-up piston of
bleeder lines back to the turbine. The reheat control valves-on to the change-
auxiliary valve serves several check valves. over valves of the extraction check
valves (connection ‘x1‘). The check
valves are then free to open. On a
Mode of Operation reduction in load, as mentioned above,
Trip fluid is admitted through connection ‘x’ the pressure above the valve (11) is
on the body (10) (section A-B). Secondary reduced accordingly while the Pressure
fluid from follow-up pistons of main control below the valve is retained for a while.
valves is admitted to the spaces above and This is made possible by the fact that the
below the valve (11) through connection ‘b2’ pressure reduction below the valve is
As the pressure above and below the valve retarded by the ball (15) and the
(11) are equal under normal conditions, the pressure in the accumulator (connection
valve is held in the lowest position by the ‘b’) until the equilibrium is re-established
force of the spring (7).
5.1-0841-00/2
Steam Turbine Rotary Vane Actuator
Description for Reheat Swing-Check Valve
Function
The function of the rotary vane actuator segments (1). This rotary movement,
flanged to the swing-check valve is to transmitted by actuator shaft (8) to shaft (3)
open or close the swing-check valve fitted of the swing-check valve via coupling (5;6)
in the cold reheat line. closes the swing-check valve. Conversely,
the swing-check valve is opened when
control fluid is admitted through
Operation connections ‘d1’
When the pilot valve operated by the
transformer of the speed controller
Seals, Fixing
passes control fluid via connections ‘d’ to
the interior of the actuator, the adjacent Actuator shaft (8) is guided in bushings
connection ‘d1’ is depressurized. The (11) at both ends of the segments (1) and
control fluid then flows through bores in is sealed off by seal ring (10). The
the body into the two diametrically segments (1) are fixed in body (12) and in
opposite chambers turning rotary vane (2) cover (13) by means of fitted pins. Leaking
on actuator shaft (8) into contact with the fluid ‘c’ is drained to the header.
Function
The function of the pilot valve is to control
the admission of control fluid to the moving
vane actuator in such a way that the swing-
check valve is operated in accordance with
the pressure in the secondary fluid circuit.
Mode of operation
The swing-check valve is kept open as long
as the pressure in the secondary fluid circuit
does not drop below a definite limit value. If
signal fluid enters the body via connection
‘b’, the valve (10) is lifted against the action
of the spring (5). The initial tension of this
spring and thus the point at which the swing-
check valve opens can be adjusted. If the
valve (10) is lifted beyond the center position
illustrated, the control fluid entering at
connection ‘a’ flows on to a chamber of the
actuator via connection ‘a2’ to open the
swing-check valve. Connection ‘a1’ then
communicates with the fluid return ‘c’ via
passages in the body, permitting the fluid to
drain away from the actuator chambers not
supplied with control fluid. If the valve (10)
drops below the center position illustrated,
the control fluid will then be conversely
admitted to the actuator chambers in such a
way that the swing-check valve closes.
To prevent the valve (10) from seizing in its
sleeve (9) during operation control fluid is
passed through the center bore and out
through the tangential bores at the wheel
disc (8) to impart rotary movement to the
valve (10). For this reason, a thrust ball
bearing (7) and a ball (13) is fitted for this
purpose.
1 Throttle capillary tube 12 Slotted nut
2 Cap nut 13 Ball
3 Setscrew
4 Hood
5 Compression spring
6 Spring disc
7 Thrust ball bearing
8 Wheel disc
9 Valve bush
10 Valve
11 Bush c Return
a Control fluid b Signal fluid
a1 Control fluid(closes swing check valve)
a2 Control fluid(opens swing check valve)
Function
The function of the auxiliary pilot valve for
the pilot valve for the reheat check valve
actuator is to control the admission of
control fluid to the pilot valve in such a way
that the swing-check valve is actuated in
accordance with the pressure in the
secondary fluid circuit.
Operation
The swing-check valve is kept open as long
as the pressure in the secondary fluid circuit
does not drop below a definite limit value.
Secondary fluid entering body (9) via
connection ‘b’ lifts spool (7) against the
action of the spring (3). The initial tension of
this spring and thus the point at which the
swing-check valve opens can be adjusted. If
spool (7) is lifted beyond its central position
as illustrated, the control fluid entering at
connection ‘a’ flows on via connection ‘a1” to
connection ‘b’ of the pilot valve to open the
swing- check valve via the rotary actuator. If
spool (7) drops below its central position as
illustrated, control fluid is admitted to the
opposite chambers of the rotary actuator, so
that the swing-check valve closes.
To prevent spool (7) from seizing in its
sleeve (6) control fluid is passed through the
center bore in the spool during turbine
operation and out through tangential bores
in the upper part of spool (7) to impart rotary
motion to the spool. A deep-groove ball
bearing (5) between spool (7) and spring
retainer (4) reduces friction from the rotary
motion.
Function
One function of the gland steam control
valve, which is situated in the gland steam
pipe of the seal steam system, is to supply
the shaft seals with seal steam during start-
up and in the lower load range. A further
function is to keep the set pressure in the
header constant in order to prevent air
penetrating the vacuum of the shaft seals.
1 Electr-hydraulic actuator
2 Piston rod
3 Lift scale
4 Coupling
5 Threaded cap
6 Cover
7 Valve stem with pilot valve
8 Packed stuffing box
9 Valve yoke
10 Base ring with packing rings
11 Bushing
12 Valve cover
13 Valve cone
14 Valve casing
c Leakage steam
Function
The function of the leakage steam control
valve, which is situated in the leakage steam
pipe of the seal steam system, is to drain
excessive steam from the header.
1 Electrohydraulic actuator
2 Valve yoke
3 Piston rod
4 Coupling
5 Threaded piece
6 Cover
7 Lift indicator
8 Valve stem
9 Stuffing box
10 Base ring with packing rings
11 Valve cover
12 Bushing
13 Valve casing
Steam Temperatures
Steam Temperatures
Rated value Long term 80 hrs. per year, In special
♦ operation Max. 15 min. in cases at no
Unit
individual case load
Function
(12) are designed as differential pistons
The Function of the main trip valve is to being forced tightly against the body
open the trip fluid circuit in the event of assemblies (10) by the rising pressure of the
abnormal conditions, thereby closing the fluid. Control fluid flows into the casing (11)
valves and thus shutting off admission of via connection ‘a’ and with a tripping device
steam to the turbine. latched in (in the position shown), into the
trip fluid circuit via connection ‘x’. The trip
Construction fluid circuit leads to the stop valves and the
secondary fluid circuits. Via passage drilled
The main trip valve consists of mainly two
in the body (11) (Section A-A) fluid flows to
valves (12) that slide in the casing (11) and
the auxiliary trip fluid circuit, which leads to
are loaded by the springs (5,6). The valves
the hydraulic protection devices.
5.1-0910-00/2
Steam Turbine Emergency Trip Valve
Description for Manual trip out
Function
The solenoid valve is installed in the
auxiliary trip fluid line to the automatic trip
gear and, when operated, causes the
auxiliary trip fluid circuit to be opened and
the turbine stopped, The solenoid valve is
remote-controlled electrically, e.g. from the
control room or from a protective device.
Construction
The directions of flow are indicated by
arrows on the body. The solenoid sleeve (4)
is bolted to the casing (6) and is inserted in
the magnet casing (1) with the armature (3).
The complete valve element is placed in the
body (6) and held by the plug (11). The two
valve discs (8) seal the valve seats (9). The
solenoid valve and the line to the automatic
trip gear are ventilated by means of the
screw (12).
Mode of Operation
When the solenoid (1) is not energized, the
armature (3) is moved downwards by the
spring (2) so that the valve disc (8) is
pressed against the valves seats (9) to
provide sealing. The solenoid valve is
operated by energizing the solenoid (1). The
armature and the valve discs are drawn
upwards against the force of the spring (2)
so that the auxiliary trip fluid ‘a’ is linked with
the drain ‘c’ and the pressure in the line to
the automatic trip gear collapses.
1 Magnet casing
2 Spring
3 Armature
4 Solenoid sleeve
5 Hexagonal nut
6 Casing
7 Ring
8 Stem with two valve discs
9 Valve seat
10 O-ring
11 Plug
12 Ventilation screw
a Auxiliary trip fluid to automatic trip gear
c Drain
Mode of Operation
The overspeed trip mechanism is set by the
adjusting screw (6). By appropriate
adjustment of the screw, the center of
gravity of bolt/striker (4) is positioned
eccentrically to the turbine shaft so that
below the tripping speed the bolt is held in
the position shown by the spring (5) against
the centrifugal force. In this position, the bolt
bears against the screw plug (1). If the
turbine rotational speed exceeds the
overspeed setting, the centrifugal force
overcomes the force of the spring (5) and
forces the bolt/striker (4) out of the turbine
rotor (7). This activates the turbine 1 Screw plug 5 Spring
2 Guide bushing 6 Adjusting screw
automatic stop mechanism.
3 Guiding foil 7 Turbine rotor
4 Bolt/striker 8 Guide ring
5.1-0921-00/2
Steam Turbine Overspeed Trip Test Device
Description
Pilot valve (10) performs the function of Pilot valve (4) is used for resetting the
admitting test oil to the eccentric overspeed trip release device after the test
bolts/strikers of the overspeed trips, causing operation. When pilot valve (4) is pushed
them to protrude from the turbine shaft inwards against the force of spring (3),
during the overspeed trip test operation. control fluid can flow from connection ‘a’ to
Pilot valve (10) is guided in guide bushings ‘u1, thus latching in the overspeed trip
(13,14). A center bore with radial openings device. During start-up, connections ‘u’ and
is provided in the pilot valve. An annular ‘u1’ provide a passage for auxiliary start-up
chamber in the bushing (13) is connected to fluid for latching in the overspeed trip release
test oil connection ‘a1’. In the position device. After the test operation, the pilot
shown oil is prevented from entering the valves (4,11) are blocked.
5.1-0922-00/2
Steam Turbine Low Vacuum Trip
Description
Vibration
Absolute bearing housing vibration Absolute shaft vibration
The normal level is the reproducible vibrational behaviour typical for the machine &
dependent on the operating conditions.
Vibration readings indicated in control room are peak to peak. The above values are also
given in peak to peak.
Weights
HP turbine, completely assembled 95 T
LP turbine, top half inner outer casing, complete with blading, guide blade carriers & 37 T
diffusers
HP turbine rotor, complete with blading 16 T
Reheat stop and control valve, complete with servo motors, without bend & pipe 32 T
section
All weights have been calculated with safety allowances. Slings chosen must provide sufficient
security.
Function
The function of the condenser safety device
situated in the control fluid circuit of the
bypass control system is to protect the
condenser, when there is an excessive
increase in pressure in the condenser, by
opening the control fluid lines so that the
resulting drop in pressure causes the
bypass valves to close.
Mode of Operation
The steam space in the condenser is
connected with the spring space above the
diaphragm (5) via connection ‘I’. The space
below the diaphragm is at atmospheric
pressure. If the pressure in the condenser
increases excessively, the diaphragm (5),
and thus the valve (6), is forced downwards
out of the upper end position by the
increasing pressure and the force of the
spring (4). This shuts off the connection ‘a1”
to the bypass valve from connection. ‘a’
which is from the converter and connects it
to drain ’c’.
The pressure range in which the vacuum
safety device operates can be varied by
adjusting the initial tension of the spring (4)
by means of the adjusting screw (2).
During commissioning the valve (6) is
automatically moved into the upper end
position, where it keeps the control fluid
circuit closed, as soon as the negative
pressure in the condenser falls below the
preset value. In order to be able to close the
control fluid circuit when there is still
insufficient vacuum in the condenser, the
valve is lifted via the lever (10) and cam (9)
but is not yet brought into its upper end
position. As already mentioned, this end
position is not reached until there is
sufficient vacuum.
After this, the lever (10) and cam (9) drop
down and do not impair the functioning of
the vacuum safety device. Any leakage fluid
can drain off through passages in the valve
sleeve (7) and the casing (8).
Function
When there is an unallowable rise in
condenser temperature due to lack of
injection water a temperature sensor
situated in the condenser dome sends
electric signals to the solenoid valve which
open the signal fluid circuit of the bypass
valve actuators, thereby closing the bypass
valves so that the steam flow to the
condenser is interrupted.
Mode of Operation
During normal operation, the control fluid ‘a’
holds the main control valve (7) against the
force of the compression spring (8) in the
center position as shown here, This provides
the connection between the signal fluid from
pressure switch for injection water ‘b’ and
the stop and control valve operator of the
bypass stop valve ‘b1 “, If the temperature in
the condenser rises to an unallowable value,
the solenoid valve (3) is moved downwards
against the force of the compression spring
(4) so that the control fluid ‘a’ arising before
the main control valve (7) is connected with
the drain ‘c’.
Simultaneously, the control fluid ‘a’ can flow
behind the main valve (7) so that the main
valve moves forwards against the force of
the compression spring (6) and the signal
fluid circuit ‘b1’ is opened and connected to
the drain ‘c’ and the bypass stop and control
valve closed’.
Function
With normal shut down or tripping of the
machine, the function of the vacuum
breakers is to cause an increase in
condenser pressure by conducting
atmospheric air into the condenser together
with bypass steam flowing into the
condenser from the bypass station. When
the pressure in the condenser increases, the
ventilation of the turbine blading is
increased, which causes the turbo set to
slow down so that the running down time of
the turbo set and the time needed for
passing through critical speeds are
shortened.
Automatic Control
The vacuum breaker is also actuated
automatically by the turbine fire protection
system to shut the turbo set down more
quickly. It is switched back manually using
the close key in this case.
Closing Process
When the magnet is not excited the valve is
closed by the control medium arising. The
pressure of the control medium ‘a’ via the
piston (3) presses seal ring (17) arranged in
the valve disc (19) on to the valve seat (20)
against the force of the compression spring
(5).
1 Piston cover
2 Stop
3 Piston
4 Valve stem
5 Compression spring
6 Piston bottom
7 Limit switch
8 Spacer column
9 Cap nut
10 Gland seal
11 Pecking
12 Valve cover
13 Bushing
14 Valve calling
15 Screw coupling
16 Divided ring
17 Seal ring
18 Disc guide
19 Valve disc
20 Valve seat
a Control medium
I Inlet for atmospheric air
I1 Atmospheric air flowing into condenser Fig. 2 Drawing Showing Function of Vacuum
Breaker
5.1-0960-00/2
Steam Turbine Pressure Switch
Description for Injection Water
Function
The function of the changeover valve is to
shut off the flow of trip fluid into the trip
fluid circuit while the protective devices
are being tested for proper operation by
means of the Automatic Turbine Tester
(ATT) and to allow control fluid ‘a’ to flow
in so that the stop valves do not close
when the safety devices respond.
Mode of Operation
During normal operation, the control fluid
‘a1’ in the space under the lower piston
(8) of the changeover valve keeps the
valve in the upper end position shown
here. In this way, connection ‘x’ is
connected with connection ‘x1’ and trip
fluid can flow into the trip fluid circuit. The
space above the piston (6) (connection
‘a’) remains depressurized during normal
operation.
When safety devices are checked for
proper operation, the space below the
lower piston (8) is depressurized by
means of a solenoid valve and control
fluid ‘a’ enters the space above the upper
piston, which moves the valve into the
lower position. Due to the connection now
made between connections ‘a’ and ‘x1’,
control fluid ‘a’ can flow freely into the trip
fluid circuit, which keeps the stop valves
open for the duration of the test. Two limit
switches (1) transmit the position of the
valve to the control room.
BHEL,HARDWAR 5.1-1000-63/1
• Motive oil valve of the MAV51 AA001 The bearing-specific oil flow rates are set with
turning gear the throttle valves in the lubricating oil lines
The motive oil valve of the turning gear is actuated upstream of the turbine and generator bearings.
by the associated motor.
Piping and valves
• Oil coolers
oil cooler 1 MAV41 BC001 The turbine oil is supplied to where it is needed
oil cooler 2 MAV41 BC002 through piping. The dimensions of the oil lines are a
function of oil velocity and the oil pressure during
One oil cooler is always in operation to remove operation.
the heat generated by the turbine and generator
bearings from the turbine oil. The second oil Piping, oil coolers, and oil filters are equipped with
cooler is on standby. Changeover to the standby drain valves. Oil coolers and oil filters can be filled
oil cooler must be made when the oil cooler in and vented.
operation clogs or leaks., Air and oil vapour is extracted from the return lines.
Sampling valves are provided for taking oil samples.
The maximum flow rate of the cooling water
.through the oil cooler in operation must be Passive turbine fire protection
maintained for good heat transfer and preventing
deposits in the cooler tubes. The main oil tanks, oil pumps, oil coolers, oil
filters, and important oil system valves are
Double multiport butterfly MAV41 AA521 installed in separate compartment of the turbine
valve building. This compartment is designed with a
The double multiport butterfly valve is the sump for catching leak oil. The sump volume is
changeover valve for the oil coolers. the same as that of the main oil tank.
The oil lines are laid in ducts, which can collect
Oil temperature control MAV41 AA001 leak oil and prevent it from contacting machine
valve parts on which it can ignite.
The lubricating oil temperature upstream of the
turbine and generator bearings is maintained by Information for operation and maintenance
the oil temperature control valve.
Technical Data
The oil temperature control valve is a multiport
valve in which hot and cold turbine oil is mixed to The Technical Data contain the following
obtain the desired lubricating oil temperature of
information:
approx. 45-degree C downstream of the control
valve. - nominal capacity of the main oil tank
Duplex lubricating oil filters - reference values for the capacity of the
lubricating oil filter MAV42 BT001
lubricating oil system including the oil-side
volume of the system tanks, coolers, filters, and
One element of the switchable duplex lubricating piping, which are filled during operation
oil filter is always in operation to protect the - highest and lowest oil level in the main oil tank
turbine and generator bearings against solid during turbine generator operation at rated ,s-
contaminants. .peed
- reference values for the amount of oil which
The differential pressure across the lubricating oil must be filled into the main oil tank for operation
filter in operation is a measure of filter clogging. of the hydraulic and lubricating oil system and
for the amount of oil necessary for flushing the
Double multiport butterfly valve oil system during commissioning or inspection
and overhaul
The double multiport butterfly valve is the - manufacturer, type designation, and design data
changeover valve for the lubricating oil filters. of oil pump motors
- setpoint and limit values of the lubricating oil
Lubricating oil throttle valves upstream of temperature for operation and shutdown of
turbine and generator bearings the turbine generator unit
5.1-1000-63/2
-
- manufacturer, type designation , and fineness auxiliary oil pump must be switched off.
of the lubricating oil system filter
Extended parallel operation of the main and auxiliary
- reference values for oil heatup in the bearings oil pumps shall be avoided.
and bearing-specific oil requirement
Sub-loop controls of the hydraulic and
Dimensioning of the main oil tank lubricating oil system.
The main oil tank is dimensioned so that the total oil - Sub-loop controls for the oil Pumps
in the tank is not recirculated more than 8-10 times
per hour. The turbine oil in the system takes up air All oil pumps of the hydraulic and lubricating oil
during every recirculation. This air is released from system driven by electric motors are controlled
by the switching commands of the associated
the turbine oil in the course of the dwell time in the
sub-loop controls. The oil pumps should always
main oil tank. Large amounts of air in the turbine oil be switched on in a certain sequence to ensure
are either due to an excessive turbine oil recirculation the lubricating oil supply to the turbine and
rate or due to an inadequate air release property of generator bearings in the event of a drop in oil
the turbine oil. pressure in the hydraulic or lubricating oil
system. The sub-loop controls of the oil pumps
Setting of the throttle valves of the hydraulic must be in AUTO mode as long as the line of
and lubricating oil system shafting is driven by steam or the turning gear.
The throttle valve settings for the hydraulic and Changeover of oil coolers and filters
lubricating system are optimised during initial start- Standby oil coolers and standby lubricating oil
up when the turbine generator unit is running at filters must be filled and vented before
rated speed: changeover.
- The INJECTOR (MAV21BN001 / Venting of the oil coolers
MAV21BN002) ensure a positive pressure of
approx. 0.2 bar in the suction line immediately The oil-side vent of the oil cooler in operation
upstream of the main oil pump.
must be open.
- Lubricating oil throttle valves upstream of the
turbine and generator bearings, e.g.,
lubricating oil throttle valve upstream of the
first turbine bearing MAV42 AA501.
5.1-1000-63/3
5.1-1000-63-4
Steam Turbine Technical Data
Description Oil Supply, Oil Pumps
OIL supply
3
Main oil tank, rated capacity 25/40 M
3
First oil filling (estimated) 53 M
3
Flushing oil quantity (estimated) 32 M
Min. 38 °C
Oil temperature at cooler outlet, unit in operation Normal 45
Max. 47
Duplex oil filter- full flow, Type: RFLD W 4020ZAV 25 VZ 1.0 1 No.
Make: MS HYDAC FILTER TECHNIK GMBH.
Oil pumps
5.1-0103-63/2
Steam Turbine Technical Data
Description Control Fluid System &
Control Fluid Pumps
Enclosure IP 55
Voltage 415 V
Frequency 50 Hz
Low pressure leakage fluid & low pressure control fluid 20.60 10.8
High pressure leakage fluid & high pressure control fluid 16.16 31.6
5.1-0104-63-2
Steam Turbine Technical Data
Operation Limit Curves
140
120 ∆θ = f(θm )
Heating up
100
F
80
N
60
40 S
∆θ[K] OPERATION MODE
F=Fast
20 N=Normal
S=Slow
-20
-40
Cooling down
-60
-80
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
θm [°C]
140
120 ∆θ = f(θm)
100 Heating up
80 F
60
N
40
OPERATION MODE
∆θ[K] F=Fast S
N=Normal
20 S=Slow
-20
-40
Cooling down
-60
-80
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
θm [°C]
∆θ = (θi - θm) on the wall temperature sensor
θi = temperature of inner layer
θm = temperature of middle layer
140
120 ∆θ = f( θm )
100
Heating up
80 F
60
N
40
OPERATION MODE
S
F=Fast
20 N=Normal
S=Slow
∆θ[K]
0
-20
-40
Cooling down
-60
-80
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
θm [°C]
5.1-0111-01/2
Steam Turbine Technical Data
Operation Limit Curves
220
200
180
160
∆θ[K]
140
120
100
80
60
θax [° C]
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
180
160
∆θ = f (θm)
140
Heating up
120
100 F
80
60 N
∆θ[K]
40
S
20 OPERATION MODE
0 F = Fast
N = Normal
-20 S = Slow
-40
-60
Cooling down
-80
-100
θm [°C]
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
200
180
160
140
120
∆θ[K]
100
80
60
40
θax [° C]
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
5.1-0112-01/2
Steam Turbine Technical Data
Operation Limit Curves
220
200
180
160
140
∆θ[K] 120
100
80
60
θax [°C]
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
The deposits which occur in turbines due to achieve the values in the normal operation
impurities in the steam can lead to column.
thermodynamic and mechanical inefficiencies
and, with the presence of salts, especially A recording instrument may be used to
chlorides, and sodium hydroxide also cause continuously monitor the electrical
damage to turbine parts. The corrosion conductivity of the main steam and turbine
stressing caused by active deposits, for condensate following a strongly acid cation
example, has an adverse effect on the fatigue exchange unit. In order to determine slight
strength of the blade material when the steam impurities, the sodium concentration should
is in the transition zone between the be measured in addition to this. Should
superheated and the saturated state. saline contamination occur, the turbine is to
be immediately washed with saturated
Compliance with the target values is steam to remove salt deposits.
mandatory in continuous operation, with the
values in the normal operation column Whether an alkaline, neutral or combined
preferable. With the commissioning of a new method is used for conditioning, the water
plant and starting-up operation, however, steam circulation is for the customer to
these values cannot be attained with an decide. If an alkaline method is used, the
economical outlay. The values listed in the oxygen content in the main steam
column “starting-up operation “are then valid. condensate can be max. 0.02 mg/kg and the
pH value in the turbine condensate max.9.3
It should be pointed out that adherence to the with brass condenser piping. When the
target values does not rule out deposition in condenser piping is of copper-nickel alloys,
the turbine with absolute certainty. Wherever the pH value must not exceed 9.5. There is
possible every effort should be made to no limitation for the pH value with non-
corroding steel or titanium.
Introduction Compatibility
This standard specifies the turbine oil For topping up of the oil system, it is
recommended for use in governing and preferable if the oil used is of the same
lubrication systems of BHEL make steam brand and quality as that already in the
turboset. system. However, if the same brand of oil is
not available and where it is intended to mix
Description in different products that individually conform
Oil of viscosity class ISO VG 46 shall be to this standard, a compatibility test should
used. The oil shall be a petroleum product be conducted before actually mixing the oils.
with or without additives to meet the Samples of both the oils in equal volume
requirement of this standard. The finished oil should be mixed and centrifuged for about
shall be clear and free from water, 40 hrs. and then mixture must comply fully
suspended matter, dust, sediment and other with the requirements of this standard.
impurities.
Properties
The turbine oil shall not contain additives The oil should comply with the
having any negative effect on the materials requirements given in table below when
of the oil system. The turbine oil must be tested according to the test methods given
capable of withstanding bearing temperature in the respective standards mentioned
of max. 130°C and oil tank temperature of against each property. For obvious
max. 80°C without physical and chemical reasons, we do not give any special
degradation. recommendation to a particular brand of oil
to be used in the oil system of our turbo
The properties of the oil shall not be affected sets. Any brand of the oil complying with
by centrifuging, water washing or filtering. the above standards may be used.
11. Total acidity after 2500 ≤ 0.2 mg DIN: 51587 ASTM D943
hrs oxidation KOH/g
12. Foaming characteristics at ----- ASTM: D892
25°C
3
- Foaming tendency ≤ 400 cm
- Foaming stability ≤ 450 s s
13. Deaeration capacity at 50°C ≤4 minutes DIN: 51381 ASTM: D3427
5.1-0130-04/2
Steam Turbine Fire Resistant Fluid (FRF)
Description for Turbine Control System
This specification is valid for Fire Resistant should be no deterioration of the FRF in
Fluids (FRF) recommended for BHEL presence of such trace quantities.
make steam turbine control system. The air release of the FRF should not
According to ISO 6743/4, FRF is a fluid deteriorate in presence of fluoroelastomer
based on triarylphosphate ester marked seals and packing used in the FRF system.
ISO-L-HFDR.
The FRF must be free of ortho-cresol
compounds.
General Requirements
The FRF must not pose a safety or health
The FRF shall not cause corrosion to Steel, hazard to the persons working with it,
Copper and its alloys, Zinc, Tin or provided that the requisite hygiene
Aluminum. regulations are observed.
The FRF must provide sufficient corrosion
protection to the materials used in the FRF
system. Limit values
The FRF shall be continuously regenerated The following limit values are not to be
with Fuller’s earth or an equivalent exceeded during the life time :
regeneration agent. Kinematic viscosity - maximum variation
Note: Before using regeneration agents ± 5% with reference to delivery condition.
other than Fuller’s earth (e.g. ion Neutralisation number - maximum increase
exchangers) BHEL and FRF manufacturer 0.20 mg KOH/g with reference to delivery
or supplier shall be contacted. condition.
The FRF must not cause any erosion or Air release -maximum 12 minutes.
corrosion on the edges of the control
elements. Foaming at 25 °C -Tendency maximum 200
ml, Stability maximum 450 sec.
The FRF must be shear-stable. It should not
contain any viscosity index improver.
Disposal
FRF leaking from the system, if any, must
not ignite or burn in contact with hot Supplier to be contacted for ‘Buy Back’ of
surfaces (up to 550 ºC). used fire resistant fluid.
The FRF must be capable of withstanding In consultation with supplier, liquid material
continuous operating temperatures of 75 °C should be incinerated and material absorbed
without physical or chemical degradation. on sand should be disposed off as
hazardous solid waste.
The FRF must be miscible with traces (max.
3 % by vol.) of TXP of another brand. There
5.1-0140-04/2
Steam Turbine HP Turbine
Description Valve Arrangement
General Arrangement
The short length of the admission section
The HP turbine has 2 main stop valves and 2 between the control valves and the casing
control valves located symmetrically to the right results in a very low steam volume in this
and left of the casing. The valves are arranged section, which has a beneficial effect on the
in pairs with one main stop valve and one shutdown characteristics of the turbine-
control valve in a common body. generator unit.
Valve Actuation
Steam flow
Each main stop valve and control valve has a
The main steam is admitted through the main dedicated hydraulic servomotor(3;5). The
steam inlet passing first the main stop valves servomotors are mounted above floor level so
and then the control valves. From the control that they are accessible and can be easily
valves the steam passes to the turbine maintained.
casing(1).
5.1-0205-00
BHEL Haridwar
Steam Turbine
Description HP Turbine
Casing
Fig. 1 HP Turbine
BHEL Haridwar 5.1-0210-01/1
Fig.2 Inlet Connection
3 Outer casing
4 Inner casing
valves are connected to the inlet connections
6 U seal ring of the outer casing by Breech Nuts(8) (Fig.2)
7 Cylindrical pin through buttress threading. Sealing is achieved
8 Breech nut by U-seal rings(6) which is forced against the
9 Inlet pipe from main stop and control valve outer sealing surface by inlet steam pressure.
The annular space around the sealing ring is
connected to the condenser through a steam
Connection to Main Stop and Control Valves leak-off line. Cylindrical pins(7) located at the
joint flange prevent rotation of the inlet pipe with
The steam lines from the main stop and control respect to the outer casing.
5.1-0210-01/2
Attachment of Inner Casing
Outlet Connections
The exhaust end of HPT has single outlet
Fig. 5 I-Ring seal (Detail A from Fig. 1)
connection from bottom. At the flange
connection a U-seal ring (19) is provided to
prevent any leakage (Fig.1)
Fig. 6 Axial Retention ofInner casing and Centering in vertical plane (Detail E from Fig.1)
5.1-0210-01/3
HP Turbine
Steam Turbine Blading
Description
A 2
3
B .
Gap sealing
Fig. 1 Drum Stages
Sealing strips(6) are caulked into the inner
casing(1) and the shaft (4) to reduce leakage
1 Inner casing 4 Turbine shaft losses at the blade tips. Cylindrically
2 Guide blade 5 Caulking piece machined surface on the blade shrouds are
3 Moving blade
opposite the sealing strips. The surfaces have
stepped diameters in order to increase the
also determine the distance between the
turbulence of the steam and thus the sealing
blades. The shrouds are machined integral with
effect. Should an operational disturbance
the blades and forms a continuous shrouding
cause the sealing strips to come into contact
after insertion.
st th with opposite surfaces, they are rubbed away
From 1 . to 8 . stages are provided with ‘3DS’
th th without any considerable amount of heat
blades, 9 . to 13 . stages with ‘TX’ blades and
th being generated. They can easily be renewed
14 . to 17 th. stages with ‘F’ blades.
at a later date to provide the specified
clearance.
5.1-0230-01/2
Steam Turbine HP Turbine
Description Front Bearing Pedestal
Arrangement
The bearing pedestal is located between the
HP and IP turbines. Its function is to support the
turbine casing and bear the HP and IP turbine
rotors.
BHEL Haridwar
5.1-0250-02/1
2 Combined journal and thrust bearing 9 8
8 Foundation
9 Hex head screw
5.1-0250-02/2
Steam turbine Combined Journal and Thrust
Description Bearing
12 Bearing shell,lower
1 Bearing pedestal, upper 7 Bearing liner
13 Shim
2 Cap 8 Turbine shaft 14 Spherical block
3 Key 9 Brg. pedestal 15 Shim
4 Bearing shell upper lower 16 Spherical support
5 Cowling with all baffle 10 Key 25 Key
6 Thrust pad 11 Oil line “a” Shaft jacking oil
JackingOil
5.1-0270-01/2
Steam Turbine HP Turbine
Description Casing Supports and Guides
5.1-0310-01/2
In the horizontal plane, as shown in details E and casing (4) and together with the fitted keys (14)
F (Fig. 4 & 5) the four support horns of the top half provide a centering system for the inner casing (3, 4)
inner casing (3) rest on plates (13) which are in the transverse plane This arrangement allows axial
supported by the joint surface of the bottom half outer and radial expansion of the inner casing relative to
casing (5). The shoulder screws (12) are provided the outer casing while the fitted keys (14) maintain
with sufficient clearance to permit the inner casing to transverse alignment.
expand freely in all directions in the horizontal plane.
Thermal expansion in the vertical direction originates
from the point of support at the joint. This ensures
concentricity of the inner casing relative to the rotor
(1) in this plane.
The support horns provided at the bottom half
inner casing (4), project into the recesses in bottom
half outer casing (5) with clearance on all sides.
Located on top of each support horn is a spacer disc
(11) whose upper surface has a clearance ’s’ to the
flange face of the top half outer casing (2). This
clearance thus determines the lift of the inner casing.
As shown in details E, the inner casing is located
axially by the fitted keys (10) arranged on both sides
of the support horns of the bottom half inner casing
(4). Thermal expansion in the axial direction
originates from these points. Radial expansion is not
prevented by these fitted keys, as they are free to
slide in the recesses of the bottom half outer casing.
Shoulders on the bottom half outer casing (5)
project into corresponding recesses in the bottom
half inner
5.1-0310-01/3
Steam Turbine IP Turbine
Description Blading
Gap SealIng
Moving and Stationary Blades Sealing strips (7) are caulked into the inner
casing (1) and the rotor (4) to reduce leakage
The IP turbine with advance blading consists of losses at the blade tips. Cylindrically machined
2x12 (double flow) drum stages. All stages are surfaces on the blade shrouds are opposite the
reaction stages with 50% reaction. The stationary sealing strips. These surfaces have stepped
and moving blades of all stages are provided with diameters in order to increase the turbulence of
inverted T -roots in moving blade and hook type the steam and thus the sealing effect. In case of
roots in Guide blade which also determine the an operation disturbance, causing the sealing
distance between the blades. All these blades are strips to come into contact with opposite surfaces,
provided with integral shrouds, which after they are rubbed away without any considerable
installation form a continuous shroud. The moving amount of heat being generated. They can then
and stationary blades are inserted into easily be renewed at a later date to provide the
appropriately shaped grooves in the rotor (4) and specified clearances.
in the inner casing (1) and are bottom caulked
with caulking material (5). The insertion slot in the
rotor is closed by a locking blade which is fixed by
grub screws. End blades, which lock with the
horizontal joint are used at the horizontal joint of
the inner casing (1).
1 Inner Casing
2 Guide Blade 5
3 Moving Blade
4 Turbine Shaft
5 Caulking piece 2
6 Sealing strip
7 Caulking wire
7
5
Function
The function of the shaft seals is to seal the caulked into the shaft and into seal rings
interior of the turbine casing against the centered in the outer casing.
atmosphere at the front (thrust bearing end) and The outer seal rings can be removed for
rear shaft penetrations of the IP turbine. inspection and if necessary seal strips can be
The shaft seals are axial-steam-flow non- replaced during a short turbine shut down
contacting seals. keeping module in place.
In the region subject to low relative
expansion in the vicinity of the combined journal Gap Sealing
and thrust bearing, the seal strips are caulked Sealing between the rotating and stationary
alternatively into the shaft and into spring- elements of the turbine is achieved by means of
supported segmented rings in the casing, seal strip (9) ,caulked into seal rings (3;5) and
forming a labyrinth to impede the outflow of into the rotor (4) (details A and C). The pressure
steam. gradient across the seal is reduced by
In the region subject to greater relative conversion of pressure energy into velocity
expansion at the exhaust end, see-through seals energy which is then dissipated as turbulence as
are used, in which the seal strips are located the steam passes through the numerous
opposite each other, compartments according to the labyrinth
principle.
5.1-0330-01/2
Steam Turbine IP Turbine
RearBearing Pedestal
Description
Arrangement
• Journal bearing
• Shaft vibration pick-up
• Bearing pedestal vibration pick-up
• Hand barring arrangement
5.1-0345-01/2
Steam Turbine
Description IP Turbine
Casing Supports and Guides
The turbine casing is supported on the support It is essential for the casing to retain
horns such as to make allowance for the thermal concentric alignment with the rotor which is
expansion. supported independently
1 HP Turbine rear bearing pedestal Fig.1 Connection between turbine casing and
2 IP turbine bearing pedestal
3 IP turbine rear bearing pedestal
5.1-0350-01/2
Steam Turbine LP Turbine
Description Casing
Construction
Inlet Connections
The LP turbine casing consists of a double- Steam admitted to the LP turbine from the IP
flow unit and has a triple shell welded casing. turbine flows into the inner casing (4,5) from
The outer casing consists of the front and rear both sides through steam inlet nozzles before
walls, the two lateral longitudinal support the LP blading Expansion bellows are
beams and the upper part. The front and rear provided in the steam piping to prevent any
walls as well as the connection areas of the undesirable deformation of the casings due to
upper part are reinforced by means of circular thermal expansion of the steam piping.
box beams. The outer casing is supported by
the ends of the longitudinal beams on the base
plates of the foundation.
5.1-0410-00/2
Fig.3 Guiding of the Outer Casing
5.1-0410-00/3
3 Outer shell, upper half
4 Inner shell, upper half
5 Inner shell, lower half
6 Outer shell, lower half
Fig. 7 Inner Casing, Longitudinal Section
5.1-0410-00/4
Steam Turbine Atmospheric Relief Diaphragm
Description
Atmospheric relief diaphragms are provided in consists of a thin rolled lead plate. To insure
the upper half of each LP exhaust end section that the remnants of the diaphragm and
to protect the turbine against excessive rupturing disc are not carried along by the
pressure. In the event of failure of the low blow-off steam a cage with brackets (5) is
vacuum trips the pressure in the LP turbine provided. As long as there is a vacuum in the
exhaust rises to an excessively high level until condenser the atmospheric pressure forces
the force acting on the rupturing disc (1) the breakable diaphragm and the rupturing
ruptures the breakable diaphragm (2) thus disc against the supporting flange (3).
providing a discharge path for the steam. The
diaphragm
Arrangement
The stationary blade rows (2, 5, 7) are made twisted and have integral shrouds with T -root.
by welding inner ring, blades and outer ring The last two stages of moving blades (6,8)
together to form Guide Blade Carriers in two have curved fir-tree roots (View-X) which are
halves, that are bolted to inner outer casing inserted in axial grooves in the turbine shaft
(1). The blades of rows 2 & 5 are of precision (4) and secured by means of clamping pieces
cast steels and the blades of row 7 are made (11). Axial movement of the blades
5.1-0440-01/1
BHEL Haridwar
is prevented by segments of locking plate Inter stage sealing
segments (12) and the end segments are spot In order to reduce blade tip
welded at joint. The difference in losses at the stationary blade rows
circumferential speed at the root and tip of the (2,5,7). sealing strips (9) are caulked
moving blades is taken into consideration by into turbine shaft. Opposite to this,
the twisted design of the blades. sealing strips are also caulked on the
inner ring of stationary blade rows as
shown in Detail A. This arrangement
permits favourable radial clearances
to be attained. In case of rubbing, the
thin seal strips are worn away without
generating much heat. They can be
easily replaced at a later date to
restore the required clearances.
5.1-0440-01/2
Steam Turbine LP Turbine
Description Shaft Seals
Function
Gap Sealing
Steam Spaces
Steam spaces are provided within the shaft
seal. When the plant is started up and in
operation, sealing steam enters space “Q” to
prevent air penetrating the space, which is
under a vacuum. The slight amount of steam
that passes the center seal ring is drawn off
from space “R” into the seal steam condenser.
Sealing Rings
Arrangement
5.1-0470-00/1
BHEL Haridwar
shell (6) through which high pressure oil is
supplied during start-up. This high pressure oil
relieves the bearing to overcome breakaway
torque and prevent dry friction, thus reducing
the torque requirements of the hydraulic
turning gear.
The lift oil flows into the above mentioned
threaded nozzles (17) through passages in the
lower bearing shell (6). A seal (18) prevents
high pressure oil from penetrating the space
between threaded nozzle and ring (16) and
thus from lifting the babbit. Any leakage oil can
drain through passages in the bearing shell
below the ring.
15 Termocouple
16 Ring
17 Threaded nozzle
18 Sealing ring
5.1-0470-00/2
Steam Turbine
Description Hydraulic Turing Gear
Arrangement
Function
The hydraulic turning gear is situated The function of the hydraulic turning gear is
between the main oil pump and the journal to rotate the shaft system at sufficient speed
bearing in the HP turbine front bearing pedestal. before start-up and after shut-down in order to
avoid irregular heating up or cooling down and
thus avoid any distortion of the turbine rotors.
The air flow set up by the blades along the inner
wall of the casing during turning operation
provides good heat transfer conducive to
temperature equalization between upper and
lower casing halves.
Operation
During turning gear operation, the shaft
system is rotated by a blade wheel which is
driven by oil supplied by the auxiliary oil pump.
This oil passes via a check valve into the nozzle
box (1) and from there into the nozzles (2) which
direct the oil jet in front of the blading.
Lifting of Shaft
To overcome the initial break-away torque on
start-up and to prevent dry friction, the bearings
are relieved during turning gear operation by
lifting oil supplied from below i.e. the shafts are
lifted slightly.
Function Operation
Take the following steps to make the
The turbine generator is equipped with a barring gear ready for operation: Remove
mechanical barring gear, which enables the cover (2) unlatches at (7) and attach a bar to
combined shaft system to be rotated manually lever (1).
in the event of a failure of the normal hydraulic Barring of lever (1) will rotate the
turning gear. combined turbine generator shaft system.
It is located at IP - LP pedestal
After barring has been completed, return
lever (1) and pawl (6) to the position shown in
figure and secure lever (1) by means of latch
Construction (7) Replace cover (2).
The barring gear consists of a gear
machined on the rim of the turning gear wheel The barring gear may only be operated
(10) and pawl (6). This pawl engages the ring after the shaft system has been lifted with
gear and turns the shaft system when high-pressure lift oil. If it is hard to start turning
operated by means of a bar attached to laver by means of the mechanical barring gear, this
(1). The pawl (6) is shown disengaged and the may be due to incorrect adjustment of the
lever (1) resting against a stop. The lever (1) is jacking oil system or due to a rubbing shaft.
held in position by latch (7). Before steam is admitted to the turbine.
corrective action must be taken
Function
When the turbine is started up or shut to protect the jacking oil system from damage
down, the hydraulic jacking device is used to due to improper switching ON of the jacking oil
maintain the oil film between rotor and pump when the check valve (12) is closed, a
bearings. The high-pressure oil is forced under spring-loaded safety valve (11) is situated in
the individual bearing, thus raising the rotor. the piping between the jacking oil pump (13)
The necessary torque from the hydraulic and the check valve (12). The necessary
turning device or from the manual turning pressure in the system is kept constant by
device is reduced in this way. The high- means of the pressure-limiting valve (8). The
pressure oil also provides motive force to pressure-limiting valve can be relieved by the
hydraulic turning gear motor installed in front bypass valve (9). The superfluous flow from
bearing pedestal. the pump is conducted into the main oil tank.
The turbine control system description for The special operating conditions existing in
500 MW steam turbine comprises the reheat condensing turbines necessitate
following: additional control elements. On start-up of
General Description the high-pressure boiler it is necessary to
Start-up Procedure start up the turbine straight away with a
Speed Control considerable steam rate and, due to the high
Electrical Speed Measuring temperature in the reheater to admit steam
Protective Devices to the reheater immediately.
Overspeed Trip Test As long as the HP section of the turbine is
Testing of Stop Valves unable to accommodate all the steam
Bypass Control System (General) supplied by the boiler, the rejected steam is
Electro-hydraulic Bypass Control (Electrical routed directly to the reheater via HP bypass
System) valve. The steam from the reheater which
Electro-hydraulic Bypass Control (Hydraulic cannot be accommodated by the IP section
System) with its control valves MAB10+20AA002 and
Extraction Check Valve reheat stop valves MAB10+20AA001 is
Swing Check Valve in CRH line routed into condenser MAG10BC001 by way
Testing of Swing Check Valves in the Cold of LP bypass stop & control valves
Reheat Line MAN11+12AA001 and MAN11+12AA002.
Automatic Turbine Tester, General
Automatic Turbine Tester, Protective The IP turbine must be fitted with its own
Devices control valves to prevent steam remaining in
Automatic Turbine Tester, Stop Valves the reheater from entering the turbine via the
HP Actuator IP and LP section and causing further
Electro-hydraulic Gland Steam Pressure acceleration of the turbine after the main
Control steam control valves have been closed in
Control System Diagram the event of load rejection or trip. In addition,
List of Parts the steam pressure in the main steam line
Lubrication Chart would increase after sudden closure of the
Lubrication Chart, Index main steam control valves, thus causing the
HP by pass valve to open, with the result
Turbine generator unit MAA50HA001 that even more steam would flow into the IP
MAB50HA001and MAC10HA001 comprises section of the turbine.
three-cylinder reheat condensing turbine
with condenser MAG10BC001 and a direct- It is the function of main oil pump MAV21
driven three-phase a.c. generator. AP001, driven directly by the turbine shaft,
to supply oil for bearing lubrication, for the
The turbine has a hydraulic speed governor oil circuit for the overspeed trip test, and for
MAX46BY001 and an electric turbine the primary oil circuit, pressure in which is
controller. The hydraulic speed governor generated by hydraulic speed transmitter
adjusts control valves MAA10+20AA002 and MAX44AP001.Two Electrically driven
MAB10+20AA002 by way of hydraulic auxiliary oil pumps are provided for auxiliary
amplifier MAX45BY011 whilst the electric oil supply. The LP control fluid circuit (8 bar)
turbine controller acts on these control and the HP actuators of the main steam
valves by way of electro-hydraulic converter control valves, reheat control valves, LP
MAX45BY001. bypass stop & control valves (32bar) are
Hydraulic amplifier MAX45BY011 and supplied by two full-load control fluid pumps
electro-hydraulic converter MAX45BY001 installed in the control fluid tank.
are switched in parallel to form a minimum The turbine is equipped with an electro-
gate. The system not exercising control is in hydraulic seal steam control system, an
its maximum position. electro-hydraulic bypass control system, an
5.1-0600-01/2
Steam Turbine Start-up Procedure
Description
5.1-0610-01/2
Steam Turbine Speed Control
Description
Speed control may be exercised either secondary medium pressures in the follow-up
hydraulically or electro-hydraulically. pistons of the hydraulic amplifier.
The secondary medium circuits and the
Hydraulic Control auxiliary secondary medium circuits are
Main oil pump MAV21AP001 supplies the supplied from the trip medium circuit by way
bearing and primary oil circuits with control of orifices.
oil whilst hydraulic speed transmitter The varying secondary medium pressure in
MAX44AP001 acts as a pulse generator for the follow-up pistons of the hydraulic amplifier
the control circuit, providing a primary oil in turn effects changes in the positions of
pressure proportional to the speed. This oil their associated control valves or other
pressure can also be read directly from control devices.
speed indicator pressure gauge
MAX44CP501. This primary oil pressure
acts on diaphragm KA09 of hydraulic speed Electro-hydraulic Control
governor MAX46BY001 against the force of The speed of the turbine is measured
speed setting spring KA02 which is digitally. For this purpose electrical speed
tensioned by reference speed setter transducers MYA01CS011 to 013 are
MAX46BY001.The travel of diaphragm mounted on the high-pressure end of the
KA09, which can be limited by starting and turbine shaft.
load limit device MAX47BY001, is
transmitted by linkage KA03 to sleeves The electro-hydraulic converter constitutes
the link between the electrical and hydraulic
KA04 of auxiliary follow-up pistons KA08,
parts of the governing system. The electro-
the pistons KA05 of which are held against
hydraulic converter consists of the speed
the medium pressure by spring KA06.
control converter MAX45BY001 and a
Medium drains off according to the amount
of port overlap between piston and sleeve plunger coil system CG001T. The signal from
and a medium pressure corresponding to the electro-hydraulic controller actuates the
control sleeve via the plunger coil system.
the tension of spring KA06 is built up. This
The control sleeve determines the position of
auxiliary secondary medium pressure acts
pilot valve KA07 in the manner of a follow-up
as a pulse signal via pilot valve KA07 of
hydraulic amplifier MAX45 BY011. piston. The further mode of action is the
same as that of the hydraulic speed
Piston KA08 of this hydraulic amplifier governor. Two differential transmitters
assumes a position corresponding to the CG001A and CG001K are located at piston
auxiliary secondary medium pressure and KA08 of electro-hydraulic converter MAX45
operates the sleeves of follow-up piston BY001 as feedback transmitters to the
KA01and KA02 via a linkage system. A electro-hydraulic controller. This stabilizes the
feedback system stabilizes the position of control process.
pilot valve KA07 and piston KA08 of
hydraulic amplifier MAX45BY011. As
Change-over from Hydraulic to Electro-
already described for auxiliary follow-up
hydraulic Control
piston KA08, a secondary medium
pressure corresponding to the position of As already mentioned, Change-over from one
the sleeves and to the related spring control system to the other is possible even
tension builds up in the follow up pistons of during operation as the two controllers are
hydraulic amplifier MAX45BY011. Any connected in parallel downstream of the
change in the position of linkage KA03 associated follow up piston batteries, which
results in a proportional change of the form a minimum value gate. This means that
5.1-0620-01/2
Steam Turbine Control System
Description Electrical Speed Measuring
The electrical speed signals originate from remaining speed probes. The output is then
the electrical speed transducers which fed to the speed measuring unit, electro-
consist of four ferromagnetic type speed hydraulic controller and speed target unit.
probes, MAY01CS011 to 014 (one as spare)
The speed-measuring unit incorporates two
and a toothed wheel with 60 teeth made
speed ranges. The lower range covers 0-
around its circumference located on the
360 rpm and the upper range 0-3600 rpm.
main oil pump shaft.
The changeover from one range to the other
The teeth of the wheel act upon the four is completely automatic.
stationary speed probes. When turbine
A speed indicator mounted on the hydraulic
rotates, square wave signals are generated
control equipment rack provides local
in the probes. The frequency of these
speed-readings. Indicating lights located
voltages is proportional to the rotational
near the speed indicator show which range
speed of the turbine. The output of these
is engaged.
speed probes are fed to the input modules
which provide digital output signals. From the speed-measuring unit, speed
signals are also provided to the turbine
The three values for the rotational speed
stress evaluator/controller, automatic turbine
obtained by this process are continuously
tester and recorders. Output signals are
monitored for failures. If one of the speed
available for purchaser’s remote speed
probes fail, the control circuit continues to
indicators and functional group automatic
operate without interruption, using two
(FGA).
5.1-0630-01/2
Steam Turbine Overspeed Trip Test
Description
Testing with Turbine under Load When this happened, pilot valve KA02 must
Condition be pushed downwards to admit control
Overspeed trips MAY10 AA001 and 002 can medium into the auxiliary start-up medium
be tested using test device MAX62AA001 circuit to the differential pilot valve of the
with the turbine running under load or no- overspeed trip device. The pilot valve moves
load conditions. To operate the test device, towards the right and latches the overspeed
pilot valve KA03 is first pushed downwards trip device in again.
and held in this position. This isolates the The buildup of pressure in the auxiliary start-
auxiliary trip medium circuit from the up medium circuit between the overseed trip
overspeed trips and prevents the main trip test device and the overspeed trip release
being initiated by the overspeed trips. device can be followed at pressure gauge
Subsequent operation of hand-wheel KA01 MAX48CP501. When pilot valve KA02 is
moves the center pilot valve downwards. then released, the auxiliary start-up medium
This action blocks the drain and allows the pressure returns to 0 pressure. The auxiliary
control oil to flow through the center bore of trip medium pressure must then remain at its
the pump shaft into overspeed trips. The full value (readable at pressure gauge
control oil pressure thus builds up and MAX52CP501). If this is the case, pilot valve
moves the eccentric bolts/strikers outwards KA03 may be released. The test is
against the spring force, releasing the pawls completed. If, when valve KA02 is released,
of the overspeed trip releasing device, as a the auxiliary trip medium pressure collapses,
results of which the pilot valve moves rapidly pilot valve KA02 must be pushed
inwards. The pressure in the auxiliary rip downwards again and must be held in this
medium circuit, up to the over speed trip test position a little longer. It is essential that the
device, then collapses. Operation is followed auxiliary trip medium pressure must remain
by observing the reading at pressure gauge steady before valve KA03 is released.
MAX52CP501.
The trip pressure is read off at pressure Testing with Turbine under No-Load
gauge MAX62CP501. If during operation at Condition
rated speed, this pressure should deviate
Overspeed trips MAY10AA001 and 002
from the baseline value as recorded in the
must be tested at regular intervals by
test report, a defect in the overspeed trip
running the unloaded turbine up to trip
may be assumed. If the trip pressure is too
speed. This is done by operating lever KA07
high, the bolt may be made to move freely
of hydraulic speed governor MAX46BY001,
by rapidly operating the pilot valve by means
which presses linkage KA03 downwards,
of hand-wheel KA01 several times in
thus increasing the secondary medium
succession. If this measure does not have
pressures. This causes the control valves to
the desired result, the turbine must be shut
open and the turbine starts to overspeed.
down and the emergency governor to be
The actual speed at which trip occurs can be
inspected.
read off at pressure gauge MAX44CP501.
As soon as the auxiliary trip medium
Limit switches MAY10CG001&002C of
pressure drops to 0 at pressure gauge
overspeed trip release device MAY10
MAX52CP501, the center pilot valve must
AA001 and 002 indicate in the control room
be returned to its original position using
that main trip valves MAX51AA005 and
hand-wheel KA01. The pressure in the test
MAX51AA006 have been actuated by
line should then return to 0, as can be read
overspeed protective device.
off at pressure gauge MAX62CP501. The
bolts/strikers of the overspeed trips should
return to their original position.
5.1-0641-00/2
Steam Turbine Electro-hydraulic LP Bypass
Description Control(Hydraulic System)
Operation
Electrical LP bypass controller MAN01 If the vacuum in condenser MAG10BC001
DP001 activities the plunger coil arranged drops or the pressure downstream of the LP
on the left-hand side of transducer MAX53 bypass valves rises above the permissible
BY001. In the event of voltage increases, jet value, or the pressure of the injection water
pipe KA01 is swung to the right and piston is too low, the jet pipe of LP bypass limit
KA08 of transducer MAX53BY001 is moved controller MAX53 BY001 is moved to the left
in the downward direction. This takes up a and the piston of the actuator to bypass limit
position proportional to the downward controller KA07 moves downwards. In the
direction. This takes up a position bottom position of piston KA07, the spring of
proportional to the voltage change due to follow up piston KA02 is expanded to such
the rigid feedback. Sleeves KA04 of follow- an extent that the LP bypass valves are
up piston KA02 and KA03 connected to the unable to open. By means of feedback to
piston are move in the downward direction the measuring system “Pressure
and the fluid pressure in the follow-up downstream of LP bypass valves” a certain
pistons rises. piston setting and thus a certain setting of
At the beginning of the control process, the LP bypass valves is allocated the each
injection valves MAN11and12AA003 and pressure deviation if the pressure allocated
004 by way of pilot valve MAX53 to the maximum permissible bypass rate is
AA031+AA041 and the actuators to injection exceeded, thus limiting the bypass rate. This
valve KA01 are opened first due to the rising ensures that the volume limitation has a
pressure in follow-up piston KA03. The clear control behavior (Proportional control
injection water reaches the pressure action). This feedback is only effective in
reducing orifice and is available for cooling volume limitation. It is not necessary for the
down the bypass steam flowing into the other two limit pressures.
condenser, with a slight delay compared to To protect the reheater from the thermal
the injection valves, LP bypass stop valves damage as a result of heat accumulation, it
MAN11and12 AA001 are fully opened as the must always have a minimum amount
fluid pressure in follow-up piston KA02 rises flowing through it. For this reason the
(assuming that the piston of the actuator to reheater safety valves are actuated by the
bypass limit controller KA07 is in the upper electro hydraulic LP bypass controller at a
limit position) and following this, LP bypass preset deviation.
control valves MAN11and12AA002 are
opened taking up a defined position due to In normal bypass operation this signal is
the feedback caused by the respective fluid interlocked via limit switches MAN11and12
pressure (proportional control action). CG001D and MAN11and12 CG002B unless
quick-closing LP bypass valves MAN11and
LP bypass limit controller MAX53BY011 has 12AA001 are completely open and LP
priority over transducer MAX53 BY001. As bypass control valves MAN11and12 AA002
soon as injection water is available at the are approx. 60% open. If only one valve fails
required pressure and there is also a to meet these conditions, the signal goes
sufficiently high vacuum in condenser through and the safety valves open (thus
MAG10BC001, the jet pipe is swung to the they open at precisely the existing reheater
right and the piston of the actuator to bypass pressure (below design pressure)).
limit controller KA07 moves into the upper
limit position. As a result the pressure in So that the safety valves do not respond
follow-up piston KA02 is increased so that unnecessarily as a result of delays present
LP bypass stop and control valves in the hydraulic control elements, the signal
MAN11and12AA001 and MAN11and12 to them is passed via two parallel time delay
AA002 are released for opening. relays which delay contact by approx. 5 sec.
5.1-0642-00/2
Steam Turbine Extraction Check Valve
Description
The function of extraction check valves there is a danger that the contents of the
LBQ50, LBS21, LBS31, LBS41 and LBS42 feed water heaters will flash into steam. In
AA001and 002 is to prevent the backflow of this case, closure of the swing check valves
steam into the turbine from the extraction is assisted for a short time by means of
lines and the feed water heaters. pistons KA01 of auxiliary slide valve MAX51
AA011. In normal operation pilot valve KA01
Two free-swinging check valves are
passes trip oil to pilot valve KA02. In the
installed in each extraction lines A2, A3, A4
event of an abrupt output drop, the pressure
and A5. In the event of flow reversal in the
on the top side of pilot valve KA01 drops,
extraction lines, the valves close
where as depressurization beneath the
automatically, whereby actuator KA01
piston is delayed by a check valve and the
assists the closing movement of the disc.
pressure in fluid accumulator MAX45BB001.
The mechanical design of the swing check The resulting differential pressure moves the
valves is such that they are brought into the piston upward to interrupt the trip fluid supply
free -swinging position by means of trip fluid to the swing check valves, whose closing
pressure via actuator KA01 and the disc is movement is assisted by the spring force of
moved into the steam flow by means of actuator via a flow restrictor. The pilot valve
spring force acting via the lever, shaft and moves back into its original position to open
disc lever and closes if differential pressure the way for the trip fluid to release the swing
is either lowered or reversed. check valves.
The trip supply to actuator KA01 is Turning the handwheel on the changeover
controlled by extraction valve relay MAX51 valves MAX51AA048, MAX51AA051 etc.
AA011, changeover valves MAX51AA028, close the associated swing check valves
MAX51AA031 etc. within the bounds of the effectiveness of the
spring.
Extraction valve relay MAX51 AA011
actuates the swing check valves in The swing check valve in extraction lines A4
accordance with the secondary fluid can also be triggered by differential pressure
pressure, suitable adjustment of the spring switch LBS42CP002. This differential
in relation to piston KA02 sets the turbine pressure switches energizes solenoid valves
load at which the swing check valves are MAX51AA028 and MAX51AA031 if the
released for opening or assisted in closing. steam flow drops below a preset rate
The release setting for opening cannot be (differential pressure), thereby further
arbitrarily adjusted towards higher turbine assisting the closing action of the swing
output, as the swing check valve will open check valve.
even without the release action if the steam
The position of all swing check valves is
pressure difference exerts a greater force
indicated via position transmitters-CG001A
than the closing spring.
and CG002A.
In the event of major output drops above
the opening point of the swing check valves,
In order that the turbine may be completely check valve is closed by the actuator KA01
separated from the steam when it is and prevent the steam in the cold reheat line
stationary, an additional check valve from returning to the turbine. By removing the
LBC10 AA001 is fitted in the line between valve from the steam flow during operation
the HP cylinder and the reheater and above 5 to 10% of maximum power,
operating through pilot valve MAX42AA001 additional pressure losses during normal
+002 and the rotary actuator KA01 operation are avoided. If, during start-up, the
depending on the pressure in the steam pressure on the inlet side of the valve
associated secondary medium circuit. The and at the same time the secondary medium
swing check valve opens fully when the pressure is not yet sufficient to open the
control valves reached approx. 5 to 10% of valve, the steam pressure will open the swing
their full-power travel. Only when the check valve against the medium pressure in
control valves reach this point again as the manner of a safety valve.
they are being closed, the swing check The Open and Control position of the swing
valve brought into steam flow again by the check valve are indicated in the control room
hydraulic actuator. Thus when the steam via the limit switches.
flow in the normal direction ceases, the
Function
Healthiness of the protective devices and the 1. Protective devices
stop and control valves is vitally important for
Description: “Automatic Turbine
the operational reliability and availability of
Tester, Protective device”.
the turbine. Hence, it is essential that these
equipments are always kept in a fully 2. Main stop and control valves
serviceable condition. Economy has dictated Description: “Automatic Turbine tester,
longer intervals between turbine overhauls, stop and control valves”.
with the result that testing of the equipments The complete testing of all components
and devices is now necessary at regular which must operate when an automatic trip
intervals during normal operation. becomes necessary is assured, despite the
There are manually operated devices for subdivision into two testing groups
testing the free operation of the stop and (protective devices, stop and control
control valves. However, these tests do not valves), because the main trip valves which
cover all components involved in an store the trip signal by mechanical hydraulic
automatic trip with the result that the means are operated together with each
conditions only party corresponds to those protective device and subsequent
prevailing during a real trip. satisfactory reduction of the trip oil pressure
after the valves are monitored.
The system
Nature of the description
Any possible mal-operation associated with
manually operated devices are avoided with The descriptions mentioned above contain
fully automatic tests by means of the the practical sequence of the tests on the
automatic turbine tester. Full protection for individual devices and gives details of
the turbine during testing is also assured by possible irregularities. The description of
suitable circuit arrangements. This increases equipment contained in the automatic
the operational reliability and availability of control cubicle (stepping switches, interlock
the plant. modules, etc), the control panel in the
control room and schematic circuit diagrams
The automatic turbine tester is realised in are contained in the separate electrical
digital technology. section of the “Operating Manual” for the
automatic turbine tester.
System adaptation For the understanding of the automatic
The system is subdivided into functional turbine tester from these descriptions it is
groups for each device. Each group contains assumed that the reader is fully conversant
the device itself and all necessary with the functioning of the individual
transmission elements for initiation of a protective devices and valves within the
normal trip. overall turbine governing and protection
system.
The automatic turbine tester is divided into
the following 2 subgroups:
Scope of Testing
The Automatic turbine tester (ATT) Trip Initiation during Testing
subgroup for the protective devices is To provide normal protection for the turbine
divided into a preliminary test and the during testing, any trip initiation signals from
following four individual testing systems. the protective devices will de-energize the
Remote trip solenoid MAX52AA001 solenoid valves for remote trip during testing
and the same time initiate the reset
Remote trip solenoid MAX52AA002 program. This also applies to all normal
Over speed trips MAY10AA001/MAY10 electrical remote trips such as generator
AA002 protection, etc. For the duration of testing,
two electrical speed signals are formed to
Low vacuum trip MAG01AA011 provide protection against turbine
One or more systems can be selected for overspend.
testing at the control panel and the selection During all electrical testing of the protective
is stored. The start of the test program devices, the electric trip action is prevented
automatically causes a preliminary test to be however, all annunciations are activated as
carried out on the protective channels which for actual trip. The appropriate section of the
are to be effective during actual testing and alarm annunciation system is thus also
then establishes the test circuit. Once the tested.
first test selected has been completed and
the protective device has latched in again,
the test circuit is restored to its normal Features of the Automatic Turbine Tester
operational configuration. Further selected The automatic turbine tester is distinguished
tests must be started individually by by the following features:
pressing the Test push-button to start the
Individual testing of each turbine
program.
protective device.
Automatic testing, upon selection of a
General
test, of the devices that protect the
During normal operation, the protective turbine during that test.
devices act via main trip valves MAX51
Testing of the protective devices for
AA005 and MAX 51AA006 on the stop and
normal turbine operation can only be
control valves and extraction swing check
performed if the preliminary test has run
valves. The remote trip solenoids MAX52
without fault and the protection of the
AA001 and MAX52 AA002, over speed trips
turbine during testing is assured.
MAY10AA001/MAY10AA002 and low
vacuum trip MAG01AA011 actuate main trip Monitoring of all program steps for
valves MAX51AA005 and MAX51AA006 by execution within a certain time.
opening the auxiliary trip fluid circuit.
Interruption if the running time of any
For the duration of testing of the protective program step is exceeded or if trip is
devices, a test circuit is established .In order initiated.
to keep the trip fluid circuit effective, it is
Automatic reset of the test program after
isolated from main trip valves MAX51 AA005
a fault.
and MAX51AA006 by means of change-over
valve MAX51AA211 and supplied with fluid Protection of the turbine during testing
via solenoid valves MAX51AA201 and provided by special test protective
MAX51AA202 (remote trip during testing). devices.
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fluid up stream of changeover valve MAX51 actuating limit switch MAX51CG211C which
AA211 is drained. Successful completion of annunciates this status.
testing is annunciated by pressure switch
MAX51CP207 between solenoid valve MAX De-activating the Test Circuit
51AA201 and changeover valve MAX51AA
211. Subsequently, solenoid valve MAX51 The test circuit is deactivated in the reverse
AA202 is de-energized via the second order on completion of the selected test and
channel of its Schmitt trigger, thereby after automatic latching of the protective
depressurizing the control fluid still present device concerned in its normal operating
between solenoid valves MAX51AA201 and position.
MAX51AA202. This process is monitored by Hydraulic Test Signal Transmitters
pressure switch MAX51CP205. On
successful completion of the preliminary The function of the hydraulic test signal
test, the test circuit is automatically transmitters is to activate the related
established, which permits realistic testing of protective device (with the exception of the
the protective devices without initiating remote trip solenoids). Each protective
turbine trip. device has an associated test signal
transmitter. For testing the over speed trip
Solenoid valves MAX51AA201 and MAX51 device, the associated test signal transmitter
AA202 (for remote trip during testing) are builds up a test pressure relatively slowly
again energized whereupon control fluid is and passes it to the overspeed trips, for
supplied to change over valve MAX51 testing the low vacuum trip, an air pressure
AA211. Then solenoid valve MAX61AA201 signal is introduced to the device via an
is energized, effecting changeover from trip orifice. The testing signals to remote trip
fluid to control fluid. The control fluid in this solenoids MAX52AA001 and MAX52AA002
line drains off, and the pressure difference
drives changeover valve MAX51AA211 into
its test position (lower end position), thereby
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Main Trip Valves Pressure switches MAX48CP201 and
MAX48CP202 monitor the orderly pressure
MAX 51 AA005 and MAX 51 AA006 collapse of auxiliary start-up fluid circuit after
Only one of the two main trip valves is latching-in of main trip valves.
described in the following, as they are Attention: The lever for manual actuation of
constructional and functionally identical. the main trip valve must not be test operated
during turbine automatic testing operation,
as the electrical trip action is always initiated
Function via the manual trip-out limit switch.
The function of the main trip valve is to Remote Trip Solenoids
amplify and store the hydraulic or
mechanical (manually initiated local) trip MAX52 AA001 and MAX52 AA002
signal. It must respond in the course of The twin electrical remote trip feature
every successful protective device test. consists of the two remote trip solenoid
valves MAX52AA001 and MAX52AA002.
Operation
0ne trip channel is described here, as the
Each main trip valve is kept in its position by test procedure is the same for both.
auxiliary trip fluid pressure. If a protective
device is actuated, the auxiliary trip fluid
circuit is depressurized and the main trip Function
valve is activated. This connects the trip fluid The function of the remote trip solenoids is
and auxiliary trip circuits to drain and shuts to depressurize the auxiliary trip fluid circuit
in the shortest possible time, thereby
bringing main trip valves MAX51AA005 and
MAX51AA006 into their trip positions, in the
Auxiliary start-up fluid pressure forces During normal operation, the remote trip
differential piston (3) into its normal solenoid isolates the auxiliary trip fluid circuit
operating position. Control fluid IV is then from the drain. For testing, the automatic
free to pass through to buildup the pressure turbine tester switches over the
in the trip fluid and auxiliary trip fluid circuits.
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